2012 Cell Biolabs Catalog WEB

Cell-Based Assays
Ordering Information & Support 4

5
Stem Cell Research 31
Viral Expression 39
microRNA Analysis 73
TRANSFORMATION
ADHESION
MIGRATION
INVASION
WOUND HEALING
2
Fax 1-858-271-6514 USA Toll-Free 1-888-CBL-0505 Phone 1-858-271-6500
TABLE OF CONTENTS
CELL HEALTH
CELL HYPOXIA
PHAGOCYTOSIS
CONTRACTION
ANGIOGENESIS
IPS CELL REPROGRAMMING
RETROVIRAL EXPRESSION SYSTEMS
FEEDER CELLS
COLONY FORMATION ASSAYS
ALKALINE PHOSPHATASE ASSAYS
ADENO-ASSOCIATED
VIRUS (AAV)
ADENOVIRUS
LENTIVIRUS
RETROVIRUS
PREMADE VIRUSES
EXPRESSION SYSTEMS
PURIFICATION KITS
TITER KITS
TRANSDUCTION KITS
PRECURSOR CLONE COLLECTION
MAMMALIAN EXPRESSION VECTORS
VIRAL EXPRESSION PLASMIDS
FUNCTIONAL REPORTER SYSTEM
KNOCKDOWN ENHANCER

3
Oxidative Stress / Damage 83
Cell Signaling & Protein Biology 111
Product Index
Worldwide Contacts
151
157
TABLE OF CONTENTS
www.cellbiolabs.com info@cellbiolabs.com
Metabolism Research 129
Pathogen and Toxin Assays 147
PROTEIN OXIDATION/NITRATION
LIPID PEROXIDATION
DNA/RNA DAMAGE AND REPAIR
HYPOXIA ASSAYS
REACTIVE OXYGEN SPECIES (ROS) ASSAYS
ANTIOXIDANT ASSAYS
SMALL GTPASE / G-PROTEIN SIGNALING
KINASE ASSAYS
REPORTER CELLS AND REAGENTS
EPITOPE TAGS
PROTEIN ANALYSIS TOOLS
CHOLESTEROL/CHOLESTERYL ESTER ASSAYS
APOLIPOPROTEIN ASSAYS AND REAGENTS
FATTY ACID METABOLISM ASSAYS
SERUM PROTEIN ASSAYS
RENAL FUNCTION ASSAYS
ALCOHOL ASSAYS
VIRUS CORE ANTIGEN ASSAYS
TOXIN ASSAYS

ORDERING INFORMATION & SUPPORT
4
Worldwide Technical Support Placing an Order within the U.S.
Placing an Order outside the U.S.
Our Customer Service representatives are
available Monday through Friday from 8 am
to 5 pm Pacific Time.

Most orders received by 2 pm Pacific Time
will be shipped the same day. We will notify
you immediately of any backordered item.

We accept VISA, MasterCard and Ameri-
can Express cards. Net 30 day terms may
be offered upon credit approval.
Phone 1 858 271 6500
1 888 CBL 0505 (Toll-Free)

Fax 1 858 271 6514

E-mail orders@cellbiolabs.com

Online www.cellbiolabs.com

Mail Attn: Customer Service
7758 Arjons Drive
San Diego, CA 92126
Pricing
Kit Components
Do you have questions about a particular
product before you buy? Do you need help
with a protocol?

Our Technical Service Scientists have been
directly involved in the development and
testing of our products, so you get the bene-
fit of their hands-on experience.
Phone 1 858 271 6500
1 888 CBL 0505 (US Toll-Free)

Fax 1 858 271 6514

E-mail tech@cellbiolabs.com
Current U.S. prices are available online at
www.cellbiolabs.com, or you may request a
separate price list by e-mail. Prices are sub-
ject to change without notice.

For pricing outside the U.S. please contact
your local distributor, which can be found on
the inside back cover of this catalog.
Because our kits are QC tested by lot, indi-
vidual kit components are generally not
available for purchase separately. However,
certain components may be available in
bulk quantities on a custom basis. For more
information please inquire by sending a
message to sales@cellbiolabs.com.
Please see our Worldwide Distributors
section on the inside back cover of this cata-
log. We have a network of global distributors
serving life science researchers in over 70
countries.

If you dont see your country listed, please
contact our U.S. office.

6
CytoSelect 96-Well Cell Transformation AssayTraditional
Soft Agar Colony Formation
Product Name Detection Size Catalog Number
CytoSelect 96-Well Cell Transformation Assay (Soft Agar Colony
Formation)
Fluorometric
1 Plate* CBA-130
5 Plates* CBA-130-5
Our CytoSelect 96-Well Cell Transformation Assay
(Soft Agar Colony Formation) is suitable for measur-
ing malignant transformation where no downstream
analysis is required. Transformed cells cannot be re-
covered; however, no manual cell counting is re-
quired.

With this assay, cells are incubated in a semisolid
agar medium for 6-8 days, then solubilized, lysed and
detected using CyQuant GR dye in a fluorometric
plate reader.
- Fast Results: 6-8 days vs. 21 days
- Plate Reader Convenience: Eliminates manual
counting
- Versatile Format: Designed for 96-well through-
put, but can be adapted for 48, 24, 12 or 6-well
CELL-BASED ASSAYS Colony Formation Assays
Transformation of normal cells into neoplastic cells results in a population capable of pro-
liferating independently of internal and external signals that normally restrain growth. The
soft agar colony formation assay has traditionally been used to monitor anchorage-
independent growth, employing 3-4 weeks of cell growth followed by manual cell counting.

We have advanced the soft agar assay to eliminate tedious manual cell counting, allow
high-throughput drug screening, and enable recovery of transformed cells for downstream
analysis. These advances have also allowed us to develop a unique kit for the separation
of clonogenic cancer cells from normal cells in heterogeneous solid tumors.
Tumor Cell / Soft Agar Assays
Cell Transformation Assay Principle.
Recent Product Citations
1. Eisfeld, A. et al. (2014). NRAS isoforms differentially affect
downstream pathways, cell growth, and cell transformation.
PNAS 111:4179-4184.
2. Gong, J. et al. (2014). Combined targeting of STAT3/NFkB/
COX-2/EP4 for effective management of pancreatic cancer.
Clin. Cancer Res. 20:1259-1273.
3. Gupta, P. et al. (2013). Ocrasin targets the JNK-NFkB axis to
sensitize glioma cells to TNF-alpha-induced apoptosis. Car-
cinogenesis 34:388-396.
4. Xing, C. et al. (2013). Reversing effect of ring finger protein 43
inhibition on malignant phenotypes of human hepatocellular
carcinoma. Mol. Cancer Ther. 12:94-103.
5. Rai, V. et al. (2012). Lysophosphatidic acid targets vascular
and oncogenic pathways via RAGE signaling. J. Exp. Med.
209:2339-2350.
6. Ghantous, A. et al. (2012). Inhibition of tumor promotion by
parthenolide: epigenetic modulation of p21. Cancer Prev. Res.
5:1298-1309.
7. Dennis, M. et al. (2012). Snail controls the mesenchymal phe-
notype and drives erlotinib resistance in oral epithelial and
head and neck squamous cell carcinoma cells. Carcinogenesis
147:726-732.
*Each kit provides sufficient reagent quantities to perform 96, 48, 24, 12, or 6 tests in a 96, 48, 24, 12, or 6-well plate, respectively.

CytoSelect 96-Well Cell Transformation AssaysAdvanced
Soft Agar with Post-Incubation Cell Recovery
The CytoSelect 96-Well Cell Transformation Assay
(Cell Recovery Compatible) provides a robust system
for screening oncogenes and cell transformation in-
hibitors. Transformed cells may be recovered for fur-
ther downstream analysis following colony formation.
- Faster Results: 6-8 days vs. 21 days
- Cell Recovery: Transformed cells remain viable
for further analysis
counting of cells
- Versatile Format: Designed for 96-well through-
put, but can be adapted for 48, 24, 12 or 6-well
Cell Transformation Assay Principle. Cell colonies form after a 6
-8 day incubation with agar matrix. Transformed cells can then be
either lysed and detected with a fluorescent dye or recovered and
re-plated.
*Each kit provides sufficient reagent quantities to perform 96, 48, 24, 12, or 6 tests in a 96, 48, 24, 12, or 6-well plate, respectively.
**The 384-well kit does not allow for cell recovery due to small well size.
***Each kit provides sufficient reagents for one or five 384-well plates respectively.
CytoSelect 96-Well Cell Transformation Assay
(Cell Recovery Compatible)
Colorimetric
1 Plate* CBA-135
5 Plates* CBA-135-5
Fluorometric
1 Plate* CBA-140
5 Plates* CBA-140-5
CytoSelect 384-Well Cell Transformation Assay**
1 Plate*** CBA-145
5 Plates*** CBA-145-5
Fluorometric
7
1. Singh, R. et al. (2013). Increasing the complexity of chromatin:
functionally distinct roles for replication-dependent histone H2A
isoforms in cell proliferation and carcinogenesis. Nucleic Acids
Res. 10.1093/nar/gkt736. (CBA-135)
2. Shukla, A. et al. (2013). Extracellular signal-regulated kinase 5:
a potential therapeutic target for malignant mesotheliomas.
Clin. Cancer Res. 19:2071-2083. (CBA-135)
3. Niccoli, S. et al. (2012). The Asian-American E6 variant protein
of human papillomavirus 16 alone is sufficient to promote im-
mortalization, transformation, and migration of primary human
foreskin keratinocytes. J. Virol. 86:12384-12396. (CBA-135)
4. Hong, S.W. et al. (2012). Ring finger protein 149 is an E3 ubiq-
uitin ligase active on wild-type v-Raf murine sarcoma viral on-
cogene homolog B1 (BRAF). J. Biol. Chem. 287:24017-24025.
(CBA-135)
5. Lee, H.J. et al. (2012). Cheokine (C-X-C motif) ligand 12 is
associated with gallbladder carcinoma progression and is a
novel independent poor prognostic factor. Clin. Cancer Res.
18:3270-3280. (CBA-135)
6. Chapeau, E.A. et al. (2012). Ecotropic viral integration site 1
(EVI1) regulates multiple cellular processes important for can-
cer and is a synergistic partner for FOS proteinin invasive tu-
mors. PNAS 109:2168-2173. (CBA-135)
7. Lim, S.K. et al. (2011). Tyrosine phosphorylation of transcrip-
tional coactivator WW-domain binding protein 2 regulates es-
trogen receptor alpha function in breast cancer via the Wnt
pathway. FASEB J. 25:3004-3018. (CBA-135)
8. Mathew, B. et al. (2011). The novel role of the mu opioid recep-
tor in lung cancer progression: A laboratory investigation.
Anesth. Analg. 112:558-567. (CBA-135)
9. Hirata, H. et al. (2010). Role of secreted Frizzled-related pro-
tein3 in human renal cell carcinoma. Cancer Res. 70:1896-
1905. (CBA-135)
10. Hirata, H. et al. (2009). Wnt antagonist gene DKK2 is epigen-
etically silenced and inhibits renal cancer progression through
apoptotic and cell cycle pathways. Clin. Cancer Res. 15:5678-
5687. (CBA-135)

CytoSelect 96-Well In Vitro Tumor Sensitivity Assay Colorimetric
96 Assays CBA-150
5 x 96 Assays CBA-150-5
CytoSelect 96-Well In Vitro Tumor Sensitivity Assay
Inhibition of HeLa Cell Anchorage-Independent Growth by
Taxol. HeLa cells were cultured for 7 days in the absence (top) or
presence (bottom) of 1 nM Taxol according to the assay protocol.
The CytoSelect In Vitro Tumor Sensitivity Assay
provides a stringent, anchorage-independent model
for chemosensitivity testing and possible anticancer
drug screening. The assay uses a soft agar matrix to
promote the colony formation of neoplastic cells in
about a week. Cells are quantified using a standard
ELISA plate reader.
- Fast Results: 6-8 days
- In Vivo Simulation: Resembles a three-
dimensional cell environment
counting
Tumor Sensiti vity Assay Principle.
8
1. Bard-Chapeau, E. et al. (2013). EVI1 oncoprotein interacts with
a large and complex network of proteins and integrates signals
through protein phosphorylation. PNAS 110:E2885-E2894.
2. Takezawa, K. et al. (2012). HER2 amplification: a potential
mechanism of acquired resistance to EGFR inhibition in EGFR-
mutant lung cancers that lack the second-site EGFRT790M
mutation. Cancer Discovery 2:922-933.
3. Li,C. et al. (2012). The root bark of Paeonia moutan is a poten-
tial anticancer agent in human oral squamous cell carcinoma
cells. Anticancer Res. 32:2625-2630.
4. Itamochi, H. et al. (2011). Inhibiting the mTOR pathway syner-
gistically enhances cytotoxicity in ovarian cancer cells induced
by etoposide through upregulation of c-Jun. Clin. Cancer Res.
17:4742-4750.
5. Kang, D.W. et al. (2010). Phospholipase D1 drives a positive
feedback loop to reinforce the Wnt/-catenin/TCF signaling
axis. Cancer Res. 70:4233-4242.

CytoSelect Clonogenic Tumor Cell Isolation Kit
9
Product Name Size Catalog Number
CytoSelect Clonogenic Tumor Cell Isolation Kit
5 Preps CBA-155
25 Preps CBA-155-5
Clonogenic Colony Formation, Isolation and Re-plating. A:
Clonogenic colony formation (red arrows) and single cells (black
arrows) after 7 day incubation. B: Isolation of clonogenic colonies
from single cells. C: Re-plated clonogenic colonies after 3 days (no
trypsinization). D: Re-plated clonogenic colonies 1 day after
trypsinization.
Clean separation of clonogenic tumor cells from nor-
mal cells is critical for proper analysis of disease state
progression. Due to the heterogeneity of many tu-
mors, however, isolation of homogenous tumor cell
populations can be difficult.

The CytoSelect Clonogenic Tumor Cell Isolation Kit
uses a proprietary semisolid agar medium to facilitate
colony formation by cells from solid tumors.

Colonies are grown in either a 6-well plate or a 35
mm dish. The colonies are then isolated away from
single cells by size filtration.
- Efficient: Easily eliminates single cells from
clonogenic tumor cell population
- Versatile: In addition to solid tumors, has
potential use in isolating tumor stem cells
Clonogenic Tumor Cell Isolation Procedure.

CytoSelect Leukocyte Endothelium Adhesion Assays
Fluorometric 96 Assays CBA-210
CytoSelect Tumor-Endothelium Adhesion Assay Fluorometric 96 Assays CBA-215
CytoSelect Leukocyte-Endothelium Adhesion Assay
CytoSelect Leukocyte-Epithelium Adhesion Assay
CytoSelect Leukocyte-endothelium Adhesion Assay
Principle.
The CytoSelect Leukocyte Endothelium Adhesion
Assays provide a robust system for the quantitative
determination of interactions between leukocytes
and endothelium. Adherent cells can be quantified
on a fluorescence plate reader.
10
CELL-BASED ASSAYS Cell Adhesion
Cell Adhesion Assays
Cell adhesion is a complex mechanism involved in a variety of processes including cell mi-
gration/invasion, embryogenesis, wound healing and tissue remodeling. Cells can adhere
to the ECM, forming complexes with cytoskeletal components, or to the endothelium.

Our CytoSelect Cell Adhesion Assays quantify adhesion of cells using a microplate
reader or fluorometer; no manual cell counting is required.
1. Liu, G. et al. (2012). ICAM-1-activated Src and eNOS signal-
ing increase endothelial cell surface PECAM-1 adhesivity and
neutrophil transmigration. Blood 120:1942-1952. (CBA-210)
2. Fang, Y. et al. (2012). Site-specific microRNA-92a regulation
of Kruppel-like factors 4 and 2 in atherosusceptible endothe-
lium. Arterioscler. Thromb. Vasc. Biol. 32:979-987. (CBA-210)
3. Curatola, A.M. et al. (2012). Dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA)
inhibition of monocyte binding by vascular endothelium is
associated with sialylation of neural cell adhesion of neural
cell adhesion molecule. Repr. Sciences 19:86-91. (CBA-210)
4. Wang, Y.L. et al. (2011). Innate immune function of the adher-
ens junction protein p120-catenin in endothelial response to
endotoxin. J. Immunol. 186:3180-3187. (CBA-210)
5. Ziemann, A. et al. (2013). CRN2 enhances the invasiveness
of glioblastoma cells. Neuro Oncology 10.1093/neuonc/
nos388. (CBA-215)
6. Hernandez, L. et al. (2010). Activation of NF-kB signaling by
inhibitor of NF-kB Kinase increases aggressiveness of ovar-
ian cancer. Cancer Res. 70:4005-4014. (CBA-215)
CytoSelect Microfluidic Biochips
CytoSelect 8-Channel ECM Microfluidic Biochips Microscopy
2 Chips CBA-003
10 Chips CBA-003-5
CytoSelect 8-Channel Endothelial Microfluidic Biochips Microscopy
2 Chips CBA-004
10 Chips CBA-004-5
CytoSelect 8-Channel Microfluidic Biochips provide an environment that closely mimics in vivo shear stresses,
resulting in more physiologically relevant cell adhesion data. The Biochips are self-contained units containing 8
channels with inlet/outlet ports at both ends of each channel. After adding cell samples, a syringe pump set to
the proper flow rate applies the appropriate shear stress to the channel.

CytoSelect 48-well Cell Adhesion Assay. Serum starved cells
from three different cell lines were allowed to attach to the ECM-
coated plate for 1 hr at 100,000 cells/well. Adherent cells were
stained according to the assay protocol.
CytoSelect ECM Cell Adhesion Assays
CytoSelect 48-Well Cell Adhesion Assay, ECM Array
(Contains one row each of Collagen I, Collagen IV, Fibrinogen,
Fibronectin, and Laminin)
Colorimetric
48 Assays CBA-070
48 Assays CBA-071
CytoSelect 48-Well Cell Adhesion Assay, Collagen I
Colorimetric 48 Assays CBA-052
CytoSelect 48-Well Cell Adhesion Assay, Collagen IV
CytoSelect 48-Well Cell Adhesion Assay, Fibrinogen
CytoSelect 48-Well Cell Adhesion Assay, Fibronectin
CytoSelect 48-Well Cell Adhesion Assay, Laminin
Fluorometric
The CytoSelect ECM Cell Adhesion Assays provide a quantitative method to measure cell adhesion. The 48-
well plate is precoated with your choice of substrate. Adherent cells attach, while non-adherent cells are washed
away. Adherent cells can be quantified on a standard plate reader or fluorometer.
- Quantitative: Measure results in a colorimetric or
fluorescence plate reader
- Flexible: Uniform substrate layer of your choice of
Collagen I, Collagen IV, Fibrinogen, Fibronectin, or
Laminin; or choose the ECM array which contains
all 5 ECM proteins
11
CELL-BASED ASSAYS Cell Adhesion
BSA
Vitronectin
Laminin
Fibronectin
Collagen IV
Collagen I
MDA-231 HT-1080 HEK293
1. Cervera, A.M. et al. (2008). Cells silenced for SDHB expres-
sion display characteristic features of the tumor phenotype.
Cancer Res. 68:4058-4067. (CBA-050 and CBA-070)
2. Lee, J. et al. (2013). Selective inhibition of prostaglandin E2
receptors EP2 and EP4 inhibits adhesion of human endometri-
otic epithelial and stromal cells through suppression of integrin-
mediated mechanisms. Biol. Reprod. 88:77. (CBA-057)
3. Miao, H. et al. (2008). Gene expression and functional studies
of the optic nerve head astrocyte transcriptome from normal
African Americans and Caucasian Americans donors. PLoS
One 3(8):E2847. (CBA-060)
4. Tanoury, Z. et al. (2014). Genes involved in cell adhesion and
signaling: a new repertoire of retinoic acid receptor target
genes in mouse embryonic fibroblasts. J. Cell Sci. 127:521-
533. (CBA-070)
carcinoma. Mol. Cancer Ther. 12:94-103. (CBA-070)
6. Mei, J. et al. (2012). Inhibition of IDO1 suppresses cyclooxy-
genase-2 and matrix metalloporeinase-9 expression and de-
creases proliferation, adhesion and invasion of endometrial
stromal cells. Mol. Human Reprod. 10.1093/molehr/gas021.
(CBA-070)
7. Kandalam, V. et al. (2011). Lack of tissue inhibitor of metallo-
proteinases 2 leads to exacerbated left ventricular dysfunction
and adverse extracellular matrix remodeling in response to
biomechanical stress. Circulation 124:2094-2105. (CBA-070)
8. Tsukamoto, H. et al. (2010). Evaluation of anticancer activities
of benzo[c]phenanthridine alkaloid sanguinarine in oral
squamous cell carcinoma cell line. Anticancer Res. 31:2841-
2846. (CBA-070)
9. Kim, S.W. et al. (2013). Cardiac stem cells with electrical stimu-
lation improve ischaemic heart function through regulation of
connective tissue growth factor and miR-378. Cardiovasc. Res.
10.1093/cvr/cvt192. (CBA-071)

CELL-BASED ASSAYS Cell Migration / Invasion
12
Cell Migration & Invasion Assays
Cell migration and invasion are highly integrated, multi-step processes and play important
roles in the progression of various diseases including cancer, atherosclerosis and arthritis.

Our cell migration assays are provided in two formats: 2-Dimensional Gap Closure and
Boyden Chamber. Each format has its own advantages and applications. Use the informa-
tion below to help choose the best format for your cell migration experimental goals.

Cell invasion assays are provided in the Boyden Chamber format.
Cell Migration Format Selection Guide

2D Gap Closure Assays
(p. 13)
Boyden Chamber Assays
(p. 14-19)
Type of Analysis Qualitative or Quantitative Quantitative
Detection Time Endpoint or Real Time Endpoint
Detection Method Microscopy Plate Reader
Chemoattractant Gradient No Yes
Relative Sensitivity Good Fair
Adaptability to Automation Good Poor
Cell Compatibility Universal Choose pore size based on cell size
Example of Boyden Chamber Assay Principle.
Assay Principle
for the Radius
2D Gap Closure
Assays.

13
Radius Cell Migration Assays (2D Gap Closure)
Example Results using 2D Gap Closure Assay.
Radius 24-Well Cell Migration Assay Microscopy
24 Assays CBA-125
Radius 24-Well Cell Migration Assay (Collagen I Coated) Microscopy
24 Assays CBA-125-COL
Radius 24-Well Cell Migration Assay (Fibronectin Coated) Microscopy
24 Assays CBA-125-FN
Radius 24-Well Cell Migration Assay (Laminin Coated) Microscopy
24 Assays CBA-125-LN
Radius 24-Well Cell Migration Assay (ECM Array Coated) Microscopy
24 Assays CBA-125-ECM
Radius 96-Well Cell Migration Assay Microscopy
96 Assays CBA-126
Radius 384-Well Cell Migration Assay
384 Assays CBA-127
Microscopy
Radius Cell Migration Assays provide a unique al-
ternative to the traditional Boyden Chamber migration
assay. Radius assays allow you to measure cell mi-
gration at endpoint or in real time, and are ideal for
time course migration studies.

Radius Cell Migration Assays use a cell culture
plate containing a proprietary, carefully-defined bio-
compatible hydrogel (Radius gel) spot centralized
at the bottom of each well. Cells seeded in the well
will attach everywhere except on the Radius gel spot,
creating a cell-free zone. Once cells attach, the Ra-
dius gel is removed and migration of cells across the
cell-free zone begins. The gel removal step allows
synchronization of a zero time point to facilitate well-
to-well comparisons.

With Radius Cell Migration Assays, there are no
cell culture inserts; so you dont need to worry about
which pore size to choose for your cell type. Any ad-
herent cell may be used in the assay.

Radius assays are supplied in 24-well, 96-well and
384-well formats. In addition, the 24-well assays are
provided with your choice of coatings for proper cell
attachment:

- Uncoated
- Collagen I-coated
- Fibronectin-coated
- Laminin-coated
- ECM Array with 6 wells of each of the above
(uncoated, Collagen I, Fibronectin, Laminin); ideal
if you are unsure which ECM protein may provide
the best cell attachment
1. Sun, J. et al. (2013). Targeting the metastasis suppressor,
NDRG1, using novel iron chelators: regulation of stress fiber-
mediated tumor cell migration via modulation of the ROCK1/
pMLC2 signaling pathway. Mol. Pharmacol. 83:454-469. (CBA-
125)
2. Apostolos, K. et al. (2013). Increased susceptibility of melanin-
concentrating hormone-deficient mice to infection with Salmonella
enterica serovar Typhimurium. Infect. Immun. 81:166-172. (CBA-
125)
3. Smith, K. et al. (2012). Human family with sequence similarity 60
member A (FAM60A) protein: a new subunit of the Sin3 deacety-
lase complex. Mol. Cell Proteomics 11:1815-1828. (CBA-125)
4. Young, S. et al. (2012). Rapid protein kinase D1 signaling pro-
motes migration of intestinal epithelial cells. Am. J. Physiol. Gas-
trointest. Liver Physiol. 303:G356-G366. (CBA-125)
5. Larive, R.M. et al. (2012). The Ras-like protein R-Ras2/TC21 is
important for proper mammary gland development. Mol. Biol. Cell
23:2373-2387. (CBA-125)
6. Wong, B. et al. (2013). Adrenomedullin enhances invasion of hu-
man extravillous cytotrophoblast-derived cell lines by regulation of
urokinase plasminogen activator expression and S-nitrosylation.
Biol. Reprod. 88:34. (CBA-126)
7. Ichikawa, A. et al. (2013). CXCL10-CXCR3 enhances the develop-
ment of neutrophil-mediated fulminant lung injury of viral and non-
viral origin. Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care Med. 187:65-77. (CBA-126)
8. Coulouarn, C. et al. (2012). Hepatocyte-stellate cell cross-talk in
the liver engenders a permissive inflammatory microenvironment
that drives progression in hepatocellular carcinoma. Cancer Res.
72:2533-2542. (CBA-126)
9. Alcolea, S. et al. (2012). Interaction between head and neck
squamous cell carcinoma cells and fibroblasts in the biosynthesis
of PGE2. J. Lipid Res. 53:630-642. (CBA-126)

14
Boyden Chamber Assay Selection Guide
Assay Definition
Cell
Types
Pore
Size
Insert
Coating
Assay Formats
Chemotaxis
(p. 15)
Migration of cells
toward a chemoattractant
(chemical signal) in the cells
surrounding environment
Neutrophils
Leukocytes
3 m None
24-Well
96-Well
Lymphocytes
Monocytes
Macrophages
5 m None
24-Well
96-Well
Fibroblasts
Endothelial Cells
Epithelial Cells
Tumor Cells
8 m None
24-Well
96-Well
Astrocytes
Slow-moving Cells
12 m None 24-Well
Haptotaxis
(p. 16)
Migration of cells along a
gradient of cellular adhesion
sites or extracellular matrix-
bound chemoattractants
Fibroblasts
Endothelial Cells
Epithelial Cells
8 m
Collagen I
(bottom)
24-Well
Fibronectin
(bottom)
24-Well
Transmigration
(p. 17)
Migration of cells through the
vascular endothelium toward a
chemoattractant
Leukocytes 3 m None 24-Well
Tumor Cells 8 m None 24-Well
Invasion
(p. 18-19)
Movement of cells through the
3D extracellular matrix into
neighboring tissues; includes
ECM degradation and
proteolysis
Fibroblasts
Endothelial Cells
Epithelial Cells
Tumor Cells
8 m
ECM Matrix
(top)
24-Well
96-Well
Collagen I
(top)
24-Well
96-Well
Laminin I
(top)
24-Well
96-Well
CytoSelect Cell Migration and Invasion Assays (Boyden Chamber)
The Boyden Chamber has been extensively used and
widely published as a tool for measuring cell migra-
tion and cell invasion in vitro. Our CytoSelect Cell
Migration and Invasion Assays use this well-cited
method to quantify cell migration and invasion with no
manual cell counting required. Migratory or invasive
cells are quantified using a colorimetric or fluorometric
plate reader.

Cell migration may take on various forms and behav-
iors depending on the type and location of cells. Such
subclasses of cell migration include chemotaxis, hap-
totaxis, and transmigration. Use the chart below to
compare the various subclasses of cell migration as
well as cell invasion, which will help you choose the
assay best suited to your experimental goals.
Typical Well Setup for Boyden Chamber Assay.

15
CytoSelect Cell Migration AssaysChemotaxis
Product Name Pore Size Detection Size Catalog Number
CytoSelect 24-Well Cell Migration Assay
3 m Fluorometric
12 Assays CBA-103
5 m Fluorometric
12 Assays CBA-102
8 m
Colorimetric
12 Assays CBA-100
Fluorometric
12 Assays CBA-101
12 m
Colorimetric
12 Assays CBA-107
Fluorometric
12 Assays CBA-108
CytoSelect 96-Well Cell Migration Assay
3 m Fluorometric
96 Assays CBA-104
5 m Fluorometric
96 Assays CBA-105
8 m
96 Assays CBA-106
Fluorometric
Migration of Human Fibrosarcoma HT-1080 Cells. Cells were
seeded at 30,000 cells per well of a 24-well plate and allowed to
migrate toward 10% FBS for 4 hours. Migratory cells were stained
(above) and quantified in a fluorescence plate reader (data not
shown).
- Fast Results: Visualize chemotaxis in less than
6 hours with most cell types
- Flexible: Bottoms of membrane inserts are un-
coated to allow use with any chemoattractant
- Higher Throughput: 96-well format available for
fluorescence plate readers
CytoSelect Cell Migration Assays are ideal for
measuring chemotaxis. The kits utilize polycarbonate
membrane inserts in 24-well or 96-well plates. Inserts
are available with 4 different pore sizes to accommo-
date a variety of cell types.
10% FBS 0% FBS
1. Al-Wadei, M.H. et al. (2013). Gamma-amino butyric acid (GABA)
prevents the induction of nicotinic receptor-reuglated signaling by
chronic ethanol in pancreatic cancer cells and normal duct epithe-
lia. Cancer Prev. Res. 6:139-148. (CBA-100)
2. Chen, Z. et al. (2012). The iron chelators Cp44mT and DFO in-
hibit TGF--induced epithelial-mesenchymal transition via up-
regulation of N-Myc downstream-regulated gene 1 (NDRG1). J.
Biol. Chem. 287:17016-17028. (CBA-100)
3. Izhak, L. et al. (2010). Predominant expression of CCL2 at the
tumor site of prostate cancer patients directs a selective loss of
immunological tolerance to CCL2 that could be amplified in a
beneficial manner. J. Immunol. 184:1092-1101. (CBA-101)
4. Kiss, J. et al. (2012). Loss of the oxygen sensor PHD3 enhances
the innate immune response to abdominal sepsis. J. Immunol.
189:1955-1965. (CBA-102)
5. Verma, S. et al. (2011). Selenoprotein K knockout mice exhibit
deficient calcium flux in immune cells and impaired immune re-
sponses. J. Immunol. 186:2127-2137. (CBA-103)
6. Li, X. et al. (2011). Kaposis sarcoma-associated Herpesvirus-
encoded latency-associated nuclear antigen recduces interleukin-
8 expression in endothelial cells and impairs neutrophil chemo-
taxis by degrading nuclear p65. J. Virol. 85:8606-8615. (CBA-104)
7. Jun, H.S. et al. (2012). Glucose-6-phosphatase-, implicated in a
congenital neutropenia syndrome, is essential for macrophage
energy homeostasis and functionality. Blood 119:4047-4055.
(CBA-105)
8. Rosenblum, S. et al. (2012). Timing of intra-arterial neural stem
cell transplantation after hypoxia-ischemia influences cell engraft-
ment, survival, and differentiation. Stroke 43:1624-1631. (CBA-
106)
9. Aftab, B.T. et al. (2011). Itraconazole inhibits angiogenesis and
tumor growth in non-small cell lung cancer. Cancer Res. 71:6764-
6772. (CBA-106)

CytoSelect Cell Migration AssaysHaptotaxis
CytoSelect 24-Well Cell Haptotaxis Assay, Collagen I-coated
Colorimetric
Fluorometric
Colorimetric
12 Assays CBA-100-FN
Fluorometric 12 Assays CBA-101-FN
CytoSelect 24-Well Cell Haptotaxis Assay, Fibronectin-coated
CytoSelect 24-well Cell Haptotaxis Assay. MDA-231 cells
were seeded at 150,000 cells/well and allowed to migrate toward
FBS for 4 hrs. Migratory cells, found on the bottom of the migration
membrane, were stained according to the assay protocol.
Haptotaxis describes the migration of cells toward a
gradient of immobilized extracellular matrix. The
CytoSelect Cell Haptotaxis Assays are ideal for
determining the migratory properties of cells. The
kits utilize polycarbonate membrane inserts with an
8 m pore size in a 24-well plate.

