People vs.

Bustinera
G.R. No. 148233. June 8, 2004.*
PEOPLE O !"E P"#L#PP#NE$, appellee, vs.
L%#$#!O &. B%$!#NER', appellant.
(ri)inal La*+ (ri)inal Pro,e-ure+ 'ppeals+
'n appeal in a ,ri)inal pro,ee-in. t/ro*s
t/e */ole ,ase open 0or revie*, an- it
1e,o)es t/e -ut2 o0 t/e appellate ,ourt to
,orre,t su,/ errors as )a2 1e 0oun- in t/e
3u-.)ent even i0 t/e2 /ave not 1een
spe,i4,all2 assi.ne-.5#t is settle- t/at an
appeal in a ,ri)inal pro,ee-in. t/ro*s t/e
*/ole ,ase open 0or revie*, an- it 1e,o)es
t/e -ut2 o0 t/e appellate ,ourt to ,orre,t
su,/ errors as )a2 1e 0oun- in t/e 3u-.)ent
even i0 t/e2 /ave not 1een spe,i4,all2
assi.ne-.
$a)e+ !/e0t+ Evi-en,e+ Ele)ents o0 t/e
(ri)e o0 !/e0t un-er 'rti,le 308 o0 t/e
Revise- Penal (o-e+ (ir,u)stan,es */i,/
6uali4es t/e (ri)e o0 !/e0t or Ro11er2.5!/e
ele)ents o0 t/e ,ri)e o0 t/e0t as provi-e- 0or
in 'rti,le 308 o0 t/e Revise- Penal (o-e are7
819 t/at t/ere 1e ta:in. o0 personal propert2+
829 t/at sai- propert2 1elon.s to anot/er+ 839
t/at t/e ta:in. 1e -one *it/ intent to .ain+
849 t/at t/e ta:in. 1e -one *it/out t/e
,onsent o0 t/e o*ner+ an- 8;9 t/at t/e ta:in.
1e a,,o)plis/e- *it/out t/e use o0 violen,e
a.ainst or inti)i-ation o0 persons or 0or,e
upon t/in.s. !/e0t is <uali4e- */en an2 o0
t/e 0ollo*in. ,ir,u)stan,es is present7 819
t/e t/e0t is ,o))itte- 12 a -o)esti,
servant+ 829 t/e t/e0t is ,o))itte- *it/
.rave a1use o0 ,on4-en,e+ 839 t/e propert2
stolen is eit/er a )otor ve/i,le, )ail )atter
or lar.e ,attle+ 849 t/e propert2 stolen
,onsists o0 ,o,onuts ta:en 0ro) t/e pre)ises
o0 a plantation+ 8;9 t/e propert2 stolen is 4s/
ta:en 0ro) a 4s/pon- or 4s/er2+ an- 8=9 t/e
propert2 *as ta:en on t/e o,,asion o0 4re,
eart/<ua:e, t2p/oon, vol,ani, eruption, or
an2 ot/er ,ala)it2, ve/i,ular a,,i-ent or ,ivil
-istur1an,e.
$a)e+ $a)e+ $a)e+ (arnappin.+ Ele)ents o0
(arnappin.+ (arnappin. is essentiall2 t/e
ro11er2 or t/e0t o0 a )otori>e- ve/i,le, t/e
,on,ept o0 unla*0ul ta:in. in t/e0t, ro11er2
an- ,arnappin. 1ein. t/e sa)e.5On t/e
ot/er /an-, $e,tion 2 o0 Repu1li, ',t No.
=;3?, as a)en-e- -e4nes @,arnappin.A as
@t/e ta:in., *it/ intent to .ain, o0 a )otor
ve/i,le 1elon.in. to anot/er *it/out t/e
latterBs ,onsent, or 12 )eans o0 violen,e
a.ainst or inti)i-ation o0 persons, or 12
usin. 0or,e upon t/in.s.A !/e ele)ents o0
,arnappin. are t/us7 819 t/e ta:in. o0 a
)otor ve/i,le */i,/ 1elon.s to anot/er+ 829
t/e ta:in. is *it/out t/e ,onsent o0 t/e
o*ner or 12 )eans o0 violen,e a.ainst or
inti)i-ation o0 persons or 12 usin. 0or,e
upon t/in.s+ an- 839 t/e ta:in. is -one *it/
intent to .ain. (arnappin. is essentiall2 t/e
ro11er2 or t/e0t o0 a )otori>e- ve/i,le, t/e
,on,ept o0 unla*0ul ta:in. in t/e0t, ro11er2
an- ,arnappin. 1ein. t/e sa)e.
$a)e+ $a)e+ $a)e+ !/e unla*0ul ta:in. o0
)otor ve/i,les is no* ,overe- 12 t/e antiC
,arnappin. la* an- not 12 t/e provisions on
<uali4e- t/e0t or ro11er2.5#n t/e 2000 ,ase
o0 People v. !an */ere t/e a,,use- too: a
Ditsu1is/i Gallant an- in t/e later ,ase o0
People v. Lo1itania */i,/ involve- t/e ta:in.
o0 a Ea)a/a )otori>e- tri,2,le, t/is (ourt
/el- t/at t/e unla*0ul ta:in. o0 )otor
ve/i,les is no* ,overe- 12 t/e antiC
,arnappin. la* an- not 12 t/e provisions on
<uali4e- t/e0t or ro11er2.
$a)e+ $a)e+ $a)e+ #ntent to .ain or ani)us
lu,ran-i is an internal a,t, presu)e- 0ro)
t/e unla*0ul ta:in. o0 t/e )otor ve/i,le+
',tual .ain is irrelevant as t/e i)portant
,onsi-eration is t/e intent to .ain+ !/e )ere
use o0 t/e t/in. */i,/ *as ta:en *it/out t/e
o*nerBs ,onsent ,onstitutes .ain.5#ntent to
.ain or ani)us lu,ran-i is an internal a,t,
presu)e- 0ro) t/e unla*0ul ta:in. o0 t/e
)otor ve/i,le. ',tual .ain is irrelevant as t/e
i)portant ,onsi-eration is t/e intent to .ain.
!/e ter) @.ainA is not )erel2 li)ite- to
pe,uniar2 1ene4t 1ut also in,lu-es t/e
1ene4t */i,/ in an2 ot/er sense )a2 1e
-erive- or eFpe,te- 0ro) t/e a,t */i,/ is
per0or)e-. !/us, t/e )ere use o0 t/e t/in.
*/i,/ *as ta:en *it/out t/e o*nerBs ,onsent
,onstitutes .ain.
'PPE'L 0ro) a -e,ision o0 t/e Re.ional !rial
(ourt o0 6ue>on (it2, Br. 21G.
!/e 0a,ts are state- in t/e Opinion o0 t/e
(ourt
!/e $oli,itor General 0or appellee.
Pu1li, 'ttorne2Bs OH,e 0or appellant.
('RP#OCDOR'LE$, J.7
ro) t/e -e,ision1 o0 t/e Re.ional !rial
(ourt, Bran,/ 21G, 6ue>on (it2 4n-in.
appellant Luisito &. Bustinera .uilt2 1e2on-
reasona1le -ou1t o0 <uali4e- t/e0t2 0or t/e
unla*0ul ta:in. o0 a &aeC
IIIIIIIIIIIIIII
1 Re,or-s at pp. ?0C?4.
2 'R!. 310. 6uali4e- t/e0t.5!/e ,ri)e o0
t/e0t s/all 1e punis/e- 12 t/e penalties neFt
/i./er 12 t*o -e.rees t/an t/ose
respe,tivel2 spe,i4e- in t/e neFt pre,e-in.
arti,le, i0 ,o))itte- 12 a -o)esti, servant,
or *it/ .rave a1use o0 ,on4-en,e, or i0 t/e
propert2 stolen is )otor ve/i,le, )ail )atter
or lar.e ,attle or ,onsists o0 ,o,onuts ta:en
0ro) t/e pre)ises o0 a plantation, 4s/ ta:en
0ro) a 4s/pon- or 4s/er2 or i0 propert2 is
ta:en on t/e o,,asion o0 4re, eart/<ua:e,
t2p/oon, vol,ani, eruption, or an2*oo Ra,er
G!E !aFi an- senten,in. /i) to suJer t/e
penalt2 o0 re,lusion perpetua, /e ,o)es to
t/is (ourt on appeal.
