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Pathloss Version-4.0

Basic Operations
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Introductions to Pathloss V 4.0
Pathloss V 4.0 is a graphical planning tool that provides support for
microwave network planning

Planning is divided into two different categories :
Point-to-Point
Point-to-Multipoint

Pathloss V 4.0 is using two project database for the data:
Site (Call sign) Database and Link Database and other database are relates to
the equipment

Pathloss V 4.0 is also know as PL4.
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Operation of PL4 is divided into two parts


Configuration of PL4
Using of PL4 for Tx Planning
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Part-I

Configuration of PL4
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Configuration of PL4 is consist of Default antenna
heights, Geographical default, Terrain database,
Language, directories for antenna and radio files Ect.
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Configuration of PL4 Step 1: Go to Configuration Tab
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Configuration of PL4 Step 2: Go to Antenna Configuration Tab
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Configuration of PL4 Step 3: In this window we can choose the default Operating
Mode.
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Configuration of PL4 Step 4: Go to Antenna Height Tab
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Configuration of PL4 Step 5: By using this step we can set the default minimum and
TR antenna Heights
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Configuration of PL4 Step 6: Go to Geographical Default Tab
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Configuration of PL4 Step 7: Using this we can Configure Geographical default like
Datum, Latitude and Longitude Hemisphere ,Grid Coordinate system
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Configuration of PL4 Step 8: Go to Terrain Database Tab
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Configuration of PL4 Step 9: Using this option we can Configure Terrain Database for
the primary and secondary digital Maps.
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Configuration of PL4 Step 10: Choose GTopo30 Global 30 Sec option from the list
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Configuration of PL4 Step 11: Click on Setup Primary
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Configuration of PL4 Step 12: Click on Set Directory
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Configuration of PL4 Step 13: Browse the folder containing GTopo30 Maps and click
Ok, then close the window appearing on your screen, now finally click Ok
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Configuration of PL4 Step 14: Suppose you have SRTM maps and you want to make it
the primary terrain database then choose the SRTM option from the list
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Configuration of PL4 Step 15: Click on Setup Primary
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Configuration of PL4 Step 16: Screen appears on screen
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Configuration of PL4 Step 17: Go to Files\BIL-HDR-BLW option
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Configuration of PL4 Step 18: Browse the path for the SRTM Files, Select all the files
and click Open
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Configuration of PL4 Step 19: On screen We can see all the SRTM map details
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Configuration of PL4 Step 20: Close the Window, then click on Ok. Thus the SRTM
maps are set as our primary terrain database.
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Configuration of PL4 Step 21: similarly we can configure for

Edit K list
Language as preference
Fonts
Display Option
Directories for the Antenna and Radio for the particular project
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Part-II

Tx Planning Using PL4
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Tx Planning process Using PL4 is divided in
different modules

Summary
Terrain Data
Antenna Heights
Diffraction
Reflection
Multi-Path
Print Profile
Network
Map-Grid
Coverage
Notes
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Module1- Summary

In this Module we can see and change following details for a particular Hop,

Near End and Far End Site Id
Call Sign
Location
Azimuths (Auto Calculated)
Path Length (Auto Calculated)
Frequency
EIRP (Auto Calculated)
Free-Space Losses (Auto Calculated)
Radio Model
Antenna Model
Antenna Height
Polarization
TX and RX Loss
Rx Signal

All the mentioned details can be find out in a single Snapshot i.e. Summary Module
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Go to Modules and then summary Tab
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Module2- Network
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Network Module provides the geographic representation of the sites in the Network
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In this module we can define the legends for the existing and new Sites as well as for links
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In network module we can check and edit the Site list and Link list
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Step2 : Go to the site list under site data top down menu.
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Step3 : Under Edit we can add (or edit and delete) any single site.

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Step4: Site name ,call sign, Lat/long for a site can be fill up.
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Step5: After addition click ok to confirm the details
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Site is added in the site Database
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Step6 : Add 2
nd
site then ok .
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Step7 : After adding close the window(Ctrl+F4)
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Step 8: Draw a line from Near-End to Far-End site.

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Terrain data represent the AMSL variation on the LOS.
Under Terrain data Module terrain profile can be generated by using SRTM data file or manually
calibrated AMSL at different -2 points on the LOS .
Step 1 : Select the link for which you want to see the terrain view, then select the Terrain Module from Module
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Step2 : Go to the Generate profile under Operation .

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Terrain profile will generate with predefined distance increment (SRTM files must be selected)
Or manually collected AMSL at Different -2 points on the LOS.
Step3:
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Step3:Go to the Antenna Heights [under Optimize function PL4 celebrate the best possible
height of the Antenna at both the Antenna.]

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PL4 optimize the value of the Antenna at both the Ends
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Step4: Under Module select Print Profile
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Print Profile shows fresnel Zone clearance (required 100% for 1
st
zone and 60% for 2
nd
zone )
over the obstacles which comes on the LOS.