The undersides of the inserts are coated with either
Collagen or Fibronectin. The 8 m pore size in the
membrane inserts is ideal for epithelial cells, endo-
thelial cells, fibroblasts, and other cells of similar
size. The membrane serves as a barrier that allows
discrimination of migratory cells from non-migratory
cells.
- Fast Results: Visualize cell haptotaxis in
less than 6 hours with most cell types
- Convenient: Membrane inserts pre-coated
on the underside with either Collagen I or
Fibronectin
- Versatile: Useful with a variety of cell types
including epithelial cells, endothelial cells,
and fibroblasts*
*For leukocyte migration a 3 m pore size is recommended. See
our CytoSelect Chemotaxis Assays (previous page) or the
CytoSelect Leukocyte Transmigration Assay (next page).
16
1. Herrera, I. et al. (2013). Matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-1 in-
duces lung alveolar epithelial cell migration and proliferation,
protects from apoptosis, and represses mitochondrial oxygen
consumption. J. Biol. Chem. 288:25964-25975. (CBA-100-COL)
2. Niccoli, S. et al. (2012). The Asian-American E6 variant protein
of human papillomavirus 16 alone is sufficient to promote immor-
talization, transformation, and migration of primary human fore-
skin keratinocytes. J. Virol. 86:12384-12396. (CBA-110-COL)
3. Kamiya, K. et al. (2007). Protein Kinase C delta activated adhe-
sion regulates vascular smooth muscle cell migration. J. Surg.
Res. 141:91-96. (CBA-100-COL)
Assay Principle for the CytoSelect Cell Haptotaxis Assay.
BSA Collagen I Fibronectin
0%
FBS
0.5%
FBS

17
CytoSelect Cell Migration AssaysTransmigration
CytoSelect Leukocyte Transmigration Assay Fluorometric
24 Assays CBA-212
Fluorometric 24 Assays CBA-216 CytoSelect Tumor Transendothelial Migration Assay
Pore Size
3 m
8 m
Cancer cell transmigration, particularly extravasation, is an important step in cancer metastasis. The CytoSe-
lect Cell Transmigration Assays provide a robust system for the quantitation of transmigrations and interac-
tions between endothelium and cancer cells. Migratory cells are quantified via fluorometer.
1. Fava, G. et al. (2008). Leptin enhances cholangiocarcinoma cell
growth. Cancer Res. 68:6752-6761. (CBA-212)
2. Park, G.B. et al. (2014). The Epstein-Barr Virus causes epithelial
-mesenchymal transition in human corneal epithelial cells via
Syk/Src and Akt/ERK signaling pathways. Invest. Ophthalmol.
Vis. Sci. 55:1770-1779. (CBA-216)
3. Xu, Z. et al. (2010). Role of pancreatic stellate cells in pancreatic
cancer metastasis. Am. J. Pathol. 177:2585-2596. (CBA-216)
Assay Principle for the CytoSelect Leukocyte
Transmigration Assay.
The Leukocyte Adhesion and Transmigration Cascade.
0
40
80
120
160
200
0 10,000 20,000 30,000 40,000 50,000
Cell Number
R
F
U
Quantitation of Human Monocytic THP-1. LeukoTracker
labeled THP-1 cells were titrated in 1X PBS, then lysed with 2X
lysis buffer. Fluorescence was quantified as described in the
assay protocol.

CytoSelect Cell Invasion Assays
- Quantitative: Measure results in a colorimet-
ric or fluorescence plate reader
- Flexible: Uniform protein matrix layer of your
choice of basement membrane (from mouse
tumor cells), Collagen I, or Laminin I
- Versatile: Characterize both the invasive and
migratory properties of your cells with a Cell
Migration / Invasion Combo Kit (next page)
CytoSelect Cell Invasion Assay Principle.
Human Fibrosarcoma HT-1080 Laminin I Cell Invasion. HT-
1080 and NIH3T3 (negative control) were seeded at 200,000 cells/
well and allowed to invade toward FBS for 24 hrs. Invasive cells on
the membrane bottom were stained (top and center) and quantified
at OD 560nm after extraction (data not shown).
Tumor cell invasion into surrounding normal tissue
contributes to the morbidity of cancers. The CytoSe-
lect Cell Invasion Assays use precoated inserts to
assay invasive properties of tumor cells in 24-well or
96-well plates. The coated layer serves to distinguish
invasive cells from non-invasive cells. Plates are pre-
coated with either basement membrane matrix (from
EHS mouse sarcoma cells), Collagen I or Laminin I.
18
1. Gradilone, S. et al. (2013). HDAC6 inhibition restores ciliary
expression and decreases tumor growth. Cancer Res. 73:2259-
2270. (CBA-110)
2. Nam, H. et al. (2013). Antitumor activity of saracatinib
(AZD0530), a c-Src/Abl kincase inhibitor, alone or in combina-
tion with chemotherapeutic agents in gastric cancer. Mol. Can-
cer Ther. 12:16-26. (CBA-110)
3. DiNatale, B. et al. (2012). Ah receptor antagonism represses
head and neck tumor cell aggressive phenotype. Mol. Cancer
Res. 10:1369-1379. (CBA-110)
4. Citterio, C. et al (2012). The Rho exchange factors Vav2 and
Vav3 control a lung metastasis-specific transcriptional program
in breast cancer cells. Sci. Signal. 5:ra71. (CBA-110)
5. Nakayama, K. et al. (2013). cAMP-response element-binding
protein (CREB) and NFkB transcription factors are activated
during prolonged hypoxia and cooperatively regulate the induc-
tion of matrix metalloproteinase MMP1. J. Biol. Chem. 288:2584-
22595. (CBA-112)
6. Desai, S.D. et al. (2012). ISG15 disrupts cytoskeletal architec-
ture and promotes motility in human breast cancer cells. Exp.
Biol. Med. 237:38-49. (CBA-112)
7. Ziemann, A. et al. (2013). CRN2 enhances the invasiveness of
gliobastoma cells. Neuro Oncology 10.1093/neuonc/nos388.
(CBA-112-COL)
8. Liu, X. et al. (2013). Antiproliferative, antiinvasive, and
proapoptotic activity of folate receptor alpha-targeted liposomal
doxorubicin in nonfunctional pituitary adenoma cells. Endocri-
nology 154:1414-1423. (CBA-112-COL)

CytoSelect Cell Invasion Assays, continued
CytoSelect 24-Well Cell Invasion Assay, Basement Membrane
Colorimetric
12 Assays CBA-110
Fluorometric
12 Assays CBA-111
CytoSelect 24-Well Cell Invasion Assay, Collagen I
Colorimetric
Fluorometric
Colorimetric
Fluorometric
CytoSelect 96-Well Cell Invasion Assay, Basement Membrane Fluorometric
96 Assays CBA-112
CytoSelect 96-Well Cell Invasion Assay, Collagen I Fluorometric
CytoSelect 96-Well Cell Invasion Assay, Laminin I Fluorometric 96 Assays CBA-112-LN
CytoSelect 24-Well Cell Invasion Assay, Laminin I
CytoSelect Cell Migration / Invasion Assay Combo Kits
Effects of Cytochalasin D on Invading Cells using the CytoSelect 24-well Cell Invasion Assay (CBA-110). HT-1080 and NIH3T3
cells (negative control) were seeded at 300,000 cells/well and allowed to invade toward 10% FBS for 24 hrs, in the presence or absence of 2
M Cytochalasin D. Invasive cells, on the bottom of the invasion membrane, were stained (left) and then quantified at OD 560 nm after ex-
traction using a standard plate reader (right).
Our CytoSelect Cell Migration / Invasion Assay Combo Kits allow you to characterize both the migratory and
invasive properties of your cells. Each 24-well combo kit provides sufficient reagents to perform 12 migration
plus 12 invasion assays, while the 96-well combo kit allows you to perform 96 migration plus 96 invasion assays.
The invasion plate provided contains basement membrane-coated inserts.
19
NIH3T3 HT-1080
0
0.4
0.8
1.2
1.6
2
NIH3T3 HT-1080 HT-1080 +
Cytochalasin D
O
D

5
6
0
n
m
1. Majid, S. et al. (2013). miRNA-34b inhibits prostate cancer through demethylation, active chromatin modification, and AKR pathways. Clin.
Cancer Res. 19:73-84. (CBA-100-C)
2. Shin, S.Y. et al. (2012). Transcriptional regulation of the interleukin-11 gene by oncogenic Ras. Carcinogenesis 10.1093/carcin/bgs297.
(CBA-100-C)
3. Gobeil, S. et al. (2008). A genome-wide shRNA screen identifies GAS1 as a novel melanoma metastasis suppressor gene. Genes Dev.
22(21):2932-2940. (CBA-101-C)
4. Axlund, S.D. et al. (2010). HOXC8 inhibits androgen receptor signaling in human prostate cancer cells by inhibiting SRC-3 recruitment to
direct androgen target genes. Mol. Cancer Res. 8:1643-1655. (CBA-106-C)
Product Name Pore Size Detection Size Catalog Number
CytoSelect 24-Well Cell Migration / Invasion Combo Kit
Colorimetric
2 x 12 Assays CBA-100-C
Fluorometric
2 x 12 Assays CBA-101-C
CytoSelect 96-Well Cell Migration / Invasion Combo Kit 8 m Fluorometric 2 x 96 Assays CBA-106-C
8 m

20
CytoSelect 24-Well Wound Healing / Cell Migration Assay
- Highly Accurate: More consistent results well-to-
well compared to homemade scratch assays
- Versatile: Measure cell migration, cell prolifera-
tion, and wound closure
- Inert Material: No residues from inserts to impede
cell migration or proliferation
Compared to traditional scratch assays, our CytoSe-
lect 24-Well Wound Healing Assay provides a more
consistent method to measure cell migration across a
wound field gap in vitro. Proprietary treated inserts
generate a consistently defined 0.9mm gap between
the cells. Cells can then be treated and monitored for
proliferation or migration across the wound field by
imaging samples at fixed time points or time-lapse
microscopy.
CytoSelect 24-Well Wound Healing Assay
24 Assays CBA-120
Microscopy
Wound Closure of STO Cells. STO cells (mouse MEF) were cul-
tured in the provided plate with inserts in place for 24 hours until a
monolayer formed. Inserts were then removed to begin the assay.
Cells were monitored at various time points and stained according
to the assay protocol.
CytoSelect 24-well Wound Healing Assay Principle.
0%
50%
100%
Percent Wound Closure
1. Cui, X.G. et al. (2013). Response gene to complement 32 defi-
ciency causes impaired placental angiogenesis in mice. Cardio-
vasc. Res. 10.1093/cvr/cvt121.
2. Gutschner, T. et al. (2013). The noncoding RNA MALAT1 is a
critical regulator of the metastasis phenotype of lung cancer
cells. Cancer Res. 73:1180-1189.
carcinoma. Mol. Cancer Ther. 12:94-103.
4. Mao, R. et al. (2012). Circadian gating of epithelial-to-
mesenchymal transition in breast cancer cells via melatonin-
regulation of GSK3. Mol Endrocrinol. 26:1808-1820.
5. Hirata, H. et al. (2012). MicroRNA-1826 targets VEGFC, beta-
catenin (CTNNB1) and MEK1 (MAP2K1) in human bladder can-
cer. Carcinogenesis 33:41-48.

21
CELL-BASED ASSAYS Cell Co-Culture
CytoSelect 24-Well Cell Co-Culture System Microscopy 24 Assays CBA-160
CytoSelect 24-Well Cell Co-Culture System
Traditional methods of co-culture usually involve one
of the following methods:

1. One cell type is cultured to form a monolayer,
followed by seeding of a second cell type directly
over the monolayer. This is a common method
when feeder cells are used to maintain stem cells
in an undifferentiated state. However, it is not
useful when studying the effects of one cell on
the other because the first cell is obscured from
view by the second.
2. A Boyden Chamber (see page 12 for details) is
used to culture one cell type above the mem-
brane and a second cell type below the mem-
brane. This system allows a separation between
the two cells, but does not allow for direct cell-to-
cell contact which may reduce its efficacy for cer-
tain applications.

The CytoSelect Cell Co-Culture System provides a
unique platform for direct contact between two cell
types in one well. A proprietary molded plastic insert
creates a cell-free zone in the center of a 24-well cell
culture-treated plate. The first cell type is seeded in
the area around the insert. Once the cells form a
monolayer, the insert is removed and the second cell
is seeded.
The culture of two cell lines together is advantageous for studying a variety of applications:

- Cell-cell interactions

- Cell activation

- Cellular differentiation

- Maintaining stem cell pluripotency

- Various effects of secreted factors from one cell type on a second cell type

Protocol for the CytoSelect 24-Well Co-Culture System. Cell
type #1 is seeded with the Co-Culture insert in place. After cells
form a monolayer, the insert is removed and cell type #2 is seeded.

CELL-BASED ASSAYS Cell Health
22
CytoSelect Cell Viability and Cytotoxicity Assay (Live/Dead)
CytoSelect Cell Viability and Cytotoxicity Assay Kit
Colorimetric /
Fluorometric
96 Assays CBA-240
Cell viability characteristics include cellular metabolic
activity and cell membrane integrity. Our CytoSe-
lect Cell Viability and Cytotoxicity Assay provides
both a colorimetric and fluorometric format for moni-
toring cell viability via metabolic activity. Live cells are
detected with MTT (colorimetric detection) or Calcein
AM (fluorometric); dead cells are detected with EthD-
1 reagent (fluorometric). All 3 detection reagents are
included, as well as Saponin, a cell death initiator.
Cells may be treated with compounds or agents that
affect cell viability. This kit is suitable for eukaryotic
cells, not bacteria or yeast.
Viability of Human Foreskin Fibroblasts. BJ-TERT cells were
seeded at 50,000 cells/well and allowed to culture for 24 hours.
Cells were then treated with and without Saponin. All cells were
then stained with Calcein AM and EthD-1. Top: Cells without
Saponin treatment. Bottom: Cells with Saponin treatment. Left:
Calcein AM staining. Right: EthD-1 staining.
- Versatile: Detect by microscopy, colorimetric or
fluorescence plate reader, or flow cytometry
- Quantitative: Measure live and dead cells on a
fluorescence plate reader; live cells may also be
quantified on a standard microplate reader
Recent Product Citation
Kim, E.Y. et al. (2012). Sustained activation of N-methyl-D-
aspartate receptors in podocytes leads to oxidative stress, mobili-
zation of transient receptor potential canonical 6 channels, nuclear
factor of activated T cells activation, and apoptotic cell death. Mol.
Pharmacol. 82:728-737.
CytoSelect LDH Cytotoxicity Assay
CytoSelect LDH Cytotoxicity Assay Kit Colorimetric 960 Assays CBA-241
Loss of cell membrane integrity is one of the hall-
marks of cytotoxicity. Upon cell death, lactate dehy-
drogenase (LDH) is released from the cytoplasm
through the damaged membrane.

Our CytoSelect LDH Cytotoxicity Assay provides a
convenient plate-based method for testing cytotoxicity
based on LDH release. In this assay, cells are cul-
tured in a 96-well plate with and without the com-
pound to be tested. LDH released into the media from
cells converts a lactate substrate to pyruvate and
generates NADH. In the presence of NADH, the col-
orimetric dye WST-1 is converted to a formazan that
generates an orange color. Detection is performed in
a standard colorimetric plate reader.
LDH Release from HEK 293 Cells. 20,000 cells/well were cultured
for 24 hours. After adding various concentrations of Triton X-100,
the LDH Cytotoxicity Assay Reagent was added followed by a 30
minute incubation at 37C and 5% CO2.

CytoSelect Anoikis Assays
CytoSelect 24-Well Anoikis Assay
Colorimetric /
Fluorometric
24 Assays CBA-080
CytoSelect 96-Well Anoikis Assay
Colorimetric /
Fluorometric
96 Assays CBA-081
Anoikis of Human Fibroblast BJ-TERT Cells. 50,000 cells/well
were seeded in a control plate (left) and a Poly-HEMA coated plate
(right) and cultured for 24 hours. Cells on the control plate were
stained with Calcein AM. Cells on the Poly-HEMA coated plate
were stained with EthD-1.
Anoikis is defined as death of adherent cells due to
loss of adhesion to the extracellular matrix. Our
Anoikis Assays allow you to quantify and monitor an-
chorage-dependent cell death using a precoated
plate. Live cells can be viewed under a microscope
and quantified on a plate reader by MTT
(colorimetric) or Calcein AM (fluorometric), both in-
cluded with the kit. Dead cells are detected with an
EthD-1 reagent.
- Versatile: Detect live and dead cells by micros-
copy, fluorescence, or flow cytometry
- Quantitative: Measure live and dead cells on a
fluorescence plate reader; live cells may also be
quantified on a standard microplate reader
Cellular Senescence Assays
Cellular Senescence Assay Kit (SA |-gal Staining) Light Microscopy
50 Assays CBA-230
96-Well Cellular Senescence Assay (SA |-gal Activity)
Fluorometric
Plate Reader
120 Assays CBA-231
Flow Cytometry /
Fluorescence
Microscopy
10 Assays CBA-232
Quantitative Cellular Senescence Assay (SA |-gal)
Senescence Associated (SA) |-galactosidase is a common biochemical marker of cellular senescence. Cells
expressing such markers have been identified in vivo in tissues. SA -Gal catalyzes hydrolysis of X-gal, which
produces a blue color in senescent cells.

We offer three kit formats to test cellular senescence via SA--galalactosidase activity:

- Our -Gal Staining Kit allows you to visualize senescence by standard light microscope.
- Our Quantitative Cellular Senescence Assay measures senescence in cells cultured in a 35mm dish by
either flow cytometry or fluorescence microscopy
- Our 96-Well Cellular Senescence Assay provides a higher throughput assay in a fluorescence plate reader.
1. Lee, H.W. et al. (2013). Tpl2 kinase impacts tumor growth
and metastasis of clear cell renal cell carcinoma. Mol. Can-
cer Res. 11:1375-1386. (CBA-080)
2. Sisto, M. et al. (2009). Fibulin-6 expression and anoikis in
human salivary gland epithelial cells: implications in
Sjogren's syndrome. Int. Immunol. 21:303-311. (CBA-080)
3. Liu, H. et al (2008). Cysteine-rich protein 61 and connective
tissue growth factor induce de-adhesion and anoikis of reti-
nal pericytes. Endocrinology 149:1666-1677. (CBA-080)
23
Malhotra, D. et al. (2010). Global mapping of binding sites for Nrf2 identifies novel targets in cell survival response through ChIP-Seq profil-
ing and network analysis. Nucleic Acid Res. 10.1093/nar/gkq212. (CBA-231)

24
CytoSelect MTT Cell Proliferation Assay
CytoSelect MTT Cell Proliferation Assay Colorimetric 960 Assays CBA-252
Cell proliferation is easily measured by the addition of a variety of dyes that produce a visible color that can be
correlated with the number of cells. Our CytoSelect MTT Cell Proliferation Assay provides a simple method to
measure proliferation of cells. The cell-permeable MTT dye is added directly to cultured cells followed by a de-
tergent solution. Quantitation is performed using a standard microplate reader at 540-570 nm.
CytoSelect WST-1 Cell Proliferation Assay Reagent
Our CytoSelect WST-1 Cell Proliferation Assay provides a similar method to our MTT Cell Proliferation Assay,
but with a single reagent format that does not require a detergent solubilization step. Quantitation is performed
using a standard microplate reader at 450 nm.
CytoSelect Cell Proliferation Assay Reagent, Fluorometric Fluorometric 960 Assays CBA-250
CytoSelect Fluorometric Cell Proliferation Assay Reagent
CytoSelect WST-1 Cell Proliferation Assay Reagent Colorimetric 960 Assays CBA-253
Human HEK 293 Cell Density. Cells were seeded at various den-
sities in triplicate and allowed to culture for 24 hours. Cells were
then treated with the CytoSelect Cell Proliferation Assay Reagent
for 6 hours at 37C and 5% CO2.
Cell proliferation is easily measured by the addition of
a variety of dyes that can be correlated with the num-
ber of cells. Various dyes producing a visible color
are available to measure proliferation rates, but
fluorometric dyes are often more sensitive and may
be a superior choice for researchers with access to a
fluorescence-based microplate reader.

Our CytoSelect Cell Proliferation Assay Reagent
(Fluorometric) provides a simple, single reagent
method to measure proliferation of cells. The fluoro-
metric dye is added directly to cultured cells. Upon
entering metabolically active live cells, the non-
fluorescent dye is converted to a bright red fluores-
cent form. Quantitation is performed using a fluores-
cence plate reader with excitation at 560 nm and
emission at 590-600 nm.

This reagent is versatile and can be used with a wide
variety of cell types including cultured mammalian
and piscine cells, bacteria, yeast, fungi, and protozoa.

25
CytoSelect BrdU Cell Proliferation ELISA Kit
CytoSelect BrdU Cell Proliferation ELISA Kit Colorimetric 96 Assays CBA-251
Assay Principle for the CytoSelect BrdU Cell Proliferation ELISA Kit.
BrdU is a thymidine analog that can incorporate into newly synthesized DNA strands of actively proliferating
cells. Our CytoSelect BrdU Cell Proliferation ELISA Kit provides a convenient plate-based method to measure
this incorporation. Once the BrdU is incorporated into the DNA, cells are fixed and DNA is denatured. Incorpo-
rated BrdU can be quantified in the denatured DNA by an anti-BrdU antibody. The absorbance readings at 450
nm can be directly correlated to cell proliferation.
CytoSelect Proliferating Cell Nuclear Antigen (PCNA) ELISA Kit
CytoSelect Proliferating Cell Nuclear Antigen (PCNA) ELISA Kit Colorimetric 96 Assays CBA-254
PCNA Detection in HeLa Whole Cell Lysates. Whole cell lysates
were prepared in a RIPA lysis buffer. Protein concentrations were
determined by BCA protein assay.
Proliferating Cell Nuclear Antigen (PCNA) acts as a
processivity factor for DNA polymerase by associat-
ing with various proteins involved in DNA replication.
It is also associated with chromatin remodeling and
cell cycle control, and it is often used as a marker of
cell proliferation.

Our CytoSelect PCNA ELISA Kit provides a con-
venient plate-based method to quantify PCNA levels
in nuclear or whole cell extracts.
- Sensitive: Detect PCNA as low as 12.5 ng/mL
- Versatile: Measure PCNA levels from human,
mouse, or rat whole cell lysates or nuclear extracts
- Quantitative: Measure results in a colorimetric
plate reader against a provided PCNA standard

CELL-BASED ASSAYS Cell Hypoxia
26
HIF-1 Alpha DNA Binding Activity Assay Kit
Detection Specificity of HIF-1 Al pha. HeLa cells were incubated
in the presence or absence of 0.2 mM deferoxamine mesylate
(DFO) for 4 hours at 37C. Nuclear extracts were prepared using
the Nuclear/Cytosolic Fractionation Kit (#AKR-171). 100 pmol of
non-biotinylated wild type or mutated HRE double stranded com-
petitor oligos were added to the Complete DNA Binding Buffer just
prior to inclusion in the assay.
HIF-1 Alpha DNA Binding Activity Assay Kit Colorimetric 96 Assays CBA-282
Cell hypoxia, or low oxygen condition, is a normal
physiological response to certain body stressors such
as high altitudes, but it can also be a symptom of
pathological conditions and is often used as a marker
for tumor cells. In response to hypoxic conditions, the
hypoxia-inducible factor 1 transcriptional activator
complex (HIF-1) plays a role in activating several hy-
poxia-responsive genes such as erythropoietin and
VEGF. During hypoxia, the alpha subunit of HIF-1
accumulates and translocates from the cytosol to the
nucleus, where it dimerizes with the beta subunit and
becomes transcriptionally active. It then binds tran-
scriptional coactivators to induce gene expression.

The HIF-1 Alpha DNA Binding Activity Assay Kit de-
tects activated HIF-1 in an ELISA format. Active HIF-
1 complex is captured on a double-stranded oligo
containing a hypoxic response element (HRE) that is
attached to the plate. Detection is then performed
with a primary antibody followed by an HRP-
conjugated secondary antibody. The assay will detect
HIF-1 complexes from human, mouse or rat protein
samples.
HIF-1 Alpha Sandwich ELISA Kit Colorimetric 96 Assays CBA-280
HIF-1 Alpha Cell Based ELISA Kit Chemiluminescent 96 Assays CBA-281
HIF-1 Alpha ELISA Kits
Detection of Nuclear HIF-1 Alpha with the HIF-1 Alpha Sand-
wich ELISA Kit. HeLa cells were incubated in the presence or
absence of 0.2 mM DFO for 4 hours at 37C. HIF-1 Alpha levels
were measured in untreated (blue bars) and treated (red bars)
nuclear extracts according to the Assay Protocol.
Our HIF-1 Alpha ELISA Kits provide a convenient
method for detection and quantitation of human,
mouse, or rat HIF-1 Alpha in cells or tissues. Two
ELISA kit formats are available:

- The HIF-1 Alpha Sandwich ELISA Kit detects HIF
-1 Alpha in any protein sample including tissue
homogenates, whole cell lysates, or nuclear ex-
tracts. Samples are added to an anti-HIF-1 Alpha
antibody coated plate. Quantitation of unknown
samples is performed by comparison of the OD
values to those of a known standard.
- The HIF-1 Alpha Cell Based ELISA Kit allows the
detection of HIF-1 Alpha levels in intact cells.
Cells are seeded in a tissue culture treated plate
suitable for reading in a 96-well plate-based lumi-
nometer. Cells are fixed and permeabilized to
allow detection with the anti-HIF-1 antibody. De-
tection is performed by chemiluminescence.

CELL-BASED ASSAYS Adipogenesis
27
CytoSelect 96-well Adipogenesis Assay Kit
CytoSelect 96-Well Adipogenesis Assay Kit
Colorimetric /
Fluorometric
200 Assays CBA-290
Staining of 3T3-L1 Cells with Oil Red O. 20,000 cells/well of
preadipocyte 3T3-L1 cells were seeded overnight in a 96-well
plate. Cells were uninduced (top) or induced (bottom) for 7 days
and stained with Oil Red O colorimetric stain according to the
Assay Protocol.
Staining of 3T3-L1 Cells with Nile Red Fluorescent Stain.
20,000 cells/well of preadipocyte 3T3-L1 cells were seeded over-
night in a 96-well plate. Cells were uninduced (top) or induced
(bottom) for 7 days and stained with Nile Red Fluorescent Stain
according to the Assay Protocol.
The ability to regulate the cell cycle and differentiation of adipocytes is important to the understanding of obesity.
Adipogenesis is the process in which preadipocytes develop into mature adipocytes in a multistep process that
requires the sequential activation of numerous transcription factors. The 3T3-L1 cell line is the best character-
ized model for adipogenesis in vitro. 3T3-L1 cells display a fibroblast-like phenotype when grown under normal
conditions. However, when treated with a combination of IBMX, insulin, and dexamethasone, these cells un-
dergo terminal differentiation resulting in a more rounded phenotype and the formation of intracellular lipid drop-
lets.

The CytoSelect 96-Well Adipogenesis Assay quantitatively measures lipid droplet accumulation in cultured
cells of the 3T3-L1 model. Quantitation is performed either in a standard colorimetric plate reader with Oil Red O
stain, or in a fluorescence plate reader with Nile Red fluorometric stain.

CELL-BASED ASSAYS Phagocytosis
28
CytoSelect 96-Well Phagocytosis Assays
Phagocytosis may be assayed by measuring the en-
gulfing of a cell substrate such as an erythrocyte
(RBC) or Zymosan particle. Traditional phagocytosis
assays involve manually counting the engulfed sub-
strates under a microscope. This process is tedious
and time-consuming, can be somewhat inaccurate,
and is not amenable to high throughput.

CytoSelect 96-Well Phagocytosis Assays are more
accurate, high-throughput alternatives to the standard
phagocytosis assay. The assays may be adapted for
use in 48-well and 24-well plates if desired.
CytoSelect 96-Well Phagocytosis Assay (E. coli) Colorimetric
96 Assays CBA-222
CytoSelect 96-Well Phagocytosis Assay (Red Blood Cell) Colorimetric
96 Assays CBA-220
Colorimetric
96 Assays CBA-224
CytoSelect 96-Well Phagocytosis Assay (Zymosan)
Assay Principle for the CytoSelect 96-Well Phagocytosis
Assay (Zymosan).
Particle Engulfment with the CytoSelect 96-Well
Phagocytosis Assay (Zymosan).
1. Lee, J.K. et al. (2010). Regulator of G-protein signaling-10 nega-
tively regulates NF-kB in microglia and neuroprotects dopa-
minergic neurons in hemiparkinsonian rats. J. Neurosci.
31:11879-11888. (CBA-220)
2. Winnicka, B. et al. (2010). CD13 is dispensible for normal hema-
topoiesis and myeloid cell functions in the mouse. J. Leukoc.
Biol. 88(2):347-359. (CBA-220)
3. Hamilton, C.M. et al. (2009). Fasciola hepatica tegumental anti-
gen suppresses dendritic cell maturation and function. Infect.
Immun. 77:2488-2498. (CBA-220)
4. Dowling, D.J. et al. (2009). Major secretory antigens of the
helminth Fasciola hepatica activate a suppressive dendritic cell
phenotype that attenuates Th17 cells but fails to activate Th2
immune responses. Infect. Immun. 78:793-801. (CBA-220)
5. Pierce, L.M. et al. (2012). Effect of heavy metal tungsten alloy
particles on oxidative product formation and phagocytosis by
lung macrophages. Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care Med. 185:A4666.
(CBA-224)
6. Polancec, D.S. et al. (2012). Azithromycin drives in vitro GM-
CSF/IL-4-induced differentiation of human blood monocytes
toward dendritic-like cells with regulatory properties. J. Leukoc.
Biol. 91:229.-243. (CBA-224)
- Highly Accurate: Eliminates manual counting
- High Throughput: 96-well plate format
- Quantitative: Measure OD in a standard microplate
reader
- Flexible: Choose from 3 substrates: E. coli, Zymo-
san particles, or red blood cells*
*Red blood cells are not provided in the kit. Fresh RBCs should
be obtained immediately prior to running the assay. E. coli and
Zymosan particles are provided in their respective kits.

CELL-BASED ASSAYS Cell Contraction and Angiogenesis
29
Endothelial Tube Formation (In Vitro Angiogenesis) Assay
Endothelial Tube Formation Assay (In Vitro Angiogenesis) Light Microscopy 50 Assays CBA-200
1. Yu, J.G. et al. (2013). Baroreflex deficiency hampers angiogene-
sis after myocardial infarction via acetylcholine-alpha7-nicotinic
ACh receptor in rats. Eur. Heart J. 34:2412-2420.
2. Bid, H. et al. (2013). Dual targeting of the Type 1 insulin-like
growth factor receptor and its ligands as an effective antiangio-
genic strategy. Clin. Cancer Res. 19:2984-2994.
3. Cai, C. et al. (2012). SIVmac239-Nef downregulates cell surface
expression of CXCR4 in tumor cells and inhibits proliferation,
migration and angiogenesis. Anticancer Res. 23:2759-2768.
4. Bid, H. et al. (2012). Potent inhibition of angiogenesis by the IGF
-1 receptor-targeting antibody SCH717454 is reversed by IGF-2.
Mol. Cancer Ther. 11:649-659.
For angiogenesis to occur, endothelial cells must es-
cape their stable location and break through the
basement membrane. These cells proliferate to form
new blood vessels. Our Endothelial Tube Formation
Assay provides an easy, robust system to assess
angiogenesis in vitro. The assay uses an ECM gel
matrix derived from mouse sarcoma cells; this matrix
very closely resembles an in vivo basement mem-
brane environment.
Cell Contraction Assay Light Microscopy 24 Assays CBA-201
Collagen-Based Cell Contraction Assay
Assay Principle for the Collagen-Based Cell Contraction
Assay.
1. Kotio, K.U. et al. (2011). Implication of microRNAs in atrial natri-
uretic peptide and nitric oxide signaling in vascular smooth mus-
cle cells. Am. J. Physiol. Gastrointest. Liver Physiol. 301: C929-
C937.
2. Schell, C. et al. (2010). 15-deoxy-delta12-14-prostaglandin-J2
induces hypertrophy and loss of contractility in human testicular
peritubular cells: implications for human male fertility. Endocri-
nology 151:12571268.
Wound healing is comprised of epithelialization, con-
nective tissue deposition, and contraction. The con-
traction process is believed to be mediated by spe-
cialized fibroblasts (myofibroblasts). 3D collagen gels
have been widely used in fibroblast contraction stud-
ies.