#n an in0or)ation3 -ate- June 1G, 1??G,
appellant *as in-i,te- as 0ollo*s7
@!/e un-ersi.ne- a,,uses L%#$#!O &.
B%$!#NER' o0 t/e ,ri)e o0 6uali4e- !/e0t,
,o))itte- as 0ollo*s7
@!/at on or a1out t/e 2;t/ -a2 o0 &e,e)1er
up to t/e ?t/ -a2 o0 Januar2, 1??G, in
6ue>on (it2, P/ilippines, t/e sai- a,,use-
1ein. t/en e)plo2e- as one Ko0L t/e taFi
&rivers o0 Elias $. (ipriano, an Operator o0
several taFi ,a1s *it/ 1usiness a--ress at
,orner 44 (o))on*ealt/ 'venue, ili)an
8si,9, t/is (it2, an- as su,/ /as 0ree a,,ess to
t/e taFi /e 1ein. -riven, -i- t/en an- t/ere
*ill0ull2, unla*0ull2 an- 0eloniousl2 *it/
intent to .ain, *it/ .rave a1use o0
,on4-en,e repose- upon /i) 12 /is
e)plo2er an- *it/out t/e :no*le-.e an-
,onsent o0 t/e o*ner t/ereo0, ta:e, steal an-
,arr2 a*a2 a &ae*oo Ra,er G!E !aFi *it/
Plate No. PM"C2== *ort/ P303,000.00,
P/ilippine (urren,2, 1elon.in. to Elias $.
(ipriano, to t/e -a)a.e an- pre3u-i,e o0 t/e
sai- oJen-e- part2 in t/e a)ount o0
P303,000.00.
@(ON!R'RE !O L'M.A
%pon arrai.n)ent4 on Dar,/ 2G, 2000,
appellant, assiste- 12 ,ounsel -e o4,io,
entere- a plea o0 not .uilt2. !/erea0ter, trial
on t/e )erits ensue-.
ro) t/e evi-en,e 0or t/e prose,ution, t/e
0ollo*in. version is esta1lis/e-.
$o)eti)e in 1??=, E-*in (ipriano 8(ipriano9,
*/o )ana.es E$( !ransport, t/e taFi,a1
1usiness o0 /is 0at/er, /ire- appellant as a
taFi -river an- assi.ne- /i) to -rive a
&ae*oo Ra,er *it/ plate nu)1er PM"C2==.
#t *as a.ree- t/at appellant *oul- -rive t/e
taFi 0ro) =700 a.). to 11700 p.)., a0ter
*/i,/ /e *oul- return it to E$( !ransportBs
.ara.e an- re)it t/e 1oun-ar2 0ee in t/e
a)ount o0 PG80.00 per -a2.;
On &e,e)1er 2;, 1??=, appellant a-)itte-l2
reporte- 0or *or: an- -rove t/e taFi, 1ut /e
-i- not return it on t/e sa)e -a2 as /e *as
suppose- to.
ot/er ,ala)it2, ve/i,ular a,,i-ent or ,ivil
-istur1an,e. 8E)p/asis an- un-ers,orin.
supplie-9
67 No*, Dr. Mitness, on &e,e)1er 2;, 1??=,
-i- 2ou report 0or *or:N
'7 Ees, sir.
67 No*, sin,e 2ou reporte- 0or *or:, */at
are 2our -uties an- responsi1ilities as taFi
-river o0 t/e taFi ,o)pan2N
'7 !/at *e /ave to 1rin. 1a,: t/e taFi at
ni./t *it/ t/e 1oun-ar2.
67 "o* )u,/ is 2our 1oun-ar2N
'7 PG80.00, sir.
67 On &e,e)1er 2;, 1??=, -i- 2ou 1rin. out
an2 taFiN
'7 Ees, sir.
67 No*, */en ever 8si,9 2ou 1rin. out a taFi,
*/at pro,e-ure K-oL 2ou 0ollo* *it/ t/at
,o)pan2N
'7 !/at *e /ave to 1rin. 1a,: t/e taFi to t/e
,o)pan2 an- 1e0ore *e leave *e also si.n
so)et/in., sir.
67 M/at is t/at so)et/in. 2ou )entione-N
'7 On t/e re,or- 1oo: an- on t/e -ail2 trip
ti,:et, sir.
67 Eou sai- t/at 2ou /ave to return 2our taFi
at t/e en- o0 t/e -a2, */at is t/en t/e
pro,e-ure reOe,t 8si,9 12 2our ,o)pan2
*/en 2ou return a taFiN
'7 !o re)it t/e 1oun-ar2 an- to si.n t/e
re,or- 1oo: an- -ail2 trip ti,:et.
67 $o, */en 2ou return t/e taFi, 2ou si.n t/e
re,or- 1oo:N
'7Ees, sir.
67 Eou )entione- t/at on &e,e)1er 2;,
1??=, 2ou 1rou./t out a taFiN
'7 Ees, sir.
67 M/at :in- o0 taFiN
'7 &ae*oo taFi, sir.
67 No* -i- 2ou return t/e taFi on &e,e)1er
2;, 1??=N
'7# *as not a1le to 1rin. 1a,: t/e taFi
1e,ause # *as s/ort o0 )2 1oun-ar2, sir.=
!/e 0ollo*in. -a2, &e,e)1er 2=, 1??=,
(ipriano *ent to appellantBs /ouse to
as,ertain */2 t/e taFi *as not returne-.G
'rrivin. at appellantBs /ouse, /e -i- not 4n-
t/e taFi t/ere, appellantBs *i0e tellin. /i)
t/at /er /us1an- /a- not 2et arrive-.8
Leavin. not/in. to ,/an,e, (ipriano *ent to
t/e (o))on*ealt/ 'venue poli,e station
an- reporte- t/at /is taFi *as )issin..?
On Januar2 ?, 1??G, appellantBs *i0e *ent to
t/e .ara.e o0 E$( !ransport an- reveale-
t/at t/e taFi /a- 1een a1an-one- in
Re.ala-o $treet, La.ro, 6ue>on (it2.10
(ipriano lost no ti)e in repairin. to Re.ala-o
$treet */ere /e re,overe- t/e taFi.11
%pon t/e ot/er /an-, */ile appellant -oes
not -en2 t/at /e -i- not return t/e taFi on
&e,e)1er 2;, 1??= as /e *as s/ort o0 t/e
1oun-ar2 0ee, /e ,lai)s t/at /e -i- not
a1an-on t/e taFi 1ut a,tuall2 returne- it on
Januar2 ;, 1??G+12 an- t/at on &e,e)1er
2G, 1??=, /e .ave t/e a)ount o0
P2,000.0013 to /is *i0e */o) /e instru,te-
to re)it t/e sa)e to (ipriano as pa2)ent o0
t/e 1oun-ar2 0ee14 an- to tell t/e latter t/at
/e ,oul- not return t/e taFi as /e still /a- a
1alan,e t/ereo0.1;
'ppellant, /o*ever, a-)its t/at /is *i0e
in0or)e- /i) t/at */en s/e *ent to t/e
.ara.e to re)it t/e 1oun-ar2 0ee on t/e ver2
sa)e -a2 8&e,e)1er 2G, 1??=9,1= (ipriano
*as alrea-2 -e)an-in. t/e return o0 t/e
taFi.1G
'ppellant )aintains t/ou./ t/at /e returne-
t/e taFi on Januar2 ;, 1??G an- si.ne- t/e
re,or- 1oo:,18 */i,/ *as ,o)pan2
pro,e-ure, to s/o* t/at /e in-ee- returne- it
an- .ave /is e)plo2er P2,;00.001? as
partial pa2)ent 0or t/e 1oun-ar2 0ee
,overin. t/e perio- 0ro) &e,e)1er 2;, 1??=
to Januar2 ;, 1??G.
