1) This document outlines a dissertation protocol for formulating and evaluating mucoadhesive buccal tablets of ondansetron HCL. The study aims to develop a controlled release buccal drug delivery system to improve bioavailability and patient compliance by bypassing first-pass metabolism.
2) A literature review is presented covering previous studies on developing mucoadhesive buccal tablets for other drugs using polymers like carbopol, HPMC, and HEC to maintain drug release. Ondansetron HCL was selected as a model drug due its low dose, short half-life, and potential for buccal delivery.
3) The protocol describes the objectives, materials, methods, and
1) This document outlines a dissertation protocol for formulating and evaluating mucoadhesive buccal tablets of ondansetron HCL. The study aims to develop a controlled release buccal drug delivery system to improve bioavailability and patient compliance by bypassing first-pass metabolism.
2) A literature review is presented covering previous studies on developing mucoadhesive buccal tablets for other drugs using polymers like carbopol, HPMC, and HEC to maintain drug release. Ondansetron HCL was selected as a model drug due its low dose, short half-life, and potential for buccal delivery.
3) The protocol describes the objectives, materials, methods, and
1) This document outlines a dissertation protocol for formulating and evaluating mucoadhesive buccal tablets of ondansetron HCL. The study aims to develop a controlled release buccal drug delivery system to improve bioavailability and patient compliance by bypassing first-pass metabolism.
2) A literature review is presented covering previous studies on developing mucoadhesive buccal tablets for other drugs using polymers like carbopol, HPMC, and HEC to maintain drug release. Ondansetron HCL was selected as a model drug due its low dose, short half-life, and potential for buccal delivery.
3) The protocol describes the objectives, materials, methods, and
M. Pharm. Dissertation Protoco Submitted to the Ra!i" #an$hi Uni"ersit% o& Heath Sciences' (arnata)a Ban*aore. By Mr. VI+A, V PA-AR B. Pharm.
Under the Guidance of Dr. C.C. PATIL M.Pharm, ph.D Pro&essor . Hea$ DEPARTMENT OF PHARMACEUTICS B L D E A/S COLLE#E OF PHARMAC, BI+APUR0123456 754607548 Ra!i" #an$hi Uni"ersit% o& Heath Sciences' (arnata)a Ban*aore. ANNE9URE II PROFORMA FOR RE#ISTRATION OF SUB+ECTS FOR DISSERTATION
1)
Name of candidate and address (n B!oc" #etters) Mr. VI+A,.V.PA-AR AT0MA#AR-ADI POST0CHANDAPURI TAL0 MALSHIRAS DIST0 SOLAPUR0846 645 $)
Name of the nstitute B.L.D.E.A/S COLLE#E OF PHARMAC,' BI+APUR0123 456 %) &ourse of study and sub'ect( M. PHARM IN PHARMACEUTICS. )) Date of admission of course( 7:04707547 *) +it!e of the topic; , <FORMULATION AND EVALUATION OF MUCOADHESIVE BUCCAL TABLETS OF ONDANSETRON HCL=. -) Brief .esume of this intended /or" ;0 3.4 Need for the study Encos>re0I 3.7 .e0ie/ of #iterature Encos>re0II 3.6 1b'ecti0es of study Encos>re0III $ 2) Materia!s and Methods ;0 2.1 Source of data Encos>re0IV 2.$ Method of co!!ection of data (nc!udin3 samp!in3 procedure, if any) Encos>re0IV 2.% Does the study re4uire any in0esti3ation or inter0entions to be conducted on patients of humans or anima!s5 f so, p!ease describe brief!y. 000NO,,,, 2.) 6as ethica! c!earance been obtained from your institution in case of 2.%5 000NOT APPLICABLE,,,,
7) #ist of .eferences Encos>re0V
8)
Si3nature of the candidate
19)
.emar"s of the Guide
Encos>re0VI 11) Name and desi3nation of (in b!oc" !etters) 11.1 Guide
11.$ Si3nature
Dr. CHANDRASHE(AR.C. PATIL Pro&essor . Hea$' De?t. o& Pharmace>tics B.L.D.E.A/S COLLE#E OF PHARMAC,' BI+APUR0123456. 11.% &o,Guide (if any) ,,,,,,,,,,,, % 11.) Si3nature ,,,,,,,,,,,, 11.* 6ead of Department 11.- Si3nature 0000000000000 1$)
1$.1 .emar"s of the &hairman and Principa!