Our Cell Contraction Assay provides a simple system
to assess cell contractivity and to screen for cell con-
traction mediators. The system uses a 3D collagen
matrix to measure changes in the collagen gel size.
An optional contraction inhibitor is provided.
HUVEC Tube Formation on ECM Gel. HUVEC cells from a stan-
dard tissue culture plate were incubated on an ECM gel. After sev-
eral hours tube formation can be visualized under a light micro-
scope.

CELL-BASED ASSAYS Autophagy
30
GFP-LC3 Expression Vectors
pCMV-GFP-LC3 Expression Vector
100 L CBA-401
pSMPUW-GFP-LC3 Lentiviral Expression Vector
10 g LTV-801
10 g RTV-801
pMXs-GFP-LC3 Retroviral Expression Vector
1. Chen, W. et al. (2012). Andrographolide induces autophagic cell death in human liver cancer cells through cyclophilin D-mediated mito-
chondrial permeability transition pore. Carcinogenesis 10.1093/carcin/bgs264. (CBA-401)
2. Cina, D.P. et al. (2012). Inhibition of MTOR disrupts autophagic flux in podocytes. J. Am. Soc. Nephrol. 23:412-420. (CBA-401)
3. Tu, S.P. et al. (2011). IFN-gamma inhibits gastric carcinogenesis by inducing epithelial cell autophagy and T-cell apoptosis. Cancer Res.
71:4247-4259. (CBA-401)
MAP LC3 is the most published autophagosome
marker protein. LC3 associates to the inner and
outer limiting membranes of the auto-
phagosome. There are two forms of LC3 visible
by immunoblot: LC3I which is found in the solu-
ble fraction, and LC3II which is found in the
membrane fraction. The proportion of LC3II in-
creases during autophagy.

Our GFP-LC3 expression vectors are conven-
ient tools for the study of autophagy. These vec-
tors are available in three formats: mammalian,
lentiviral, and retroviral expression vectors. Each
vector contains a GFP reporter gene. In addi-
tion, a GFP control plasmid is provided at no
additional charge.

STEM CELL RESEARCH Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells
iPS Cell Reprogramming
Reprogramming of adult cells into induced pluripotent stem cells (iPS) has provided an im-
portant new vehicle to facilitate stem cell research. Recent studies have shown that this
may be accomplished by the introduction of key genes into somatic cells by transduction
with various viral vectors or transfection of plasmids.

Retroviral and lentiviral vectors appear to achieve among the highest levels of efficiency of
iPS cell generation. We offer an extensive collection of vectors for iPS cell reprogramming.
32
Retroviral Vectors and Packaging Cells for iPS Cell Generation
Our iPS retroviral vectors are constructed from the pMXs vector backbone developed by Dr. Toshio Kitamura at
the University of Tokyo.* Each vector contains one of 6 factors shown to help reprogram adult fibroblasts into
iPS cells. Both human and mouse genes are available individually or in sets. Separate retroviral vectors are
available for p53 shRNA, which has been shown to potentially increase the efficiency of iPS cell generation.

Platinum Retroviral Packaging Cells provide an easy way to produce high-titer retroviruses from these stem cell
plasmids. For additional information on these cell lines please see p. 64.
Target Name Vector Backbone Catalog Number
Oct-3/4 pMXs RTV-705
Sox2 pMXs RTV-706
c-Myc pMXs RTV-707
Klf4 pMXs RTV-708
NANOG pMXs RTV-711
Lin28 pMXs RTV-712
Set of 4 vectors
(Oct-3-4, Sox2,
c-Myc, Klf4)
pMXs RTV-705-C
Set of 6 vectors
(Oct-3-4, Sox2,
c-Myc, Klf4,
NANOG, Lin28)
pMXs RTV-711-C
p53 shRNA pRetro RTV-400
Mouse iPS Vectors
Sox2 pMXs RTV-702
c-Myc pMXs RTV-703
Klf4 pMXs RTV-704
NANOG pMXs RTV-709
Lin28 pMXs RTV-710
Set of 4 vectors
(Oct-3-4, Sox2,
c-Myc, Klf4)
pMXs RTV-701-C
Set of 6 vectors
(Oct-3-4, Sox2,
c-Myc, Klf4,
NANOG, Lin28)
pMXs RTV-709-C
Human iPS Vectors
Platinum-E Retroviral Packaging Cell Line, Ecotropic >3 x 10
6
cells RV-101
Platinum-A Retroviral Packaging Cell Line, Amphotropic >3 x 10
6
cells RV-102
Platinum-GP Retroviral Packaging Cell Line, Pantropic >3 x 10
6
cells RV-103
pCMV-VSV-G Packaging Vector (for use with Platinum-GP cells) 10 g RV-110
Retroviral Packaging Cell Lines
*Kitamura, T. et al. (2003). Exp. Hematol. 31:1007-1014.

Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells
Polycistronic Vectors for iPS Cell Generation
STEM CELL RESEARCH
33
pLentG-KOSM Polycistronic Lentiviral Vector (Mouse genes) 100 L LTV-700
pRetroG-OKSM Polycistronic Retroviral Vector (Human genes) 100 L RTV-700
Our Polycistronic Viral Vectors provide a convenient
way to generate iPS cells. The defined stem cells
factors Klf4, Oct-3/4, Sox2 and c-Myc are in-frame
fused into a single open reading frame (ORF) by self-
cleaving 2A peptides. The transcription factor ORF is
followed by IRES-GFP as a reporter to verify viral
transduction into your target cell. Efficiencies of iPS
generation are typically higher compared to transduc-
tion of four separate viruses each containing a single
gene.

Two vectors are available:

- pLentG-KOSM is a lentiviral vector containing
mouse sequences
- pRetroG-OKSM is a retroviral vector containing
human sequences
- More Efficient: Up to 10-fold higher efficiency
compared to multi-virus transduction, and 500-fold
compared to non-viral methods
- Reporter Convenience: GFP reporter gene helps
to monitor viral transduction
Open Reading Frame of pLentG-KOSM Lenti viral Vector.
Characterization of iPS Cell Colonies Generated from MEFs
Infected with Lenti virus Containing the KOSM Fusion. Top:
Staining of pluripotency markers in induced cell colonies at 200x
magnification. Bottom: AP staining at 100x magnification and mor-
phology at 40x magnification in induced cell colonies.
Expression of Stem Cell Factors and GFP. Top: Transient ex-
pression of KOSM fusion gene in 293T cells confirmed by Western
blot. Bottom: GFP fluorescence in MEF cells 3 days after infection
with lentivirus containing KOSM fusion.
For efficient packaging of your virus, please see our Lentiviral Packaging Systems on p. 58
and Retroviral Packaging Cell Lines on p. 64 and 67.

Platinum Retroviral Expression Systems for Stem Cells
Platinum ES/EC Retroviral Expression System, Ecotropic
1 kit VPK-303
Platinum ES/EC Retroviral Expression System, Amphotropic
1 kit VPK-304
1 kit VPK-305
Platinum ES/EC Retroviral Expression System, Pantropic
Platinum HSC Retroviral Expression System, Ecotropic
1 kit VPK-306
Platinum HSC Retroviral Expression System, Amphotropic
1 kit VPK-307
Platinum HSC Retroviral Expression System, Pantropic
1 kit VPK-308
34
Retroviral vectors are useful for delivering genes of interest into a host cell where integration into the genome is
desired. However, traditional retroviral expression technologies usually result in low viral titers which make gene
expression studies difficult.
- Higher Viral Yields: Average titer 10
7
infec-
tious units/mL with transient transfection
- Versatile: 3 Packaging cell lines for use with
nearly any target host species
- Optimized for Stem Cell Studies: Specially
designed expression systems for either ES/EC
cells or hematopoietic stem cells
Amphotropic Ecotropic Pantropic
Human +++ N.S. +++
Mouse +++ +++ +++
Rat +++ +++ +++
Monkey +++ N.S. +++
Cat +++ N.S. +++
Dog +++ N.S. +++
Hamster + N.S. +++
Bird N.S. N.S. +++
Fish N.S. N.S. +++
Frog N.S. N.S. +++
Insect N.S. N.S. +++
Mollusk N.S. N.S. +++
*Virus must be packaged with a pantropic envelope protein such as
VSVG.

N.S. = Not Suitable
Catalog Number Packaging Cell Line Transfer Vector Envelope Vector Control Vector
VPK-303 Plat-E (Ecotropic) pMCs-Puro pMCs-GFP
VPK-304 Plat-A (Amphotropic) pMCs-Puro pMCs-GFP
VPK-305 Plat-GP (Pantropic) pMCs-Puro pCMV-VSV-G pMCs-GFP
VPK-306 Plat-E (Ecotropic) pMYs-Puro pMYs-GFP
VPK-307 Plat-A (Amphotropic) pMYs-Puro pMYs-GFP
VPK-308 Plat-GP (Pantropic) pMYs-Puro pCMV-VSV-G pMYs-GFP
Suitability of Platinum Retroviral Expression Systems by Host
Species.
Components of the Platinum Retroviral Expression Systems for Stem Cells.
Our Platinum Retroviral Expression Systems incorpo-
rate superior packaging cell lines and vector technolo-
gies to produce high-titer virus with a single plasmid
transfection. The Platinum Expression Systems in-
clude one of our exclusive Platinum Packaging Cell
Lines which already contain the gag and pol genes;
the Ecotropic and Amphotropic cells also contain an
envelope protein. Simply clone your gene of interest
into the vector provided and transfect into the Plati-
num cells. If you choose a Pantropic system, simply
co-transfect with the VSV-G plasmid provided.

The Platinum Expression Systems below are spe-
cially designed for superior expression with either ES/
EC cells or hematopoietic stem cells. For more infor-
mation on our Platinum Expression Systems for a
variety of cells, please see page 60.
STEM CELL RESEARCH Retroviral Expression Systems

MEF Feeder Cells
MEF Feeder Cells
5 x 10
6
cells CBA-310
MEF Feeder Cells, Hygromycin-resistant
5 x 10
6
cells CBA-313
MEF Feeder Cells, Neomycin-resistant
5 x 10
6
cells CBA-311
MEF Feeder Cells, Puromycin-resistant
5 x 10
6
cells CBA-312
35
Our murine embryonic fibroblast (MEF) feeder cells are useful for the maintenance of human or mouse ES cells
in their undifferentiated state. Cells must be mitotically inactivated prior to use.
Feeder Cells STEM CELL RESEARCH
SNL 76/7 Passage-Independent Feeder Cells for iPS Culture
The SNL 76/7 is an immortalized cell line derived
from mouse fibroblast STO cells which have been
transformed with murine LIF and neomycin resistance
genes.
Stem Cell Feeders
Leukemia inhibitory factor (LIF) is useful for maintaining the undifferentiated state of
mouse embryonic stem (mES) cells. However, LIF does not have the same effect on hu-
man embryonic stem (hES) cells. Therefore, hES cells require the use of feeder cells for
both derivation and maintenance. We offer a variety of feeder cells for stem cell culture.
All feeder cells must be mitotically inactivated prior to use.
- Superior Culture: Transformed with LIF gene
for better maintenance of undifferentiated state
- Versatile: Useful for culture of human and
mouse iPS cells and as a feeder for ES cells
- Passage-Independent: Immortalized cell line
SNL Feeder Cells
3 x 10
6
cells CBA-316
1. Osakada, F. et al (2009). In vitro differentiation of retinal cells
from human pluripotent stem cells by small-molecule induction.
J. Cell Sci. 132:3169-3179.
2. Liu, Y. et al. (2009). Zeb1 represses Mitf and regulates pigment
synthesis, cell proliferation, and epithelial morphology. Invest.
Ophthalmol. Vis. Sci. 50:5080-5088.
3. Tsubooka, N. et al. (2009). Roles of Sall4 in the generation of
pluripotent stem cells from blastocytes and fibroblasts. Genes
Cells 14:683-694.
4. Lan, Z-J. et al. (2009). Extra-germ cell expression of mouse
nuclear receptor subfamily 6, group A, member 1 (NR6A1).
Biol. Reprod. 80:905-912.
JK1 Passage-Independent Feeder Cells
JK1 is an immortalized CD34+ stromal cell line that
supports long-term proliferation of stem cells. It has
been shown to maintain capacity for stem cell re-
newal even after serial passaging for over one year.
JK1 may be used for culture of a variety of cell types
including pluripotent ES cells, germ-line derived stem
cells such as SPCs and MASCs, and primordial germ
cell-derived EG cells.
JK1 Feeder Cells
1 x 10
6
cells CBA-315
JK1 Cells Support Maintenance
of mES Cells. Immunofluores-
cence staining of germ cell nu-
clear antigen (GCNA). Antibody
staining is green; nuclear coun-
terstain is blue.

36
CytoSelect 96-Well Hematopoietic Colony Forming Cell Assay
Hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs), when cultured in a
suitable semisolid matrix such as methylcellulose
supplemented with cytokines & nutrients, proliferate
to form discrete cell clusters or colonies. Such HSCs
or hematopoietic progenitors are known as colony-
forming cells (CFCs).

In classic CFC assays, cells are cultured in a 35mm
dish for 14-21 days so the colonies can reach a cer-
tain size for manual counting, which can be tedious
and subjective.

The CytoSelect 96-Well Hematopoietic Colony
Forming Cell Assay provides a high-throughput
method to quantify CFCs in just 7-10 days with no
manual cell counting required. Cells are lysed, solu-
bilized, and quantified using a fluorescent dye in-
cluded in the kit. Alternatively, cells may be recov-
ered for further culture and analysis.
CytoSelect 96-Well Hematopoietic Colony Forming Cell Assay Fluorometric
96 Assays CBA-320
- Fast Results: 7-10 days vs. 2-3 weeks
counting
- Easier Reagent Handling: Methylcellulose media
can be handled using a pipet instead of a syringe
Assay Principle for the CytoSelect 96-Well Hematopoietic
Colony Forming Cell Assay.
HSC Colony Formation. Human bone marrow derived CD34+ Hematopoietic Progenitor Cells were seeded at 3000 cells/well and cultured
for 7-10 days in the absence or presence of growth factors/cytokines. Colonies were quantified according to the assay protocol. A: After 7
days without cytokines. B: After 7 days in presence of cytokines. C: After 10 days in presence of cytokines (hemoglobin visible).
STEM CELL RESEARCH Colony Formation Assays

37
StemTAG 96-Well Stem Cell Colony Formation Assay
StemTAG 96-Well Stem Cell Colony Formation Assay Fluorometric
96 Assays CBA-325
Our StemTAG 96-Well Stem Cell Colony Formation
Assay provides a high-throughput method to quantify
ES cells in just 7-10 days with no manual cell count-
ing required.

After colonies are formed, stem cells may be ana-
lyzed in 3 ways:

1. Lyse cells, then quantify using a fluorescent dye
included in the kit.
2. Lyse cells, then measure alkaline phosphate ac-
tivity using reagents provided.
3. Recover colonies for further culture and analysis.

This assay may be of particular interest for the study
of tumor stem cells.
- Fast Results: 7-10 days vs. 2-3 weeks using con-
ventional methods
- Versatile: Quantify cells using fluorescent dye,
measure alkaline phosphatase activity, or recover
cells for further analysis
- Plate Reader Convenience: No manual cell
counting required
Anchorage-Independent Growth of Mouse ES-D3 Cells.
Top: Phase Contrast. Bottom: Alkaline Phosphatase Staining.
StemTAG Stem Cell Colony Formation Assay Principle.
Colony Formation Assays STEM CELL RESEARCH

StemTAG PCR Primer Set for Stem Cell Characterization
StemTAG PCR Primer Set for Stem Cell Characterization 50 Reactions CBA-303
Total RNA and Protein from Murine ES-D3 Cell Line
Total RNAMurine Embryonic Stem Cell Line D3
50 g CBA-304
Total ProteinMurine Embryonic Stem Cell Line D3 500 g CBA-305
38
Pluripotent stem cells can differentiate into cells derived from all three embryonic germ layers: endoderm,
mesoderm and ectoderm. Our StemTAG PCR Primer Set provides an efficient system for monitoring ES cell
differentiation/undifferentiation. Seven primer sets are included: primers for two widely studied stem cell mark-
ers (Oct-4 and NANOG), one marker for each embryonic germ layer (AFP/Endoderm, Flk-1/Mesoderm and
NCAM/Ectoderm), and two controls (GAPDH and -Actin). Primers are suitable for either end-point or real-time
(quantitative) PCR.
STEM CELL RESEARCH Alk Phos Assays, Primers, RNA/Protein
StemTAG Alkaline Phosphatase Kits
StemTAG Alkaline Phosphatase Staining Kit. Murine embry-
onic stem cells (ES-D3) were maintained in an undifferentiated
state with LIF. To induce differentiation, LIF was withdrawn over
several days. Various differentiation events were observed: cells
became flattened and enlarged with reduced proliferation. On day
5, cells were stained according to the assay protocol.
StemTAG Alkaline Phosphatase Staining and Activity Assay Kit
ICC & Colorimetric 2 x 100 Assays CBA-302
ICC & Fluorometric 2 x 100 Assays CBA-308
StemTAG Alkaline Phosphatase Staining Kit (Red)
ICC 100 Assays CBA-300
StemTAG Alkaline Phosphatase Activity Assay Kit
StemTAG Alkaline Phosphatase Staining Kit (Purple)
ICC 100 Assays CBA-306
The StemTAG Alkaline Phosphatase Staining and
Activity Assay Kits monitor AP activity via both immu-
nocytochemistry staining and a colorimetric 96-well
plate-based activity assay. The staining and activity
assay kits are also sold separately.
- Fast Results: Staining and Activity Assay proto-
cols each take less than 1 hour
- Versatile: Useful for human ES, EG and EC cells,
as well as mouse ES and EG cells
1. Lee, J. et al. (2010). Ultraviolet A regulates adipogenic differen-
tiation of human adipose tissue-derived mesenchymal stem cells
via up-regulation of kruppel-like factor 2. J. Biol. Chem.
285:32647-32656. (CBA-300)
2. Izadyar, F. et al. (2008). Generation of multipotent cell lines from
a distinct population of male germ line stem cells. Reproduction
135:771-784. (CBA-300)
3. Kim, Y. et al. (2009). Cyclin-dependent kinase 2-associating
protein 1 commits murine embryonic stem cell differentiation
through retinoblastoma protein regulation. J. Biol. Chem.
284:23405-23414. (CBA-301)
4. Yue, Y. et al. (2008). A single intravenous injection of adeno-
associated virus serotype-9 leads to whole body skeletal muscle
transduction in dogs. Mol. Ther. 16(12):1944-1952. (CBA-301)
5. Ghosh, A. et al (2007). Efficient whole-body transduction with
trans-splicing AAV vectors. Mol. Ther. 15(4):750-755. (CBA-301)

VIRAL EXPRESSION Viral Vector Overview
Recombinant Viral Gene Delivery
Recombinant viral vectors provide a powerful means of delivering a gene into a target cell.
There are many viral vectors available, and there are pros and cons to each. Use the fol-
lowing table to select the best viral vector for your research.
Comparison of Viral Vectors for Gene Delivery
Adeno-Associated
Virus (AAV)
(p. 41-48)
Adenovirus
(p. 49-56)
Lentivirus
(HIV-1, FIV, SIV)
(p. 57-63)
Retrovirus
(MMLV)
(p. 64-72)
Gene Expression
Transient
or Stable
Transient
Transient
or Stable
Stable
Will Infect Dividing Cells Yes Yes Yes Yes
Will Infect Non-Dividing Cells Yes Yes Yes No
Integrates into Target Cell Genome No* No Yes Yes
Relative Viral Titer XXX XXXX XXX XX
Relative Transduction Efficiency XXX XXXX XXX XX
Immune Response in Target Cells Very Low High Low Moderate
40
Typical Workflow for Viral Gene Delivery
Clone Gene
of Interest
Package
Virus
Measure
Titer
Concentrate
& Purify
Infect
Target Cell
Viral
Expression
Plasmid
Packaging
Plasmids
and Cells
Purification &
Concentration
Kit
Viral
Transduction
Reagents
Viral
Quantitation
Kit
*Native AAV can integrate, but recombinant AAV rarely does.
Cell Biolabs offers kits and reagents for every step in your workflow.

VIRAL EXPRESSION AAV Expression
41
Adeno-Associated Virus Kits & Reagents
Adeno-associated virus (AAV) is less immunogenic than adenovirus or retrovirus. We offer
a comprehensive line of AAV kits and reagents to ensure you get the best expression from
your AAV expression studies:
AAV Helper Free Systems
AAV Helper Free Systems are
available for a variety of formats and
serotypes:
- AAV Complete Expression Systems
contain all packaging plasmids plus an
expression vector and a GFP control
vector: p. 42-45
- AAV Packaging Systems contain the
pHelper plasmid and a serotype-specific
Rep-Cap plasmid for use with your own
expression construct: p. 45
- If you have an AAV packaging system for
one serotype and want to try another,
choose one of 8 different AAV Rep-Cap
Plasmids from native serotypes 1
through 6 plus AAV-DJ and AAV-DJ/8: p.
45
- If you already have an AAV packaging
system and need a cloning vector,
choose one of 10 different AAV Expres-
sion Vectors available individually: p. 46
- Want to make a control virus? Choose
one of our AAV Control Vectors: p. 46
Production of recombinant AAV requires certain
genes from the adenovirus genome, which means
that an adenovirus usually needs to be present. The
AAV Helper Free System eliminates the need for a
helper adenovirus. Most of the required adenoviral
genes (E2A, E4 and VA RNA) are provided in a
pHelper plasmid, while the required E1 gene is pro-
vided by the 293 packaging cells.
- Safer: pHelper plasmid eliminates the need for a
helper virus
- Flexible: Packaging vectors and expression vec-
tors available separately or as one complete sys-
tem, so you only order what you need
- Expandable: All plasmids are provided individually,
not in a mixture, so you can amplify in competent
cells
- Premade AAV Controls
- Purification Kits
- Quantitation / Titer Kit
- Transduction Kits
- Helper Free Expression Systems
- Helper Free Packaging Systems
- Expression & Control Vectors
- Viral Packaging Cell Line
Gene Deli very using the AAV Helper Free System.

42
AAV-DJ Helper Free Expression System 1 kit VPK-410-DJ
AAV-DJ Helper Free Bicistronic Expression System (Puro) 1 kit VPK-415-DJ
AAV-DJ Helper Free Bicistronic Expression System (Neo) 1 kit VPK-416-DJ
AAV-DJ Helper Free Bicistronic Expression System (Hygro) 1 kit VPK-417-DJ
AAV-DJ Helper Free Bicistronic Expression System (GFP) 1 kit VPK-418-DJ
AAV-DJ Helper Free Bicistronic Expression System (Blasticidin) 1 kit VPK-419-DJ
AAV-DJ Helper Free Promoterless Expression System 1 kit VPK-411-DJ
AAV-DJ Helper Free shRNA Expression System (Puro) 1 kit VPK-412-DJ
AAV-DJ/Helper Free shRNA Expression System (GFP) 1 kit VPK-413-DJ
scAAV-DJ Helper Free Expression System 1 kit VPK-430-DJ
AAV Helper Free Complete Expression Systems
AAV Helper Free Complete Expression Systems con-
tain everything you need to produce high-titer recom-
binant adeno-associated virus:
- pHelper Plasmid
- Rep-Cap Plasmid (serotype specific)
- GFP Control Vector
- Choice of 10 AAV Expression Vectors:
- Gene Expression (CMV or no promoter)
- shRNA (U6 promoter)
- Self complementary (scAAV)
AAV Helper Free Expression Systems are available
for the following serotypes:
- Native serotypes 1-6
- AAV-DJ, engineered by DNA family shuffling to
form a hybrid capsid from 8 different native sero-
types; provides significantly higher infectivity
rates in vitro (see table below)
- AAV-DJ/8, a mutant of AAV-DJ that exhibits in-
creased uptake in brain and other tissues in vivo,
similar to serotypes 8 and 9
Relati ve Infecti vity Rates of AAV Serotypes. Normalized to AAV-2 = 100. ND = Not determined.
Cell Line Cell or Tissue Source AAV-1 AAV-2 AAV-3 AAV-4 AAV-5 AAV-6 AAV-8 AAV-9 AAV-
DJ
AAV-
DJ/8
Huh-7 Hu Liver 13 100 2.5 0.0 0.1 10 0.7 0.0 500 0.2
HEK293 Hu Kidney 25 100 2.5 0.1 0.1 5 0.7 0.1 500 0.3
HeLa Hu Cervix 3 100 2.0 0.1 3.7 1.0 0.2 0.1 667 0.2
HepG2 Hu Liver 3 100 16.7 0.3 1.7 5 0.3 ND 1250 0.5
Hep1A Ms Liver 20 100 0.2 1.0 0.1 1.0 0.2 0.0 400 0.1
911 Hu Retina 17 100 11.1 0.2 0.1 17 0.1 ND 500 0.0
CHO Hm Ovary 100 100 14.3 1.4 333 50 10.0 1.0 25000 5.0
COS Si Kidney 33 100 33 3.3 5.0 14 2.0 0.5 500 0.3
MeWo Hu Skin 10 100 20 0.3 6.7 10 1.0 0.2 2857 1.0
NIH3T3 Ms Fibroblasts 10 100 2.9 2.9 0.3 10 0.3 ND 500 0.1
A549 Hu Lung 14 100 20 ND 0.5 10 0.5 0.1 1000 0.1
HT1180 Hu Fibroblasts 20 100 10.0 0.1 0.3 33 0.5 0.1 333 0.2
Monocytes Hu Primary Monocytes 1111 100 ND ND 125 1429 ND ND 100 ND
Immature DC Hu Monocyte-derived DC 2500 100 ND ND 222 2857 ND ND 200 ND
Mature DC Hu Monocyte-derived DC 2222 100 ND ND 333 3333 ND ND 100 ND
AAV-DJ Helper Free Complete Expression Systems

AAV-DJ/8 Helper Free Complete Expression Systems
43
AAV-1 Helper Free Complete Expression Systems
AAV-DJ/8 Helper Free Expression System 1 kit VPK-410-DJ-8
AAV-DJ/8 Helper Free Bicistronic Expression System (Puro) 1 kit VPK-415-DJ-8
AAV-DJ/8 Helper Free Bicistronic Expression System (Neo) 1 kit VPK-416-DJ-8
AAV-DJ/8 Helper Free Bicistronic Expression System (Hygro) 1 kit VPK-417-DJ-8
AAV-DJ/8 Helper Free Bicistronic Expression System (GFP) 1 kit VPK-418-DJ-8
AAV-DJ/8 Helper Free Bicistronic Expression System (Blasticidin) 1 kit VPK-419-DJ-8
AAV-DJ/8 Helper Free Promoterless Expression System 1 kit VPK-411-DJ-8
AAV-DJ/8 Helper Free shRNA Expression System (Puro) 1 kit VPK-412-DJ-8
AAV-DJ/8 Helper Free shRNA Expression System (GFP) 1 kit VPK-413-DJ-8
scAAV-DJ/8 Helper Free Expression System 1 kit VPK-430-DJ-8
AAV-1 Helper Free Expression System 1 kit VPK-410-SER1
AAV-1 Helper Free Bicistronic Expression System (Puro) 1 kit VPK-415-SER1
AAV-1 Helper Free Bicistronic Expression System (Neo) 1 kit VPK-416-SER1
AAV-1 Helper Free Bicistronic Expression System (Hygro) 1 kit VPK-417-SER1
AAV-1 Helper Free Bicistronic Expression System (GFP) 1 kit VPK-418-SER1
AAV-1 Helper Free Bicistronic Expression System (Blasticidin) 1 kit VPK-419-SER1
AAV-1 Helper Free Promoterless Expression System 1 kit VPK-411-SER1
AAV-1 Helper Free shRNA Expression System (Puro) 1 kit VPK-412-SER1
AAV-1 Helper Free shRNA Expression System (GFP) 1 kit VPK-413-SER1
scAAV-1 Helper Free Expression System 1 kit VPK-430-SER1

44

45
AAV Helper Free Packaging Systems
AAV Helper Free Packaging Systems contain everything found in the Complete Expression Systems, with the
exception of the AAV expression vector. This is an ideal choice if you already have an AAV construct containing
your gene of interest. All plasmids are provided individually, not as a packaging mixture.
AAV-2 Helper Free Packaging System 1 kit VPK-402
AAV-DJ Helper Free Packaging System 1 kit VPK-400-DJ
AAV-DJ/8 Helper Free Packaging System 1 kit VPK-400-DJ-8
AAV Rep-Cap Plasmids (Serotype-Specific)
AAV Rep-Cap plasmids allow you to make recombinant AAV of a specific serotype. These plasmids are ideal if
you already have an AAV packaging system for a different serotype. Just substitute one of these plasmids into
your AAV Helper Free Packaging System or Expression System.
Product Name Catalog Number
pAAV-DJ Vector VPK-420-DJ
pAAV-DJ/8 Vector VPK-420-DJ-8
pAAV-RC1 Vector VPK-421
pAAV-DJ Vector VPK-420-DJ
pAAV-DJ/8 Vector VPK-420-DJ-8

46
AAV Expression Vectors
pAAV-MCS Expression Vector 10 g VPK-410
pAAV-IRES-Puro Expression Vector 10 g VPK-415
pAAV-IRES-Neo Expression Vector 10 g VPK-416
pAAV-IRES-Hygro Expression Vector 10 g VPK-417
pAAV-IRES-GFP Expression Vector 10 g VPK-418
pAAV-IRES-Bsd Expression Vector 10 g VPK-419
pAAV-MCS Promoterless Expression Vector 10 g VPK-411
pAAV-U6-Puro Expression Vector 10 g VPK-412
pAAV-U6-GFP Expression Vector 10 g VPK-413
Cloning Capacity
3 kb
1.8 kb
1.6 kb
1.4 kb
1.7 kb
2 kb
3.9 kb
2.2 kb
2.1 kb
pscAAV-MCS Expression Vector 1.5 kb 10 g VPK-430
AAV Control Plasmids
pAAV-GFP Control Vector 10 g AAV-400
pAAV-Cre Control Vector 10 g AAV-401
pAAV-LacZ Control Vector 10 g AAV-402
pscAAV-GFP Control Vector 10 g AAV-410
AAV Premade Control Viruses
AAV1-GFP Control Virus 50 L AAV-301
AAV2 Null Control Virus 50 L AAV-300
AAV2-Cre Control Virus 50 L AAV-310
AAV2-Luc Control Virus 50 L AAV-320
All AAV premade viruses are provided at a concentration of 1 x 10
12
GC/mL.
Each of our AAV Expression Vectors may be used
with any of our AAV Helper Free Systems, regardless
of AAV serotype. Choose one of these vectors when
you already have an AAV Packaging System but may
want to use a different promoter or selection marker.
Choose one of our AAV control vectors when you already have an AAV Packaging System and want to make a
transduction control virus.
Sen, Y. et al. (2014). TDP-43 causes differential pathology in neu-
ronal versus glial cells in the mouse brain. Human Mol. Genet.
10.1093/hmg/ddt662. (VPK-410)

47
ViraBind AAV Purification Kits
Purification of AAV via ultracentrifugation can be tedious and time-consuming, and may result in low yields.
ViraBind AAV Purification Kits use a one-step proprietary matrix followed by further purification and concen-
tration using a centrifugal concentrator. The result is a higher AAV yield with high purity in a fraction of the time.
Kits are suitable for AAV-2 or AAV-DJ; they will not work with other AAV serotypes.
- High Purity: No contamination bands as seen
on SDS gel
- Fast Results: Obtain purified virus in about 3
hours
- High Yields: Recovery rate >60%
Electrophoretic Profile of Purified AAV2-GFP.
Product Name Capacity/Prep Size Catalog Number
ViraBind AAV Purification Kit Two 10-cm dishes 10 Preps VPK-140
ViraBind AAV Purification Mega Kit
2 Preps VPK-141
10 Preps VPK-141-5
Ten 15-cm dishes
Purification Procedure for the ViraBind AAV Purification Kit.
293AAV Cell Line
1 x 10
6
cells AAV-100 293AAV Cell Line
Our 293AAV cell line is selected from the parental 293 cell line for larger surface area, flattened morphology,
and firmer attachment to culture plates, resulting in production of higher yields of AAV.
Uchida, S. et al. (2010). Early life stress enhances behavioral
vulnerability to stress through the activation of REST4-mediated
gene transcription in the medial prefrontal cortex of rodents. J.
Neurosci. 30:15007-15018. (VPK-140)

QuickTiter AAV Quantitation Kit
QuickTiter AAV Quantitaiton Kit Fluorometric 20 Assays VPK-145
- Fast Results: Obtain purified virus in less than 2
hours
- High Sensitivity: Limit of detection 1 x 10
9
GC/mL
from unpurified supernatant or 5 x 10
10
GC/mL from
purified AAV
Traditional AAV Quantitation by dot blot can be tedi-
ous, time consuming, and suffer from high inter-assay
variability. Our QuickTiter AAV Quantitation Kit
uses a proprietary technology to quantify AAV nucleic
acid content of unpurified AAV-2 or AAV-DJ, or from
purified AAV of any serotype.
0
25
50
75
100
125
150
175
200
0 25 50 75 100 125 150
AAV DNA STD (ng)
R
F
U
0
5
10
15
20
0 2 4 6 8 10
AAV DNA STD (ng)
R
F
U
AAV-2 DNA Standard Curve. The QuickTiter AAV-2 DNA Standard was diluted as described in the assay protocol. Fluorescence was
measured on a SpectraMax Gemini XS Fluorometer (Molecular Devices) with a 485/538 nm filter set and 530 nm cutoff.
ViraDuctin AAV Transduction Reagent
Product Name Size* Catalog Number
10 Transductions AAV-200
50 Transductions AAV-201
ViraDuctin AAV Transduction Reagent
48
*Number of transductions performed in 35mm culture dishes. May be modified for use in culture plates or larger dishes. See product insert.
Our ViraDuctin AAV Transduction Reagent can
significantly increase the transduction efficiency of
AAV vectors in both dividing and non-dividing cells.
Increases are greatest in non-dividing cells, but even
cells in S-phase show a noticeable increase in trans-
duction efficiencies.
- Higher Efficiencies: Significantly increase rate of
infection of host cells
- Low Toxicity: No noticeable effect on cell viability
- Universal: Suitable for use with both dividing and
non-dividing cells
Successful gene expression studies using AAV depend on high transduction efficiencies into host cells. Infection
rates appear to be highest in S-phase cells, which can account for a very small fraction of a cell population.