(ontinuin., appellant ,lai)s t/at as /e still
/a- a 1alan,e in t/e 1oun-ar2 0ee, /e le0t /is
-riverBs li,ense *it/ (ipriano+20 t/at as /e
,oul- not -rive, */i,/ *as t/e onl2 *or: /e
/a- ever :no*n, *it/out /is -riverBs li,ense,
an- *it/ t/e o1li.ation to pa2 t/e
IIIIIIIIIIIIIII
1alan,e o0 t/e 1oun-ar2 0ee still lin.erin.,
/is *i0e starte- *or:in. on e1ruar2 18,
1??G as a sta2Cin )ai- 0or (ipriano, *it/ a
)ont/l2 salar2 o0 P1,300.00,21 until Dar,/
2=, 1??G */en (ipriano tol- /er t/at s/e /a-
*or:e- oJ t/e 1alan,e o0 /is o1li.ation+22
an- t/at *it/ /is o1li.ation eFtin.uis/e-, /is
-riverBs li,ense *as returne- to /i).23
Brus/in. asi-e appellantBs ,lai) t/at /e
returne- t/e taFi on Januar2 ;, 1??G an- t/at
/e /a- in 0a,t pai- t/e total a)ount o0
P4,;00.00, t/e trial ,ourt 0oun- /i) .uilt2
1e2on- reasona1le -ou1t o0 <uali4e- t/e0t
12 &e,ision o0 Da2 1G, 2001, t/e -ispositive
portion o0 */i,/ is <uote- ver1ati)7
@M"EREORE, 3u-.)ent is /ere12 ren-ere-
4n-in. a,,use- .uilt2 1e2on- reasona1le
-ou1t as ,/ar.e-, an- /e is a,,or-in.l2
senten,e- to suJer t/e penalt2 o0 Re,lusion
Perpetua an- to pa2 t/e ,osts.
@#n t/e servi,e o0 /is senten,e, a,,use- is
or-ere- ,re-ite- *it/ 0our40t/s 84P;9 o0 t/e
preventive i)prison)ent un-er.one 12 /i)
t/ere 1ein. no s/o*in. t/at /e a.ree- in
*ritin. to a1i-e 12 t/e sa)e -is,iplinar2
rules i)pose- upon ,onvi,te- prisoners.
@$O OR&ERE&.A24 8E)p/asis an- itali,s in
t/e ori.inal9
"en,e, t/e present appeal an,/ore- on t/e
0ollo*in. assi.ne- errors7
#.
!"E (O%R! ' 6%O GR'QELE ERRE& #N
(ON(L%&#NG M#!"O%! (ON(RE!E B'$#$
!"'! !"E '((%$E&C'PPELL'N! "'$ #N!EN!
!O G'#N M"EN "E '#LE& !O RE!%RN !"E
!'R# !O #!$ G'R'GE.
##.
!"E (O%R! ' 6%O GR'QELE ERRE& #N
#N&#NG '((%$E&C'PPELL'N! G%#L!E
BEEON& RE'$ON'BLE &O%B! O !"E (R#DE
O 6%'L##E& !"E!.2;
#t is settle- t/at an appeal in a ,ri)inal
pro,ee-in. t/ro*s t/e */ole ,ase open 0or
revie*, an- it 1e,o)es t/e -ut2 o0 t/e
appellate ,ourt to ,orre,t su,/ errors as )a2
1e 0oun- in t/e 3u-.)ent even i0 t/e2 /ave
not 1een spe,i4,all2 assi.ne-.2=
'ppellant *as ,onvi,te- o0 <uali4e- t/e0t
un-er 'rti,le 310 o0 t/e Revise- Penal (o-e,
as a)en-e- 0or t/e unla*0ul ta:in. o0 a
)otor ve/i,le. "o*ever, 'rti,le 310 /as
1een )o-i4e-, *it/ respe,t to ,ertain
ve/i,les
3urispru-en,e,32 as t/is (ourt eFplaine- in
(it2 o0 Na.a v. '.na,33 vi>.7
. . . M/en statutes are in pari )ateria, t/e
rule o0 statutor2 ,onstru,tion -i,tates t/at
t/e2 s/oul- 1e ,onstrue- to.et/er. !/is is
1e,ause ena,t)ents o0 t/e sa)e le.islature
on t/e sa)e su13e,t )atter are suppose- to
0or) part o0 one uni0or) s2ste)+ t/at later
statutes are supple)entar2 or
,o)pli)entar2 to t/e earlier ena,t)ents an-
in t/e passa.e o0 its a,ts t/e le.islature is
suppose- to /ave in )in- t/e eFistin.
le.islation on t/e sa)e su13e,t an- to /ave
ena,te- its ne* a,t *it/ re0eren,e t/ereto.
"avin. t/us in )in- t/e previous statutes
relatin. to t/e sa)e su13e,t )atter,
*/enever t/e le.islature ena,ts a ne* la*, it
is -ee)e- to /ave ena,te- t/e ne* provision
in a,,or-an,e *it/ t/e le.islative poli,2
e)1o-ie- in t/ose prior statutes unless t/ere
is an eFpress repeal o0 t/e ol- an- t/e2 all
s/oul- 1e ,onstrue- to.et/er. #n ,onstruin.
t/e) t/e ol- statutes relatin. to t/e sa)e
su13e,t )atter s/oul- 1e ,o)pare- *it/ t/e
ne* provisions an- i0 possi1le 12 reasona1le
,onstru,tion, 1ot/ s/oul- 1e so ,onstrue-
t/at eJe,t )a2 1e .iven to ever2 provision
o0 ea,/. "o*ever, */en t/e ne* provision
an- t/e ol- relatin. to t/e sa)e su13e,t
,annot 1e re,on,ile- t/e 0or)er s/all prevail
as it is t/e latter eFpression o0 t/e le.islative
*ill . . . 34 8E)p/asis an- itali,s supplie-+
,itations o)itte-9
!/e ele)ents o0 t/e ,ri)e o0 t/e0t as
provi-e- 0or in 'rti,le 308 o0 t/e Revise-
Penal (o-e are7 819 t/at t/ere 1e ta:in. o0
personal propert2+ 829 t/at sai- propert2
1elon.s to anot/er+ 839 t/at t/e ta:in. 1e
-one *it/ intent to .ain+ 849 t/at t/e ta:in.
1e -one *it/out t/e ,onsent o0 t/e o*ner+
an- 8;9 t/at t/e ta:in. 1e a,,o)plis/e-
*it/out t/e use o0 violen,e a.ainst or
inti)i-ation o0 persons or 0or,e upon
t/in.s.3;
!/e0t is <uali4e- */en an2 o0 t/e 0ollo*in.
,ir,u)stan,es is present7 819 t/e t/e0t is
,o))itte- 12 a -o)esti, servant+ 829 t/e
t/e0t is ,o))itte- *it/ .rave a1use o0
,on4-en,e+ 839 t/e propert2 stolen is eit/er a
)otor ve/i,le, )ail )atter or lar.e ,attle+ 849
t/e propert2 stolen ,onsists o0 ,o,onuts
ta:en 0ro) t/e pre)ises o0 a plantation+ 8;9
t/e propert2 stolen is 4s/ ta:en 0ro) a
4s/pon- or 4s/er2+ an- 8=9 t/e propert2 *as
ta:en on t/e o,,asion o0 4re, eart/<ua:e,
t2p/oon, vol,ani, eruption, or an2 ot/er
,ala)it2, ve/i,ular a,,i-ent or ,ivil
-istur1an,e.3=
On t/e ot/er /an-, $e,tion 2 o0 Repu1li, ',t
No. =;3?, as a)en-e- -e4nes @,arnappin.A
as @t/e ta:in., *it/ intent to .ain, o0 a )otor
ve/i,le 1elon.in. to anot/er *it/out t/e
latterBs ,onsent, or 12 )eans o0 violen,e
a.ainst or inti)i-ation o0 persons, or 12
usin. 0or,e upon t/in.s.A !/e ele)ents o0
,arnappin. are t/us7 819 t/e ta:in. o0 a
)otor ve/i,le */i,/ 1elon.s to anot/er+ 829
t/e ta:in. is *it/out t/e ,onsent o0 t/e
o*ner or 12 )eans o0 violen,e a.ainst or
inti)i-ation o0 persons or 12 usin. 0or,e
upon t/in.s+ an- 839 t/e ta:in. is -one *it/
intent to .ain.3G
(arnappin. is essentiall2 t/e ro11er2 or t/e0t
o0 a )otori>e- ve/i,le,38 t/e ,on,ept o0
unla*0ul ta:in. in t/e0t, ro11er2 an-
,arnappin. 1ein. t/e sa)e.3?
