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DOUBLYREINFORCEDBEAMS
Lecture2
DrEeLoonTan
Lectureoutline
1. Learningoutcomes
2. Doublyreinforcedbeams
3. Tbeams
4. Examples

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Learningoutcomes
Bytheendofthislectureyouwillbeableto:
Analysisdoublyreinforcedconcreteforconcrete
beamsinflexureaccordingtoAustralianStandard
AS3600and
AnalysisTbeamsinflexureaccordingto
AustralianStandardAS3600

Increasingthecapacityof
reinforcedconcretebeams
Increasetheleverarmbyincreasingthedepthofthebeam
Increasethecompression(C)andtensionforces(T)through
additionalreinforcingbarsorincreasingtheconcrete
compressionstrength(f
c
)
C
T
z
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Usingdoublyreinforced
beams
Doublyreinforcedbeamsareusedwhenthereis
arestrictioninthedepthofbeams
Depthrestrictionsmaybeasaresultofmechanical
installationssuchasductingorpiping
Alimiteddepthofbeammeansthattheconcrete
incompressionbecomesrelativelysmallto
balancethetensionforceinsteel
Reinforcingbarsincompressionareusedtoassist
theconcreteincompressiontobalancethe
tensionforceinsteel
Aresultantincreaseinmomentcapacityoccurs

Otheradvantagesofusing
compressionsteel
Compressionreinforcementhastheadvantage
thatitreduceslongtermdeflectionofbeams
Compressionsteelisalsousefulinitssupportof
shearreinforcement(stirrups)
stirrups
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Stressstraindistribution
forreinforcingsteelbars
Assumption
Case1:Assumingthatcompressive
reinforcementyields:
Case2:Assumingthatcompressive
reinforcementdidnotyield:

D
A
st

b
d
sc

d
n
=k
u
d

st

u
=0.003
f
sy

dk
u
d/2
T=A
st
f
sy

C
c

d
dk
u
d
d
st

k
u
d
C
s
=A
sc

sc

A
sc

sc

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Case1(
sc
=f
sy
)
Forequilibrium:

Assumingthatcompressivereinforcement
yields:

sy st sc sc u c
s c
f A A b d k f
T C C
= +
= +
o o
'
2
( )
bd f
f A A
k
f
c
sy sc st
u
sy sc
o
o

=
=
'
2
Case1(
sc
=f
sy
)
Fromthestraindiagram,checkifyielding
occursforcompressionsteel:

Fromthestraindiagram,checkifyielding
occursfortensilesteel:

u
u
st
u
u
u
st
k
d k d k d
c c
c c
|
|
.
|

\
|
=
=

1
1
u
u
sc
sc
u
u
sc u
sc
d k
d
d k d d k
c c
c c
|
|
.
|

\
|
=
=

1
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Case1(
sc
=f
sy
)
Case1:If
sc
>
sy
,thenassumptioniscorrect

sc
=f
sy
Momentcapacity:
( )
sc sy sc
u
u
c
u
d d f A
d k
d b d k f M +
|
.
|

\
|
=
2
'
2

o
Case2(
sc
<f
sy
)
Case2:If
sc
<
sy
,thenassumptionisincorrect
Recalculatek
u
and
sc
Forequilibrium:

Substitutingfor
sc
fromtherelationship
obtainedfromthestraindiagram:
sc s sc
sy st sc sc u c
s c
E
f A A b d k f
T C C
c o
o o
=
= +
= +
'
2
|
|
.
|

\
|
=
d k
d
E
u
sc
u s sc
1 c o
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Case2(
sc
<f
sy
)
Thereforetheequilibriumequationcanbe
expressedas:

Intheabovequadraticequation,theonly
unknownisk
u
or(k
u
d=d
n
)
Aftersolvingfork
u
or(k
u
d=d
n
),then
sc
canbe
calculated.

sy st
u
sc
u s sc u c
sy st sc sc u c
f A
d k
d
E A d d k f
f A A d d k f
=
|
|
.
|

\
|
+
= +
1
'
2
'
2
c o
o o
Case2(
sc
<f
sy
)
Momentcapacity:

( )
( )
sc
u
sc
u s sc
u
u
c
u
sc sc sc
u
u
c
u
d d
d k
d
E A
d k
d b d k f M
d d A
d k
d b d k f M

|
|
.
|

\
|
+
|
.
|

\
|
=
+
|
.
|

\
|
=
1
2
2
'
2
'
2
c

o
o

o
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Example
IntroductiontoTbeams
Inbuildingconstruction,concreteslabsare
builtmonolithicallywithsupportingbeams
Theslabactsintegrallywiththebeamsectionto
resistbending

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Effectivewidthofflange
(b
ef
)Cl.8.8
Theeffectivewidthdependsonthestresses
alreadyinthefloorslabduetoitsbending
Italsodependsontheproximityofthe
portiontothebeaminquestion
AccordingtoAS3600Cl.8.8
Tbeams:b
ef
=b
w
+0.2a
Lbeams:b
ef
=b
w
+0.1a
Whereaisthedistancebetweenpointsofzero
moment

Effectivewidthofflange
(b
ef
)Cl.8.8
ef
w 0.1a 0.1a b
b ef
w 0.1a
ef
0.1a bw
b b
b 0.1a
L
a =0.7L
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AnalysisofTbeams
TheanalysisofTbeamsissimilartothatof
rectangularsections
Withtheexceptionthattheflangemustbe
accountedforintheequilibriumequations

Assumption
Therearetwocasestoconsider:
Case1:Depthofcompressionblockwithinthe
flange
Case2:Depthofcompressionblockbelowthe
flange

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Case1(Withintheflange)
Thissectioncanbetreatedasasingly
reinforcedsectionwith:
Effectivedepth,dand
Widthequaltotheflangewidth,b=b
f

A
st

b
f

d
n
=k
u
d

st

u
=0.003
f
sy

dk
u
d/2
T=A
st
f
sy

C
dk
u
d
k
u
d
o
2
f
c

d
Case2(Belowtheflange)
A
st

b
f

d
n
=k
u
d

st

u
=0.003
f
sy

dk
u
d/2
T=A
st
f
sy

C
f

dk
u
d
k
u
d
o
2
f
c

d
flange
flange web
C
w

b
w

t
f

dt
f
/2
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Case2(Belowtheflange)
Compressionforceintheflange:

Compressionforceintheweb:

Forequilibrium:

( )
f w f c f
t b b f C =
'
2
o
d k b f C
u w c w
o =
'
2
( )
( )
d b f
t b b f f A
k
f A d k b f t b b f
f A C C
w c
f w f c sy st
u
sy st u w c f w f c
sy st w f
o
o
o o

=
= +
= +
'
2
'
2
'
2
'
2
Example