VIRAL EXPRESSION Adenoviral Expression
49
Adenoviral Expression Kits & Reagents
Recombinant adenoviruses are excellent tools for introducing genetic material into host
cells, since they can infect a variety of mammalian cell types with high efficiency. They re-
main epichromosal upon infection, so they are only suitable for transient gene expression.
We offer a complete workflow solution to your adenoviral expression studies:
- Purification Kits
- Quantitation / Titer Kits
- Transduction Reagents
- Viral Expression Systems
- Viral Packaging Cell Line
- Premade Recombinant Adenoviruses
RAPAd Adenoviral Expression Systems
Adenovirus
Production
using the
RAPAd
Adenoviral
Expression
System.
Compared to other adenoviral expression systems,
RAPAd Adenoviral Expression Systems produce
recombinant adenovirus in a much shorter time
(about 2-3 weeks) with a substantial reduction in
wild-type adenovirus. The RAPAd systems use a
backbone vector from which the 5 ITR, packaging
signal and E1 sequences have been removed. Addi-
tionally, serial amplification of the recombinant ade-
novirus does not increase the level of replication-
competent adenovirus.
- Virtually No Wild-Type Virus: Backbone vector
engineered to produce <300 wild-type plaques per
10
9
particles, compared with 10
4
-10
6
WT plaques
per 10
9
VP with most other methods
- Faster Production: Virus generated in 2-3 weeks
compared to a few months with traditional methods
- 7 Complete Systems: Choose CMV or RSV for
gene expression, EF-1 for miRNA expression, U6
for shRNA, or clone your own promoter along with
your gene of interest using our Universal system
Product Name Promoter Size Catalog Number
RAPAd Universal Adenoviral Expression System None 1 Kit VPK-250
RAPAd RSV Adenoviral Expression System RSV 1 Kit VPK-251
RAPAd CMV Adenoviral Expression System CMV 1 Kit VPK-252
RAPAd miRNA Adenoviral Expression System EF-1 1 Kit VPK-253
RAPAd Bicistronic Adenoviral Expression System (GFP) CMV 1 Kit VPK-254
RAPAd shRNA Adenoviral Expression System (Puro) U6 1 Kit VPK-255
RAPAd shRNA Adenoviral Expression System (GFP) U6 1 Kit VPK-256
1. Kothari, H. et al. (2010). Cystine 186-cystine 209 disulfide bond
is not essential for the procoagulant activity of tissue factor or
for its de-encryption. Blood 115:4273-4283. (VPK-252)
2. Li, P. et al. (2013). MicroRNA-638 is highly expressed in hu-
man vascular smooth muscle cells and inhibits PDGF-BB-
induced cell proliferation and migration through targeting or-
phan nuclear receptor NOR1. Cardiovasc. Res. 10.1093/cvr/
cvt082. (VPK-253)

50
Dont have time to make your own adenovirus? Are
you studying the expression of multiple genes? Rely
on our premade recombinant adenoviruses that al-
ready contain a gene of interest. All of Cell Biolabs
premade recombinant adenoviruses are provided as
50 l aliquots at a concentration of 1 x 10
11
viral parti-
cles/mL in TBS with 10% glycerol.
Target Name Catalog Number
Null Control (No gene) ADV-001
|-Galactosidase ADV-002
Cre ADV-005
Firefly Luciferase ADV-008
GFP ADV-004
SEAP (Secretory Alkaline Phosphatase) ADV-003
Controls and Reporter Genes
1. Matsushita, T. et al. (2009). FGFR3 promotes synchondosis
closure and fusion of ossification centers through the MAPK
pathway. Hum. Mol. Genet. 18:227-240. (ADV-001)
2. Zhang, Z. et al (2013). MEK inhibition leads to lysosome-
mediated Na+/I symporter protein degradation in human
breast cancer cells. Endocr. Relat. Cancer 20:241-250. (ADV-
002)
3. Schramm, C. et al (2012). The PTPN11 loss-of-function muta-
tion Q510E-Shp2 causes hypertrophic cardiomyopathy by dys-
regulating mTOR signaling. Am. J. Physiol. Heart Circ. Physiol.
302:H231-H243. (ADV-002)
4. Salvati, E. et al. (2014). Evidence for G-quadruplex in the pro-
moter of vegfr-2 and its targeting to inhibit tumor angiogenesis.
Nucleic Acids Res. 42:2945-2957. (ADV-004)
5. Lu, D. et al. (2012). Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-
coactivator-1alpha enhances engraftment and angiogenesis of
mesenchymal stem cells in diabetic hindlimb ischemia. Diabe-
tes 61:1153-1159. (ADV-004)
6. Kato, H. et al. (2011). Wnt/-Catenin pathway in podocytes
integrates cell adhesion, differentiation and survival. J. Biol.
Chem. 286:26003-26015. (ADV-005)
Premade Recombinant Adenoviruses
Cancer/Tumor Antigens
Carbonic Anhydrase 9 (CA9) ADV-602
Carcinoembryonic Antigen (CEA) ADV-604
NY-ESO-1 ADV-601
Blood Vessel Formation After 3 Days. Purified Ad-Null or Ad-
VEGF viruses were applied to a 10-day old CAM (chick chorioal-
lanoic membrane). Results were visualized by stereomicroscope.
Angiogenesis
VEGF ADV-101
HIF-1o ADV-100
1. Kelber, J.A. et al. (2012). KRas induces a Src/PEAK1/ErbB2
kinase amplification loop that drives metastatic growth and
therapy resistance in pancreatic cancer. Cancer Res. 72:2554-
2564. (ADV-101)
2. Qiu, X. et al. (2012). Combined strategy of mesenchymal stem
cell injection with vascular endothelial growth factor gene ther-
apy for the treatment of diabetes-associated erectile dysfunc-
tion. J. Androl. 33:37-44. (ADV-101)
3. Stoletov, K. et al. (2010). Visualizing extravasation dynamics of
metastatic tumor cells. J. Cell Sci. 123:2332-2341. (ADV-101)
4. Serban, D. et al. (2008). H-ras regulates angiogenesis and
vascular permeability by activation of distinct downstream ef-
fectors. Circ. Res. 102(11):1350-1358. (ADV-101)
293AD Cell Line for Adenoviral Packaging and Amplification
The 293AD cell line is derived from the parental 293
cell line, but has been specifically selected for adeno-
virus applications and offers advantages over conven-
tional 293 cells: flattened morphology, firm attach-
ment to culture plates, and a larger surface area for
superior transfection and greater viral yields.
1. Peng, D. et al. (2011). Glutathione peroxidase 7 protects
against oxidative DNA damage in oesophageal cells. Gut
61:1250-1260. (AD-100)
2. Kothari, H. et al. (2010). Cystine 186-cystine 209 disulfide bond
is not essential for the procoagulant activity of tissue factor or
for its de-encryption. Blood 115:4273-4283. (AD-100)
293AD Cell Line 1 x 10
6
Cells AD-100

51
Premade Recombinant Adenoviruses, continued
Actin Cytoskeleton Staining. Cos-7 cells were infected with puri-
fied Ad-Ras V12 (ADV-146) at 50 MOI (multiplicity of infection).
Membrane ruffling was visualized by staining the actin cytoskeleton
with Rhodamine-coupled Phalloidin.
Cytoskeleton Regulation / Small GTPase
Cdc42 ADV-152
Cdc42 L61 (Constitutively Active) ADV-154
Cdc42 N17 (Dominant Negative) ADV-153
PAK1 ADV-202
PAK1 (H83L, H86L) ADV-203
PAK1 (H83L, H86L, K299R) ADV-205
PAK1 (K299R) ADV-207
PAK1 (L107E, T423E) ADV-206
PAK1 (T423E) ADV-204
PAK1 (Kinase Domain) ADV-209
PAK1 (Regulatory Domain) ADV-208
Rac1 ADV-149
Rac1 L61 (Constitutively Active) ADV-151
Rac1 N17 (Dominant Negative) ADV-150
1. Black, S.A. et al. (2008). TGF1 stimulates connective tissue
growth factor (CCN2/CTGF) expression in human gingival
fibroblasts through a RhoA-independent, Rac1/Cdc42-
dependent mechanism: statins with forskolin block TGF1-
induced CCN2/CTGF expression. J. Biol. Chem. 283:10835-
10847. (ADV-145, ADV-150, ADV-153, ADV-156)
2. Mao, Y. et al. (2012). Essential diurnal Rac1 activation during
retinal phagocytosis requires ov5 integrin but not tyrosine
kinases focal adhesion kinase or Mer tyrosine kinase. Mol. Cell
Biol. 23:1104-1114. (ADV-150)
3. Thomas, M.A. et al. (2009). E4orf1 limits the oncolytic potential
of the E1B-55K-deleted adenovirus. J. Virol. 83:2406-2416.
(ADV-150)
4. Yu, W.-M. et al. (2009). Laminin is required for Schwann cell
morphogenesis. J. Cell Sci. 122:929-936. (ADV-150, ADV-153,
ADV-154)
5. Salvati, E. et al. (2014). Evidence for G-quadruplex in the pro-
moter of vegfr-2 and its targeting to inhibit tumor angiogenesis.
Nucleic Acids Res. 42:2945-2957. (ADV-151, ADV-157)
6. Cheng, Z.-J. et al. (2010). Co-regulation of caveolar and Cdc42
-dependent fluid phase endocytosis by phosphocaveolin-1. J.
Biol. Chem. 285:15119-15125. (ADV-153)
7. Neal M. et al. (2013). A critical role for TLR4 induction of auto-
phagy in the regulation of enterocyte migration and the patho-
genesis of necrotizing enterocolitis. J. Immunol. 190:3541-
3551. (ADV-156, ADV-157)
8. Nie, J. et al. (2013). SAD-A kinase controls islet -cell size and
function as a mediator of mTORC1 signaling. PNAS 110:13857
-13862. (ADV-204, ADV-207)
9. Nie, J. et al. (2013). Synapses of amphids defective (SAD-A)
kinase promotes glucose-stimulated insulin secretion through
activation of p21-activated kinase (PAK1) in pancreatic -cells.
J. Biol. Chem. 287:26435-26444. (ADV-204, ADV-207)
Cell Cycle & Transcription Regulation
p53 ADV-501
p53 (Temperature Sensitive Mutant) ADV-502
p68 RNA Helicase ADV-505
Myogenin ADV-509
DCC ADV-504
MyoD ADV-508
Ras N17 (Dominant Negative) ADV-145
Ras V12 (Constitutively Active) ADV-146
Ras V12C40 ADV-148
Ras V12S35 ADV-147
Rho L63 (Constitutively Active) ADV-157
Rho N19 (Dominant Negative) ADV-156
SDF-1o ADV-210
Nguyen, N. et al. (2014). Mitsugumin 53 (MG53) ligase ubiquiti-
nates focal adhesion kinase during skeletal myogenesis. J. Biol.
Chem. 289:3209-3216. (ADV-508)

52
MAP Kinase Signaling
Cdc42 ADV-152
ERK2 ADV-112
ERK2 (Dominant Negative) ADV-113
ERK5 (BMK1) ADV-116
ERK5 (Dominant Negative) ADV-117
Interferon- ADV-103
Interleukin-2 ADV-102
JNK1 ADV-114
JNK1 (Dominant Negative) ADV-115
MAPKAPK2 ADV-137
MAPKAPK2 (Dominant Negative) ADV-138
MAPKAPK2 (Constitutively Active) ADV-139
MEK1 (Dominant Negative) ADV-118
MEK1 (Constitutively Active) ADV-119
MEK5 ADV-129
MEK5 (Dominant Negative) ADV-130
MEK5 (Constitutively Active) ADV-131
MEKK1 ADV-135
MEKK1 (Dominant Negative) ADV-136
MEKK3 ADV-162
Immunoblot of Various
Cell Signaling Targets.
HUVEC cells were in-
fected with purified Ad-
Null (ADV-001), Ad-Ras
V12 (ADV-146), Ad-Ras
V12S35 (ADV-147), Ad-
Ras V12C40 (ADV-148),
Ad-MEK1 (ADV-119),
and Ad-Rac1 L61 (ADV-
151) at 10 MOI
(multiplicity of infection).
Cell lysates were ana-
lyzed for gene expres-
sion and ERK activation.
Rac1 ADV-149
Raf1 ADV-132
Raf1 (Dominant Negative) ADV-133
Raf1 (Constitutively Active) ADV-134
SOK ADV-142
SOK (Dominant Negative) ADV-143
SOK (Constitutively Active) ADV-144
Tac-Rac1 (Membrane Targeting) ADV-164
MKK6 (Dominant Negative) ADV-124
MKK6 (Constitutively Active) ADV-125
MKK7 ADV-126
myr-Rac1 ADV-163
p38o ADV-104
p38o (Dominant Negative) ADV-105
p38| ADV-106
p38| (Dominant Negative) ADV-107
p38 ADV-108
p38 (Dominant Negative) ADV-109
p38o (Dominant Negative) ADV-111
PRAK (Dominant Negative) ADV-141
MKK6 ADV-123
MKK3 ADV-120
See following page for recent citations
using these adenoviruses

53
Tyrosine Kinases and PKCs
CSK ADV-405
CSK (Dominant Negative) ADV-406
Fyn ADV-403
Fyn (Dominant Negative) ADV-404
PKC-o (Dominant Negative) ADV-410
PKC-u (Dominant Negative) ADV-411
PKC-, (Dominant Negative) ADV-412
shAkt1 ADV-417
shAkt2 ADV-418
Src ADV-401
1. Harbrecht, B.G. et al. (2012). Insulin inhibits hepatocyte iNOS
expression induced by cytokines by an Akt-dependent mecha-
nism. Am. J. Physiol. Gastrointest. Liver Physiol 302:G116-
G122. (ADV-105)
2. Jones, S.W. et al. (2009). Mitogen-activated protein kinase-
activated protein kinase (MK2) modulates key biological path-
ways associated with OA disease pathology. Osteoarthritis and
Cartilage 17:124-131. (ADV-105)
3. Kim, J.M. et al. (2008). Inhibition of apoptosis in Bacteroids
fragilis enterotoxin-stimulated intestinal epithelial cells through
the induction of c-IAP-2. Eur. J. Immunol. 38(8):2190-2199.
(ADV-105)
4. Lee, J.Y. et al. (2007). Effects of transcription factor activator
protein-1 on interleukin-8 expression and enteritis in response
to Clostridium difficile toxin A. J. Mol. Med. 85:1393-1404.
(ADV-105, ADV-115)
5. Monick, M. et al. (2008). Constitutive ERK MAPK activity regu-
lates macrophage ATP production and mitochondrial integrity.
J. Immunol. 180:7485-7496. (ADV-112, ADV-113, ADV-118,
ADV-119)
6. Samuel, I. et al. (2008). Enteral exclusion increases MAP
kinase activation and cytokine production in a model of gall-
stone pancreatitis. Pancreatology 8(1):6-14. (ADV-113)
7. Wang, X. et al. (2007). Human immunodeficiency virus prote-
ase inhibitor ritonavir inhibits cholesterol efflux from human
macrophage-derived foam cells. Am. J. of Pathology 171:304-
314. (ADV-113)
8. Jiang, S. et al. (2011). Role of inhibitory kB kinase and c-Jun
NH2-terminal kinase in the development of hepatic insulin re-
sistance in critical illness diabetes. Am. J. Physiol. Gastrointest.
Liver Physiol 301:G454-G463. (ADV-115)
9. Zhang, Z. et al. (2013). MEK inhibition leads to lysosome-
mediated Na+/I symporter protein degradation in human
breast cancer cells. Endocr. Relat. Cancer 20:241-250. (ADV-
118)
10. Matsushita, T. et al. (2009). FGFR3 promotes synchondosis
closure and fusion of ossification centers through the MAPK
pathway. Hum. Mol. Genet. 18:227-240. (ADV-119)
11. Yoon, C-H. et al. (2009). Activation of p38 mitogen-activated
protein kinase is required for death receptor-independent cas-
pase-8 activation and cell death in response to sphingosine.
Mol. Cancer Res. 7(3):361-370. (ADV-119)
12. Tan, S.H. et al. (2009). Regulation of cell proliferation and mi-
gration by TAK1 via transcriptional control of von Hippel-Lindau
tumor suppressor. J. Biol. Chem. 284:18047-18058. (ADV-128)
13. Wu, Y. et al. (2012). ERK5 regulates glucose-induced in-
creased fibronectin production in the endothelial cells and in
the retina in diabetes. Invest. Ophthalmol. Vis. Sci. 53:8405-
8413. (ADV-130)
retinal phagocytosis requires ov5 integrin but not tyrosine
kinases focal adhesion kinase or Mer tyrosine kinase. Mol.
Cell Biol. 23:1104-1114. (ADV-150)
morphogenesis. J. Cell Sci. 122:929-936. (ADV-150)
16. Neal, M. et al. (2013). A critical role for TLR4 induction of auto-
3551. (ADV-156, ADV-157)
17. Taniguchi, C. et al. (2007). The p85a regulatory subunit of
phosphoinositide 3-kinase potentiates c-Jun N-terminal kinase-
mediated insulin resistance. Mol. Cell Biol. 27:2830-2840.
(ADV-161)
MAP Kinase Signaling, continued NFkB Signaling
IkB-o ADV-301
IkB-o S32A (Dominant Negative) ADV-302
IKK-| ADV-305
IKK-| (Dominant Negative) ADV-303
NOD2 ADV-308
Rel B ADV-304
1. Johnston, R.K. et al. (2009). 3-integrin mediated ubiquitination
activates survival signaling during myocardial hypertrophy.
FASEB J. 23(8):2759-2771. (ADV-302)
2. Martin, A.P. et al. (2008). Lapatinib resistance in HCT116 cells
is mediated by elevated MCL-1 expression and decreased BAK
activation and not by ERBB receptor kinase mutation. Mol.
Pharmacol. 74:807-822. (ADV-302)
3. Richardson, W.M. et al. (2010). Nucleotide-binding oligomeri-
zation domain-2 inhibits toll-like receptor-4 signaling in the
intestinal epithelium. Gastroenterology 139(3):904-917. (ADV-
308, ADV-309)
1. Koh, W. et al. (2009). Formation of endothelial lumens requires a
PKC-, Src-, Pak-, and Raf-kinase dependent signaling cascade
downstream of Cdc42 activation. J. Cell Sci. 122:1812-1822. (ADV
-401, ADV-405, ADV-406)
2. Lecuona, E. et al. (2009). Ubiquitination participates in the ly-
sosomal degradation of the Na,K-ATPase in steady state condi-
tions. Am. J. Respir. Cell Mol. Biol. 41(6):617-679. (ADV-412)
3. Vadasz, I. et al. (2008). AMP-activated protein kinase regulates
CO2-induced alveolar epithelial dysfunction in rats and human
cells by promoting Na,K-ATPase endocytosis. J. Clin. Invest. 118
(2):752-762. (ADV-412)
4. Briva, A. et al. (2007). High CO
2
levels impair alveolar epithelial
function independent of pH. PLoS ONE 2(11):e1238. (ADV-412)

54
ViraBind Adenovirus Purification Kits
Purification of Recombinant Ad-|-Gal. Ad--Gal was purified
according to the assay protocol. Each purification fraction was
used to infect A549 cells in a 12-well plate. After 48 hr, cells were
scored using our -Galactosidase Staining Kit (p. 92).
ViraBind Adenovirus Miniprep Kit 1 x 10
11
VP 10 Preps VPK-099
ViraBind Adenovirus Purification Kit 2.5 x 10
12
VP 10 Preps VPK-100
Purification of viruses via cesium chloride (CsCl) ul-
tracentrifugation procedures can be tedious and time-
consuming. ViraBind Adenovirus Purification Kits
use an efficient system for quick adenoviral purifica-
tion with high recovery. No ultracentrifugation is re-
quired. Kits use either a spin column or syringe filter
for high purity adenovirus (see selection guide).
- High Viral Yield: >90% recovery
- High Quality: Provides quality of CsCl procedures,
but in much less time
- Faster Results: 30 minutes (1-2 hrs for Mega kit)
- User-Friendly Protocol: No gradient preparation
or ultracentrifugation steps
0
20
40
60
80
100
V
i
r
a
l

S
u
p
e
r
n
a
t
a
n
t
F
l
o
w
-
t
h
r
o
u
g
h
1
s
t

W
a
s
h

2
n
d

W
a
s
h
E
l
u
t
i
o
n
R
e
l
a
t
i
v
e

V
P

(
%
)
1. Wilkins, H. et al. (2013). Mitochondrial glutathione transport is a
key determinant of neuronal susceptibility to oxidative and
nitrosative stress. J. Biol. Chem. 288:5091-5101. (VPK-099)
2. Wang, Y.S. et al. (2012). MicroRNA-195 regulates vascular
smooth muscle cell phenotype and prevents neointimal forma-
tion. Cardiovasc. Res. 95:517-526. (VPK-099)
3. Kirui, J.K. et al. (2010). Ggamma signaling promotes breast
cancer cell migration and invasion. J. Pharmacol. Exp. Ther.
333:393-403. (VPK-099)
4. Scallan, C. et al. (2013). An adenovirus-based vaccine with a
double-stranded RNA adjuvant protects mice and ferrets
against H5N1 avian influenza in oral delivery models. Clin.
Vaccine Immunol. 20:85-94. (VPK-100)
5. Haidar, M. et al. (2012). Integrin a21 mediates tyrosine phos-
phorylation of vascular endothelial cadherin induced by inva-
sive breast cancer cells. J. Biol. Chem. 287:32981-32992.
(VPK-100)
6. Chen, F. et al. (2011). Dynamic regulation of PDX-1 and
FoxO1 expression by FoxA2 in dexamethasone-induced pan-
creatic -cells dysfunction. Endocrinology 152:1779-1788.
(VPK-100)
7. Prasad, S.S. et al. (2011). Enzymatic activities of the human
AGPAT isoform 3 and isoform 5: localization of AGPAT5 to
mitochondria. J. Lipid Res. 52:451-462. (VPK-100)
8. Agarwal, A.K. et al. (2010). Enyzmatic activity of the human 1-
acylglycerol-3-phosphate-O-acyltransferase isoform 11:
upregulated in breast and cervical cancers. J. Lipid Res.
51:2143-2152. (VPK-100)
9. Triulzi, C. et al. (2010). Antibody-dependent natural killer cell-
mediated cytotoxicity engendered by a kinase-inactive HER2
adenovirus-based vaccination mediates resistance to breast
tumors. Cancer Res. 70:7431-7441. (VPK-100)
10.Sen, P. et al. (2010). Zinc modulates the interaction of protein
C and activated protein C with endothelial protein C receptor. J.
Biol. Chem. 285:20410-20420. (VPK-100)
11.Sabbatini, M. E. et al. (2010). CCK activates RhoA and Rac1
differentially through G-alpha-13 and G-alpha-q in mouse pan-
creatic acini. Am. J. Physiol. Cell Physiol. 298:C592-C605.
(VPK-100)
12.Lam, Y.W. et al. (2010). Proteomics analysis of the nucleolus
in adenovirus-infected cells. Mol. Cell. Proteomics 9:117-130.
(VPK-100)
Selection Guide for ViraBind Adenovirus Purification Kits
ViraBind Adenovirus
Miniprep Kit
ViraBind Adenovirus
Purification Kit
Purification Method Spin column Syringe filter
Purification Time 30 minutes 30 minutes
Capacity/Prep (Viral Particles) 1 x 10
11
VP 2.5 x 10
12
VP
Capacity/Prep (Supernatant)
One T75 flask
or one 10cm dish
Four T75 flasks

55
QuickTiter Adenoviral Titer & Quantitation Kits
QuickTiter Adenovirus Titer Immunoassay Kit. 293AD cells
(p. 42) were infected with different dilutions of purified Ad--Gal for
48 hours. Immunostaining was performed according to the assay
protocol. X-gal staining was performed with -Galactosidase Stain-
ing Kit (p. 106).
Accurate measurement of virus titer is critical for viral
gene delivery. Traditional plaque-forming unit (PFU)
assays are long and have high inter-assay variability.
The QuickTiter Adenovirus Titer Kits provide a
complete system to functionally titer virus infectivity
with greater accuracy in a fraction of the time. The
assays may be used with any adenovirus system that
can amplify in 293 cells. Assays are available for ICC
staining or 96-well ELISA.

For a quick test of physical titer, our QuickTiter
Adenovirus Quantitation Kit measures the concentra-
tion of your adenovirus prep in about one hour.
- Faster, More Accurate and Precise: Compared to
traditional plaque-forming unit assays
- User-Friendly Protocol: No agar overlay steps
- Versatile: Recognize all 41 adenovirus serotypes
QuickTiter Adenovirus Titer Immunoassay Kit ICC Staining 100 Assays VPK-109
QuickTiter Adenovirus Titer ELISA Kit Colorimetric 2 x 96 Assays VPK-110
QuickTiter Adenovirus Quantitation Kit Fluorometric 20 Assays VPK-106
1. Smith, M. et al. (2010). PRDM1/Blimp-1 controls effector cyto-
kine production in human NK cells. J. Immunol. 185:6058-6067.
(VPK-106)
2. Reiter, C.E.N. et al. (2010). Green tea polyphenol epigallocate-
chin gallate reduces endothelin-1 expression and secretion in
vascular endothelial cells: roles for AMP-activated protein
kinase, Akt, and FOXO1. Endocrinology 151:103-114. (VPK-
106)
3. Wilkins, H. et al. (2013). Mitochondrial glutathione transport is a
key determinant of neuronal susceptibility to oxidative and
nitrosative stress. J. Biol. Chem. 288:5091-5101. (VPK-109)
4. Scallan, C. et al. (2013). An adenovirus-based vaccine with a
double-stranded RNA adjuvant protects mice and ferrets
against H5N1 avian influenza in oral delivery models. Clin.
Vaccine Immunol. 20:85-94. (VPK-109)
5. Xiong, X. et al. (2012). The autophagy-related gene 14 (Atg14)
is regulated by forkhead box O transcription factors and cir-
cadian rhythms and plays a critical role in hepatic autophagy
and lipid metabolism. J. Biol. Chem. 287:39107-39114. (VPK-
109)
(VPK-109)
7. Hisamitsu, T. et al. (2012). Na+/H+ exchanger 1 directly binds
to calcineurin A and activates downstream NFAT signaling,
leading to cardiomyocyte hypertrophy. Mol. Cell Biol. 32:3265-
3280. (VPK-109)
8. Lee, S. et al. (2012). Adiponectin abates diabetes-induced
endothelial dysfunction by suppressing oxidative stress, adhe-
sion molecules, and inflammation in type 2 diabetic mice. Am.
J. Heart Circ. Physiol. 303:H106-H115. (VPK-109)
QuickTiter Adenovirus
Titer Immunoassay Kit
Titer ELISA Kit
Quantitation Kit
Functional or
Physical Titer
Functional
(Infectious units)
Functional
(Infectious units)
Physical
(Viral particles)
Assay Time 2.5 days 2.5 days 45-60 minutes
Assay Principle Antibody-based Antibody-based Total nucleic acid content
Detection Method
Immunocytochemical
staining
Colorimetric (ELISA)
plate reader
Fluorescence
plate reader
Key Benefit Accuracy Accuracy Speed
Selection Guide for QuickTiter Adenoviral Quantitation Kits

56
Rapid Replication Competent Adenovirus (RCA) Assay Kit
Rapid RCA Assay Kit
30 Assays VPK-111
5 x 30 Assays VPK-111-5
ICC Staining
This kit uses the assay principles of the QuickTiter
Adenovirus Titer Immunoassay Kit (see page 47), but
is designed specifically to measure the level of repli-
cation-competent virus in your adenoviral prep.
Adenovirus infection of target cells is mediated
largely by the coxsackievirus-adenovirus receptor
(CAR). Generally adenoviral transduction of many
immortalized cell lines proceeds with a high level of
efficiency. However, in many primary cells this re-
ceptor is either absent or present at extremely low-
levels. This can reduce the efficiency of adenovirus
transduction into your cell of choice.