#n t/e 2000 ,ase o0 People v. !an40 */ere
t/e a,,use- too: a Ditsu1is/i Gallant an- in
t/e later ,ase o0 People v. Lo1itania41 */i,/
involve- t/e ta:in. o0 a Ea)a/a )otori>e-
tri,2,le, t/is (ourt /el- t/at t/e unla*0ul
ta:in. o0 )otor ve/i,les is no* ,overe- 12
t/e antiC,arnappin. la* an- not 12 t/e
provisions on <uali4e- t/e0t or ro11er2.
!/ere is no ar.uin. t/at t/e antiC,arnappin.
la* is a spe,ial la*, -iJerent 0ro) t/e ,ri)e
o0 ro11er2 an- t/e0t in,lu-e- in t/e Revise-
Penal (o-e. #t parti,ularl2 a--resses t/e
ta:in., *it/ intent to .ain, o0 a )otor ve/i,le
1elon.in. to anot/er *it/out t/e latterBs
,onsent, or 12 )eans o0 violen,e a.ainst or
inti)i-ation o0 persons, or 12 usin. 0or,e
upon t/in.s. But a ,are0ul ,o)parison o0 t/is
spe,ial la* *it/ t/e ,ri)es o0 ro11er2 an-
t/e0t rea-il2 reveals t/eir ,o))on 0eatures
an- ,/ara,teristi,s, to *it7 unla*0ul ta:in.,
intent to .ain, an- t/at personal propert2
1elon.in. to anot/er is ta:en *it/out t/e
latterBs ,onsent. "o*ever, t/e antiC
,arnappin. la* parti,ularl2 -eals *it/ t/e
t/e0t an- ro11er2 o0 )otor ve/i,les. "en,e a
)otor ve/i,le is sai- to /ave 1een
,arnappe- */en it /as 1een ta:en, *it/
intent to .ain, *it/out t/e o*nerBs ,onsent,
*/et/er t/e ta:in. *as -one *it/ or *it/out
t/e use o0 0or,e upon t/in.s. Mit/out t/e
antiC,arnappin. la*, su,/ unla*0ul ta:in. o0
a )otor ve/i,le *oul- 0all *it/in t/e purvie*
o0 eit/er t/e0t or ro11er2 */i,/ *as ,ertainl2
t/e ,ase 1e0ore t/e ena,t)ent o0 sai-
statute.42 8E)p/asis an- un-ers,orin.
supplie-+ ,itations o)itte-.9
#t is to 1e note-, /o*ever, t/at */ile t/e
antiC,arnappin. la* penali>es t/e unla*0ul
ta:in. o0 )otor ve/i,les, it eF,epts 0ro) its
,overa.e ,ertain ve/i,les su,/ as
roa-rollers, trolle2s, streets*eepers,
sprin:lers, la*n )o*ers, a)p/i1ian tru,:s
an- ,ranes i0 not use- on pu1li, /i./*a2s,
ve/i,les */i,/ run onl2 on rails an- tra,:s,
an- tra,tors, trailers an- tra,tor en.ines o0
all :in-s an- use- eF,lusivel2 0or a.ri,ultural
purposes. B2 i)pli,ation, t/e t/e0t or ro11er2
o0 t/e 0ore.oin. ve/i,les *oul- 1e ,overe-
12 'rti,le 310 o0 t/e Revise- Penal (o-e, as
a)en-e- an- t/e provisions on ro11er2,
respe,tivel2.43
IIIIIIIIIIIIIII
42 People vs. Lo1itania, 388 $(R' 41G, 432
820029+ People vs. !an, 323 $(R' 30, 3?
820009.
43 Qi-e #>on v. People, 10G $(R' 118, 123
81?819 */ere t/is (ourt sai- t/e 0ollo*in.7
ro) t/e -e4nition ,ite- 12 t/e Govern)ent
*/i,/ petitioners a-)it as aut/oritative,
/i./*a2s are al*a2s pu1li,, 0ree 0or t/e use
o0 ever2 person. !/ere is not/in. in t/e la*
t/at re<uires a li,ense to use a pu1li,
/i./*a2 to )a:e t/e ve/i,le a @)otor
ve/i,leA *it/in t/e -e4nition .iven t/e antiC
,arnappin. la*. #0 a ve/i,le uses t/e streets
*it/ or *it/out t/e re<uire- li,ense, sa)e
,o)es *it/in t/e prote,tion o0 t/e la*, 0or
t/e severit2 o0 t/e oJense is not to 1e
)easure- 12 */at :in- o0 streets or /i./*a2
t/e sa)e is use-+ 1ut 12 t/e ver2 nature o0
t/e ve/i,le itsel0 an- t/e use to */i,/ it is
-evote-. Ot/er*ise, ,ars usin. t/e streets
1ut still unli,ense- or unre.istere- as */en
t/e2 /ave 3ust 1een 1ou./t 0ro) t/e
,o)pan2, or onl2 on test runs, )a2 1e stolen
*it/out t/e penal san,tion o0 t/e antiC
,arnappin. statute, 1ut onl2 as si)ple
ro11er2 punis/a1le un-er t/e provision o0
t/e Revise- Penal (o-e. !/is o1viousl2, ,oul-
not /ave 1een t/e intention o0 t/e antiC
,arnappin. la*.
Goin. over t/e enu)erations o0 eF,epte-
ve/i,le, it *oul- rea-il2 1e note- t/at an2
ve/i,le */i,/ is )otori>e- usin. t/e streets
*/i,/ are pu1li,, not eF,lusivel2 0or private
use, ,o)es *it/in t/e ,on,ept o0 )otor
ve/i,le. ' tri,2,le */i,/ is not in,lu-e- in
t/e eF,eption, is t/us -ee)e- to 1e t/at :in-
o0 ro) t/e 0ore.oin., sin,e appellant is
1ein. a,,use- o0 t/e unla*0ul ta:in. o0 a
&ae*oo se-an, it is t/e antiC,arnappin. la*
an- not t/e provisions o0 <uali4e- t/e0t
*/i,/ *oul- appl2 as t/e sai- )otor ve/i,le
-oes not 0all *it/in t/e eF,eptions
)entione- in t/e antiC,arnappin. la*.
!/e -esi.nation in t/e in0or)ation o0 t/e
oJense ,o))itte- 12 appellant as one 0or
<uali4e- t/e0t not*it/stan-in., appellant
)a2 still 1e ,onvi,te- o0 t/e ,ri)e o0
,arnappin.. or */ile it is ne,essar2 t/at t/e
statutor2 -esi.nation 1e state- in t/e
in0or)ation, a )ista:e in t/e ,aption o0 an
in-i,t)ent in -esi.natin. t/e ,orre,t na)e
o0 t/e oJense is not a 0atal -e0e,t as it is not
t/e -esi.nation t/at is ,ontrollin. 1ut t/e
0a,ts alle.e- in t/e in0or)ation */i,/
-eter)ines t/e real nature o0 t/e ,ri)e.44
#n t/e ,ase at 1ar, t/e in0or)ation alle.es
t/at appellant, *it/ intent to .ain, too: t/e
taFi o*ne- 12 (ipriano *it/out t/e latterBs
,onsent.4; !/us, t/e in-i,t)ent alle.es
ever2 ele)ent o0 t/e ,ri)e o0 ,arnappin.,4=
an- t/e prose,ution prove- t/e sa)e.