1$.$ Si3nature This st>$% Can @e carrie$ o>t in o>r a@orator% Encos>re0I ) 3A Brie& res>me o& the inten$e$ Bor). 3.4A Nee$ &or the st>$%; 0 Bucca! de!i0ery of dru3s pro0ides an attracti0e a!ternati0e to the ora! route of dru3 administration, particu!ar!y in o0ercomin3 the disad0anta3es associated /ith the !ater mode of dosin3. Moreo0er, the ora! ca0ity is easi!y accessib!e for se!f medication and can be prompt!y terminated in case of to:icity 'ust by remo0in3 the dosa3e form from bucca! ca0ity. t is a!so possib!e to administer dru3 to patients /ho cannot be dosed ora!!y 0ia this route. 1 ;mon3 the 0arious transmucosa! routes, bucca! mucosa has e:ce!!ent accessibi!ity, an e:panse of smooth musc!e and re!ati0e!y immobi!e mucosa, hence suitab!e for administration of retenti0e dosa3e form. +echnica!!y, an idea! bucca! adhesi0e system must ha0e the fo!!o/in3 properties( (1) maintains its position in the mouth for a fe/ hours, ($) re!eases the dru3 in a contro!!ed fashion, and (%) pro0ides dru3 re!ease in a unidirectiona! /ay to/ard the mucosa. $ +hree different cate3ories of dru3 de!i0ery fa!! /ithin the ora! ca0ity( sub!in3ua!, bucca!, and !oca!. +he sub!in3ua! mucosa is re!ati0e!y permeab!e, 3i0in3 rapid absorption and acceptab!e bioa0ai!abi!ities of many dru3s, and is con0enient, accessib!e, and 3enera!!y /e!! accepted. % +he dru3 direct!y reaches to the systemic circu!ation throu3h the interna! 'u3u!ar 0ein and bypasses the dru3s from the hepatic first pass metabo!ism, /hich !eads to hi3h bioa0ai!abi!ity. +he other ad0anta3es of bucca! dru3 de!i0ery inc!ude( !o/ en<ymatic acti0ity, suitab!e for dru3s or e:cipients that mi!d!y and re0ersib!y dama3e or irritate the mucosa, pain!ess dru3 administration, easy dru3 /ithdra/a!, possib!e to inc!ude the permeation. ) +herefore, the ora! mucosa may be potentia! site for contro!!ed or sustained dru3 de!i0ery. +he permeabi!ity of the ora! mucosa is !o/= hence, the ora! mucosa cou!d be uti!i<ed to potent dru3s /hich are re4uired in sma!! doses. * n this study, ondansetron 6&! (1DN) /as se!ected as a mode! dru3= it is a se!ecti0e serotonin *,6+% receptor b!oc"in3 a3ent. - t is a potent antiemetic dru3 used in the treatment of chemotherapy or radiotherapy induced emesis and a!so used in the ear!y * onset of a!coho!ism. ;!thou3h, it is /e!! absorbed in the 3astrointestina! tract= 1DN under3oes first pass,metabo!ism resu!tin3 in !o/ bioa0ai!abi!ity. +he !o/ dose ()m3) and ma:imum !i"e (7m3) and !o/ mo!ecu!ar /ei3ht (%-*.7- Da) ma"e it as a suitab!e candidate for bucca! de!i0ery. t has been c!assified as B&S &!ass dru3 o/in3 to its !o/ permeabi!ity and hi3h so!ubi!ity. +herefore, it /as e:co3itated to use permeation enhancer in de!i0erin3 1DN throu3h bucca! mucosa. 2