ViraDuctin Adenovirus Transduction Reagent is
designed specifically to increase the efficiency of
adenoviral transduction, without regard to the level
of CAR expression on the surface of the target cells.
- Higher Transduction Efficiency: Up to 12-fold
increase in adenoviral uptake
- User-Friendly: Short incubation step prior to
host cell infection
- Versatile: Ideal for target cells expressing little
or no CAR, but may also improve transduction
efficiency for CAR-expressing cells
10 Transductions AD-200
50 Transductions AD-201
ViraDuctin Adenovirus Transduction Reagent (CAR-Independent)
Enhanced Transduction using ViraDuctin Adenovirus Trans-
duction Reagent. Infection of NIH3T3 cells with recombinant Ad-
-gal (ADV-002). Top: X-gal staining under microscope. Bottom:
scoring of infection with ViraDuctin reagent as a percentage of
infection with control.
0
200
400
600
800
1000
1200
1400
Control ViraDuctin
X
-
G
a
l

S
t
a
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g

P
o
s
i
t
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v
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(
%
)
ViraDuctin Adenovirus Transduction Reagent, CAR-Independent
2. Ackerman, W. et al (2008). Nuclear Factor-kappa B regulates
inducible prostaglandin E synthase expression in human am-
nion mesenchymal cells. Biol. Reprod. 78:68-76.
3. Monick, M. et al. (2008). Constitutive ERK MAPK activity
regulates macrophage ATP production and mitochondrial
integrity. J. Immunol. 180:7485-7496.
*Based on using 6-well plates or 35mm culture dishes; may also be used with 96-,24- or 12-well plates or 60mm or 100mm dishes.
- Faster Results: 2.5 days vs. 10 days with plaque
assay
- Versatile: Recognizes all 41 adenovirus serotypes
Immunostaining of Wild
Type Ad5 using the
Rapid RCA Assay Kit.

57
VIRAL EXPRESSION Lentiviral Expression
Lentiviral Expression Kits & Reagents
As a sub-class of retroviruses, lentiviruses based on HIV-1 have the unique advantage of
being able to infect both proliferating and non-proliferating cells, and they can be used for
both transient and stable gene expression.

We offer a complete workflow solution to your lentiviral expression studies:
- Concentration / Purification Kits
- Expression Systems & Vectors
- Premade Controls
- Viral Host Cell Line
ViraSafe Lentiviral Expression Systems
Lentiviruses based on HIV-1 may infect both dividing
and non-dividing cells. Recently developed third-
generation lentiviral expression systems have re-
duced the risk of creating replication-competent virus
upon recombination, but the risk is still present.

Our ViraSafe Lentiviral Expression Systems pro-
vide a safer and more flexible method to package
your lentivirus, even compared to other third-
generation lentivirus systems.
- Safer: 80-90% less sequence homology compared
to other 3rd-generation lentiviral systems; ecotropic
systems provide even more safety*
- High Titers: Incorporates elements that provide
titers comparable to other 3rd-generation systems
- Flexible: Packaging vectors provided separately for
increased safety and optimization of vector ratios
Lenti virus Production using the ViraSafe Lenti viral
Expression System.
*Lentiviruses made with a ViraSafe
Ecotropic Expression System will only
readily infect mouse and rat cells. Pan-
tropic lentiviruses are VSVG-pseudotyped
and may infect cells of any species.
ViraSafe Lentiviral Technology is available in three
formats (see next two pages for ordering information):
- Complete Expression Systems: Include 3 packag-
ing plasmids, expression vector and control vector
- Packaging Systems: Include the 3 individual pack-
aging plasmids; ideal if you already have a 3rd-
generation lentiviral expression construct
- Expression Vectors: 11 cloning vectors to choose
from; compatible with any 2nd or 3rd generation
packaging system, but produce the highest titers with
the ViraSafe packaging system

58
Product Name Envelope Size Catalog Number
ViraSafe Universal Lentiviral Expression System (Promoterless)
Ecotropic 1 Kit VPK-211-ECO
Pantropic (VSVG) 1 Kit VPK-211-PAN
ViraSafe Lentiviral Expression System (Puro)
ViraSafe Lentiviral Expression System (Neo)
ViraSafe Lentiviral Expression System (Hygro)
ViraSafe Lentiviral Bicistronic Expression System (Puro)
ViraSafe Lentiviral Bicistronic Expression System (Neo)
ViraSafe Lentiviral Bicistronic Expression System (Hygro)
ViraSafe Lentiviral Bicistronic Expression System (GFP)
ViraSafe Lentiviral Bicistronic Expression System (Blasticidin)
ViraSafe shRNA Lentiviral Expression System (GFP)
ViraSafe shRNA Lentiviral Expression System (Puro)
ViraSafe Lentiviral Expression Systems, continued
Complete ViraSafe Expression Systems include
three individual packaging plasmids, an expression
vector, and a control vector. Choose an ecotropic
system for infection of mouse or rat cells, or a pan-
tropic system to produce VSVG-pseudotyped lenti-
virus for infection of cells from any species.
ViraSafe Lentiviral Packaging Systems
ViraSafe Packaging Systems contain 3 packaging
plasmids for use with any 3rd-generation lentiviral
expression vector. These systems are perfect if you
already have a lentiviral construct containing your
gene of interest.
Product Name Envelope Size Catalog Number
ViraSafe Lentiviral Packaging System
Ecotropic 1 Kit VPK-205
1 Kit VPK-206 Pantropic (VSVG)
Davis, M. et al. (2013). RAC1P29S is a spontaneously activating
cancer-associated GTPase. PNAS 110:912-917. (VPK-214-PAN)
Vogt, J. et al. (2014). Protein associated with SMAD1 (PAWS1/
FAM83G) is a substrate for type I bone morphogenetic protein
receptors and modulates bone morphogenetic protein signaling.
Open Bio. 4:130210. (VPK-206)

1. Rossello, R.A. et al. (2013). Mammalian genes induce partially reprogrammed pluripotent stem cells in non-mammalian vertebrate and
invertebrate species. eLife Sci. 2:e00036.
2. Dillahunt, S. et al. (2013). Usage of sphingosine kinase isoforms in mast cells is species and/or cell type determined. J. Immunol.
190:2058-2067.
59
293LTV Lentiviral Cell Line
293LTV Cell Line 1 x 10
6
Cells LTV-100
ViraSafe Lentiviral Expression Vectors
pSMPUW Universal Lentiviral Expression Vector (Promoterless) 10 g VPK-211
pSMPUW-Puro Lentiviral Expression Vector 10 g VPK-212
pSMPUW-Neo Lentiviral Expression Vector 10 g VPK-213
pSMPUW-Hygro Lentiviral Expression Vector 10 g VPK-214
pSMPUW-IRES-Puro Lentiviral Expression Vector 10 g VPK-215
pSMPUW-IRES-Neo Lentiviral Expression Vector 10 g VPK-216
pSMPUW-IRES-GFP Lentiviral Expression Vector 10 g VPK-218
pSMPUW-IRES-Bsd Lentiviral Expression Vector 10 g VPK-219
pSMPUW-U6-Puro Lentiviral Expression Vector 10 g VPK-221
pSMPUW-IRES-Hygro Lentiviral Expression Vector 10 g VPK-217
pSMPUW-U6-GFP Lentiviral Expression Vector 10 g VPK-222
Cloning Capacity
9.4 kb
7.9 kb
7.7 kb
7.4 kb
7.8 kb
7.5 kb
7.3 kb
7.6 kb
7.9 kb
7.7 kb
7.6 kb
These lentiviral expression vectors may be used with
any 2nd or 3rd generation lentiviral packaging sys-
tem, but best results are achieved when used with
our ViraSafe Lentiviral Packaging Systems.
Lentiviral Control Plasmids
pLenti-GFP Lentiviral Control Vector 10 g LTV-400
pSMPUW-GFP-Puro Lentiviral Control Vector 10 g LTV-401
pSMPUW-MNDnLacZ Lentiviral Control Vector 10 g LTV-402
pLenti-RFP-Puro Lentiviral Control Vector 100 L LTV-403
Premade Reporter Lentivirus Controls
Product Name Concentration Size Catalog Number
GFP Lentivirus Control 1 x 10
6
TU/mL 200 L LTV-300
RFP Lentivirus Control 1 x 10
6
TU/mL 200 L LTV-301
1. Sankaran, V.G. et al. (2011). MicroRNA-15a and -16-1 act via
MYB to elevate hemoglobin expression in human trisomy 13.
PNAS 108(4):1519-1524. (VPK-212)
2. Davis, M. et al. (2013). RAC1P29S is a spontaneously activating
cancer-associated GTPase. PNAS 110:912-917. (VPK-214)
Our 293LTV cell line was selected from the parental 293T cell line for firmer attachment to culture plates and
larger, rounder morphology for greater lentiviral production.

Assay Principle for the QuickTiter Lenti virus Titer Kit. Lenti-
virus particles are packaged with p24 protein, but additional free
p24 protein is present in viral supernatant. A traditional p24 ELISA
detects both sources of p24 which overestimates viral titer. The
QuickTiter Lentivirus Titer Kit uses technology to pull the virus
out of solution prior to quantitation for a more accurate viral titer.
60
QuickTiter Lentivirus Titer / Quantitation Kits
Measuring lentiviral titer is important prior to infection
of your target cells, and one of the most published
methods is the p24 ELISA. Our traditional p24 ELISA
kit provides a quick, convenient way to quantify the
concentration of your HIV-1 based lentivirus.

One disadvantage of using a traditional p24 ELISA to
quantify lentivirus is the overexpression of p24 during
lentiviral packaging. Free p24 protein may account for
a substantial portion of total p24 in lentiviral super-
natant. The traditional p24 ELISA detects both virus-
associated p24 and free p24 generated by 293T cells
during transient transfection. Our QuickTiter Lenti-
virus Titer Kit minimizes the overestimation of p24 in
lentivirus supernatant. Our proprietary technology
separates the lentivirus-associated p24 from free p24
protein prior to performing the ELISA.

If you need a very quick estimate of your lentiviral
concentration, try the QuickTiter Lentivirus Quanti-
tation Kit. This kit specifically measures the viral nu-
cleic acid content of purified virus or unpurified viral
supernatant. This method is ideal for a quick meas-
urement of viral titer, either before or after purification
of your lentivirus.
- More Accurate: Exclusive technology in Quick-
Titer Lentivirus Titer Kit minimizes overestima-
tion of virus titer
- User-Friendly: Read results on a standard
microplate reader
Selection Guide for QuickTiter Lentivirus Quantitation & Titer Kits
QuickTiter
Lentivirus Titer Kit
(Lentivirus-Associated p24 ELISA)
QuickTiter
Lentivirus Quantitation Kits
(Traditional p24 ELISA)
QuickTiter
Lentivirus
Quantitation Kit
Assay Principle
p24 ELISA with proprietary
technology to separate
free p24 from viral p24
p24 ELISA
Measures
nucleic acid content
Suitable Viruses Recombinant HIV-1
Recombinant or native
HIV-1
HIV-1, FIV, SIV
Detection Method
plate reader
plate reader
Fluorescence
plate reader
Key Benefit Accuracy Most Published Speed (45-60 min.)

QuickTiter Lentivirus Titer / Quantitation Kits, continued
0
0.2
0.4
0.6
0.8
1
1.2
Culture medium GFP Lentiviral
Supernatant
O
D

4
5
0

n
m
p24 Titer of GFP Lenti viral Supernatant. GFP lentiviral construct
was cotransfected with a packaging mix into 293 cells. The condi-
tioned medium was harvested 48 hrs after transfection and used to
further infect 293 cells. The p24 level of the diluted lentiviral super-
natant (1:10 dilution) was determined as described in the assay
protocol.
61
0
0.2
0.4
0.6
0.8
1
1.2
1.4
1.6
1.8
0 25 50 75 100
p24 (ng/mL)
O
D

4
5
0
n
m
p24 i n supernatant
p24 i n pel l et
QuickTiter Lentivirus Titer Kit (Lentivirus-Associated HIV p24 ELISA) Colorimetric
96 Assays VPK-107
QuickTiter Lentivirus Quantitation Kit (HIV-1 p24 ELISA) Colorimetric
96 Assays VPK-108-H
5 x 96 Assays VPK-108-H-5
QuickTiter Lentivirus Quantitation Kit Fluorometric
20 Assays VPK-112
Free p24 Does not Complex with ViraBind Reagents. Recom-
binant p24 was diluted in culture medium and treated with Vira-
Bind Lentivirus Reagents A and B found in the QuickTiter
Lentivirus Titer Kit. The amount of p24 in the supernatant and the
pellet was measured according to the assay protocol.
1. Belaner, K. et al. (2013). Binding of RNA by APOBEC3G con-
trols deamination-independent restriction of retroviruses. J. Exp.
Biol. 216:2213-2220. (VPK-107)
2. Yu, X. et al. (2012). Identification of Hepatitis B virus inhibitors
targeting different aspects of infection using a cell-based assay.
Antimicrob. Agents Chemother. 56:6109-6120. (VPK-107)
3. Walker, K. et al. (2012). Depletion of GGA1 and GGA3 mediates
postinjury elevation of BACE1. J. Neurosci. 32:10423-10437.
(VPK-107)
4. Zhou, B. et al. (2012). Interactions between -catenin and
Transforming growth factor- signaling pathways mediate
epithelial-mesenchymal transition and are dependent on the
transcriptional co-activator cAMP-response element-binding
protein (CREB)-binding. J. Biol. Chem. 287:7026-7038. (VPK-
107)
5. Nedelec, A.D. et al. (2012). Noonan Syndrome-causing SHP2
mutants inhibit insulin-like growth factor 1 release via growth
hormone-induced ERK hyperactivation, which contributes to
short stature. PNAS 109:4257-4262. (VPK-107)
6. Lavender, H. et al. (2012). In vitro characterization of the activity
of PF-05095808, a novel biological agent for Hepatitis C virus
therapy. Antimicrob. Agents Chemother. 56:1364-1375. (VPK-
107)
7. Keck, Z.Y. et al. (2011). Mapping a region of Hepatitis C virus
E2 that is responsible for escape from neutralizing antibodies
and a core CD81-binding region that does not tolerate neutrali-
zation escape mutations. J. Virol. 85:10451-10463. (VPK-107)
8. Sanchez-Antequera, Y. et al. (2011). Magselectofection: an
integrated method of nanomagnetic separation and genetic
modification of target cells. Blood 117:e171-e181. (VPK-107)
9. Yi, S.H. et al. (2014). Foxa2 acts as a co-activator potentiating
expression of the Nurr1-induced DA phenotype via epigenetic
regulation. Development 141:761-772. (VPK-108-H)
10. Smith, B. et al. (2013). Targeting the PyMT oncogene to diverse
mammary cell populations enhances tumor heterogeneity and
generates rare breast cancer subtypes. Genes & Cancer
10.1177/1947601913475359. (VPK-108-H)
11. Iftikhar, M. et al. (2011). Lysyl oxidase-like-2 (LOXL2) is a major
isoform in chondrocytes and is critically required for differentia-
tion. J. Biol. Chem. 286:909-918. (VPK-108-H)
12. Agrawal-Gamse, C. et al. (2010). Yeast-elicited cross-reactive to
HIV Env glycans efficiently neutralize virions expressing exclu-
sively high mannose N-linked glycans. J. Virol. 85(1):470-480.
(VPK-108-H)
13. Rossello, R.A. et al. (2013). Mammalina genes induce partially
reprogrammed pluripotent stem cells in non-mammalian verte-
brate and invertebrate species. eLife Sci. 2:e00036. (VPK-112)
14. Fan, X. et al. (2012). Transient, inducible, placenta-specific gene
expression in mice. Endocrinology 153:5637-5644. (VPK-112)
15. Veeraraghavalu, K. et al. (2010). Presinilin 1 mutants impair the
self-renewal and differentiation of adult murine subventricular
zone-neuronal progenitors via cell-autonomous mechanisms
involving notch signaling. J. Neurosci. 30:6903-6915. (VPK-112)

62
ViraBind Lentivirus Concentration & Purification Kits
Lenti virus Concentration and Purification Procedure.
Ultracentrifugation methods used for lentiviral super-
natants are tedious and time-consuming and usually
only partially purify your virus. Alternatively, filter-
based methods have low sample capacity and do
not substantially concentrate the virus.

ViraBind Lentivirus Concentration and Purification
Kits produce purified lentivirus with extremely high
titer without the need for ultracentrifugation. The virus
is pelleted from solution using our proprietary isola-
tion technology, then resuspended in a smaller vol-
ume. The resuspended lentivirus is then applied to
either a purification column or a dialysis device for
purification. If desired, the purified virus may be fur-
ther concentrated using a centrifugal concentrator.
- Fast: Obtain purified virus in about 4-6 hours
with column-based kits and 10-24 hours with
dialysis-based kits
- High Titer: Concentrate up to 500-fold to as
high as 10
8
-10
10
TU/ml, sufficient for in vivo
studies
- High Yield: Recover >60%
ViraBind Lentivirus Concentration and Purification Kit (100 ml/prep)
2 Preps VPK-090
5 Preps VPK-091
25 Preps VPK-091-5
ViraBind PLUS Lentivirus Concentration and Purification Kit (50 ml/prep) 2 Preps VPK-095
2 Preps VPK-096
10 Preps VPK-096-5
ViraBind PLUS Lentivirus Concentration and Purification Mega Kit (500 ml/prep)
Selection Guide for Lentivirus Concentration & Purification Kits
ViraBind
Lentivirus
Concentration and
Purification Kit
ViraBind PLUS
Lentivirus
Concentration and
Purification Kit
ViraBind PLUS
Lentivirus
Concentration and
Purification Mega Kit
Purification
Method
Proprietary Reagent Cocktail
+ Purification Column
+ Dialysis
+ Dialysis
Total Time 6-8 hours 10-24 hours 10-24 hours
Capacity per Prep
(Supernatant)
100 mL 50 mL 500 mL

63
ViraDuctin Lentivirus Transduction Kit
40 Transductions LTV-200
200 Transductions LTV-201
ViraDuctin Lentivirus Transduction Kit
Transduction of 293AD and HT-1080 Cells. 293AD cells (p. 36) and HT-1080 cells were each seeded at 50,000 cells/well in a 24-
well plate overnight. Cells were infected with GFP lentivirus for 48 hours in the presence of no additive (left), Polybrene
(middle) or
the ViraDuctin reagent cocktail (right).
Transduction Efficiencies in Various Cell Lines. NIH3T3
cells, HeLa cells, our own 293AD cells (page 36) and HT-1080
cells were each seeded at 50,000 cells/well in a 24-well plate
overnight. Cells were infected with GFP lentivirus for 48 hours in
the presence of Polybrene
or ViraDuctin Lentivirus Transduc-

tion Kit. For each cell line, fluorescence levels using the Vira-
Ductin system are depicted relative to a normalized fluores-
cence of 100 for Polybrene
.
Lentivirus transduction efficiency is typically low. Ad-
ditives such as Polybrene
can boost transduction

efficiencies, but even then only a small fraction of len-
tiviral vectors can transduce many target cell lines.

Our ViraDuctin Lentivirus Transduction Kit provides
superior transduction efficiencies in a variety of cell
lines, even when compared to transductions in the
presence of Polybrene
.
- Higher Transduction Efficiency: 2-6x higher in
many cell lines compared to Polybrene
- More Robust: Useful for transduction of nonper-
missive cells, including primary cells and stem cells
Polybrene is a registered trademark of Abbott Laboratories.
*Based on a 24-well plate. Can also be used with 96-well, 12-well or 6-well plates, as well as 60mm or 100mm dishes. See product insert.
0
100
200
300
400
500
600
700
N
I
H
3
T
3
H
e
L
a
2
9
3
H
T
-
1
0
8
0
N
o
r
m
a
l
i
z
e
d

G
F
P

F
l
u
o
r
e
s
c
e
n
c
e
Polybrene
ViraDuctin
1. Rossello, R.A. et al. (2013). Mammalina genes induce partially
reprogrammed pluripotent stem cells in non-mammalian verte-
brate and invertebrate species. eLife Sci. 2:e00036.
2. McEachron, T.A. et al. (2010). Protease-activated receptors
mediate crosstalk between coagulation and fibrinolysis. Blood
116:5037-5044.
3. Zemskova, M. et al. (2010). p53-dependent induction of prostate
cancer cell senescence by the PIM1 protein kinase. Mol. Cancer
Res. 8:1126-1141.

VIRAL EXPRESSION Retroviral Expression
64
Retroviral Expression Kits & Reagents
Traditional retroviral vectors based on MMLV are useful for integrating genetic material
into the host cell genome. However, retrovirus titer tends to be significantly lower than
that of adenovirus, which can lead to a lower infection efficiency.

Our retroviral reagents and kits incorporate technologies that increase your chances of
successful retroviral expression. We offer a comprehensive solution from start to finish:
- Gene-Specific Retroviral Vectors
- Concentration / Purification Kits
- Retroviral Expression Systems
- Retroviral Packaging Cell Lines
- Retroviral Cloning & Expression
Vectors
Platinum-E Retroviral Packaging Cell Line, Ecotropic >3 x 10
6
cells RV-101
Platinum-A Retroviral Packaging Cell Line, Amphotropic >3 x 10
6
cells RV-102
Platinum-GP Retroviral Packaging Cell Line, Pantropic >3 x 10
6
cells RV-103
pVSV-G Packaging Vector 10 g RV-110
Platinum Retroviral Packaging Cell Lines
1. Schmidt, T. et al. (2013). CXCR4 promotes B cell egress from
Peyers patches. J. Exp. Med. 10.1084/jem.20122574. (RV-101)
2. Wahlestedt, M. et al. (2013). An epigenetic component of hemato-
poietic stem cell aging amenable to reprogramming into a young
state. Blood 121:4257-4264. (RV-101)
3. Zhong, S. et al. (2013). T-cell receptor affinity and avidity defines
antitumor response and autoimmunity in T-cell immunotherapy.
PNAS 110:6973-6978. (RV-101)
4. Nam, Y.J. et al. (2013). Reprogramming of human fibroblasts to-
ward a cardiac fate. PNAS 110:5588-5593. (RV-102)
5. Hrdlickova, R. et al. (2012). Alternatively spliced telomerase re-
verse transcriptase variants lacking telomerase activity stimulate
cell proliferation. Mol. Cell Biol. 32:4283-4296. (RV-102)
6. Nowakowski, T. et al. (2013). MicroRNA-92b regulates the devel-
opment of intermediate cortical progenitors in embryonic mouse
brain. PNAS 110:7056-7061. (RV-103)
7. Cavnar, P.J. et al. (2012). The actin regulatory protein HS1 inter-
acts with Arp2/3 and mediates efficient neutrophil chemotaxis. J.
Biol. Chem. 287:25466-25477. (RV-103)
Generate high titers of recombinant retrovirus with a
single plasmid transfection* using these extremely
powerful, stable cell lines. Platinum Retroviral Packag-
ing Cells are based on the 293T cell line and exhibit
greater stability and produce higher yields of retroviral
structure proteins, resulting in higher retroviral titers.

The Platinum cell lines were invented in the laboratory
of Dr. Toshio Kitamura at the University of Tokyo and
are available exclusively from Cell Biolabs. They were
first described in the following paper:
Morita, S. et al. (2000). Gene Therapy 7:1063-1066.
Plat-A Cells
(Amphotropic)
Plat-E Cells
(Ecotropic)
Plat-GP Cells
(Pantropic*)
Human +++ N.S. +++
Mouse +++ +++ +++
Rat +++ +++ +++
Monkey +++ N.S. +++
Cat +++ N.S. +++
Dog +++ N.S. +++
Hamster + N.S. +++
Bird N.S. N.S. +++
Fish N.S. N.S. +++
Frog N.S. N.S. +++
Insect N.S. N.S. +++
Mollusk N.S. N.S. +++
*Plat-GP cells must be co-transfected with a pantropic envelope
protein such as VSV-G.

N.S. = Not Suitable
Suitability of Platinum Retroviral Packaging Cell Lines by Host
Species.
Not sure which Platinum Expression System is right
for you? See the table below for a selection guide
based on the host species of your target cell.

65
Platinum Retroviral Packaging Cells and Expression Systems
Our Platinum Retroviral Expression Systems incorpo-
rate superior packaging cell lines and vector technolo-
gies to produce high-titer virus with a single plasmid
transfection. Each Platinum Expression System in-
cludes one of our exclusive Platinum Packaging Cell
Lines which stably express the gag and pol genes. In
the Ecotropic and Amphotropic systems, the packag-
ing cells also express the envelope protein.* Simply
clone your gene of interest into the vector provided
and transfect into the Platinum cells.

Platinum Retroviral Expression Systems contain eve-
rything you need to generate your recombinant retro-
virus: packaging cell line, expression vector, and GFP
control vector. Our pantropic systems also contain a
VSVG envelope vector.
Retrovirus Production Using the Platinum Expression
Systems (Ecotropic and Amphotropic).
- Higher Viral Yields: Average titer 10
7
infectious
units/mL with transient transfection
- Longer Stability: Expression up to 4 months in the
presence of drug selection
- Optimized Systems: 3 packaging cell lines for in-
fection of various species; 3 vector backbones (two
specifically for infection of stem cells)
- Flexible: Order complete systems or cells and vec-
tors separately
Product Name Expression Vector Packaging Cell Catalog Number
Platinum Retroviral Expression System, Ecotropic pMXs-Puro Plat-E VPK-300
Platinum Retroviral Expression System, Amphotropic pMXs-Puro Plat-A VPK-301
Platinum Retroviral Expression System, Pantropic pMXs-Puro Plat-GP VPK-302
Platinum ES/EC Retroviral Expression System, Ecotropic pMCs-Puro Plat-E VPK-303
Platinum ES/EC Retroviral Expression System, Amphotropic pMCs-Puro Plat-A VPK-304
Platinum ES/EC Retroviral Expression System, Pantropic pMCs-Puro Plat-GP VPK-305
Platinum HSC Retroviral Expression System, Ecotropic pMYs-Puro Plat-E VPK-306
Platinum HSC Retroviral Expression System, Amphotropic pMYs-Puro Plat-A VPK-307
Platinum HSC Retroviral Expression System, Pantropic pMYs-Puro Plat-GP VPK-308
1. Aoi, N. et al. (2012). 1a,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 modulates the hair
-inductive capacity of dermal papilla cells: therapeutic potential for
hair regeneration. Stem Cells Trans Med. 1:615-626. (VPK-301)
2. Wang, N. et al. (2013). Lacritin rescues stressed epithelia via rapid
forkhead box O3 (FOXO3)-associated autophagy that restores
metabolism. J. Biol. Chem. 288:18146-18161. (VPK-302)
3. Tanaka, T. et al. (2012). Anthracycline inhibits recruitment of hy-
poxia-inducible transcription factors and suppresses tumor cell
migration and cardiac angiogenic response in the host. J. Biol.
Chem. 287:34866-34882. (VPK-302)
*Pantropic systems require co-transfection with the provided
VSVG envelope vector.

66
Retroviral Cloning & Expression Vectors
Our Retroviral Expression Vectors are based on
backbones derived from Moloney murine leukemia
virus (MMLV). We offer the traditional pBABE system
and the novel pMXs system, which has been shown
to be useful in induced pluripotent stem cell (iPS)
studies. pMYs vectors are optimal for use with hema-
topoietic stem cells, and pMCs vectors are optimal for
ES and EC cells. All cloning vectors are supplied as
10 g in TE buffer.
Vector Name Cloning Capacity Catalog Number
pMXs-U6-GFP 5 kb RTV-071
pMXs-U6-Puro 5.1 kb RTV-070
pMXs-U6-Puro-shGFP RTV-055
pMXs-U6-Puro-shLuc RTV-056
1. Duran, P.P. et al. (2012). UNG shapes the specificity of AID-
induced somatic hypermutation. J. Exp. Med. 209:1379-1389.
(RTV-001-HYGRO)
2. Miyoshi, N. et al. (2010). Defined factors induce reprogramming
of gastrointestinal cancer cells. PNAS 107:40-45. (RTV-010)
3. Parikh, C. et al. (2012). Disruption of PH-kinase domain interac-
tions leads to oncogenic activation of AKT in human cancers.
PNAS 109:19368-19373. (RTV-012)
4. Zhang, Q. et al. (2013). TNF-a impairs differentiation and func-
tion of TGF--induced Treg cells in autoimmune diseases
through Akr and Smad3 signaling pathway. J. Mol. Cell Biol.
10.1093/jmcb/jms063. (RTV-013)
5. Sugatani, T. et al. (2011). A microRNA expression signature of
osteoclastogenesis. Blood 117:3648-3657. (RTV-014, RTV-016)
Retroviral Cloning Vectors for General
Gene Expression (driven by 5 LTR)
pBABEhygro 5.6 kb RTV-001-HYGRO
pBABEneo 5.9 kb RTV-003
pBABEpuro 6 kb RTV-001-PURO
pBABEzeo 6.3 kb RTV-004
pMXs 5.4 kb RTV-010
pMXs-IRES-Bsd 5.6 kb RTV-016
pMXs-IRES-GFP 5.3 kb RTV-013
pMXs-IRES-Neo 5.2 kb RTV-015
pMXs-IRES-Puro 5.4 kb RTV-014
pMXs-Neo 3.8 kb RTV-011
pMXs-Puro 4.4 kb RTV-012
pMZs 5.3 kb RTV-030
Retroviral Cloning Vectors with
Strong Promoters for Overexpression
pMXs-CAG 5.2 kb RTV-064
pMXs-CMV 5.5 kb RTV-065
pMXs-EF1o 5.5 kb RTV-063
pMXs-EF1-Bsd 4.2 kb RTV-062
pMXs-EF1-GFP 3.9 kb RTV-061
pMXs-EF1-Puro 4 kb RTV-060
pMXs-SRo 5.4 kb RTV-066
Retroviral Cloning Vectors
for use with ES/EC Cells
pMCs-IRES-GFP 5.2 kb RTV-040
pMCs-Puro 4.3 kb RTV-041
for use with Hematopoietic Cells
pMYs 5.2 kb RTV-020
pMYs-IRES-GFP 5.2 kb RTV-021
pMYs-IRES-Neo 5.2 kb RTV-023
pMYs-IRES-Puro 5.4 kb RTV-022
pMYs-Puro 4.3 kb RTV-024
Retroviral Cloning Vector for miRNA
pMXs-miR-GFP/Puro 4.2 kb RTV-017
for shRNA
1. Malicet, C. et al. (2011). Distinct properties of human HMGN5
reveal a rapidly evolving but functionally conserved nucleosome
binding protein. Mol. Cell Biol. 31:2742-2755. (RTV-040)
2. Mochizunki, Y. et al. (2013). Phosphatidylinositol 3-phosphate
myotubularin-related protein 6 (MTMR6) is regulated by small
GTPase Rab1b in the early secretory and autophagic pathways.
J. Biol. Chem. 288:1009-1021. (RTV-041)
Mansour, M. et al. (2013). The TAL1 complex targets the FBXW7
tumor suppressor by activating miR-223 in human T cell acute
lymphoblastic leukemia. J. Exp. Med. 210:1545-1557. (RTV-017)

67
www.cellbiolabs.com
Retroviral Packaging Vectors and Cells
These constructs are ideal for researchers who prefer a traditional multi-plasmid transfection of 293 cells for
packaging recombinant retrovirus.
pCMV-10A1 Envelope Vector 100 L RV-114
pCMV-Ampho Envelope Vector 100 L RV-113
pCMV-Eco Envelope Vector 100 L RV-112
pCMV-Gag-Pol Retroviral Vector 10 g RV-111
pCMV-VSV-G Envelope Vector 10 g RV-110
1. Amagai, Y. et al. (2013). Stem cell factor contributes to tumorigenesis of mast cells via an autocrine/paracrine mechanism. J. Leukoc.
Biol. 93:245-250. (RV-110)
2. Okamoto, K. et al. (2012). Dengue virus strain DEN2 16681 utilizes a specific glycochain of syndecan-2 proteoglycan as a receptor. J.
Gen. Virol. 93:761-770. (RV-110, RV-111)
c-Abl pBABEpuro RTV-402
c-Abl-TM pBABEpuro RTV-403
c-Abl (1-565) pBABEpuro RTV-404
c-Abl (1-958) pBABEpuro RTV-405
pBABEhygro RTV-007
pBABEneo RTV-005
pBABEpuro RTV-006
p53 pBABEpuro RTV-401
hTERT
Cell Cycle
Huang, J. et al. (2009). Regulation of the leucocyte chemoattrac-
tant receptor FPR in glioblastoma cells by cell differentiation.
Carcinogenesis 30(2):348-355. (RTV-401)
Reporter Genes
GFP RTV-002
GFP RTV-051
Vector Backbone
pBABE
pMCs
GFP pMX RTV-050
GFP pMYs RTV-052
GFP-Puro pMX RTV-053
1. Hrdlickova, R. et al. (2012). Alternatively spliced telomerase
reverse transcriptase variants lacking telomerase activity stimu-
late cell proliferation. Mol. Cell Biol. 32:4283-4296. (RTV-002)
2. Wahlestedt, M. et al. (2013). An epigenetic component of hema-
topoietic stem cell aging amenable to reprogramming into a
young state. Blood 121:4257-4264. (RTV-050)
Autophagy
GFP-LC3 pMXs RTV-801
This vector is supplied with a separate pMXs-GFP
control vector at no additional cost.
These constructs are based on backbones derived
from MMLV, Vectors with GFP or stem cell factors are
supplied as 10 g of plasmid in TE buffer. All other vec-
tors are supplied as 100 L of bacterial glycerol stock.
Product listing continues on the following pages.
Gene-Specific Recombinant Retroviral Vectors
info@cellbiolabs.com
293RTV Cell Line
293RTV Cell Line >1 x 10
6
cells RV-100
Our 293RTV cells are derived from the 293 parental cell line, but are selected for firmer attachment to culture
plates, faster growth and higher yields of retrovirus produced.