IIIIIIIIIIIIIII
)otor ve/i,le as -e4ne- in t/e la* t/e
stealin. o0 */i,/ ,o)es *it/in its penal
san,tion. 8E)p/asis an- itali,s supplie-9
44 People vs. BaliC1alita, 340 $(R' 4;0, 4=?
820009+ People vs. Bani/it, 33? $(R' 8=, ?4
820009+ People vs. Ela)paro, 32? $(R' 404,
41= 820009+ People vs. &ia>, 320 $(R' 1=8,
1G; 81???9.
4; Re,or-s at pp. 1C2.
4= #t s/oul- 1e note- t/at appellant ,annot
1e ,/ar.e- *it/ esta0a as it *as not alle.e-
in t/e in0or)ation t/at /e /a- 3uri-i,al
possession o0 t/e )otor ve/i,le. #n $antos v.
People, 181 $(R' 48G, 4?2 81??09, t/is (ourt
-istin.uis/e- 1et*een t/e0t an- esta0a to
*it7
!/e0t s/oul- not 1e ,on0use- *it/ esta0a.
',,or-in. to (/ie0 Justi,e Ra)on (. '<uino
in /is 1oo: on t/e Revise- Penal (o-e, @!/e
prin,ipal -istin,tion 1et*een t/e t*o ,ri)es
is t/at in t/e0t t/e t/in. is ta:en */ile in
esta0a t/e a,,use- re,eives t/e propert2 an-
,onverts it to /is o*n use or 1ene4t.
"o*ever, t/ere )a2 1e t/e0t even i0 t/e
a,,use- /as possession o0 t/e propert2. #0 /e
*as entruste- onl2 *it/ t/e )aterial or
p/2si,al 8natural9 or -e 0a,to possession o0
t/e t/in., /is )isappropriation o0 t/e sa)e
,onstitutes t/e0t, 1ut i0 /e /as t/e 3uri-i,al
possession o0 t/e t/in., /is ,onversion o0 t/e
sa)e ,onstitutes e)1e>>le)ent or esta0a.
8E)p/asis an- itali,s supplie-+ ,itation
o)itte-9
Doreover, in People v. #saa,, ?= P/il. ?31
81?;;9, t/is (ourt ,onvi,te- a 3eepne2 -river
o0 t/e0t an- not esta0a */en /e -i- not
return t/e 3eepne2 to its o*ner sin,e t/e
)otor ve/i,le *as in t/e 3uri-i,al possession
2?;
QOL. 431, J%NE 8, 2004
2?;
People vs. Bustinera
'ppellantBs appeal is t/us 1ere0t o0 )erit.
!/at appellant 1rou./t out t/e taFi on
&e,e)1er 2;, 1??= an- -i- not return it on
t/e sa)e -a2 as /e *as suppose- to is
a-)itte-.4G
%nla*0ul ta:in., or apo-era)iento, is t/e
ta:in. o0 t/e )otor ve/i,le *it/out t/e
,onsent o0 t/e o*ner, or 12 )eans o0
violen,e a.ainst or inti)i-ation o0 persons,
or 12 usin. 0or,e upon t/in.s+ it is -ee)e-
,o)plete 0ro) t/e )o)ent t/e oJen-er
.ains possession o0 t/e t/in., even i0 /e /as
no opportunit2 to -ispose o0 t/e sa)e.48
M/ile t/e nature o0 appellantBs possession o0
t/e taFi *as initiall2 la*0ul as /e *as /ire-
as a taFi -river an- *as entruste-
possession t/ereo0, /is a,t o0 not returnin. it
to its o*ner, */i,/ is ,ontrar2 to ,o)pan2
pra,ti,e an- a.ainst t/e o*nerBs ,onsent
trans0or)e- t/e ,/ara,ter o0 t/e possession
into an unla*0ul one.4? 'ppellant /i)sel0
a-)its t/at /e *as a*are t/at /is possession
o0 t/e taFi *as no lon.er *it/ (iprianoBs
,onsent as t/e latter *as alrea-2 -e)an-in.
its return.
67
'lso 2ou sai- t/at -urin. 2our -ire,t
testi)on2 t/at */en 2ou .ave 2our *i0e t/e
P2,;00.00, 2ou also tol- /er to .o to t/e
,o)pan2 to as: t/e ,o)pan2 0or per)ission
0or 2ou to use t/e taFi sin,e 2ou *ere t/en
still s/ort o0 t/e 1oun-ar2. 'lri./t, a0ter
tellin. t/at to 2our *i0e an- a0ter seein. 2our
*i0e 1et*een &e,e)1er 2G, 1??= an-
Januar2 ;, 1??G, -i- 2ou as: 2our *i0e */at
*as t/e ans*er o0 t/e ,o)pan2 to t/at
re<uest o0 2oursN
'7
"e -i- not allo* )e, sir, an- /e even K.otL
an.r2 *it/ )e.
IIIIIIIIIIIIIII
o0 its o*ner, alt/ou./ p/2si,all2 /el- 12 t/e
-river. !/e (ourt reasone- t/at t/e a,,use-
*as not a lessee or /irer o0 t/e 3eepne2
1e,ause t/e Pu1li, $ervi,e La* an- its
re.ulations pro/i1it a )otor ve/i,le operator
0ro) enterin. into an2 :in- o0 ,ontra,t *it/
an2 person i0 12 t/e ter)s t/ereo0 it allo*s
t/e use an- operation o0 all or an2 o0 /is
e<uip)ent un-er a 4Fe- rental 1asis. !/e
,ontra,t *it/ t/e a,,use- 1ein. un-er t/e
@1oun-ar2 s2ste),A le.all2, t/e a,,use- *as
not a lessee 1ut onl2 an e)plo2ee o0 t/e
o*ner. !/us, t/e a,,use-Bs possession o0 t/e
ve/i,le *as onl2 an eFtension o0 t/e o*nerBs.
4G !$N, O,to1er ?, 2000 at pp. ;C8.
48 People vs. Ellasos, 3;8 $(R' ;1=, ;2G
820019.
4? Qi-e People v. #saa,, supra, */ere t/is
(ourt ,onvi,te- #saa,, */o *as /ire- as a
te)porar2 -river o0 a pu1li, servi,e ve/i,le5
a 3eepne25o0 t/e ,ri)e o0 t/e0t */en /e -i-
not return t/e sa)e.
2?=
2?=
$%PREDE (O%R! REPOR!$ 'NNO!'!E&
People vs. Bustinera
67
$o, */en -i- 2ou learn t/at t/e ,o)pan2
*as not a.reea1le to 2our )a:in. use o0 t/e
taFi,a1 *it/out 4rst returnin. it to t/e
,o)pan2N
'7
Be0ore t/e ne* 2ear, sir.
67
M/en 2ou sai- ne* 2ear, 2ou *ere re0errin.
to Januar2 1, 1??GN
'7
Eit/er &e,e)1er 2? or &e,e)1er 30, 1??=,
sir.
67
$o, are 2ou tellin. us t/at even i0 2ou :ne*
alrea-2 t/at t/e ,o)pan2 *as not a.reea1le
to 2our )a:in. use o0 t/e taFi,a1 ,ontinuall2
8si,9 *it/out returnin. t/e sa)e to t/e
,o)pan2, 2ou still *ent a/ea- an- )a:e
8si,9 use o0 it an- returne- it onl2 on Januar2
;, 1??G.
'7
Ees, sir.;0 8E)p/asis an- itali,s supplie-9
'ppellant assails t/e trial ,ourtBs ,on,lusion
t/at t/ere *as intent to .ain *it/ t/e )ere
ta:in. o0 t/e taFi *it/out t/e o*nerBs
,onsent. "e )aintains t/at /is reason 0or
0ailin. to return t/e taFi *as /is ina1ilit2 to
re)it t/e 1oun-ar2 0ee, /is earnin.s t/at -a2
not /avin. per)itte- it+ an- t/at t/ere *as
no intent to .ain sin,e t/e ta:in. o0 t/e taFi
*as not per)anent in ,/ara,ter, /e /avin.
returne- it.
'ppellantBs position -oes not persua-e.