t is effecti0e in the treatment of nausea and 0omitin3, t has a ha!f,!ife %,* h and ora! bioa0ai!abi!ity is > -9 ?. 1D6 sho/s promisin3 pharmaco"inetics and physicochemica! properties hence this dru3 /as se!ected as mode! dru3s for this in0esti3ation. 7 - Encos>re0II 3.7A Re"ieB o& iterat>re; 0 1) #>$a a$it%a et al., ha0e de0e!oped and e0a!uate contro!!ed re!ease mucoadhesi0e bucca! tab!ets of #isinopri!. a dru3 /ide!y used in the treatment of hypertension. 6o/e0er, its e:tensi0e first pass metabo!ism resu!ts in poor bioa0ai!abi!ity. +he ob'ecti0e of present research /or" is to desi3n and e0a!uate the contro!!ed re!ease of mucoadhesi0e bucca! tab!ets of #isinopri! /ith a 3oa! to increase the bioa0ai!abi!ity, reduce dosin3 fre4uency and impro0e patient comp!iance. +he tab!ets /ere prepared usin3 &arbopo!8%), 6ydro:y propy! methy! ce!!u!ose (6PM&), hydro:y ethy! ce!!u!ose (6@&) as mucoadhesi0e po!ymers. ;na!ysis of #isinopri!e is done by UA 0isib!e spectrophometer usin3 /a0e!en3th $19nm. .esu!ts of in-vitro s/e!!in3 study indicate that the +ota! si: different formu!ations (B1 to B-) of #isinopri! bucca! tab!ets /ere prepared by direct compression techni4ues usin3 0arious proportions of po!ymers and e:cipients. n order to se!ect the best formu!ations, 0arious e0a!uation parameters /ere chec"ed and sub'ected to in-vitro disso!ution studies and their re!ease profi!es. 8 2) Sat%a@rata Bhan!a
et al., ha0e prepared and e0a!uate of mucoadhesi0e bucca! tab!ets of +imo!o! ma!eate. +he best in-vitro dru3 re!ease profi!e /as achie0ed /ith the formu!ation B* /hich contains the dru3, &arbopo! 8%)p and 6PM& C)M in the ratio of 1($.*(19. +he in vitro re!ease of +imo!o! ma!eate /as performed under sin" conditions (Phosphate buffer P6(-.7, %2D9.*E&, rpm *9) usin3 USP, FFA disso!ution apparatus type . +he formu!ation B*, containin3 19 m3 of +imo!o! ma!eate e:hibited 2 h sustained dru3 re!ease i.e. 87.17 ? /ith desired therapeutic concentration. +he samp!es /ere fi!tered throu3h Ghitman fi!ter paper No.)9 and ana!y<ed for +imo!o! after appropriate di!ution by UA spectrophotometer at $8- nm. +he in-vitro re!ease "inetics studies re0ea! that a!! formu!ations fits /e!! /ith <ero order "inetics fo!!o/ed by Corsmeyer,Peppas, first order and then 6i3uchiHs mode! and the mechanism of dru3 re!ease is non, Bic"ian diffusion. B+. studies sho/ed no e0idence on interactions bet/een dru3, po!ymers, and e:cipients..n conc!usion, the resu!ts indicated that the prepared 2 sustained,re!ease tab!ets of +M cou!d perform therapeutica!!y better than con0entiona! tab!ets /ith impro0ed efficacy and better patient comp!iance. 19 3) # C)inci et al., ha0e de0e!oped a bucca! bioadhesi0e nicotine tab!et formu!ation for smo"in3 cessation. &arbomer (&arbopo!I82)P NB) (&P) and a!3inic acid sodium sa!t (Na;!3) /ere used as bioadhesi0e po!ymers in combination /ith hydro:ypropy! methy!ce!!u!ose (6PM&) at different ratios. Ma3nesium carbonate /as incorporated into the formu!ations as a p6 increasin3 a3ent. ; decrease in p6 of the disso!ution medium to acidic 0a!ues /as a0oided by