Vector Name Vector Backbone Mutation State Catalog Number
ERK2 pBABEhygro Dominant Negative RTV-109
JNK1 pBABEpuro Dominant Negative RTV-110
MAPKAPK2
pBABEpuro Constitutively Active RTV-118
pBABEpuro Dominant Negative RTV-119
MAPKAPK3
MEK1
pBABEhygro Constitutively Active RTV-112
pBABEhygro Dominant Negative RTV-111
MKK3
MKK6
myr-Akt1 pWZLneo Constitutively Active RTV-125
p38o pBABEhygro Dominant Negative RTV-105
p38| pBABEhygro Dominant Negative RTV-106
p38 pBABEhygro Dominant Negative RTV-107
p38o pBABEhygro Dominant Negative RTV-108
PI3K p110o-CAAX pWZLneo Constitutively Active RTV-124
Raf1-CAAX pWZLneo Constitutively Active RTV-113
PRAK
68
AUF1 pBABEpuro RTV-305
hnRNPA0 pBABEpuro RTV-310
hnRNP-A2 pBABEpuro RTV-340
HuB pBABEpuro RTV-302
HuC pBABEpuro RTV-303
HuD pBABEpuro RTV-301
HuR pBABEpuro RTV-304
PABP pBABEpuro RTV-307
Stat5A pMXs RTV-330
Stat5A(1*6) pMXs RTV-331
Transcription Regulation
Gene-Specific Recombinant Retroviral Vectors, continued
Stat5A-IRES-GFP pMXs RTV-332
Stat5A(1*6)-IRES-
GFP
pMXs RTV-333
Stat5B pMXs RTV-334
Stat5B(1*6) pMXs RTV-335
TIA-1 pBABEpuro RTV-309
TIAR pBABEpuro RTV-308
TTP pBABEpuro RTV-306
Yu, Y. et al. (2012). Bcl11a is essential for lymphoid development
and negatively regulates p53. J. Exp. Med. 209:2467-2483. (RTV-
331)

69
Gene-Specific Recombinant Retroviral Vectors, continued
Cytoskeleton Regulation
iPS / Stem Cell Factors
4-Vector Set* pMXs RTV-701-C
6-Vector Set** pMXs RTV-709-C
c-Myc pMXs RTV-703
Klf4 pMXs RTV-704
Lin-28 pMXs RTV-710
NANOG pMXs RTV-709
Sox2 pMXs RTV-702
*4-Vector sets contain individual constructs with the following genes: c-Myc, Klf4, Oct-3/4 and Sox2.
**6-Vector sets contain individual constructs with the following genes: c-Myc, Klf4, Oct-3/4, Sox2, Lin-28 and NANOG.
4-Vector Set* pMXs RTV-705-C
6-Vector Set** pMXs RTV-711-C
c-Myc pMXs RTV-707
Klf4 pMXs RTV-708
Lin-28 pMXs RTV-712
NANOG pMXs RTV-711
Sox2 pMXs RTV-706
Human iPS Genes Mouse iPS Genes
Proteases and Related Molecules
Gutova, M. et al (2008). Urokinase plasminogen activator and
urokinase plasminogen activator receptor mediate human stem
cell tropism to malignant solid tumors. Stem Cells 26:1406-1413.
(RTV-501, RTV-502)
uPA RTV-501
uPAR RTV-502
Vector Backbone
pBABEpuro
pBABEhygro
Zhao, B. et al. (2012). TNF-induced osteoclastogenesis and inflammatory bone resorption are inhibited by transcription factor RBP-J. J.
Exp. Med. 209:2467-2483. (RTV-101)
Target Name Vector Backbone Mutation State Catalog Number
Cdc42 pBABEhygro L61 RTV-203
K-Ras
pBABEpuro N/A RTV-220
pWZLhygro Q61 RTV-221
myr-Rac1
N/A RTV-201
V12 RTV-206
Rac1 pBABEhygro V12 RTV-202
N-Ras pBABEpuro K61 RTV-222
Rac3 pBABEhygro V12 RTV-205
Ras
pBABEpuro V12 RTV-101
pBABEpuro V12C40 RTV-104
pBABEpuro V12G37 RTV-103
pBABEpuro V12S35 RTV-102
RhoA pBABEhygro L63 RTV-204
pBABEpuro

70
ViraBind Retrovirus Concentration & Purification Kits
- Fast: Obtain purified virus in about 4-6 hours
- High Titer: Concentrate 500-fold to 10
9
-10
10

TU/ml, sufficient for in vivo studies
- High Yield: Recover >60%
- High Throughput: Process greater volumes
per prep than filter-based purification methods
Retrovirus Concentration and Purification Procedure.
ViraBind Retrovirus Concentration and Purification Kit (100 ml/prep)
2 Preps VPK-130
5 Preps VPK-131
25 Preps VPK-131-5
ViraBind PLUS Retrovirus Concentration and Purification Kit (50 ml/prep) 2 Preps VPK-135
2 Preps VPK-136
10 Preps VPK-136-5
ViraBind PLUS Retrovirus Concentration and Purification Mega Kit (500 ml/prep)
Selection Guide for Retrovirus Concentration & Purification Kits
ViraBind
Retrovirus
Concentration and
Purification Kit
ViraBind PLUS
Retrovirus
Concentration and
Purification Kit
ViraBind PLUS
Retrovirus
Concentration and
Purification Mega Kit
Purification
Method
+ Purification Column
+ Dialysis
+ Dialysis
Total Time 6-8 hours 10-24 hours 10-24 hours
Capacity per Prep
(Supernatant)
100 mL 50 mL 500 mL
Ultracentrifugation methods used for lentiviral super-
natants are tedious and time-consuming and usually
only partially purify your virus. Alternatively, filter-
based methods have low sample capacity and do
not substantially concentrate the virus.

ViraBind Retrovirus Concentration and Purification
Kits produce purified lentivirus with extremely high
titer without the need for ultracentrifugation. The virus
is pelleted from solution using our proprietary isola-
tion technology, then resuspended in a smaller vol-
ume. The resuspended retrovirus is then applied to
either a purification column or a dialysis device for
purification. If desired, the purified virus may be fur-
ther concentrated using a centrifugal concentrator.

71
QuickTiter Retrovirus Rapid Quantitation Kit
QuickTiter Retrovirus Quantitation Kit Fluorometric 20 Assays VPK-120
- Ultra-fast Results: 45-60 minute procedure
- Convenient: Titer may be measured before purifi-
cation step
- Sensitive: Limit of detection = 1.5 x 10
9
VP/mL
from 2 mL of retroviral supernatant
This kit specifically measures the viral nucleic acid con-
tent of purified virus or unpurified viral supernatant.
This method is ideal for a quick measurement of viral
titer, either before or after purification of your retrovirus.
0
100
200
300
400
500
0 400 800 1200
Retroviral RNA (ng)
R
F
U

(
5
2
0

n
m
)
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
0 50 100 150
Retroviral RNA (ng)
R
F
U

(
5
2
0

n
m
)
Retrovirus RNA Standard Curve. The QuickTiter Retrovirus
RNA Standard was diluted according to the assay protocol. Fluo-
rescence was measured on a SpectraMax Gemini XS Fluorometer
(Molecular Devices) with a 485 / 538 nm filter set and a 530 nm
cutoff.
Assay Procedure for the QuickTiter Retrovirus
Quantitation Kit.
Ito, T. et al. (2012). Stem cell factor programs the mast cell activa-
tion phenotype. J. Immunol. 188:5428-5437.

72
ViraDuctin Retrovirus Transduction Kit
40 Transductions RV-200
200 Transductions RV-201
ViraDuctin Retrovirus Transduction Kit
The efficiency of retrovirus transduction can be low
compared to other viruses. The rate at which retrovi-
ral vectors bind to cells is controlled mostly by diffu-
sion. Additionally, the presence of transduction inhibi-
tors such as proteoglycans and glycosaminoglycans
in retroviral supernatants can lead to poor gene trans-
fer. Additives such as Polybrene
can boost transduc-

tion efficiencies, but they do not eliminate these trans-
duction inhibitors.

Our ViraDuctin Retrovirus Transduction Kit pro-
vides superior transduction efficiencies even when
compared to transductions in the presence of Poly-
brene
. A proprietary reagent cocktail forms a super-

complex with the retrovirus which is pelleted away
from the supernatant, removing detrimental transduc-
tion inhibitors that decrease infection efficiency.
- More Robust: Removes harmful transduction
inhibitors from retroviral supernatant
- Higher Transduction Efficiencies: Compared
to infections in the presence of Polybrene or no
additives
- Versatile: Particularly useful for nonpermissive
cells including primary cells and stem cells, but
may boost transduction rates in a wide variety
of cells
Polybrene is a registered trademark of Abbott Laboratories.
*Number of transductions shown is based on use in a 24-well plate. This product may also be used with 96-well, 12-well or 6-well plates, as
well as 60mm or 100mm dishes. See product insert for specific details.
1. Gandhi, M. et al. (2012). Homologous chromosomes make con-
tact at the sites of double-strand breaks in genes in somatic G0/
G1-phase human cells. PNAS 109:9454-9459.
2. Miyoshi, N. et al. (2010). Defined factors induce reprogramming
of gastrointestinal cancer cells. PNAS 107:40-45.

74
MICRORNA ANALYSIS miRNA Clone Collection
miRNASelect Precursor Clone Collection (Expression Vectors)
Precursor Name Catalog Number
mmu-let-7a-1 MMU-LET7A-1
hsa-let-7a-2 MIR-LET7A-2
hsa-let-7a-3 MIR-LET7A-3
mmu-let-7b MMU-LET7B
hsa-let7c MIR-LET7C
mmu-let-7c-1 MMU-LET7C-1
mmu-let-7c-2 MMU-LET7C-2
hsa-let-7d MIR-LET7D
mmu-let-7d MMU-LET7D
hsa-let-7e MIR-LET7E
hsa-let-7f-1 MIR-LET7F-1
mmu-let-7f-1 MMU-LET7F-1
mmu-let-7f-2 MMU-LET7F-2
hsa-let-7g MIR-LET7G
mmu-let-7g MMU-LET7G
hsa-let-7i MIR-LET7I
hsa-mir-1-1 MIR-1-1
mmu-mir-1-1 MMU-MIR-1-1
hsa-mir-1-2 MIR-1-2
hsa-mir-7-1 MIR-7-1
hsa-mir-7-2 MIR-7-2
hsa-mir-7-3 MIR-7-3
mmu-mir-7a-1 MMU-MIR-7A-1
mmu-mir-7b MMU-MIR-7B
hsa-mir-9-1 MIR-9-1
hsa-mir-9-2 MIR-9-2
hsa-mir-10a MIR-10A
hsa-mir-10b MIR-10B
hsa-mir-15a MIR-15A
mmu-mir-15a MMU-MIR-15A
miRNASelect Expression Vectors
contain full miRNA precursor se-
quences with constitutive promoter.
- Human (hsa) vectors contain a
puromycin selection marker
- Mouse (mmu) vectors contain a
GFP-puromycin fusion
hsa-mir-17 MIR-17
hsa-mir-18a MIR-18A
hsa-mir-18b MIR-18B
hsa-mir-19a MIR-19A
hsa-mir-19b-1 MIR-19B-1
mmu-mir-19b-1 MMU-MIR-19B-1
hsa-mir-20a MIR-20A
hsa-mir-20b MIR-20B
hsa-mir-21 MIR-21
mmu-mir-21 MMU-MIR-21
hsa-mir-22 MIR-22
hsa-mir-23b MIR-23B
hsa-mir-24-2 MIR-24-2
hsa-mir-26a-1 MIR-26A-1
hsa-mir-26b MIR-26B
hsa-mir-27a MIR-27A
hsa-mir-27b MIR-27B
Dont see your microRNA of
interest? Clone your own
sequence into one of our
Expression Vectors;
see page 80.
1. Dar, A. et al. (2013). The role of miR-18b
in MDM2-p53 pathway signaling and
melanoma progression. J. Natl. Cancer
Inst. 105:433-442. (MIR-18B)
2. Mallory, M.J. et al. (2011). Signal and
developmental-dependent alternative
splicing of LEF1 in T cells is controlled by
CELF2. Mol. Cell. Biol. 31:2184-2195.
(MIR-23B)
3. Woo, H. et al. (2013). Nucleolin mediates
microRNA-directed CSF-1 mRNA deade-
nylation but increases translation of CSF-1
mRNA. Mol. Cell Proteomics 12:1661-
1667. (MIR-130A, MIR-301A)
4. Starega-Roslan, J. et al. (2010). Stuctural
basis of microRNA length variety. Nuc.
Acids Res. 10.1093/nar/gkq727. (MIR-
148A)
5. Saus, E. et al. (2010). Genetic variants
and abnormal processing of pre-miR-182,
a circadian clock modulator, in major de-
pression patients with late insomnia. Hum.
Mol. Genet. 19:4017. (MIR-182)
6. Beezhold, K. et al. (2011). miR-190-
mediated downregulation of PHLPP con-
tributes to arsenic-induced Akt activation
and carcinogenesis. Toxicol. Sci. 123:411-
420. (MIR-190)
7. Wang, Y.S. et al. (2012). MicroRNA-195
regulates vascular smooth muscle cell
phenotype and prevents neointimal forma-
tion. Cardiovasc. Res. 95:5174-526. (MIR-
195)
8. Majid, S. et al. (2011). MicroRNA-205
inhibits src-mediated oncogenic pathways
in renal cancer. Cancer Res. 71:2611-
2621. (MIR-205)
9. Halappanaver, S. et al. (2013). IL-1 recep-
tor regulates microRNA-135b expression
in a negative feedback mechanism. J.
Immunol. 190:3679-3686. (MMU-MIR-
135B)
10.Yamamoto, H. et al. (2012). MicroRNA-
494 regulates mitochondrial biogenesis in
skeletal muscle through mitochondrial
transcription factor A and forkhead box j3.
Am J. Physiol. Endocrinol. Metab.
303:E1419-1427. (MMU-MIR-494)

75
miRNASelect Precursor Clone Collection (Expression Vectors), cont.
hsa-mir-29c MIR-29C
mmu-mir-29c MMU-MIR-29C
hsa-mir-30a MIR-30A
hsa-mir-30b MIR-30B
hsa-mir-30c-1 MIR-30C-1
mmu-mir-30c-1 MMU-MIR-30C-1
hsa-mir-30c-2 MIR-30C-2
hsa-mir-30d MIR-30D
mmu-mir-30d MMU-MIR-30D
hsa-mir-30e MIR-30E
mmu-mir-30e MMU-MIR-30E
hsa-mir-31 MIR-31
hsa-mir-32 MIR-32
hsa-mir-33a MIR-33A
hsa-mir-34c MIR-34C
hsa-mir-95 MIR-95
hsa-mir-96 MIR-96
hsa-mir-28 MIR-28
hsa-mir-29a MIR-29A
hsa-mir-100 MIR-100
hsa-mir-103-1 MIR-103-1
hsa-mir-103-2 MIR-103-2
hsa-mir-105-1 MIR-105-1
hsa-mir-105-2 MIR-105-2
hsa-mir-106a MIR-106A
hsa-mir-106b MIR-106B
hsa-mir-107 MIR-107
hsa-mir-124-2 MIR-124-2
hsa-mir-128-1 MIR-128-1
hsa-mir-128-2 MIR-128-2
hsa-mir-129-1 MIR-129-1
hsa-mir-98 MIR-98
hsa-mir-132 MIR-132
hsa-mir-136 MIR-136
hsa-mir-137 MIR-137
hsa-mir-138-1 MIR-138-1
hsa-mir-138-2 MIR-138-2
hsa-mir-139 MIR-139
hsa-mir-140 MIR-140
hsa-mir-142 MIR-142
hsa-mir-143 MIR-143
hsa-mir-129-2 MIR-129-2

76
hsa-mir-147 MIR-147
hsa-mir-150 MIR-150
hsa-mir-151 MIR-151
hsa-mir-152 MIR-152
hsa-mir-154 MIR-154
hsa-mir-181d MIR-181D
hsa-mir-185 MIR-185
hsa-mir-186 MIR-186
hsa-mir-187 MIR-187
hsa-mir-145 MIR-145
hsa-mir-194-1 MIR-194-1
hsa-mir-195 MIR-195
hsa-mir-197 MIR-197
hsa-mir-198 MIR-198
hsa-mir-200c MIR-200C
hsa-mir-202 MIR-202
hsa-mir-204 MIR-204
hsa-mir-205 MIR-205
hsa-mir-206 MIR-206
hsa-mir-190 MIR-190
hsa-mir-211 MIR-211
hsa-mir-212 MIR-212
hsa-mir-214 MIR-214
hsa-mir-219-1 MIR-219-1
hsa-mir-222 MIR-222
hsa-mir-224 MIR-224
hsa-mir-297 MIR-297

77
hsa-mir-298 MIR-298
hsa-mir-323 MIR-323
hsa-mir-329-1 MIR-329-1
hsa-mir-331 MIR-331
hsa-mir-335 MIR-335
hsa-mir-342 MIR-342
hsa-mir-433 MIR-433
mmu-mir-466f-1 MMU-MIR-466F-1
mmu-mir-466f-4 MMU-MIR-466F-4
mmu-mir-466g MMU-MIR-466G
mmu-mir-466h MMU-MIR-466H
mmu-mir-466i MMU-MIR-466I
mmu-mir-466j MMU-MIR-466J
mmu-mir-466k MMU-MIR-466K
mmu-mir-466l MMU-MIR-466L
mmu-mir-467f MMU-MIR-467F

78
hsa-mir-603 MIR-603
hsa-mir-605 MIR-605
hsa-mir-606 MIR-606
hsa-mir-608 MIR-608
hsa-mir-609 MIR-609
hsa-mir-610 MIR-610
hsa-mir-613 MIR-613
hsa-mir-616 MIR-616
hsa-mir-619 MIR-619
hsa-mir-620 MIR-620
hsa-mir-628 MIR-628
hsa-mir-630 MIR-630
hsa-mir-633 MIR-633
hsa-mir-635 MIR-635
hsa-mir-636 MIR-636
hsa-mir-637 MIR-637
hsa-mir-641 MIR-641
hsa-mir-643 MIR-643
hsa-mir-645 MIR-645
hsa-mir-649 MIR-649
hsa-mir-651 MIR-651
hsa-mir-652 MIR-652
hsa-mir-653 MIR-653
hsa-mir-654 MIR-654
hsa-mir-658 MIR-658
hsa-mir-659 MIR-659
hsa-mir-665 MIR-665
hsa-mir-600 MIR-600
hsa-mir-601 MIR-601
hsa-mir-602 MIR-602
hsa-mir-543 MIR-543
hsa-mir-548d-1 MIR-548D-1
hsa-mir-548d-2 MIR-548D-2
hsa-mir-554 MIR-554
hsa-mir-555 MIR-555
hsa-mir-568 MIR-568
hsa-mir-569 MIR-569
hsa-mir-577 MIR-577
hsa-mir-579 MIR-579
hsa-mir-580 MIR-580
hsa-mir-581 MIR-581
hsa-mir-582 MIR-582
hsa-mir-584 MIR-584
hsa-mir-585 MIR-585
hsa-mir-591 MIR-591
hsa-mir-592 MIR-592
hsa-mir-595 MIR-595
hsa-mir-596 MIR-596
hsa-mir-597 MIR-597
hsa-mir-598 MIR-598
hsa-mir-599 MIR-599
hsa-mir-542 MIR-542
hsa-mir-491 MIR-491
hsa-mir-499 MIR-499
hsa-mir-503 MIR-503
hsa-mir-504 MIR-504
hsa-mir-505 MIR-505
hsa-mir-506 MIR-506
hsa-mir-508 MIR-508
hsa-mir-509-1 MIR-509-1
hsa-mir-514-1 MIR-514-1
hsa-mir-514-2 MIR-514-2
hsa-mir-520f MIR-520F
hsa-mir-525 MIR-525
hsa-mir-541 MIR-541

79
mmu-mir-669h MMU-MIR-669H
mmu-mir-669j MMU-MIR-669J
mmu-mir-669k MMU-MIR-669K
hsa-mir-671 MIR-671
hsa-mir-744 MIR-744
hsa-mir-758 MIR-758
hsa-mir-766 MIR-766
hsa-mir-767 MIR-767
hsa-mir-770 MIR-770
hsa-mir-802 MIR-802
hsa-mir-874 MIR-874
hsa-mir-708 MIR-708
mmu-mir-883A MMU-MIR-883A
mmu-mir-883B MMU-MIR-883B
hsa-mir-885 MIR-885
hsa-mir-889 MIR-889
hsa-mir-920 MIR-920
hsa-mir-921 MIR-921
hsa-mir-922 MIR-922
hsa-mir-923 MIR-923
hsa-mir-924 MIR-924
hsa-mir-933 MIR-933
hsa-mir-934 MIR-934
hsa-mir-935 MIR-935
hsa-mir-936 MIR-936
hsa-mir-937 MIR-937
hsa-mir-938 MIR-938
hsa-mir-940 MIR-940
hsa-mir-941 MIR-941
hsa-mir-942 MIR-942
hsa-mir-876 MIR-876
hsa-mir-877 MIR-877

80
Expression, Control, Reporter Vectors
miRNASelect Expression and Control Vectors
MICRORNA ANALYSIS
miRNASelect pEGP-mir Cloning and Expression Vector 100 L MIR-EXP-GP-C
miRNASelect pEP-mir Cloning and Expression Vector 100 L MIR-EXP-C
Our miRNASelect Mammalian Expression Vectors
provide an easy, efficient method to clone a miRNA
precursor from any species. The desired miRNA
sequence is cloned into a human -globin intron
contained within the vector. Two vector formats are
available:

- The pEP vector contains a puromycin selection
marker
- The pEGP vector contains a GFP-puromycin fu-
sion to allow selection by either marker

Each expression vector is provided with a null
(empty) control vector at no extra charge.
1. Esposito, F. et al. (2012). Down-regulation of the miR-25 and miR-30d contributes to the development of anaplastic thyroid carcinoma
targeting the polycomb protein EZH2. J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab. 97:E710-E718. (MIR-EXP-GP-C)
2. Yuan, L. et al. (2012). MicroRNA-212 displays tumor-promoting properties in on-small cell lung cancer cells and targets the hedgehog
pathway receptor PTCH1. Mol. Biol. Cell 23:1423-1434. (MIR-EXP-GP-C)
miRNASelect Null Control Vectors
miRNASelect pEGP-mir Null Control Vector 100 L MIR-NULL-GP
miRNASelect pEP-mir Null Control Vector 100 L MIR-NULL
Our Null Control vectors have no cloned miRNA sequence. They are useful in conjunction with vectors from our
miRNASelect Precursor Clone Collection.
1. Dar, A. et al. (2013). The role of miR-18b in MDM2-p53 pathway signaling and melanoma progression. J. Natl. Cancer Inst. 105:433-442.
(MIR-NULL)
2. Larsen, M. et al. (2014). miRNA-130a regulates C/EBP-epsilon expression during granulopoiesis. Blood 123:1079-1089. (MIR-NULL-GP)
3. Yuan, L. et al. (2012). MicroRNA-212 displays tumor-promoting properties in on-small cell lung cancer cells and targets the hedgehog
pathway receptor PTCH1. Mol. Biol. Cell 23:1423-1434. (MIR-NULL-GP)

MICRORNA ANALYSIS miRNA Viral Expression
81
RAPAd miRNA Adenoviral Expression System
1 Kit VPK-253 RAPAd miRNA Adenoviral Expression System
RAPAd Adenoviral Expression Systems produce
recombinant adenovirus with substantial reduction in
wild-type adenovirus, while doing so in a much shorter
2 week time frame. The RAPAd miRNA Adenoviral
Expression System is specifically designed to deliver
miRNA sequences into your target cell.
- Virtually No Wild-Type Virus: Backbone vector
engineered to produce <300 wild-type plaques per
10
9
particles, compared with 10
4
-10
6
WT plaques
per 10
9
VP with most other methods
- Faster Virus Production: Virus generated in 2
weeks compared to a few months with traditional
methods
For more information on our complete
selection of RAPAd Adenovirus Ex-
pression Systems for gene expression
studies, please see page 49.
Li, P. et al. (2013). MicroRNA-638 is highly expressed in human
vascular smooth muscle cells and inhibits PDGF-BB-induced cell
proliferation and migration through targeting orphan nuclear re-
ceptor NOR1. Cardiovasc. Res. 10.1093/cvr/cvt082. (VPK-253)
miRNA Retroviral Expression Vector
10 g RTV-017 pMXs-miR-GFP/Puro Retroviral Vector
Our pMXs-miR-GFP/Puro Retroviral Vector allows
you to clone a miRNA sequence of interest for pack-
aging into a recombinant retrovirus for delivery into a
target cell.
For efficient packaging of your miRNA into
an MMLV-based retrovirus, use one of our
Platinum Retroviral Packaging Cell Lines
found on page 64.
Mansour, M. et al. (2013). The TAL1 complex targets the FBXW7
tumor suppressor by activating miR-223 in human T cell acute
lymphoblastic leukemia. J. Exp. Med. 210:1545-1557. (RTV-017)
Adenovirus
Production
using the
RAPAd
Adenoviral
Expression
System.

Reporter System, Knockdown Enhancer MICRORNA ANALYSIS
82
RNAiBoost Reagent Kit for miRNA and siRNA Enhancement
20 reactions RNAI-200
100 reactions RNAI-201
RNAiBoost Reagent Kit
RNA interference can occur in the presence of either siRNA or the mature form of miRNA. The RNABoost
Reagent Kit increases the level of interference in the presence of siRNA. It also increases the rate of processing
of pre-miRNA into mature miRNA.
miRNASelect Functional Analysis Reporter System
1 Kit MIR-GFP miRNASelect pMIR-GFP Reporter System
Assay Principle. If miRNA is present and binds to the 3 UTR,
translation of the GFP gene is repressed, resulting in loss of fluo-
rescence.
The miRNASelect Functional
Analysis Reporter System pro-
vides a simple method for the
evaluation of potential targets of
miRNA. Binding of miRNA se-
quences to their suspected tar-
gets results in repression of trans-
lation.

In this system the miRNA target
sequence, such as a 3 UTR, is
cloned into the provided pMIR-
GFP vector in the multiple cloning
sites immediately downstream of
the GFP gene. If the miRNA is
present and binds to the target
sequence, translation is re-
pressed and no green fluores-
cence appears. If the miRNA
does not bind the target se-
quence, GFP translation occurs
normally and green fluorescence
may be seen.

OXIDATIVE STRESS / DAMAGE Oxidative Stress Overview
Measuring Oxidative Stress
84

Marker or
Type of Damage
Sample Type
Cells Tissues Blood Urine Other
Protein Damage
(p. 85-89)
Protein carbonyl content (PCC) X X X
3-Nitrotyrosine X X X
BPDE Protein Adduct X X X
Advanced Glycation End Products (AGE) X X X
Carboxyethyl Lynsine (CEL) X X X
Carboxymethyl Lynsine (CML) X X X
Methylglyoxal X X X
Advanced Oxidation Protein Products (AOPP) X X X
Lipid
Peroxidation
(p. 90-93)
4-Hydroxynonenal (4-HNE) X X X
Malondialdehyde (MDA) X X X X
8-iso-Prostaglandin F2o (8-Isoprostane) X X X X
Oxidized Low Density Lipoprotein (OxLDL) X
DNA / RNA
Damage and
Repair
(p. 94-100)
8-hydroxyguanosine (8-OHG) X X X X Cerebrospinal Fluid
8-hydroxydeoxyguanosine (8-OHdG) X X X X
Abasic (AP) sites X X
Aldehyde DNA Damage (Etheno adducts) X X
BPDE DNA Adduct X X
Comet Assay X
Double-strand DNA breaks X
UV DNA Damage (CPD and 6-4PP) X
Reactive
Oxygen Species
(p. 102-105)
Universal ROS X X X X
Hydrogen Peroxide X X X X
Nitric Oxide X X X X Saliva
Antioxidants
& Antioxidant
Capacity
(p. 106-110)
Superoxide Dismutase X X X X
Catalase X X X
Glutathione X X X X
Total Antioxidant Capacity (TAC) X X X X Food
Oxygen Radical Antioxidant Capacity (ORAC) X X X Food
Hydroxyl Radical Antioxidant Capacity (HORAC) X X X Food
Cellular Antioxidant Capacity (CAA) Antioxidant compounds
Oxidative stress may be measured using one of three primary methods:
- Measure the reactive oxygen species (ROS) directly
- Measure the presence of antioxidants
- Measure the resulting damage to proteins, lipids, DNA or RNA (most reliable)
Use the following table to determine the best oxidative stress assays for your samples.

OXIDATIVE STRESS / DAMAGE Protein Damage
85
Assays and Reagents for Protein Damage
Cellular proteins are subject to damage in the presence of reactive oxygen species (ROS).
The resulting protein damage may take the form of nitration or oxidation of various amino
acid residues, or may result in formation of advanced glycation end products (AGE) or ad-
vanced oxidation protein products (AOPP). We have developed unique assays to detect
protein damage with higher sensitivity and more user-friendly protocols.
OxiSelect Nitrotyrosine Assay Kits and Antibodies
Nitrotyrosine ELISA Kit Colorimetric
96 Assays STA-305
5 x 96 Assays STA-305-5
Nitrotyrosine Immunoblot Kit Immunoblot/ECL 10 Blots STA-303
Goat Anti-Nitrotyrosine Polyclonal Antibody Immunoblot/ELISA 100 g STA-003
Rabbit Anti-Nitrotyrosine Polyclonal Antibody Immunoblot/ELISA 100 g STA-004
Protein Tyrosine Nitration Control (Nitrotyrosine-BSA) Immunoblot/ECL 10 g STA-304
Formation of 3-Nitrotyrosine During Oxidati ve Stress.
1. Toth, P. et al. (2014). Resveratrol treatment rescues neurovas-
cular coupling in aged mice: role of improved cerebromicrovas-
cular endothelial function and downregulation of NADPH oxi-
dase. Am. J. Physiol. Heart Circ. Physiol. 306:H299-H308. (STA-
305)
2. Li, F.C. et al. (2013). Transition from oxidative stress to nitrosa-
tive stress in rostral ventrolateral medulla underlies fatal intoxica-
tion induced by organophosphate mevinphos. Toxicol. Sci.
135:202-217. (STA-305)
3. Medina, J.P. et al. (2013). Angiotensin receptor-mediated oxida-
tive stress is associated with impaired cardiac redox signaling
and mitochondrial function in insulin-resistant rats. Am. J.
Physiol. Heart Circ. Physiol. 305:H599-H607. (STA-305)
4. Kong, X. et al. (2013). Pioglitazone enhances the blood pressure
-lowering effect of losartan via synergistic attenuation of angio-
tensin II-induced vasoconstriction. J. Renin Angiotensin Aldos-
terone Syst. 10.1177/1170320313489061. (STA-305)
5. Lupachyk, S. et al. (2013). Endoplasmic reticulum stress plays a
key role in the pathogenesis of diabetic peripheral neuropathy.
Diabetes 62:944-952. (STA-305)
6. Cho, W.K. et al. (2013). IL-13 receptor o2-arginase 2 pathway
mediates IL-13-induced pulmonary hypertension. Am. J. Physiol.
Lung Cell Mol. Physiol. 304:L112-L124. (STA-305)
7. Montez, P. et al. (2012). Angiotensin receptor blockade recovers
hepatic UCP2 expression and aconitase and SDH activities and
ameliorates hepatic oxidative damage in insulin resistant rats.
Endocrinology 153:5845-5856. (STA-305)
8. Tahrani, A.A. et al. (2012). Obstructive sleep apnea and diabetic
neuropathy: a novel association in patients with type 2 diabetes.
Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care Med. 186:434-441. (STA-305)
9. Suvakov, S. et al. (2012). Glutathione-S-transferase A1, M1, P1
and T1 null or low-activity genotypes are associated with en-
hanced oxidative damage among haemodialysis patients.
Nephrol. Dial. Transplant. 10.1093/ndt/gfs369. (STA-305)
10.Shevalye, H. et al. (2012). Metanx alleviates multiple manifesta-
tions of peripheral neuropathy and increases intraepidermal
nerve fiber density in Zucker diabetic fatty rats. Diabetes
61:2126-2133. (STA-305)
Our OxiSelect Nitrotyrosine Assay Kits provide a
simple method to measure the formation of 3-
nitrotyrosine in proteins. This assay is available in two
formats: a 96-well competitive ELISA and an im-
munoblot kit. The ELISA format can detect the pres-
ence of 3-nitrotyrosine as low as 10 nM. Both kits can
detect nitrotyrosine in protein from any species.