#ntent to .ain or ani)us lu,ran-i is an
internal a,t, presu)e- 0ro) t/e unla*0ul
ta:in. o0 t/e )otor ve/i,le.;1 ',tual .ain is
irrelevant as t/e i)portant ,onsi-eration is
t/e intent to .ain.;2 !/e ter) @.ainA is not
)erel2 li)ite- to pe,uniar2 1ene4t 1ut also
in,lu-es t/e 1ene4t */i,/ in an2 ot/er sense
)a2 1e -erive- or eFpe,te- 0ro) t/e a,t
*/i,/ is per0or)e-.;3 !/us, t/e )ere use o0
t/e t/in. */i,/ *as ta:en *it/out t/e
o*nerBs ,onsent ,onstitutes .ain.;4
#n Qilla,orta v. #nsuran,e (o))ission;;
*/i,/ *as reiterate- in 'sso,iation o0
Baptists 0or Morl- Evan.elis), #n,. v.
iel-)enBs #nsuran,e (o., #n,.,;= Justi,e
(lau-io !ee/an:ee 8later (/ie0 Justi,e9,
interpretin. t/e t/e0t ,lause o0 an insuran,e
poli,2, eFplaine- t/at, */en one ta:es t/e
)otor ve/i,le o0 anot/er *it/out t/e latterBs
,onsent even i0 t/e )otor ve/i,le is later
returne-, t/ere is t/e0t, t/ere 1ein. intent to
.ain as t/e use o0 t/e t/in. unla*0ull2 ta:en
,onstitutes .ain7
'ssu)in., -espite t/e totall2 ina-e<uate
evi-en,e, t/at t/e ta:in. *as @te)porar2A
an- 0or a @3o2 ri-e,A t/e (ourt sustains as t/e
1etter vie*;G t/at */i,/ /ol-s t/at */en a
person, eit/er *it/ t/e o13e,t o0 .oin. to a
,ertain pla,e, or learnin. /o* to -rive, or
en3o2in. a 0ree ri-e, ta:es possession o0 a
ve/i,le 1elon.in. to anot/er, *it/out t/e
,onsent o0 its o*ner, /e is .uilt2 o0 t/e0t
1e,ause 12 ta:in. possession o0 t/e personal
IIIIIIIIIIIIIII
;; 100 $(R' 4=G 81?809.
;= 124 $(R' =18, =20C=21 81?839.
;G ',,or-in. to Justi,e loren> Re.ala-o K.
REG'L'&O, (R#D#N'L L'M (ON$PE(!%$
;43C;44 820039L, /istori,all2, opinion as to
*/et/er or not t/e unla*0ul ta:in. o0 t/e
personal propert2 1elon.in. to anot/er )ust
1e ,ouple- *it/ t/e intent o0 t/e oJen-er to
per)anentl2 -eprive t/e o*ner o0 t/e sai-
propert2 /as 1een -ivi-e-7
#n one ro11er2 ,ase, it *as /el- t/at t/ere
)ust 1e per)anen,2 in t/e ta:in., or in t/e
intent 0or t/e asportation, o0 t/e stolen
propert2 8People v. S/o (/o,, (', ;0 O.G.
1==G9.
#n several t/e0t ,ases, t/ere *ere -ivi-e-
opinions, one line o0 ,ases /ol-in. t/at t/e
intent o0 t/e ta:in. *as to per)anentl2
-eprive t/e o*ner t/ereo0 8People v. Galan.,
(', 43 O.G. ;GG+ People v. Ri,o, (', ;0 O.G.
3103, ,0. People v. RoFas, ('CG.R. No. 14?;3,
O,t. 31, 1?;=9. !/e ,ontrar2 .roup o0 ,ases
ar.ue- t/at t/ere *as no nee- 0or
per)anen,2 in t/e ta:in. or in its intent, as
t/e )ere -istur1an,e o0 t/e proprietar2
ri./ts o0 t/e o*ner *as alrea-2
apo-era)iento 8People v. ernan-e>, (', 38
O.G. ?8;+ People v. Dartisano, (', 48 O.G.
441G9.
!/e se,on- line o0 ,ases /ol-in. t/at t/ere
nee- 1e no intent to per)anentl2 -eprive
t/e o*ner o0 /is propert2 *as later a-opte-
12 t/e $upre)e (ourt, in ,onstruin. t/e t/e0t
,lause in an insuran,e poli,2, an- rulin. t/at
t/ere *as ,ri)inal lia1ilit2 0or t/e0t even i0
t/e ,ar *as ta:en out onl2 0or a 3o2ri-e 1ut
*it/out t/e o*nerBs :no*le-.e or ,onsent.
8Qilla,orta v. #nsuran,e (o))., et al., G.R.
No. ;41G1, O,t. 28, 1?80, 100 $(R' 4=G+
'ssBn o0 Baptists 0or Morl- Evan.elis) v.
iel-)enBs #ns. (o., #n,., G.R. No. LC28GG2,
$ept. 21, 1?83, 124 $(R' =189. 8E)p/asis
supplie-9
propert2 1elon.in. to anot/er an- usin. it,
/is intent to .ain is evi-ent sin,e /e -erives
t/ere0ro) utilit2, satis0a,tion, en3o2)ent an-
pleasure. Justi,e Ra)on (. '<uino ,ites in /is
*or: Groi>ar- */o /ol-s t/at t/e use o0 a
t/in. ,onstitutes .ain an- (uello (alon */o
,alls it @/urt -e uso.A;8 8E)p/asis an- itali,s
supplie-+ ,itation o)itte-9
Besi-es, t/e trial ,ourt -i- not 1elieve
appellantBs ,lai) t/at /e in 0a,t returne- t/e
taFi on Januar2 ;, 1??G.
!/e (ourt ,an not 8si,9 1elieve a,,use-Bs
assertion t/at /e returne- t/e su13e,t
ve/i,le on Januar2 ;, 1??G to t/e .ara.e an-
t/at /e /a- in 0a,t pai- t/e a)ount o0
P4,;00.00 in partial pa2)ent o0 /is
unre)itte- @1oun-ar2A 0or ten 8109 -a2s. "e
,oul- not even 1e ,ertain o0 t/e eFa,t
a)ount /e alle.e-l2 pai- t/e taFi,a1 o*ner.
On -ire,tCeFa)ination, /e ,lai)e- t/at /e
pai- E-*in (ipriano on &e,e)1er 2G, 1??=
t/e a)ount o0 P2,000.00 an- it *as /is *i0e
*/o /an-e- sai- a)ount to (ipriano, 2et on
,rossCeFa)ination, /e ,lai)e- t/at /e .ave
P2,;00.00 to /is *i0e on t/at -ate 0or
pa2)ent to t/e taFi,a1 o*ner.;?
!/e rule is *ellCentren,/e- t/at 4n-in.s o0
0a,t o0 t/e trial ,ourt are a,,or-e- t/e
/i./est -e.ree o0 respe,t an- *ill not 1e
-istur1e- on appeal a1sent an2 ,lear
s/o*in. t/at t/e trial ,ourt /a- overloo:e-,
)isun-erstoo- or )isapplie- so)e 0a,ts or
,ir,u)stan,es o0 *ei./t an- si.ni4,an,e
*/i,/, i0 ,onsi-ere-, *oul- alter t/e result o0
t/e ,ase.=0 !/e reason 0or t/e rule 1ein.
t/at trial ,ourts /ave t/e -istin,t a-vanta.e
o0 /avin. /ear- t/e *itnesses t/e)selves
an- o1serve- t/eir -eport)ent an- )anner
o0 testi02in. or t/eir ,on-u,t an- 1e/avior
-urin. t/e trial.=1
Ot/er t/an /is 1are an- sel0Cservin.
alle.ations, appellant /as not s/o*n an2
s,intilla o0 evi-en,e t/at /e in-ee- returne-
t/e taFi on Januar2 ;, 1??G.
67
Eou sai- t/at 2ou returne- t/e taFi on
Januar2 ;, 1??G, ,orre,tN
'7
Ees, sir.
67
No*, Dr. Mitness, -i- 2ou si.n an2 re,or-
*/en 2ou returne- t/e taFiN
'7
Ees, sir.