incorporation of ma3nesium hydro:ide into the formu!ations. +he de0e!oped formu!ations re!eased N6+ for 7 h period, and remained intact e:cept for the formu!ation containin3 &P( 6PM& at $9(79 ratios. +ab!ets /ere prepared by direct compression of the mi:ture of 6PM& either /ith &P or Na;!3 at different ratios. +he re!ease of N6+ from tab!ets /as studied usin3 modified Bran< diffusion ce!!s. +he samp!es /ere fi!tered and assayed for N6+ at $*8 nm usin3 a UA 1-9; Shimad<u spectrophotometer. t /as sho/n that /ith the de0e!oped formu!ations, the N6+ re!ease and bioadhesion properties of bucca! tab!ets can be contro!!ed by chan3in3 the po!ymer type and concentration. 11 4) Ca>m R et al., ha0e formu!ated ora! contro!!ed re!ease matri: tab!ets of #osartan potassium. Bi!ayer nicotine mucoadhesi0e tab!ets /ere prepared and e0a!uated to determine the suitabi!ity of the formu!ation as a nicotine rep!acement product to aid in smo"in3 cessation. ; ran3e of formu!ations containin3 9J*9? /// &arbopo! 8%)I and 9J*9? /// hydro:ypropy!ce!!u!ose (6P&) /ere prepared and tested for adhesi0e properties and dru3 re!ease. Mucoadhesion /as assessed usin3 bo0ine bucca! mucosa. Pea" detachment force of the tab!ets /as found to reach a ma:imum at $9? /// &arbopo! 8%)I, /hi!st /or" of adhesion continued to increase /ith &arbopo! 8%)I concentration. 6P& concentrations of $9J%9? /// /ere found to pro0ide nicotine hydro3en tartrate (N6+) re!ease approachin3 <ero order "inetics o0er a ) h test period. ; combination of $9? /// &arbopo! 8%)I and $9? /// 6P& /as thus found to pro0ide suitab!e adhesion and contro!!ed dru3 re!ease. +he eff!uent from the ce!!s /as co!!ected o0er a ) h period and assayed for nicotine at certain time inter0a!s usin3 U.A. detection at $*8 nm. In- 7 vitro nicotine re!ease Disso!ution testin3 /as initia!!y carried out to in0esti3ate the effect of 6P& on N6+ re!ease. +he rate of N6+ re!ease from the &.#Hs and bi!ayer tab!ets /as in0esti3ated usin3 USP (FF) apparatus A. t has been proposed that mucoadhesion occurs in three sta3es (Duchene et a!., 1877). +he first sta3e in0o!0es the formation of an intimate contact bet/een the mucoadhesi0e and the mucus. Second!y, the mucoadhesi0e macromo!ecu!es s/e!! and interpenetrate /ith the mucus macromo!ecu!es, becomin3 physica!!y entan3!ed. +hird!y, these mo!ecu!es interact /ith each other 0ia secondary, non, co0a!ent bonds such as hydro3en bonds. 1$ 5) Paoo #i>nche$ia et al.' ha0e prepared bucca! tab!ets of ch!orhe:idine usin3 dru3,!oaded chitosan microspheres. +his in0esti3ation dea!s /ith the de0e!opment of bucca! formu!ations (tab!ets) based on chitosan microspheres containin3 ch!orhe:idine diacetate. +he micropartic!es /ere prepared by a spray,dryin3 techni4ue, their morpho!o3ica! characteristics /ere studied by scannin3 e!ectron microscopy and the in 0itro re!ease beha0iour /as in0esti3ated in p6 2.9 USP buffer. &h!orhe:idine in the