86
OxiSelect Protein Carbonyl Assay Kits
OxiSelect Protein Carbonyl ELISA Kit
96 Assays STA-310
OxiSelect Protein Carbonyl Spectrophotometric Assay Spectrophotometric 40 Assays STA-315
OxiSelect Protein Carbonyl Immunoblot Kit Immunoblot/ECL 10 Blots STA-308
Colorimetric
Oxidized Protein Immunoblot Control (Carbonyl-BSA) Immunoblot/ECL 10 g STA-309
OxiSelect Protein Carbonyl Fluorometric Assay Fluorometric 100 Assays STA-307
Protein Carbonyl ELISA Kit
- Sensitive: Detects samples as low as 10
g/ml
- Greater Sample Retention: No concentration
or TCA precipitation steps that contribute to
sample loss
Assay Principle for the OxiSelect Protein Oxidation
Immunoblot Kit (STA-308).
Protein Carbonyl Immunoblot Kit
- No Molecular Weight Shift: DNPH derivatization
after immunoblotting allows direct comparison of
oxidized and non-oxidized protein fingerprints
The most common products of protein oxidation in
biological samples are the carbonyl derivatives of
Pro, Arg, Lys and Thr residues. Such derivatives are
chemically stable and serve as markers for oxidative
stress in most types of reactive oxygen species.

Our OxiSelect Protein Carbonyl Assay Kits provide
rapid, efficient methods for detection of protein car-
bonyls. Four assay formats are available: im-
munoblot, ELISA, fluorometric and spectrophotomet-
ric. All formats are suitable for use with purified pro-
tein, plasma, serum, or cell lysate samples from any
species.
1. Cui, Z. et al. (2014). Identification of the immunoproteasome as a
novel regulator of skeletal muscle differentiation. Mol. Cell Biol.
34:96-109. (STA-308)
2. Pons, D. et al. (2012). Initial activation status of the antioxidant
response determines sensitivity to carboplatin/paclitaxel treatment
of ovarian cancer. Anticancer Res. 32:4723-4728. (STA-308)
3. Cristovao, A.C. et al. (2012). NADPH oxidase 1 mediates o-
synucleinopathy in Parkinsons Disease. J. Neurosci. 32:14465-
14477. (STA-308)
4. Bitar, M. et al. (2012). Decline in DJ-1 and decreased nuclear
translocation of Nrf2 in Fuchs endothelial corneal dystrophy. In-
vest. Ophthalmol. Vis. Sci. 53:5806-5813. (STA-308)
5. Cannizzo, E. et al. (2012). Age-related oxidative stress compro-
mises endosomal proteostasis. Cell Report 2(1):136-149. (STA-
308)
6. Satapati, S. et al. (2012). Elevated TCA cycle function in the pa-
thology of diet-induced hepatic insulin resistance and fatty liver. J.
Lipid Res. 53:1080-1092. (STA-308)
7. Vulusevic, B. et al. (2014). Glyoxalase-1 overexpression in bone
marrow cells reverses defective neovascularization in STZ-
induced diabetic mice. Cardiovasc. Res. 101:306-316. (STA-310)
8. Dai, D.F. et al. (2013). Global proteomics and pathway analysis of
pressure-overload-induced heart failure and its attenuation by
mitochondrial-targeted peptides. Circ. Heart Fail. 6:1067-1076.
(STA-310)
9. Ungvari, Z. et al. (2013). Testing predictions of the oxidative
stress hypothesis of aging using a novel invertebrate model of
longevity: the giant clam (Tridacna derasa). J. Gerontol. A Biol.
Sci. Med. Sci. 68:359-367. (STA-310)
10.Young, K. et al. (2013). Each to their own: skeletal muscles of
different function use different biochemical strategies during aesti-
vation at high temperature. J. Exp. Biol. 216:1012-1024. (STA-
310)
11.Fishman , J. et al. (2012). Oxidative modification of the intestinal
mucus layer is a critical but unrecognized component of trauma
hemorrhagic shock-induced gut barrier failure. Am. J. Physiol.
Gastrointest. Liver Physiol. 304:G57-G63. (STA-310)
12.Murakami, Y. et al. (2012). Receptor interacting protein kinase
mediates necrotic cone but not rod cell death in a mouse model of
inherited degeneration. PNAS 10.1073/pnas.1206937109. (STA-
310)
13.Kang, K.A. et al. (2012). Baicalein inhibits oxidative stress-
induced cellular damage via antioxidant effects. Toxic. And Ind.
Health 28:412-421. (STA-310)
14.Gannon, A.M. et al. (2012). Cigarette smoke exposure leads to
follicle loss via an alternative ovarian cell death pathway in a
mouse model. Toxicol. Sci. 125:274-284. (STA-310)
15.Tang, H. et al. (2011). Intrinsic apoptosis in mechanically venti-
lated human diaphragm: linkage to a novel Fox/FoxO1/Stat3-Bim
axis. FASEB J. 25:2921-2936. (STA-310)
16.Robinson, C.K. et al. (2011). A major role for nonenzymatic anti-
oxidant processes in the radioresistance of Halobacterium salina-
rum. J. Bacteriol. 193:1653-1662. (STA-310)

87
OxiSelect AOPP Assay Kit
Advanced oxidation protein products are toxins cre-
ated during oxidative stress in patients with diabetes
mellitus, atherosclerosis, renal complications, and
HIV. Our OxiSelect AOPP Assay Kit provides a
quick, easy method for assessing AOPP levels.
OxiSelect AOPP Assay Kit Colorimetric 200 Assays STA-318
50 L STA-319 AOPP-Human Serum Albumin N/A
- Fast: Obtain results in <30 minutes
- Sensitive: Detect concentrations as low as 5 M
0
0.2
0.4
0.6
0.8
1
1.2
1.4
1.6
1.8
Free HSA AOPP-HSA
O
D

3
4
0
n
m
Untreated Human Serum Albumin and AOPP-HSA Positi ve
Control Tested with the OxiSelect AOPP Assay Kit.
OxiSelect BPDE Protein Adduct ELISA Kit
Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH) are potent
carcinogenic pollutants commonly associated with
oil, cigarette smoke, and automotive exhaust. They
may also be found in some cooked foods. One PAH,
benzo(a)pyrene, was the first chemical carcinogen to
be discovered. Through a series of enzymatic reac-
tions, benzo(a)pyrene is converted to benzo(a)
pyrene 7,8 diol-9,10 epoxide (BPDE) which attacks
both proteins and DNA.

Our OxiSelect BPDE Protein Adduct ELISA Kit
provides a convenient method to measure the
modification of proteins by BPDE.
- Sensitive: Detect concentrations as low as 60
ng/mL
- Convenient: Quantify on a standard microplate
reader
- Versatile: Suitable for use with cell lysates, tis-
sue homogenates, plasma or serum
OxiSelect BPDE Protein Adduct ELISA Kit Colorimetric 96 Assays STA-301
BPDE-BSA Standard Curve Generated Using the OxiSelect
BPDE Protein Adduct ELISA Kit.
For information on our BPDE DNA Adduct
ELISA Kit, please see page 99.
1. Bloomer, R. et al. (2013). Safety profile of caffeine and 1,3-
dimethylamylamine supplementation in healthy men. Human
and Exp. Toxicol. 10.1177/0960327113475680. (STA-318)
2. Park, S.H. et al. (2012). Effects of neutral pH and low-glucose
degradation product-containing peritoneal dialysis fluid on sys-
temic markers of inflammation and endothelial dysfunction: a
randomized controlled 1-year follow-up study. Nephrol. Dial.
Transp. 27:1191-1199. (STA-318)
3. Anderson, D. et al. (2010). Albumin-based microbubbles bind up
-regulated scavenger receptors following vascular injury. J. Biol.
Chem. 285:40645-40653. (STA-318)

88
Advanced glycation end products (AGE) are formed
during the Maillard reaction where reducing carbohy-
drates react with lysine side chains and N-terminal
amino groups of various macromolecules, particularly
proteins. These AGE products can adversely affect
the function of the affected proteins and play a role in
atherosclerosis, diabetes, aging and renal disease.

Our OxiSelect Advanced Glycation End Product
Kits are designed for the rapid detection of AGE pro-
tein adducts. We offer assays to study generic AGE
formation or specific AGE strucutres including N
c
-
(Carboxyethyl) lysine (CEL), N
c
-(Carboxymethyl)
lysine (CML), and methylglyoxal (MG). All kits will
detect AGE structures from protein of any species.
- Sensitive: Detect levels as low as 1 g/mL of AGE-
protein adduct
- Versatile: Compatible with cell lysates, plasma,
serum, or purified proteins
Advanced Gl ycation End Products (AGE) Pathways.
OxiSelect Advanced Glycation End Product Kits & Antibodies
Colorimetric
96 Assays STA-817
Glycoaldehyde-AGE-BSA N/A 100 g STA-348
OxiSelect Advanced Glycation End Product (AGE) Competitive
ELISA Kit
OxiSelect Advanced Glycation End Product (AGE) Competitive ELISA Kit
Our OxiSelect Advanced Glycation End Product
(AGE) Competitive ELISA Kit detects a variety of
AGE structures including CML and pentosidine. It
does not detect CEL or methylglyoxal (MG).

Samples are added to a plate coated with an AGE-
protein conjugate. AGE-protein adducts in the sample
compete with the AGE-coated plate for antibody bind-
ing. High AGE adduct content in a sample results in
less binding of the antibody to the plate, producing a
low signal.
OxiSelect N
c
-(Carboxyethyl) Lysine (CEL) Competitive ELISA Kit Colorimetric 96 Assays STA-813
CEL-BSA N/A 100 g STA-302
OxiSelect N
c
-(Carboxyethyl) Lysine (CEL) Competitive ELISA Kit
- Sensitive: Detect levels as low as 100 ng/mL of
CEL-protein adduct
The OxiSelect N
c
-(Carboxyethyl) Lysine (CEL)
Competitive ELISA Kit detects CEL protein adducts in
a variety of samples including cell lysates, blood sam-
ples, and other protein sources.
OxiSelect AGE Competiti ve ELISA Kit Standard Curve.

89
OxiSelect Methylglyoxal (MG) Competitive ELISA Kit
96 Assays STA-811
Mouse Anti-Methylglyoxal Monoclonal Antibody
Immunoblot/
Immunohistochemistry
100 g STA-011
MG-BSA N/A 100 g STA-306
Colorimetric
OxiSelect N
c
-(Carboxymethyl) Lysine (CML) Assays and Antibodies
Oxidized / Nitrated Proteins
Copper (Cu++) Oxidized Human Low Density Lipoprotein (LDL) 100 g STA-214
Malondialdehyde (MDA) Modified Human Albumin 100 g STA-210
Malondialdehyde (MDA) Modified Human Apolipoprotein B-100 100 g STA-211
Malondialdehyde (MDA) Modified Human Low Density Lipoprotein (LDL)
100 g STA-212
Nitrated Human Low Density Lipoprotein (LDL)
100 g STA-213
All proteins are provided at a concentration of 1.0 mg/mL.
Colorimetric
96 Assays STA-816
OxiSelect N
c
-(Carboxymethyl) Lysine (CML) Immunoblot Kit Immunoblot 10 Blots STA-313
Goat Anti-N
c
-CML Polyclonal Antibody Immunoblot/ELISA 100 g STA-013
Rabbit Anti-N
c
-CML Polyclonal Antibody Immunoblot/ELISA 100 g STA-014
CML-BSA Control N/A 100 g STA-314
OxiSelect N
c
-(Carboxymethyl) Lysine (CML) Competitive ELISA
Kit
OxiSelect Methylglyoxal (MG) Assays and Antibodies
- Sensitive: Detect levels as low as 200 ng/mL of
MG-protein adduct
The OxiSelect Methylglyoxal (MG) Competitive
ELISA Kit detects MG protein adducts in a variety of
samples including cell lysates, blood samples, and
other protein sources.
- Sensitive: Detect levels as low as 3 ng/mL of CML-
protein adduct with the ELISA kit
The OxiSelect N
c
-(Carboxymethyl) Lysine (CML)
Competitive ELISA Kit detects CML protein adducts
in a variety of samples including cell lysates, blood
samples, and other protein sources.
CML Protein Adduct Detected in Human Plasma with the
OxiSelect CML Competiti ve ELISA Kit.

Assays and Reagents for Lipid Peroxidation
Lipid peroxidation is a well-defined mechanism of cellular damage in both animals and
plants that occurs during aging and in some disease states. Our OxiSelect Lipid Peroxi-
dation Assays allow you to quickly and easily quantify the most common markers and by-
products of lipid peroxidation.
OxiSelect TBARS Assay Kit
The TBARS assay is a well-established method for
screening and monitoring lipid peroxidation via the
by-product malondialdehyde (MDA). MDA forms a
1:2 adduct with thiobarbituric acid.

Our OxiSelect TBARS Assay Kit provides a more
user-friendly protocol for quantitation of the MDA-
TBA adduct compared to other commercial assays.
This assay detects total MDA, both free and in pro-
tein adducts, in a variety of samples including cell
and tissue lysates, plasma, and urine.
Colorimetric or
Fluorometric
200 Assays STA-330
OxiSelect TBARS Assay Kit (MDA Quantitation)
- Fast: Obtain results in 30 minutes
- Sensitive: Smaller reaction volumes require less
sample; detect as little as 2 M
- Convenient: 96-well format; no glass tubes are
required
90
OXIDATIVE STRESS / DAMAGE Lipid Peroxidation
1. Chang, Q. et al. (2014). Cytochrome P450 2C epoxygenases
mediate photochemical stress-induced death of photoreceptors.
J. Biol. Chem. 289:8337-8352.
2. Song, J. et al. (2013). Nicotinamide phosphoribosyltransferase is
required for the calorie restriction-mediated improvements in
oxidative stress, mitochondrial biogenesis, and metabolic adap-
tation. J. Gerontol. A Biol. Sci. Med. Sci. 10.1093/gerona/glt122.
3. Fu, L. et al. (2012). Ethyl pyruvate reduces ventilation-induced
neutrophil infiltration and oxidative stress. J. Lipid Res. 53:1080-
1092.
4. Brindeiro, C.M. et al. (2012). Tempol prevents altered K+ chan-
nel regulation of afferent arteriolar tone in diabetic rat kidney.
Hypertension 59:657-664.
5. Joshi, S.G. et al. (2011). Nonthermal dielectric-barrier discharge
plasma-induced inactivation involves oxidative DNA damage
and membrane lipid peroxidation in Escherichia coli. Antimicrob.
Agents Chemother. 55:1053-1062.
6. Kasaikina, M.V. et al. (2011). Roles of the 15-kDa Selenoprotein
(Sep15) in redox homeostasis and cataract development re-
vealed by the analysis of Sep15 knockout mice. J. Biol. Chem.
286:33203-33212.
7. Fedeles, B.I. et al. (2011). Chemical genetics analysis of an
aniline mustard anticancer reveals complex I of the electron
transport chain as a target. J. Biol. Chem. 286:33910-33920.
8. Wojciechowski, P. et al. (2010). Resveratrol arrests and re-
gresses the development of pressure overload- but not volume
overload-induced cardiac hypertrophy in rats. J. Nutr. 140:962-
968.
OxiSelect MDA (Malondialdehyde) Assays and Antibodies
As a common by-product of lipid peroxidation,
malondialdehyde (MDA) is a well-accepted marker of
oxidative stress. Modification of proteins by MDA can
cause structural and functional changes in oxidized
proteins. We offer assays and antibodies to measure
MDA in a variety of formats. Kits are available to
measure total MDA as well as MDA protein adducts
specifically.
Note: MDA is most reliably detected in fresh sam-
ples, or in samples that have been frozen for a maxi-
mum of 1-2 months. For samples stored for longer
periods, consider testing other markers of lipid peroxi-
dation such as 4-HNE or 8-isoprostane.
MDA-TBA Standard Curve Using a Standard Plate Reader.
0
0.05
0.1
0.15
0.2
0.25
0.3
0.35
0.4
0.45
0 10 20 30 40
O
D

5
4
0
n
m
MDA (M)
Colorimetric Assay

91
OxiSelect MDA Adduct Assay Kits
Goat Anti-Malondialdehyde (MDA) Polyclonal Antibody Immunoblot/ELISA 100 g STA-031
Rabbit Anti-Malondialdehyde (MDA) Polyclonal Antibody Immunoblot/ELISA 100 g STA-032
1. Montez, P. et al. (2012). Angiotensin receptor blockade recov-
ers hepatic UCP2 expression and aconitase and SDH activities
and ameliorates hepatic oxidative damage in insulin resistant
rats. Endocrinology 153:5845-5856. (STA-331)
2. Lazrak, A. et al. (2011). Regulation of alveolar epithelial Na+
channels by ERK1/2 in chlorine breathing mice. Am. J. Respir.
Cell Mol. Biol. 10.1165/rcmb.2011-0309OC. (STA-331)
3. Zarogiannis, S.G. et al. (2011). Ascorbate and deferoxamine
administration post chlorine exposure decrease mortality and
lung injury in mice. Am. J. Respir. Cell Mol. Biol. 45:386-392.
(STA-331)
4. Hall, J.A. et al. (2010). Absence of thyroid hormone activation
during development underlies a permanent defect in adaptive
thermogenesis. Endrocrinology 151:4573-4582. (STA-331)
5. Barabutis, N. et al. (2008). Antioxidant activity of growth hor-
mone-releasing hormone antagonists in LNCaP human pros-
tate cancer cell line. PNAS 105:20470-20475. (STA-331)
- Sensitive: ELISA kit detects MDA protein ad-
ducts as low as 6 pmol/mL
- Versatile: Suitable for use with serum, plasma,
cell lysates or tissue homogenates
Immunoblot of MDA-BSA Control Using the OxiSelect MDA
Immunoblot Kit. Immunoblot control was electroblotted onto a
nitrocellulose membrane, followed by detection with the provided
anti-MDA antibody.
OxiSelect MDA Immunoblot Kit Immunoblot 10 Blots STA-331
OxiSelect MDA Adduct Competitive ELISA Kit Colorimetric
96 Assays STA-832
MDA-BSA N/A 100 g STA-333
OxiSelect MDA Polyclonal Antibodies
Our MDA Adduct Assay Kits provide simple methods
to measuring these protein adducts in a variety of
sample types.

The MDA Adduct Competitive ELISA Kit is a sensitive
method for the quantitation of MDA in proteins from
cells, tissues, or blood. Samples are added to a
malondialdehyde protein conjugate-coated plate. The
MDA in the sample competes with the MDA on the
plate for binding to the primary anti-MDA antibody. A
high concentration of MDA in the sample results in
little to no antibody binding to the plate, producing a
low signal.

Our MDA Immunoblot is a convenient method for
qualitative measurement of MDA protein adducts.

92
Standard Curve Generated with the OxiSelect HNE Adduct
Competiti ve ELISA Kit.
OxiSelect HNE ELISA Kits and Antibodies
OxiSelect HNE Adduct Competitive ELISA Kit Colorimetric
96 Assays STA-838
Goat Anti-4-Hydroxynonenal (HNE) Polyclonal Antibody Immunoblot/ELISA 100 g STA-034
Rabbit Anti-4-Hydroxynonenal (HNE) Polyclonal Antibody Immunoblot/ELISA 100 g STA-035
HNE-BSA N/A 100 g STA-335
- Sensitive: ELISA kit detects protein adducts as
low as 2 g/mL
- Versatile: Suitable for use with serum, plasma,
cell lysates or tissue homogenates
4-hydroxynonenal (4-HNE) is a well-known by-
product of lipid peroxidation and is widely accepted
as a stable marker for oxidative stress. HNE protein
adducts are typically stable when frozen for up to 6
months or more.

Our OxiSelect HNE Adduct Competitive ELISA Kit
provides a simple, user-friendly way to assess HNE
adduct formation on lysine, histidine and/or cysteine.

Our polyclonal antibodies against HNE recognize
HNE adducts to lysine, histidine, and/or cysteine and
are suitable for use with Western Blot or ELISA ap-
plications.
OxiSelect 8-iso-Prostaglandin F2o ELISA Kit (8-isoprostane)
OxiSelect 8-iso-Prostaglandin F2o ELISA Kit
96 Assays STA-337
Colorimetric
8-iso-Prostaglandin F2o is produced in membrane
phospholipids and has been implicated in athero-
genesis, rheumatoid arthritis and carcinogenesis.

The OxiSelect 8-iso-Prostaglandin F2o ELISA Kit
provides rapid, sensitive detection of 8-iso-PGF2o as
low as 50 pg/mL. The assay is suitable for quantita-
tion of 8-isoprostane in a variety of sample types in-
cluding cell and tissue lysates, plasma, serum, and
urine.
1. Dugas, T.R. et al. (2014). Hydrogen sulfide cytoprotective sig-
naling is endothelial nitric oxide synthase-nitric oxide dependent.
PNAS 111:3182-3187.
2. Karakus, E. et al. (2013). Agomelatine: an antidepressant with
new potent hepatoprotective effects on paracetamol-induced
liver damage in rats. Human and Experimental Toxicol.
10.0177/0960327112472994.
3. Mollo, R. et al. (2012). Effect of o-lipoic acid on platelet reactivity
in type 1 diabetic patients. Diabetes Care 35:196-197.
4. Thompson, C.M. et al. (2012). Comparison of the effects of
hexavalent chromium in the alimentary canal of F344 rats and
B6C3F1 mice following exposure in drinking water: implications
for carcinogenic modes of action. Toxicol. Sci. 125:79-90.

93
OxiSelect Human Oxidized LDL ELISA Kits
LDL contains a hydrophobic core of various lipids
surrounded by one molecule of Apolipoprotein B-100
(ApoB-100), which promotes solubility of the LDL in
blood. LDL, often described as bad cholesterol, is
even more dangerous when it becomes oxidized. Oxi-
dized LDL (OxLDL) is more reactive with surrounding
tissues and can collect within the inner lining of arter-
ies.

Our OxiSelect Human Oxidized LDL ELISA Kits are
designed for the detection and quantitation of modi-
fied LDL in human plasma or serum. Kits are avail-
able to detect MDA-LDL, CML-LDL, or HNE-LDL in
either the protein or lipid component of LDL. Our
OxPL-LDL kit specifically detects oxidation in the
phospholipid component of LDL.
OxiSelect Human Oxidized LDL ELISA Kit (CML-LDL Quantitation) Colorimetric 96 Assays STA-388
OxiSelect Human Oxidized LDL ELISA Kit (HNE-LDL Quantitation) Colorimetric 96 Assays STA-389
OxiSelect Human Oxidized LDL ELISA Kit (MDA-LDL Quantitation) Colorimetric 96 Assays STA-369
OxiSelect Human Oxidized LDL ELISA Kit (OxPL-LDL Quantitation) Colorimetric 96 Assays STA-358
- Sensitive: Detect as little as 50 ng/mL of MDA-
LDL, 150 ng/mL of CML-LDL, 150 ng/mL of HNE-
LDL, or 100 ng/mL of OxPL-LDL
- Quantitative: Compare unknown samples with
provided copper oxidized LDL standard
Quantitation of MDA-LDL in Serum and Plasma Samples. Se-
rum and plasma samples were treated with LDL Precipitation Solu-
tion. Precipitated LDL pellets were resuspended in 1.6 mL of PBS
before further diluting 1:160 in Assay Diluent according to the As-
say Protocol.
OxiSelect Human Oxidized LDL ELISA Assay Principle.
MDA is the most commonly found damage marker in oxidized LDL, but it can degrade in
frozen samples after 1-2 months. CML and HNE, while less commonly found in OxLDL,
may be more reliably detectable in samples that have been frozen for several months.

94
Assays for DNA & RNA Damage and Repair
DNA is arguably the most biologically significant target of oxidative and cellular stress.
Continuous DNA damage has been implicated in age-related development of various can-
cers. More recently, RNA damage has been described in conjunction with various neuro-
logical diseases including Alzheimers and Parkinsons diseases. We offer a wide range of
assays to measure the most common types of DNA and RNA damage in cells.
OxiSelect Oxidative DNA Damage ELISA Kit (8-OHdG Quantitation)
Among the various types of oxidative DNA damage,
8-hydroxydeoxyguanosine (8-OHdG) is a ubiquitous
marker of oxidative stress. 8-OHdG, one of the by-
products of DNA oxidative damage, is physiologi-
cally formed and enhanced by chemical carcino-
gens.

Our OxiSelect Oxidative DNA Damage ELISA Kit
provides a powerful method for rapid quantitation of
8-OHdG in DNA samples. 8-OHdG is easily detect-
able directly in serum and urine samples, after it is
excised and secreted during the DNA repair proc-
ess. It also may be detected in DNA extracted from
cells or tissues of any species, following full DNA
digestion into single bases.
- Highly Sensitive: Detect as little as 100 pg/
mL of 8-OHdG
- Versatile: Suitable for use with urine, serum,
and DNA extracted from cells or tissues
OxiSelect Oxidative DNA Damage ELISA Kit (8-OHdG Quantitation) Colorimetric
96 Assays STA-320
1. Moore, J. et al. (2013). Protection of corneal epithelial stem cells
prevents ultraviolet A damage during corneal collagen cross-
linking treatment for keratoconus. Br. J. Ophthalmol. 10.1136/
bjophthalmol-2013-303816.
2. Kalghatgi, S. et al. (2013). Disruption of cell-cell junctions and
induction of pathological cytokines in the retinal pigment epithe-
lium of light-exposed mice. Sci. Transl. Med. 5:192ra85.
3. James, M.L. et al. (2013). VARA attenuates hyperoxia-induced
impaired alveolar development and lung function in newborn
mice. Am. J. Physiol. Lung Cell Mol. Physiol. 304:L803-L812.
4. Ravikumar, P. et al. (2013). Klotho protects lung epithelial cells
against oxidative DNA damage. FASEB J. 27:722-723.
5. Singh, B. et al. (2013). MicroRNA-93 regulates NRF2 expression
and is associated with breast carcinogenesis. Carcinogenesis
10.1093-carcin/bgt026.
6. Singh, B. et al. (2012). Superoxide dismutase 3 is induced by
antioxidants, inhibits oxidative DNA damage and is associated
with inhibition of estrogen-induced breast cancer. Carcinogene-
sis 33:2601.2610.
7. Mercer, J.R. et al. (2012). The methyl xanthine caffeine inhibits
DNA damage signaling and reactive species and reduces
atherosclerosis in ApoE-/- mice. Arterioscler. Thromb. Vasc.
Biol. 32:2461-2467.
8. Schutt, F. et al. (2012). Moderately reduced ATP levels promote
oxidative stress and debilitate autophagic and phagocytic ca-
pacities in human RPE cells. Invest. Ophthalmol. Vis. Sci.
53:5354-5361.
9. Tanabe, K. et al. (2012). Nicorandil as a novel therapy for ad-
vanced diabetic nephrophathy in the eNOS-deficient mouse.
Am. J. Physiol. Renal Physiol. 302:F1151-F1160.
10.Tzortzaki, E.G. et al. (2012). Oxidative DNA damage and so-
matic mutations: a link to the molecular pathogenesis of chronic
inflammatory airway diseases. Chest 141:1243-1250.
11.Xu, X. et al. (2012). Reactive oxygen species-triggered tro-
phoblast apoptosis is initiated by endoplasmic reticulum stress
via activation of caspase-12, CHOP, and the JNK pathway in
Toxoplasma gondii infection in mice. Infect. Immun. 80:2121-
2132.
12.Burnham, E. L. (2012). Protandim does not influence alveolar
epithelial permeability or intrapulmonary oxidative stress in hu-
man subjects with alcohol use disorders. Am. J. Physiol. Lung
Cell Mol. Physiol. 302:L688-L699.
13.Pialoux, V. et al. (2011). Losartan abolishes oxidative stress
induced by intermittent hypoxia in humans. J. Physiol. 589:5529-
5537.
0
0.5
1
1.5
2
2.5
N
e
g
a
t
i
v
e

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o
n
t
r
o
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/
2
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l
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t
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d
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t
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8
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n
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D

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5
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n
m
8-OHdG Levels in a Human Urine Sample.
OXIDATIVE STRESS / DAMAGE DNA / RNA Damage & Repair

95
OxiSelect Oxidative RNA Damage ELISA Kit (8-OHG Quantitation)
Similarly to 8-hydroxydeoxyguanosine (8-OHdG)
forming during DNA oxidation, RNA can become
oxidized resulting in 8-hydroxyguanosine (8-OHG).
Oxidation of RNA has been implicated in a number
of neurological diseases including Alzheimers and
Parkinsons diseases.

Our OxiSelect Oxidative RNA Damage ELISA Kit
provides a powerful method for rapid quantitation of
8-OHG in urine, serum or cerebrospinal fluid. It also
may be used to detect 8-OHG in RNA extracted
from cells or tissues of any species.
- Highly Sensitive: Detect as little as 150 pg/
mL of 8-OHG
- Versatile: Suitable for use with urine, serum,
cerebrospinal fluid, and DNA extracted from
cells or tissues
OxiSelect Oxidative RNA Damage ELISA Kit (8-OHG Quantitation) Colorimetric
96 Assays STA-325
1. Kannan, S. et al. (2012). Dendrimer-based postnatal therapy for
neuroinflammation and cerebral palsy in a rabbit model. Sci.
Transl. Med. 4:130ra46.
2. Bazin, J. et al. (2011). Targeted mRNA oxidation regulates sun-
flower seed dormancy alleviation during dry after-ripening. Plant
Cell 23:2196-2208.
OxiSelect Nitrosative DNA/RNA Damage ELISA Kit
(8-Nitroguanine Quantitation)
OxiSelect Nitrosative DNA/RNA Damage ELISA Kit
(8-Nitroguanine Quantitation)
Colorimetric
96 Assays STA-825
Various reactive nitrogen species (RNS) including
peroxynitrite and nitrogen oxides can form during
pathophysiological conditions. These RNS can ni-
trate guanine bases to form 8-nitroguanine in both
DNA and RNA. Nitrosative damage to DNA and
RNA is a significant contributor to the age-related
development of major inflammation-related diseases
as well as colon, breast, and prostate cancers.