67
&o 2ou /ave an2 ,op2 o0 t/at re,or-N
'7
!/e2 *ere t/e one 8si,9 inC,/ar.e o0 t/e
re,or- 1oo: an- # even voluntaril2 le0t )2
-riverBs li,ense *it/ t/e), sir.
67
Eou sai- t/at 2ou -i- not return t/e taFi
1e,ause 2ou *ere s/ort o0 8si,9 1oun-ar2,
-i- 2ou turn over an2 )one2 to 2our
e)plo2er */en 2ou returne- t/e taFiN
'7
# .ave t/e) KanL a--itional P2,;00.00, sir.
67
't t/e ti)e */en 2ou returne- t/e taFi, /o*
)u,/ *as 2our s/ort in-e1te-ness 8si,9 or
s/ort 1oun-ar2 8si,9N
'7
# *as s/ort 0or ten 8109 -a2s, an- # *as a1le
to pa2 P4,;00.00.
67
&o 2ou /ave an2 re,eipt to s/o* re,eipt o0
pa2)ent 0or t/is P4,;00.00N
'7
!/e2 *ere t/e ones /avin. t/e re,or- o0 )2
pa2)ent, an- our a.ree)ent *as t/at # /ave
to pa2 t/e 1alan,e in install)ent.=2
8E)p/asis supplie-9
M/ile appellant )aintains t/at /e si.ne- on
Januar2 ;, 1??G t/e re,or- 1oo: in-i,atin.
t/at /e returne- t/e taFi on t/e sai- -ate
an- pai- (ipriano t/e a)ount o0 P4,;00.00
as partial pa2)ent 0or t/e 1oun-ar2 0ee,
appellant -i- not pro-u,e t/e -o,u)entar2
evi-en,e allu-e- to, to su1stantiate /is
,lai). !/at su,/ alle.e- re,or- 1oo: is in t/e
possession o0 (ipriano -i- not prevent /i)
0ro) pro-u,in. it as appellant /as t/e ri./t
to /ave ,o)pulsor2 pro,ess issue- to se,ure
t/e pro-u,tion o0 evi-en,e on /is 1e/al0.=3
IIIIIIIIIIIIIII
=3 R%LE$ O (O%R!, Rule 11;, se,. 1, par.
8.9+ Qi-e People v. Mool,o,:, 244 $(R' 23;,
2;;C2;= 81??;9, */ere t/is (ourt sai- t/e
0ollo*in.7
Just li:e appellant Millia)s, s/e sou./t to
1uttress /er a0oresai- ,ontention 12
la)entin. t/e alle.e- 0ailure o0 t/e $tate to
present in t/e trial ,ourt /er 1a..a.e
-e,laration an- t/e ,on4s,ation re,eipt
involvin. t/ese pie,es o0 /er 1a..a.e. #n t/e
4rst pla,e, it *as not t/e -ut2 o0 t/e
prose,ution to present t/ese alle.e-
-o,u)ents on */i,/ s/e relies 0or /er
-e0ense. 'n-, 3ust as in t/e ,ase o0 appellant
Millia)s, it is a sour,e o0 pu>>le)ent */2
s/e never sou./t to ,o)pel eit/er t/e
prose,utors to pro-u,e t/e a0oresai-
-o,u)ents */i,/ *ere alle.e-l2 in t/e
possession o0 t/e latter or t/e ,usto)s oH,e
*/ere su,/ -e,larations are on 4le. (ontrar2
to /er ar.u)ent /ereon, sin,e su,/ pie,es o0
evi-en,e *ere e<uall2 availa1le to 1ot/
parties i0 sou./t 12
!/e trial ,ourt /avin. ,onvi,te- appellant o0
<uali4e- t/e0t instea- o0 ,arnappin., it erre-
in t/e i)position o0 t/e penalt2. M/ile t/e
in0or)ation alle.es t/at t/e ,ri)e *as
atten-e- *it/ .rave a1use o0 ,on4-en,e, t/e
sa)e ,annot 1e appre,iate- as t/e
suppletor2 eJe,t o0 t/e Revise- Penal (o-e
to spe,ial la*s, as provi-e- in 'rti,le 10 o0
sai- (o-e, ,annot 1e invo:e- */en t/ere is a
le.al i)possi1ilit2 o0 appli,ation, eit/er 12
eFpress provision or 12 ne,essar2
i)pli,ation.=4
Doreover, */en t/e penalties un-er t/e
spe,ial la* are -iJerent 0ro) an- are *it/out
re0eren,e or relation to t/ose un-er t/e
Revise- Penal (o-e, t/ere ,an 1e no
suppletor2 eJe,t o0 t/e rules, 0or t/e
appli,ation o0 penalties un-er t/e sai- (o-e
or 12 ot/er relevant statutor2 provisions are
1ase- on or appli,a1le onl2 to sai- rules 0or
0elonies un-er t/e (o-e.=;
!/us, in People v. Pani-a== */i,/ involve-
t/e ,ri)e o0 ,arnappin. an- t/e penalt2
i)pose- *as t/e in-eter)inate senten,e o0
14 2ears an- 8 )ont/s, as )ini)u), to 1G
2ears an- 4 )ont/s, as )aFi)u), t/is (ourt
-i- not appl2 t/e provisions o0 t/e Revise-
Penal (o-e suppletoril2 as t/e antiC
,arnappin. la* provi-es 0or its o*n penalties
*/i,/ are -istin,t an- *it/out re0eren,e to
t/e sai- (o-e.
!/e ,/ar.e 1ein. si)ple ,arnappin., t/e
i)posa1le penalt2 is i)prison)ent 0or not
less t/an 14 2ears an- 8 )ont/s an- not
)ore t/an 1G 2ears an- 4 )ont/s. !/ere ,an
1e no suppletor2 eJe,t o0 t/e rules 0or t/e
appli,ation o0 penalties un-er t/e Revise-
Penal (o-e or 12 ot/er relevant statutor2
provisions 1ase- on, or appli,a1le onl2 to,
t/e rules 0or 0elonies un-er t/e (o-e. M/ile it
is true t/at t/e penalt2 o0 14 2ears an- 8
)ont/s to 1G 2ears an- 4 )ont/s is virtuall2
e<uivalent to t/e -uration o0 t/e )e-iu)
perio- o0 re,lusion te)poral, su,/ te,/ni,al
ter) un-er t/e Revise- Penal (o-e is not
.iven to t/at penalt2 0or ,arnappin..
Besi-es, t/e ot/er penalties 0or ,arnappin.
atten-e- 12 t/e <uali02in. ,ir,u)stan,es
state- in t/e la* -o not ,orrespon- to t/ose
in t/e (o-e. !/e rules on penalties
IIIIIIIIIIIIIII
in t/e (o-e, t/ere0ore, ,annot suppletoril2
appl2 to Repu1li, ',t No. =;3? an- spe,ial
la*s o0 t/e sa)e 0or)ulation. or t/is
reason, *e /ol- t/at t/e proper penalt2 to 1e
i)pose- on ea,/ o0 a,,use-Cappellants is an
in-eter)inate senten,e o0 14 2ears an- 8
)ont/s, as )ini)u), to 1G 2ears an- 4
)ont/s, as )aFi)u).=G 8E)p/asis an-
itali,s supplie-+ ,itations o)itte-9
'ppellant 1ein. t/en ,ulpa1le 0or ,arnappin.
un-er t/e 4rst ,lause o0 $e,tion 14 o0
Repu1li, ',t No. =;3?, as a)en-e-, t/e
i)posa1le penalt2 is i)prison)ent 0or not
less t/an 14 2ears an- 8 )ont/s, not )ore
t/an 1G 2ears an- 4 )ont/s,=8 0or, as
-is,usse-
IIIIIIIIIIIIIII
=G #-., at pp. ??C100. #t s/oul- 1e note-,
/o*ever, t/at t/e passa.e o0 Repu1li, ',t
No. G=;?, ot/er*ise :no*n as @'N '(! !O
#DPO$E !"E &E'!" PEN'L!E ON (ER!'#N
"E#NO%$ (R#DE$, 'DEN&#NG OR !"'!