chitosan microspheres disso!0es more 4uic"!y in 0itro than does ch!orhe:idine po/der. +he anti,microbia! acti0ity of the micropartic!es /as in0esti3ated as minimum inhibitory concentration, minimum bacteria! concentration and "i!!in3 time. +he !oadin3 of ch!orhe:idine into chitosan is ab!e to maintain or impro0e the anti,microbia! acti0ity of the dru3. +he impro0ement is particu!ar!y hi3h a3ainst Candida albicans. +his is important for a formu!ation /hose potentia! use is a3ainst bucca! infections. Dru3,empty micropartic!es ha0e an anti,microbia! acti0ity due to the po!ymer itse!f. Bucca! tab!ets /ere prepared by direct compression of the micropartic!es /ith mannito! a!one or /ith sodium a!3inate. ;fter their in-vivo administration the determination of ch!orhe:idine in sa!i0a sho/ed the capacity of these formu!ations to 3i0e a pro!on3ed re!ease of the dru3 in the bucca! ca0ity. 1% 6) Ahma$ Mahmoo$ M>mtaD et al., ha0e de0e!oped bioadhesi0e bucca! tab!ets containin3 triamcino!one acetonide in hea!thy 0o!unteers. Bioadhesi0e bucca! tab!ets prepared from different ratios of po!y (acry!ic acid,$,*,dimethy!,!,*, he:adiene) (P;D6) and hydro:ypropy!methy!ce!!u!ose (6PM&) /ith and /ithout 8 triamcino!onc acctonidc (+;;) has been in0esti3ated in the bucca! ca0ities of hea!thy human 0o!unteers. +he inc!usion of hi3her percenta3es of 6PM& pro0ides more pro!on3ed re!ease of dru3 throu3h its properties of 3e!!in3 and s!o/ disso!ution. 6o/e0er, adhesion of the tab!et is reduced in the e:cessi0e f!o/ of sa!i0a and there is a!so a tendency for the tab!et to be dis!od3ed from the mucosa. +he tab!et /ith a P;D6K6PM& ratio of *9(*9 seems to pro0ide a suitab!e compromise for 3ood bioadhesion and pro!on3ed re!ease of dru3. +he triamcino!one acetonide concentration /as determined by a UA spectrophotometer (6itachi, Mode! $999U, and Lapan) at $)9.7 nm. Sho/s that tab!et hydrates and s/e!!s immediate!y and disinte3ration occurs /ithin %9 min /hich reaches the ma:imum at 1.9 h. +he re!ati0e!y !ar3e fa!! in /et /ei3ht after 1.* h is probab!y due to difficu!ty in remo0in3 a!! the s/e!!ed P;D6 partic!es from the mucosa. 1) 7) Ra!esh (hanna MA et al., ha0e prepared Preparation bioerodib!e bucca! tab!ets containin3 c!otrima<o!e. Buccoadhesi0e erodib!e tab!ets for !oca! de!i0ery of c!otrima<o!e (&#+) to the ora! ca0ity /ere de0e!oped usin3 different bio,adhesi0e po!ymers a!on3 /ith so!ub!e e:cipients !i"e mannito! and po!yethy!ene 3!yco!, -999. ;n apparatus simu!atin3 the in-vivo conditions of the mouth /as desi3ned in order to assess in-vitro, the bio,adhesi0e performance and re!ease characteristics of these tab!ets. +he in-vitro adhesion time and re!ease characteristics /ere found to be a function of the type of po!ymer and a!so the tota! composition of the tab!ets. n 0i0o e0a!uation of p!acebo tab!ets in hea!thy human 0o!unteers indicated a !inear and positi0e corre!ation bet/een the in-vitro and