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Network file saved as *.gr4 in a selected location which directly can be open .
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Under Map Grid Module ,by Adding Background file network can
superimpose over the Map which helps to trace the location of the sites .
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Coverage Module shows the GSM signal strength with in a specified area
Depends upon clutter of the surrounding of the Site .It may be outdoor or indoor.
Coverage Module is Optional in the PL4 .0


Diffraction basically predict the Knife edge Loss on the Top portion of the
objects comes on the LOS.


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Under Multi-path ,Tx signal follows more than one path to reach the far-end antenna , may be in
Phase(0 Deg) or
180 Deg out of phase . If it is on phase then Rx signal will be constrictive if Tx out of phase than
It will be destructive (Signal looses its strength) .

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Gr4 network which already created can be open directly from its specified
location by using file then open function. After doing modification on the N/W this gr4 file
can be saved by save function on file menu.
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Merge in side File can be used to consolidate more then one gr4 network by selecting the
location of the 2
nd
network.
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All the Network can be export to the Map Info tab file by exporting Sites(mif) and Link(mif ) files.

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Exit: Under file menu at the bottom EXIT is for to come out from the entire
Network.

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Under print property we can directly take the printout of the current Network.
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Copy function is basically use to take the mirror image of the Network
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Print setup is use to adjust the Orientation ,Paper size and the fonts requirements
.


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Under page setup Margin ,Units( inches. millimeters) map scale and orientation can be
adjusted.
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The layers dialog box is accessed from the Network menu bar and displays both the site and link layers.
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Site layers are defined in the Site List and link layers are defined in the Link list.
The active site and link layers are set in this dialog box.
The active layer is always visible and is the default layer for the next site or link which is added to the
network.
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The Site List uses a standard grid data entry display
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Import: A site list can be created by importing Pathloss data files, text files, and sites
and links from a site database
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Import Pathloss Data File
Select Import - Pathloss File from the Site List menu bar. A Pathloss data file is imported as a
complete link.
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Import Text File
Select Import - Text File from the Site List menu bar. Define the field numbers for the site name,
call sign, latitude, longitude and elevation
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Import from the Site Database
Sites and links can be imported from the site database.


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MapInfo Import
Sites and Links can be imported in the MapInfo by Sites (mif) and link (mif) .
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Mark Sites :The mark site feature closes the site list and draws a 0.5 inch blue circle on the site
which was selected in the site list.
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Mark Sites: This is used to identify the location of a site on a network with a large number of sites.

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Edit: Hear we can do required changes on the site parameters like site name , Lat/ long., call sign.
.etc.

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Delete is used to delete the site from the site and link database.
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Transform coordinate: This function will transform the site list coordinates from the default datum
to a new datum.
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Report shows the total sites with there name along with Call Sign and Lat/Long
,Elevation.

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This feature simplifies operations on a large network and automates certain routine task such
as path profile generation and equipment data entry .
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Sub network operations
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Select Interference - Calculate Intra from the Network menu bar.
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Coordination Distance Interference is not calculated if the interfering path length is
greater than the specified coordination distance. Error log represent the error logged data in the
latest activity. We will define the value of Margined), minimum default interference value.
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HiLo Violation, site from which hop is emanating can be either high or low but it should be
same for all the Far End and Far End should be opposite to the near end.
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From the configure menu MW antenna codes , MW Radio codes should be attached.

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Summary report shows all the parametric values at the time of calculation of interference.
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Frequency spot selection :Right click on the link next Worksheet .
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Select the Channel next Lookup now we can chose the proper spot and assign them .To avoid
Hi Lo Violation we can swap the HI LO ID.
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Antenna selection will be done by selecting the Antenna next go to the lookup and select the proper
Antenna size. Depends upon the Hop Length.

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Radio files selection done by clicking the TR next go to the file and select the proper Radio
File (SDH /PDH) depends upon the E1 capacity.
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Transmission line losses selection done by selecting the feeder .

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Rain calculation done by click over the cloud .
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Select the proper Rain file depending upon the region .
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Path profile data and Geol-clim selection done on clicking the open space and next go to the Geo clim.
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Path classification, Probability dN/dh, Geoclimatic factor, water body selection all these done in these
section.

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Worksheet : Select the work sheet next go to the Antenna next select the code index chose the
Proper Antenna .
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Chose the proper antenna size by code index which depends on the Path Length.
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Transmission Lines loss will be mentioned hear.

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Radio : Depending upon the capacity(E1s) chose the appropriate radio model.
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Select the proper rain file. Depending upon the region.
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ITU- K region file selected
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Select the path profile data by selecting the MW path.
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Under Geo Climatic factor select the Path classification ,Water body selection and probability
dN/dH.
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From the Ch select the proper frequency spot allocated to the customer .
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Report : Select the report next go to the Full report .
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Full Report. : All the Link Budgeting data will be come in this report.. Under Link
Budgeting we will calculate the total losses and gains in the link according to that we will
adjust the parameters so that we can achieve the Good Rx level and availability.

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Thank You

ADA cellworks Transmission Team