P%RPO$E !"E REQ#$E& PEN'L (O&E, '$
'DEN&E&, O!"ER $PE(#'L PEN'L L'M$,
'N& OR O!"ER P%RPO$E$,A intro-u,e-
t/ree a)en-)ents to t/e antiC,arnappin.
la*7 819 t/e ,/an.e o0 t/e penalt2 o0 li0e
i)prison)ent to re,lusion perpetua, 829 t/e
in,lusion o0 rape, an- 839 t/e ,/an.e o0 t/e
p/rase @in t/e ,o))ission o0 t/e
,arnappin.A to @in t/e ,ourse o0 t/e
,o))ission o0 t/e ,arnappin. or on t/e
o,,asion t/ereo0.A KPeople vs. Lata2a-a, G.R.
No. 14=8=;, e1ruar2 18, 2004, 423 $(R'
23G+ People v. $antos, supra at p. 333+
People vs. Para)il, 32? $(R' 4;=, 4=4
820009+ People vs. De3ia, 2G; $(R' 12G, 1;3
81??G9L Mit/ t/e a)en-)ent o0 t/e penalt2
to li0e i)prison)ent to re,lusion perpetua,
t/e provisions o0 t/e Revise- Penal (o-e ,an
1e suppletoril2 applie- in <uali4e-
,arnappin. or ,arnappin. in an a..ravate-
0or) as -e4ne- in $e,tion 14 o0 Repu1li, ',t
No. =;3?, as a)en-e- 12 $e,tion 20 o0
Repu1li, ',t No. G=;?5*/enever t/e o*ner,
-river or o,,upant o0 t/e ,arnappe- ve/i,le
is :ille- in t/e ,ourse o0 t/e ,o))ission o0
t/e ,arnappin. or on t/e o,,asion t/ereo0. #n
People v. $i)on K234 $(R' ;;;, ;G4 81??49L,
t/is (ourt sai- t/at */en an oJense is
-e4ne- an- punis/e- un-er a spe,ial la* 1ut
its penalt2 is ta:en 0ro) t/e Revise- Penal
(o-e, t/en t/e provisions o0 t/e sai- (o-e
*oul- appl2 suppletoril2. #n t/e ,ase at 1ar
/o*ever, appellant is not 1ein. ,/ar.e- *it/
<uali4e- or a..ravate- ,arnappin., 1ut onl2
,arnappin. un-er t/e 4rst ,lause o0 t/e antiC
,arnappin. la*. $in,e t/e i)posa1le penalt2
is i)prison)ent 0or not less t/an 14 2ears
an- 8 )ont/s an- not )ore t/an 1G 2ears
an- 4 )ont/s, t/e provisions o0 t/e Revise-
Penal (o-e ,annot 1e applie- suppletoril2.
=8 $E(. 14. Penalt2 0or (arnappin..5'n2
person */o is 0oun- .uilt2 o0 ,arnappin., as
t/is ter) is -e4ne- in $e,tion !*o o0 t/is ',t,
s/all, irrespe,tive o0 t/e value o0 )otor
ve/i,le ta:en, 1e punis/e- 12 i)prison)ent
0or not less t/an 0ourteen 2ears an- ei./t
)ont/s an- not )ore t/an seventeen 2ears
an- 0our )ont/s, */en t/e ,arnappin. is
,o))itte- *it/out violen,e or inti)i-ation
o0 persons, or 0or,e upon t/in.s, an- 12
i)prison)ent 0or not less t/an sev
302
302
$%PREDE (O%R! REPOR!$ 'NNO!'!E&
People vs. Bustinera
a1ove, t/e provisions o0 t/e Revise- Penal
(o-e ,annot 1e applie- suppletoril2 an-,
t/ere0ore, t/e alle.e- a..ravatin.
,ir,u)stan,e o0 .rave a1use o0 ,on4-en,e
,annot 1e appre,iate-.
'ppl2in. $e,tion 1 o0 ',t No. 4103,=? as
a)en-e-, ot/er*ise :no*n as t/e
#n-eter)inate $enten,e La*, i0 t/e oJense is
punis/a1le 12 a spe,ial la*, t/e ,ourt s/all
senten,e t/e a,,use- to an in-eter)inate
senten,e, t/e )aFi)u) ter) o0 */i,/ s/all
not eF,ee- t/e )aFi)u) 4Fe- 12 sai- la*
an- t/e )ini)u) ter) s/all not 1e less t/an
t/e )ini)u) pres,ri1e- 12 t/e sa)e5t/e
penalt2 i)pose- 1ein. a ran.e.G0
M"EREORE, t/e 3u-.)ent o0 t/e Re.ional
!rial (ourt o0 6ue>on (it2, Bran,/ 21G, in
(ri) (ase No. 6C?GCG1?;=, 4n-in. appellant
Luisito &. Bustinera .uilt2 1e2on- reasona1le
-ou1t o0 <uali4e- t/e0t, is REQER$E& an-
$E! '$#&E, an- anot/er 3u-.)ent entere- in
its pla,e, 4n-in. /i) .uilt2 1e2on-
reasona1le -ou1t o0 t/e ,ri)e o0 ,arnappin.
un-er Repu1li, ',t No. =;3?, as a)en-e-
an- senten,in. /i) to an in-eter)inate
penalt2 o0 ourteen 8149 Eears an- Ei./t 889
Dont/s, as )ini)u), to $eventeen 81G9
Eears an- our 849 Dont/s, as )aFi)u).
IIIIIIIIIIIIIII
enteen 2ears an- 0our )ont/s an- not )ore
t/an t/irt2 2ears, */en t/e ,arnappin. is
,o))itte- 12 )eans o0 violen,e a.ainst or
inti)i-ation o0 an2 person, or 0or,e upon
t/in.s+ an- t/e penalt2 o0 re,lusion perpetua
to -eat/ s/all 1e i)pose- */en t/e o*ner,
-river or o,,upant o0 t/e ,arnappe- )otor
ve/i,le is :ille- or rape- in t/e ,ourse o0 t/e
,o))ission o0 t/e ,arnappin. or on t/e
o,,asion t/ereo0. 8E)p/asis an- itali,s
supplie-9
=? $E(!#ON 1. "ereina0ter, in i)posin. a
prison senten,e 0or an oJense punis/a1le 12
t/e Revise- Penal (o-e, or its a)en-)ents,
t/e ,ourt s/all senten,e t/e a,,use- to an
in-eter)inate senten,e t/e )aFi)u) ter)
o0 */i,/ s/all 1e t/at */i,/, in vie* o0 t/e
atten-in. ,ir,u)stan,es, ,oul- 1e properl2
i)pose- un-er t/e rules o0 t/e sai- (o-e,
an- t/e )ini)u) */i,/ s/all 1e *it/in t/e
ran.e o0 t/e penalt2 neFt lo*er to t/at
pres,ri1e- 12 t/e (o-e 0or t/e oJense+ an- i0
t/e oJense is punis/e- 12 an2 ot/er la*, t/e
,ourt s/all senten,e t/e a,,use- to an
in-eter)inate senten,e, t/e )aFi)u) ter)
o0 */i,/ s/all not eF,ee- t/e )aFi)u) 4Fe-
12 sai- la* an- t/e )ini)u) s/all not 1e
less t/an t/e )ini)u) ter) pres,ri1e- 12
t/e sa)e. 8E)p/asis an- itali,s supplie-9.
G0 People v. Pani-a, 310 $(R' ==, ?? 81???9.
303
QOL. 431, J%NE 8, 2004
303
People vs. !uvera
$O OR&ERE&.
Qitu. 8(/air)an9, $an-ovalCGutierre> an-
(orona, JJ., ,on,ur.
Ju-.)ent reverse- an- set asi-e an-
anot/er 3u-.)ent entere- in its pla,e 4n-in.
/i) .uilt2 o0 ,arnappin..
Note.5#ntent to .ain is presu)e- */en one
ta:es a propert2 1elon.in. to anot/er
a.ainst /is *ill. 8People vs. (ala1roso, 340
$(R' 332 K2000L9
55o0o55