in-vivo adhesion time. 1* Encos>re0III 19 3.6A O@!ecti"es o& the st>$%; 0 +he present study is p!anned /ith the fo!!o/in3 ob'ecti0es; 0 1) +o prepare standard ca!ibration cur0e of 1ndansetron 6c!. $) +o prepare mucoadhesi0e bucca! tab!ets by /et 3ranu!ation method usin3 po!ymer !i"es, 1) Natura! po!ymer, chitosan, Sodi.;!3inate etc. and Semi, Synthetic po!ymers, 6PM&, @& etc %) Dru3, e:cipients compatibi!ity study by B+. Spectroscopy. )) +o perform e0a!uation parameter !i"es 1. ;ppearance, thic"ness, hardness, /ei3ht 0ariation, friabi!ity test. $. Determination of s/e!!in3. %. Surface p6 study. ). Bioadhesion. *. .esistance time -. In-vitro disso!ution study usin3 USP FF (@!ectro !ap, +D+ 9-p) ana!ysed them by usin3 UA,Spectrometer (pharmaspec 1299, Shimad<u, Lapan). 2. Stabi!ity testin3. 7. In-vitro permeation studies of the optimi<ed formu!ations. Encos>re0IV 11 7) Materials and Methods: - :.4A So>rce o& $ata; 0 Primar% $ata; 0 +his data /i!! be co!!ected by conductin3 !aboratory e:periments and recordin3 the obser0ation. Secon$ar% $ata; 0 +his /i!! be co!!ected from 0arious 'ourna!s and te:tboo"s. :.7A Metho$ o& coection o& $ata; 0 +he study is p!anned to co!!ect the data from the !aboratory,based e:periments, /hich inc!ude the fo!!o/in3( 1) Preparation of 1ndansetron hc! tab!ets by usin3 different po!ymers by /et 3ranu!ation method. $) &ompatibi!ity study of dru3 /ith 0arious po!ymers /i!! be carried out by usin3 B+,.,7)99 S Shimad<u, Lapan. %) @0a!uation parameter such as, appearance, thic"ness, hardness, /ei3ht 0ariation test, friabi!ity test, dru3 content uniformity, bioadhesion, in,vitro disso!ution studies, s/e!!in3 inde:, in-vitro resistance time. )) In-vitro permeation studies /i!! be carried out for the optimi<ed formu!ation. *) +he stabi!ity studies of the formu!ation /i!! be carried out as per &6 3uide!ines and data /i!! be co!!ected. ENCLOSURE0V
1$ List o& re&erences; 0 1. Mada0 Deepa" .+, ;yyappan S, hanmu3am C, Sundaramoorthy and +. Aetriche!0an. De0e!opment and in-vitro @0a!uation of Buccoadhesi0e Metoc!opramide 6ydroch!oride +ab!et Bormu!ations. nternationa! 'ourna! of pharmatech .esearch coden , $911= %(*1-,*$*. 2. Prasanth Aasantha Ais/anadhan, ;nand Pado!e, ;bin ;braham and Sam +homarayi! Mathe/. Bucca! +ab!ets of #isinopri! by Direct &ompression Method for Bucca! Dru3 De!i0ery. nternationa! research Lourna! of Pharmaceutica!s, $91$= $(%9,%7. 3. Pate! CA, Pate! ND, Dodiya 6D, She!at PC. Bucca! Bioadhesi0e Dru3 De!i0ery System. ;n 10er0ie/. nternationa! Lourna! of Pharmaceutica! and Bio!o3ica! ;rchi0es, $911= $($)( -99,-98. 4. C Na3a .a'u, S Ae!muru3an, B Deepi"a , Sundar Ainushitha . Bormu!ation and in0itro e0a!ution of bucca! tab!et of Metopro!o! tartrate. nternationa! Lourna! of pharmacy and Pharmaceutica! science, $911= %( $%8,$)-. 5. S/amy PA, Cina3i MB, Biradar SS, Gada SN and Shi!pa 6. Bormu!ation Desi3n and @0a!uation of Bi!ayer Bucca! +ab!ets of Granisetron 6ydroch!oride. ndian Lourna! of Pharmaceutica! @ducation and .esearch, $911= $)$,$)2. 6. Upendra na3aich , Aandana chaudhary
