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Gas Desorption Technology

Overview
Matt Mavor
Weatherford Laboratories
Matthew.Mavor@WeatherfordLabs.com
Triple Porosity Gas Storage
Micro-Porosity (<2 nm) and Meso-Porosity (< 50 nm)
Gas Storage by Adsorption
Mass Transfer by Diffusion
Macro-Porosity
Gas Storage by Compression and Solution
Mass Transfer by Diffusion and Darcy Flow
Natural or Induced Fractures
Gas Storage by Compression and Solution
Mass Transfer by Darcy Flow
Barnett Gas Storage Capacity
Diffusion vs. Darcy Flow
( )
2
g b
D
q C C
r

Diffusion
( )
g g b
q k p p
Darcy
Nomenclature
q
g
gas flow rate, volume/time
proportional to
D diffusion coefficient, cm
2
/sec
r average diffusion distance, cm
C average concentration g/cm
3
C
b
boundary concentration, g/cm
3
k
g
permeability to gas, md
p average pressure, kPaa
p
b
boundary pressure, kPaa
Gas Content Estimate Sources
Pressure Core Desorption
Conventional / Wireline Core Desorption
Drill Cutting Desorption
Sidewall Core Desorption
Gas Storage Capacity Computation
Free Gas Storage Capacity
Adsorbed Gas Storage Capacity
Lewis Core
Desorption
Canister
Gas Volume Measurement
Measured
Gas
Content
Example Desorption Data
Measured Data in White
Core Recovery Time Information
Desorption Time Zero
Mud Hydrostatic Pressure = Reservoir Pressure
Mud Hydrostatic Pressure = Critical Desorption
Pressure
When sample is cored if drilled underbalanced
Desorption Data Correction
Head-Space Correction
Gas expansion or contraction inside canister
Temperature changes
Atmospheric pressure / elevation changes
Standard Condition Correction
Typical standard conditions: 60
o
F and 14.696 psia
Example Direct Method Graph
2
2
203.1
c
D m
r G

=


Sorption Time
Time to desorb 63% of total gas content, hours
( )
2
1
3600 15
D
r
=
Nomenclature
D/r
2
diffusivity sec
-1
m slope, scf/ton-hour
0.5
G
c
total gas content, scf/ton
sorption time, hours
Shale Diffusivity
Lewis Shale
Diffusivity: 1.7(10
-6
) to 2.6(10
-6
) sec
-1
Sorption Time: 7 to 11 hours
Barnett Shale
Diffusivity: 3.1(10
-6
) to 4.3(10
-6
) sec
-1
Sorption time: 4.3 to 6 hours
Roller Mill for Residual Gas
Core Recovery Time
1
10
100
1,000
0 500 1,000 1,500 2,000 2,500 3,000 3,500 4,000 4,500
R
e
t
r
i
e
v
a
l

T
i
m
e

(
m
i
n
u
t
e
s
)
Depth (feet)
Wireline Coring Retrieval Conventional Coring Retrieval
Pressure Core Benchmarks
I
n
-
S
i
t
u
Sorption Isotherm Benchmarks
Coal Gas Content Errors
Ambient Temperature Desorption Measurements
-33% to -30% error
Drill Cuttings Instead of Core Samples
-25% Error
Lost Gas Content - Smith & Williams Method
-40% to 14% error (usually low)
Lost Gas Content - Amoco Method
-31% to 119% Error (usually high)
Sample History
Temperature Effects
Direct Method Assumptions
Spherical sample geometry
Uniform initial gas content
Constant diffusivity
Constant temperature diffusion
External pressure immediately reduced to zero
Simulated Desorption Conditions
Simulated Desorption Behavior
Gas Desorption Technology
Overview
Matt Mavor
Weatherford Laboratories
Matthew.Mavor@WeatherfordLabs.com

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