Read the passage and answer the questions that follow.

Waves may be divided into three categories: mechanical, electromagnetic, and matter.
Mechanical waves are perhaps most familiar to laymen. A flag rippling in the breeze and
the motion of the sea close to the shore are both eamples of mechanical waves. !ound
waves and seismic waves are also considered to be mechanical, because they are
governed by "ewton #s laws and require a material medium. $lectromagnetic waves, on
the other hand, require no material to move through. %isible light is probably the most
common eample of electromagnetic waves, though rays, microwaves, and radio waves
also fit the description. &hese waves are all capable of traveling through a vacuum.
Matter waves are those which are governed by the laws of quantum physics, and can only
be observed under very specific eperimental conditions. A beam of electrons, for
instance, will often ehibit wave'li(e characteristics in the laboratory.
)n order to eamine some basic wave movements, let us imagine a basic mechanical
wave: a string attached at one end to the wall. When you *er( the string up and down
once, you are delivering an impulse to the string, causing a single wave, or pulse, to
travel the length of the string. )f you were to move your hand up and down in a simple
harmonic motion, you would be creating an etended sinusoidal wave. )f we were to
study the motion of a particular point on the string, we would find that it moves up and
down, while the motion of the wave is from side to side. )ndeed, in a transverse wave,
the displacement of any oscillating wave component will be perpendicular to the motion
of the wave. )n a longitudinal wave, however, the motion of the wave elements is parallel
to the motion of the wave. An eample of this phenomenon is the sound wave, in which
air is displaced in the same direction in which the sound travels.
+. Which of the following is ",& one of the main categories of waves-
A: matter
.: electromagnetic
/: electric
0: mechanical
1. Which (ind of wave requires a material medium and is governed by "ewton#s laws-
A: mechanical
.: electromagnetic
/: electron
0: matter
2. Which of the following is ",& an eample of a mechanical wave-
A: sound wave
.: electron beam
/: water wave
0: waving flag
3. Which (ind of wave is capable of traveling through a vacuum-
A: electromagnetic
.: matter
/: mechanical
0: ray
4. Which (ind of waves are governed by the laws of quantum physics-
A: electromagnetic
.: sound
/: mechanical
0: matter waves
5. )n what (ind of wave is the displacement of any oscillating wave component
perpendicular to the direction of the wave-
A: transverse
.: longitudinal
/: latitudinal
0: converse
6. What is another name for a single wave-
A: crest
.: pulse
/: mode
0: tone
7. )n a basic mechanical wave, what is the direction of motion of an individual point-
A: side to side
.: up
/: up and down
0: down
8. 9ow do the wave elements move in a longitudinal wave-
A: perpendicular to the motion of the wave
.: diagonal to the motion of the wave
/: parallel to the motion of the wave
0: ad*acent to the motion of the wave
+:. What is displaced during the passage of a sound wave-
A: sound
.: crests
/: quanta
0: air
Answer ;ey
+. /. &he three main categories of waves are mechanical, matter, and electromagnetic.
1. A. Mechanical waves require a material medium.
2. .. $lectron beams are not mechanical waves.
3. A. $lectromagnetic waves do not require a material medium.
4. 0. Matter waves are governed by the laws of quantum physics and can only be
observed under special conditions.
5. A. )n a transverse wave, the individual wave components will move perpendicular to
the direction of the wave.
6. .. A single wave is also (nown as a pulse.
7. /. &he individual components of a transverse mechanical wave is up and down.
8. /. Wave elements should move in the same direction as the wave in a longitudinal
wave.
+:. 0. A traveling sound wave moves air in the direction of the wave.
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