, .oopa "ar"i
, ;"ash yada0
, Pra0een Sharma
. Bormu!ation of medicated che/in3 3um of ondansetron hydroch!oride and its pharmaco"inetic e0a!uations. nternationa! Lourna! of Pharmaceutica! science and research, $919= 1($)( %$,)9. 7. M Pra0een Cumar, M .a'endra Prasad, M Pramod and A Prabha"ar .eddy. @ffect of permeation enhancer on e:,0i0o permeation of 1ndansetron hc! bucca! tab!ets. nternationa! Lourna! of Pharmaceutica! science and research, $911= $ (11)( $7)1,$7)*. 8. Syed ;me<uddin ;<har, Putta .a'esh Cumar, Ai0e" Sood and Somashe"ar Shya!e. Studies on direct!y compressed ondansetron hydroch!oride mucoadhesi0e bucca! tab!ets. Lourna! of app!ied pharmaceutica! science, $91$= $ (*)( 199,19*. 9. Guda ;ditya, Ganesh Cumar Gudas
, Manasa Bin3i
, Suba! Debnath
, AA .a'esham
. Desi3n and @0a!uation of &ontro!!ed .e!ease Mucoadhesi0e Bucca! +ab!ets of #isinopri!. nternationa! Lourna! of current Pharmaceutica! research, $919 = $ ()) ( $),$2. 1% 10. Satyabrata Bhan'a
, P @!!aiah
, Su'it Cumar Martha
, Pratit Canchan Sahu
, Sandip Prasad +i/ari
, Bibhuti Bhusan Pani3rahi
, Deba'yoti Das
. Bormu!ation and in vitro e0a!uation of mucoadhesi0e bucca! tab!ets of +imo!o! ma!eate. nternationa! Lourna! of Pharmaceutics and Medica! .esearch, $919= 1())( 1$8,1%). 11. G N"inci, S Sene!, & G Gi!son , M Sumnua. De0e!opment of a bucca! bioadhesi0e nicotine tab!et formu!ation for smo"in3 cessation. nternationa! Lourna! of Pharmaceutics, $99)= 12%,127. 12. &a!um . Par", Da!e # Munday. De0e!opment and e0a!uation of a biphasic bucca! adhesi0e tab!et for nicotine rep!acement therapy. nternationa! Lourna! of Pharmaceutics, $99$= $1*,$$-. 13. Pao!o Giunchedi, &!audia Lu!iano, @!isabetta Ga0ini
, Massimo &ossu
, Mi!ena Sorrenti
. @uropen Lourna! of Pharmaceutics and Biopharmaceutics, $99$= $%%, $%8. 14. ;hmad Mahmood Mumta<, 6un3,Sen3 &hOn3 . @0a!uation of bioadhesi0e bucca! tab!ets containin3 triamcino!one acetonide in hea!thy 0o!unteers. nternationa! Lourna! of Pharmaceutica! Science, 188*= $)8,$*). 15. .a'esh Channa, SP ;3ar/a!, ;!"a ;hu'a. Preparation and e0a!uation of bioerodib!e bucca! tab!ets containin3 c!otrima<o!e. nternationa! Lourna! of Pharmaceutics, 188-= -2,2%. ENCLOSURE0VI 45A Remar)s o& the #>i$e +he present /or" is aimed to de0e!op and e0a!uate the Bucca! tab!et of 1ndansetron 6&!. 1ndansetron 6&! is a /ide!y used as anti emetic dru3. +he dru3 has a shorter bio!o3ica! ha!f,!ife of about %,* hrs and its bioa0ai!abi!ity is on!y -9?. Sustained 1) re!eased tab!et possib!y impro0e ora! bioa0ai!abi!ity of 1ndansetron 6&!. +he proposed study can be carried out in the !aboratory.
Propolis Can Potentialise The Anti-Adhesion Activity of Proanthocyanidins On Uropathogenic Escherichia Coli in The Prevention of Recurrent Urinary Tract Infections