Our OxiSelect Nitrosative DNA/RNA Damage
ELISA Kit provides a simple method for rapid quanti-
tation of 8-nitroguanine in urine, serum or plasma
samples. The assay measures total 8-nitroguanine
from both DNA and RNA combined.
0
0.2
0.4
0.6
0.8
1
1.2
1.4
1.6
0.01 0.1 1 10 100
8-OHG (ng/mL)
O
D

4
5
0

n
m
Standard Curve Generated with the OxiSelect Nitrosati ve
DNA/RNA Damage ELISA Kit (8-Nitroguanine).
Standard Curve Generated with the OxiSelect Oxidati ve
RNA Damage ELISA Kit (8-OHG).

96
OxiSelect Oxidative DNA Damage Quantitation Kit (AP Sites)
OxiSelect Oxidative DNA Damage Quantitation Kit (AP Sites) Colorimetric 50 Assays STA-324
- Highly Sensitive: Detect as few as 4-40 AP
sites in 10
5
bp of DNA
- Versatile: Suitable for use with genomic DNA
from cells or tissues
- Quantitative: Kit includes both oxidized and
reduced DNA standards for absolute quantita-
tion
0
0.2
0.4
0.6
0.8
1
1.2
1.4
1.6
1.8
0 10 20 30 40 50
AP Sites per 100,000bp
O
D

4
5
0

n
m
Standard Curve Generated with the OxiSelect Oxidati ve
DNA Damage Quantitation Kit (STA-324).
OxiSelect DNA Double-Strand Break Assay
OxiSelect DNA Double-Strand Break Staining Kit
Immuno-
fluorescence
100 Assays STA-321
Double-strand breaks (DSB) are among the most
dangerous types of DNA damage within cells. An
early cellular response is phosphorylation of the his-
tone variant H2AX at the site of the DSB. This trig-
gers a cascade of events and appears to play a role
in recruitment of repair factors to the damaged sites.

Our OxiSelect DNA Double-Strand Break Staining
Kit provides an easy-to-use method for detecting
DNA breaks. The kit utilizes simple immunofluores-
cence staining of the phosphorylated histone H2AX.
- Fast: See staining results in about 3 hours
- Positive Control: DNA Double-strand break
inducer included in kit
DNA Double-Strand Break Formation in A549 Cells. A549
cells were seeded at 50,000 cells/well overnight. Immunofluores-
cence staining was then performed according to the assay pro-
tocol. (A) Untreated cells. (B) Cells treated with 100 M eto-
poside for one hour.
Oxidative DNA Damage can manifest in the forma-
tion of apurinic or apyrimidinic (AP) sites, also
known as loss of bases. Spontaneous base loss, if
unrepaired, can inhibit transcription and may be
mutagenic.

Our OxiSelect Oxidative DNA Damage Quantita-
tion Kit provides a simple, user-friendly method for
measuring AP sites in DNA. The assay uses an al-
dehyde reactive probe (ARP) which specifically re-
acts with an aldehyde group on the open ring of the
AP site, followed by labeling with Biotin and subse-
quent detection by Streptavidin-enzyme conjugate.
1. Messaoudi, N. et al. (2013). Global stress response in a pro-
karyotic model of DJ-1-associated Parkinsonism. J. Bacteriol.
195:1167-1178.
2. Zaika, E. et al. (2011). P73 protein regulates DNA damage
repair. FASEB J. 25:4406-4414.

97
OxiSelect Comet Assays (Single Cell Gel Electrophoresis)
OxiSelect 3-Well Comet Assay Kit Light Microscopy
15 Wells STA-350
75 Wells STA-351
5 x 75 Wells STA-351-5
OxiSelect 3-Well Comet Assay Slides Light Microscopy
5 Slides STA-352
25 Slides STA-353
125 Slides STA-353-5
OxiSelect 96-Well Comet Assay Kit Light Microscopy
96 Wells STA-355
5 x 96 Wells STA-355-5
OxiSelect 96-Well Comet Assay Slides
1 Slide STA-356
5 Slides STA-356-5
OxiSelect Comet Assay Control Cells
(includes positive and negative controls)
N/A 1 Set STA-354
Light Microscopy
DNA damage can result from a variety of intracellu-
lar and extracellular stimuli, and can manifest in a
variety of mutations to the DNA including base modi-
fications, missing bases and single-stranded or dou-
ble-stranded breaks.

Traditionally the comet assay, or single cell gel elec-
trophoresis (SCGE), has been used as a well-
published, high-level screening tool to measure DNA
damage in single cells.

Our OxiSelect Comet Assay Kits provide a quick,
easy method to screen for DNA damage at a macro
level. Our OxiSelect Comet Assay Slides have
been specially treated for adhesion of low-melting
agarose used in the assay. Damaged DNA moves
farther in electrophoresis than intact DNA, causing a
tail to form upon visualization under a fluorescence
microscope.
Etoposide Treatment of Jurkat Cells. Jurkat cells were either
untreated (left) or treated with etoposide (right) prior to perform-
ing the OxiSelect Comet Assay.
Assay Principle for the OxiSelect Comet Assay Kit.
1. Luo, Y. et al. (2013). SMC1-mediated intra-S-phase arrest
facilitates bocavirus DNA replication. J. Virol. 87:4017-4032.
(STA-350, STA-351)
2. Li, Y.J. et al. (2012). Gold nanoparticles as a platform for
creating a multivalent poly-SUMO chain inhibitor that also
augments ionizing radiation. PNAS 109:4092-4097. (STA-
350, STA-351)
3. Robin, T.P. et al. (2012). EWS/FLI1 regulates EYA3 in Ewing
Sarcoma via modulation of miRNA-708, resulting in increased
cell survival and chemoresistance. Mol. Cancer Res. 10:1098-
1108. (STA-350, STA-351)
4. Choi, S.K. et al. (2012). Poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase 1 inhi-
bition improves coronary arteriole function in type 2 diabetes
mellitus. Hypertension 59:1060-1068. (STA-350, STA-351)
5. Tyagi, A. et al. (2011). Resveratrol selectively induces DNA
damage, independent of Smad4 expression, in its efficacy
against human head and neck squamous cell carcinoma. Clin.
Cancer Res. 17:5402-5411. (STA-355)

98
OxiSelect UV-Induced DNA Damage Assays
OxiSelect UV-Induced DNA Damage ELISA Combo Kit (CPD/6-4PP) Colorimetric 96 Assays STA-322-C
OxiSelect UV-Induced DNA Damage ELISA Kit (CPD Quantitation) Colorimetric
96 Assays STA-322
Colorimetric
96 Assays STA-323
OxiSelect UV-Induced DNA Damage ELISA Kit (6-4PP Quantitation)
Colorimetric
96 Assays STA-326
OxiSelect Cellular UV-Induced DNA Damage ELISA Kit (6-4PP) Colorimetric 96 Assays STA-328
OxiSelect Cellular UV-Induced DNA Damage ELISA Kit (CPD)
OxiSelect UV-Induced DNA Damage ELISA Kits, for extracted DNA
Absorption of ultraviolet radiation can damage DNA
by the formation of pyrimidine dimers. The two most
common forms of pyrimidine dimers are cyclobutane
pyrimidine dimers (CPD) and pyrimidine (6-4) pyrimi-
done photoproducts (6-4PP).

Our OxiSelect UV-Induced DNA Damage Assays
conveniently measure the formation of either CPD or
6-4PP in intact cells. Kits for each marker are avail-
able in three formats: an ELISA for DNA extracted
from cells or tissues, a Cell-Based ELISA, and a Cel-
lular Immunostaining kit.
UV-Induced DNA Damage in HeLa Cells Treated with Ultravio-
let Light for 30 Minutes and Visualized with the OxiSelect
Cellular UV-Induced DNA Damage Staining Kit (CPD).
UV-Induced DNA Damage in HeLa Cells as Detected with the
OxiSelect Cellular UV-Induced DNA Damage ELISA (CPD).
1. Zirkin, S. et al. (2013). The PIM-2 kinase is an essential com-
ponent of the ultraviolet damage response that acts upstream
to E2F-1 and ATM. J. Biol. Chem. 288:21770-21789. (STA-
322)
2. Burgess, H.M. et al. (2011). Nuclear relocalisation of cytoplas-
mic poly(A)-binding proteins PABP1 and PABP4 in response
to UV irradiation reveals mRNA-dependent export of meta-
zoan PABPs. J. Cell Sci. 124:3344-3355. (STA-322)
0.0
0.2
0.4
0.6
0.8
1.0
1.2
1.4
1.6
Secondary
Antibody Alone
UV Treated Untreated
O
D

4
5
0
n
m
OxiSelect Cellular UV-Induced DNA Damage Staining Kit (CPD)
Fluorescence
Microscopy
96 Assays STA-327
OxiSelect Cellular UV-Induced DNA Damage Staining Kit (6-4PP)
Fluorescence
Microscopy
96 Assays STA-329
OxiSelect Cellular UV-Induced DNA Damage ELISA Kits, for intact cells
OxiSelect Cellular UV-Induced DNA Damage Staining Kits, for intact cells

99
OxiSelect BPDE DNA Adduct ELISA Kit
Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH) are potent
carcinogenic pollutants commonly associated with oil,
cigarette smoke, and automotive exhaust. One PAH,
benzo(a)pyrene, was the first chemical carcinogen to
be discovered. Through a series of enzymatic reac-
tions, benzo(a)pyrene is converted to benzo(a)pyrene
7,8 diol-9,10 epoxide (BPDE) which attacks both pro-
teins and DNA.

Our OxiSelect BPDE DNA Adduct ELISA Kit pro-
vides a convenient method to measure BPDE ad-
ducts in DNA extracted from cells or tissues.
- Sensitive: Detect concentrations as low as 30
ng/mL
reader
OxiSelect BPDE DNA Adduct ELISA Kit Colorimetric 96 Assays STA-357
BPDE-DNA Standard Curve Generated Using the OxiSelect
BPDE DNA Adduct ELISA Kit.
For information on our BPDE Protein
Adduct ELISA Kit, please see page 87.
OxiSelect Aldehyde-Induced DNA Damage ELISA Combo Kit
(Ethenoadenosine / Ethenocytidine Quantitation)
Colorimetric 96 Assays STA-820-C
OxiSelect Aldehyde-Induced DNA Damage ELISA Kit
(Ethenoadenosine Quantitation)
Colorimetric 96 Assays STA-820
OxiSelect Aldehyde-Induced DNA Damage ELISA Kit
(Ethenocytidine Quantitation)
OxiSelect Aldehyde-Induced DNA Damage Assays (Etheno Adducts)
Oxidation of phospholipids can lead to the formation of lipid hydroperoxides. These resulting short-lived hydrop-
eroxides can either be converted to inert fatty acid alcohols, or can react with metals to form aldehydes such as
malondialdehyde (MDA), 4-hydroxynonenal (HNE), acrolein, and crotonaldehyde. These aldehydes (which can
also be formed through exposure to carcinogenic substances such as urethane or vinyl chloride) can damage
DNA resulting in the formation of various etheno adducts, including 1,N
6
-ethenodeoxyadenosine and 3,N
4
-
ethenodeoxycytidine. The presence of these bases can lead to base pair substitution mutations.
Our OxiSelect Aldehyde-Induced DNA Damage
Assays conveniently measure the formation of either
1,N
6
-ethenodeoxyadenosine (ethenoadenosine) or
3,N
4
-ethenodeoxycytidine (ethenocytidine) in DNA
extracted from cells or tissues.

In addition, we offer a convenient combination kit that
can measure both etheno bases in separate wells of
the same plate.
Etheno Base Structures that Form Adducts with DNA During
Oxidati ve Stress.
Chiu, C.Y. et al. (2014). Low-dose benzo(a)pyrene and its epox-
ide metabolite inhibit myogenic differentiation in human skeletal
muscle-derived progenitor cells. Toxicol. Sci. 10.1093/toxsci/
kfu003.

100
Checkpoint Kinase Activity Assays
Checkpoint Kinase Activity Immunoblot Kit Immunoblot 20 Assays STA-413
Colorimetric
96 Assays STA-414
96-Well Checkpoint Kinase Activity Assay Kit
Checkpoint kinases, specifically CHK1 and CHK2, are activated in response to DNA damage to subsequently
phosphorylate Cdc25C prior to mitosis, which prompts cell cycle arrest. Mutation of these checkpoint kinases
can ultimately lead to decreased DNA repair.

Our Checkpoint Kinase Activity Assays allow you to conveniently measure the activity of CHK1 and CHK2.
The assays use recombinant Cdc25C as a checkpoint kinase substrate. Phosphorylated Cdc25C (Ser216) is
detected using a phospho-specific antibody. Checkpoint Kinase Activitiy Assays are available in two formats: a
Western blot assay and a 96-well plate-based activity assay.
Global DNA Methylation ELISA Kit
(5-methyl-2-deoxycytidine Quantitation)
Colorimetric
96 Assays STA-380
Global DNA Methylation ELISA Kit
Our Global DNA Methylation and Hydroxymethyla-
tion Assays provide a convenient, accurate way to
quantify 5-methyl-2-deoxycytidine (5MedCyd) and
5-hydroxymethylcytosine respectively. Unknown
samples are compared with a standard provided
with each kit.
- Sensitive: Detect as little as 15 nM of 5MedCyd
- Versatile: Suitable for use with any isolated
DNA as well as urine samples
reader
Methylated DNA Standard Curve Generated with the Global
DNA Methylation ELISA Kit.
5MedCyd Levels in Human Urine Sample as Measured with
the Global DNA Methylation ELISA Kit.
DNA methylation is an epigenetic change shown to be associated with nearly every biological process. In
mammalian cells, DNA methylation is found predominantly at CpG dinucleotides; however, in certain cases
such as embryonic stem cells it may also be found in non-CpG contexts. Due to the important role of DNA me-
thylation in maintaining genomic stability, deregulation of DNA methylation is associated with various diseases
including cancer.

101
OXIDATIVE STRESS / DAMAGE Hypoxia Assays
HIF-1 Alpha DNA Binding Activity Assay Kit
Detection Specificity of HIF-1 Al pha. HeLa cells were incubated
in the presence or absence of 0.2 mM deferoxamine mesylate
(DFO) for 4 hours at 37C. Nuclear extracts were prepared using
the Nuclear/Cytosolic Fractionation Kit (#AKR-171). 100 pmol of
non-biotinylated wild type or mutated HRE double stranded com-
petitor oligos were added to the Complete DNA Binding Buffer just
prior to inclusion in the assay.
HIF-1 Alpha DNA Binding Activity Assay Kit Colorimetric 96 Assays CBA-282
Cell hypoxia, or low oxygen condition, is a normal
physiological response to certain body stressors such
as high altitudes, but it also can be a symptom of
pathological conditions. In some cases hypoxia may
contribute to the inducement of oxidative stress. In
response to hypoxic conditions, the hypoxia-inducible
factor 1 transcriptional activator complex (HIF-1)
plays a role in activating several hypoxia-responsive
genes such as erythropoietin and VEGF. During hy-
poxia, the alpha subunit of HIF-1 accumulates and
translocates from the cytosol to the nucleus, where it
dimerizes with the beta subunit and becomes tran-
scriptionally active. It then binds transcriptional coacti-
vators to induce gene expression.

The HIF-1 Alpha DNA Binding Activity Assay Kit is an
ELISA-based assay to detect activated HIF-1. Active
HIF-1 complex is captured on a double-stranded oligo
containing a hypoxic response element (HRE) that is
attached to the plate. Detection is then performed
with a primary antibody followed by an HRP-
conjugated secondary antibody. The assay will detect
HIF-1 complexes from human, mouse or rat samples.
HIF-1 Alpha Sandwich ELISA Kit Colorimetric 96 Assays CBA-280
HIF-1 Alpha Cell Based ELISA Kit Chemiluminescent 96 Assays CBA-281
HIF-1 Alpha ELISA Kits
Detection of Nuclear HIF-1 Alpha. HeLa cells were incubated in
the presence or absence of 0.2 mM DFO for 4 hours at 37C. Nu-
clear extracts were prepared using the Nuclear/Cytosolic Fractiona-
tion Kit. HIF-1 Alpha levels were measured in untreated (blue bars)
and treated (red bars) extracts according to the Assay Protocol.
Our HIF-1 Alpha ELISA Kits provide a convenient
method for detection and quantitation of human,
mouse, or rat HIF-1 Alpha in cells or tissues. Two
ELISA kit formats are available:

- The HIF-1 Alpha Sandwich ELISA Kit detects HIF
-1 Alpha in any protein sample including tissue
homogenates, whole cell lysates, or nuclear ex-
tracts. Samples are added to an anti-HIF-1 Alpha
antibody coated plate. Quantitation of unknown
samples is performed by comparison of the OD
values to those of a known standard.
- The HIF-1 Alpha Cell Based ELISA Kit allows the
detection of HIF-1 Alpha levels in intact cells.
Cells are seeded in a tissue culture treated plate
suitable for reading in a 96-well plate-based lumi-
nometer. Cells are fixed and permeabilized to
allow detection with the anti-HIF-1 antibody. De-
tection is performed by chemiluminescence.

OXIDATIVE STRESS / DAMAGE ROS Assays
Reactive Oxygen Species Assays
Reactive oxygen species (ROS) such as superoxide and hydrogen peroxide are continually
produced during metabolic processes. Excess ROS can lead to cellular injury in the form of
damaged DNA, lipids and proteins. We offer assays for quantitation of various reactive oxy-
gen species, in both in vitro and intracellular formats.
OxiSelect Intracellular ROS Assay Kit
The OxiSelect Intracellular ROS Assay Kit measures
the activity of hydroxyl, peroxyl, and other reactive oxy-
gen species. The assay uses the cell-permeable fluoro-
genic probe DCFH-DA, which diffuses into cells and is
deacetylated into the non-fluorescent DCFH. In the
presence of ROS, the DCFH is oxidized into highly
fluorescent DCF. Fluorescence is quantified on a
fluorometric plate reader.
- Sensitive: Detect concentrations as little as 10 pM
- Fast: Entire protocol takes about one hour
Fluorometric
96 Assays STA-342
OxiSelect Intracellular ROS Assay Kit
Assay Principle for the OxiSelect Intracellular ROS Assay.
1. Koontz, J. et al. (2014). Competition through dimerization be-
tween antiapoptotic and proapoptotic HS-1-associated protein X-
1 (Hax-1). J. Biol. Chem. 289:3468-3477.
2. Kim, E.Y. et al. (2013). NOX2 interacts with podocyte TRPC6
channels and contributes to their activation by diacylglycerol:
essential role of podocin in formation of this complex. Am. J.
Physiol. Cell Physiol. 305:C960-C971.
3. Abe, Y. et al. (2013). TGF-1 stimulates mitochondrial oxidative
phosphorylation and generation of reactive oxygen species in
cultured mouse podocytes, mediated in part by the mTOR path-
way. Am. J. Phyisol. Renal Physiol. 305:F1477-F1490.
4. He, Q. et al. (2013). Tafazzin knockdown interrupts cell cycle
progression in cultured neonatal ventricular fibroblasts. Am. J.
Physiol. Heart Circ. Physiol. 305:H1332-H1343.
5. Kokkinaki, M. et al. (2013). Klotho regulates retinal pigment
epithelial functions and protects against oxidative stress. J. Neu-
rosci. 33: 16346-16359.
6. Hagan, C. et al. (2013). A common docking domain in progester-
one receptor-B links DUSP6 and CK2 signaling to proliferative
transcriptional programs in breast cancer cells. Nucleic Acids
Res. 10.1093/nar/gkt706.
7. Teng, H. et al. (2013). Oxygen-sensitive mitochondrial accumu-
lation of cystathione -synthase mediated by lon protease.
PNAS 110:12679-12684.
8. Wang, H. et al. (2012). p53-induced gene 3 mediates cell death
induced by glutathione peroxidase 3. J. Biol. Chem. 287:16890-
16902.
9. Druz, A. et al. (2012). Glucose depletion activates MMU-mir-
466h-5p expression through oxidative stress and inhibition of
histone deacetylation. Nucleic Acids Res. 10.1093/nar/gks452.
10.Montalvo-Ortiz, B.L. et al. (2012). Characterization of EHOP-
016, novel small molecule inhibitor of Rac GTPase. J. Biol.
Chem. 287:13228-13238.
102

103
Fluorometric
96 Assays STA-347
OxiSelect In Vitro ROS/RNS Assay Kit
OxiSelect In Vitro ROS/RNS Assay Kit
Free radicals and related reactive oxygen species
(ROS) and reactive nitrogen species (RNS) can ap-
pear in the body both inside and outside the cell. Until
recently it has been difficult to detect ROS and RNS
outside of intact cells.

The OxiSelect In Vitro ROS/RNS Assay Kit allows
you to measure ROS and RNS formation in various
body fluids including urine, serum and plasma. It is
also useful for testing cell lysates, tissue homoge-
nates, and cell culture supernatants.

The assay universally measures reactive oxygen and
reactive nitrogen species that may include hydrogen
peroxide, nitric oxide, peroxynitrite, peroxyl radicals,
and others. The assay principle is similar to our Intra-
cellular ROS Assay (previous page), except that the
chemistry is modified to allow detection of ROS out-
side the cell. Fluorescence is quantified on a fluoro-
metric plate reader.
- Sensitive: Detect concentrations as little as 10 pM
for DCF or 40 nM for hydrogen peroxide
- Fast: Entire protocol takes about one hour
- Versatile: Suitable for a wide variety of sample
types including urine, serum, plasma, cell lysates,
tissue homogenates and cell culture supernatants
1. Liu, X. et al. (2013). Epoxyeicosatrienoic acids prevent cisplatin-
induced renal apoptosis through a p38 mitogen-activated protein
kinase-regulated mitochondrial pathway. Mol. Pharmacol.
84:925-934.
3. Xiao, D. et al. (2013). Estrogen normalizes perinatal nicotine-
induced hypertensive responses in adult female rat offspring.
Hypertension 61:1246-1252.
4. Wang, W. et al. (2012). Mono-(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate induces
oxidative stress and inhibits growth of mouse ovarian antral
follicles. Biol. Reprod. 87:152.
5. Ju, D. J. et al. (2012). Ethyl pyruvate ameliorates albuminuria
and glomerular injury in the animal model of diabetic nephropa-
thy. Am. J. Phyisol. Renal Physiol. 302:F606-F613.
6. Momi, S. et al. (2012). Nitric oxide enhances the anti-
inflammatory and anti-atherogenic activity of atorvastatin in a
mouse model of accelerated atherosclerosis. Cardiovasc. Res.
10.1093/cvr/cvs100.
7. Patterson, A.J. et al. (2011). Hypoxia-derived oxidative stress
mediates epigenetic repression of PKC epsilon gene in foetal rat
hearts. Cardiovasc. Res. 10.1093/cvr/cvr322.
8. Rathnasamy, G. et al. (2011). Iron and iron regulatory proteins in
amoeboid microglial cells are linked to oligodendrocyte death in
hypoxic neonatal rat periventricular white matter through produc-
tion of proinflammatory cytokines and reactive oxygen/nitrogen
species. J. Neurosci. 31:17982-17995.
Assay Principle for the OxiSelect In Vitro ROS/RNS Assay.

104
OxiSelect Hydrogen Peroxide Assay, Colorimetric
Hydrogen peroxide is one of the most prevalent and most stable of the various reactive oxygen species. The
half-life of hydrogen peroxide is significantly longer than that of most ROS, making it easier to detect in many
sample types.
Standard Curve Generated with the OxiSelect Hydrogen
Peroxide/Peroxidase Assay (Fluorometric).
OxiSelect Hydrogen Peroxide Assay Kit Colorimetric 500 Assays STA-343
OxiSelect Hydrogen Peroxide/Peroxidase Assay Kit Fluorometric 500 Assays STA-344
*For the testing of hydrogen peroxide in cells and tissues, please see our OxiSelect Hydrogen Peroxide /
Peroxidase Assay Kit below.
OxiSelect Hydrogen Peroxide / Peroxidase Assay, Fluorometric
Our OxiSelect Hydrogen Peroxide Assay Kit pro-
vides a simple method for quantitation of hydrogen
peroxide. This colorimetric assay measures the oxi-
dation of ferrous (Fe
2+
) ions to ferric (Fe
3+
) ions in the
presence of peroxides. The ferric ions form a com-
plex with a provided dye which may be read on a
standard microplate reader. The assay may be run
with either aqueous phase or lipid phase samples.
1. Kim, E.Y. et al. (2012). Sustained activation of N-methyl-D-
aspartate receptors in podocytes leads to oxidative stress, mobi-
lization of transient receptor potential canonical 6 channels,
nuclear factor of activated T cells activation, and apoptotic cell
death. Mol. Pharmacol. 82:728-737.
2. Kim, E.Y. et al. (2012). Insulin increases surface expression of
TRPC6 channels in podocytes: role of NADPH oxidases and
reactive oxygen species. Am. J. Phyisol. Renal Physiol.
302:F298-F307.
- Sensitive: Detect as little as 50 nM
- Fast: Easy 30 minute incubation
- Versatile: Measure either hydrogen peroxide or
peroxidase in plasma, serum, urine, cell culture
supernatants, cell lysates and tissue homogenates
Our OxiSelect Hydrogen Peroxide / Peroxidase
Assay Kit provides a convenient plate-based method
for quantitation of hydrogen peroxide or peroxidases
in a wide variety of sample types.

This fluorometric assay uses a fluorogenic probe
which is converted from a non-fluorescent to a fluo-
rescent state in the presence of peroxides and is
catalyzed by peroxidases.

The kit includes both a hydrogen peroxide standard
and a peroxidase standard for quantitative results
with either target.
- Sensitive: Detect as little as 1 M
- Fast: Easy 30-90 minute incubation, depending on
sample type
- Versatile: Suitable for plasma, serum, urine, and
cell culture supernatants*

105
- Direct detection: Probe binds directly to nitric ox-
ide, not to by-products such as nitrate and nitrite
- Versatile: Read results as endpoint or time course
(kinetic) in a fluorescence plate reader, or visualize
under a fluorescence microscope
OxiSelect Intracellular Nitric Oxide Assay Kit
OxiSelect In Vitro Nitric Oxide Assay Kits
Fluorometric
96 Assays STA-800
OxiSelect Intracellular Nitric Oxide (NO) Assay Kit
OxiSelect In Vitro Nitric Oxide (Nitrite / Nitrate) Assay Kit
Colorimetric
100 Assays STA-802
100 Assays STA-801
Fluorometric
Nitric oxide (NO) is a progenitor of various reactive
nitrogen species (RNS) in conjunction with superox-
ide anions via nitric oxide synthase (NOS). It plays a
role in vascular diseases, diabetes, atherosclerosis,
inflammatory diseases and cancer. Because of its
short half-life, nitric oxide is often difficult to detect
directly.

The OxiSelect Intracellular Nitric Oxide Assay Kit
allows direct detection of NO in intact cells. A cell-
permeable fluorogenic probe is added to cells; upon
treatment to induce oxidative stress, nitric oxide that
is generated within the cell binds to the probe pro-
ducing a bright fluorescent signal. Results may be
visualized under a fluorescence microscope or
quantified in a 96-well fluorescence plate reader.
Induction of NOS in RAW 264.7 Cells. Cells were seeded in a
96-well plate at 100,000 cells/well. Cells were uninduced (left) or
induced with 50 ng/mL LPS and 10 ng/mL IFN (right) for 20
hours at 37C.
Nitric oxide (NO) is difficult to detect directly in vitro
due to its short half-life. It is therefore common to
measure nitric oxide formation by detection of its final
oxidized products, nitrate and nitrite.

The OxiSelect In Vitro Nitric Oxide Assay Kits pro-
vide a convenient plate-based method for the quanti-
tation of nitrate and nitrite in a variety of sample
types. First, nitrate is reduced to nitrite. Then total
nitrite is measured by the addition of a Griess Re-
agent (for colorimetric detection) or a fluorometric
probe (for fluorescence detection). Results are then
quantified in a 96-well plate reader.

OxiSelect In Vitro Nitric Oxide Assay Kits are suit-
able for use with serum, plasma, urine, saliva, cell
lysates, and culture media.
Assay Principle for the OxiSelect In Vitro Nitric Oxide
(Nitite / Nitrate) Assay, Fluorometric Format.

106
OXIDATIVE STRESS / DAMAGE Antioxidant Assays
Antioxidant Assays
ROS generation is normally counterbalanced by the action of antioxidant enzymes and
other redox molecules. We offer two types of assays for antioxidant quantitation:
OxiSelect Catalase Activity Assay Kits
Fluorometric 96 Assays STA-339
OxiSelect Catalase Activity Assay Kit
Catalase is a ubiquitous enzyme that destroys hydro-
gen peroxides formed during oxidative stress. Since
hydrogen peroxides have a longer half-life than most
free radicals and can make up a large portion of all
reactive oxygen species, the ability to remove hydro-
gen peroxides can be extremely important at combat-
ing oxidative stress.

Our OxiSelect Catalase Activity Assay Kits provide
a quick, user-friendly protocol to monitor catalase
activity from a variety of sample types. Kits are avail-
able with either colorimetric or fluorometric detection.
- Sensitive: Detect as little as 1.25 units/mL
(colorimetric) or 50 mU/mL (fluorometric)
- Fast: Obtain results in less than 30 minutes
- Versatile: Suitable for use with whole blood,
plasma, serum, cell lysates or tissue homogenates
- High Throughput: 96-well format
- Assays to quantify the presence or activity of antioxidant molecules
- Assays to determine the antioxidant capacity of biomolecules
0
0.2
0.4
0.6
0.8
1
1.2
1.4
1.6
1.8
0 20 40 60 80 100
Catalase (U/mL)
O
D

5
4
0
n
m
Assay Principle for the OxiSelect Catalase Aciti vity Assays. Catalase present in samples converts hydrogen peroxide into water
and oxygen (Reaction 1). Any remaining hydrogen peroxide that is not converted reacts with a colorimetric or fluorometric probe in the
presence of horseradish peroxidase (Reaction 2) to produce a color or fluorescence which is measured in a plate reader.
Standard Curve Generated with the OxiSelect Catalase
Acti vity Assay Kit (Colorimetric).
Costantini, D. et al. (2013). Loss of integration is associated with
reduced resistance to oxidative stress. J. Exp. Biol. 216:2213-
2220. (STA-341)

107
OxiSelect Superoxide Dismutase Activity Assay
Superoxide dismutase (SOD), which catalyzes the dismutation of the superoxide anion into hydrogen peroxide
and molecular oxygen, is one of the most important antioxidant enzymes.
- Sensitive: Detect as little as 0.6 units/mL
- Fast: Obtain results in about 2 hours
- Versatile: Suitable for use with urine, serum, cells
or tissue samples
OxiSelect Superoxide Dismutase Activity Assay Colorimetric 100 Assays STA-340
Standard Curve Using the OxiSelect Superoxide Dismutase
Acti vity Assay.
The OxiSelect Superoxide Dismutase Activity As-
say uses a xanthine/xanthine oxidase (XOD) system
to generate superoxide anions and a chromagen to
produce a water-soluble dye upon reduction by the
superoxide anions.
0
0.1
0.2
0.3
0.4
0.5
0.6
0.7
0.8
0.9
1
0.001 0.01 0.1 1 10 100
SOD (Units)
O
D

4
9
0
n
m
OxiSelect Superoxide Dismutase Acti vity Assay Principle. Superoxide anions generated by a Xanthine/Xanthine Oxidase system are
detected with the provided chromagen. SOD reduces superoxide concentrations, so higher SOD concentrations result in a decreased signal.
1. Wysocki, J. et al. (2014). ACE2 deficiency increases NADPH-
mediated oxidative stress in teh kidney. PHY2 2:e00264.
2. Yin, J. et al. (2014). Development of an antioxidant system after
early weaning in piglets. J. Anim. Sci. 92:612-619.
3. Gong, E.J. et al. (2013). Low-dose-rate radiation exposure leads
to testicular damage with decreases in DNMT1 and HDAC1 in
the murine testis. J. Radiat. Res. 10.1093/jrr/rrt090.
5. Paneni, F. et al. (2013). Deletion of the activated protein-1 tran-
scription factor JunD induces oxidative stress and accelerates
age-related endothelial dysfunction. Circulation 127:1229-1240.
6. Connell, B.J. et al. (2012). UPEI-100, a conjugate of lipoic acid
and apocynin, mediates neuroprotection in a rat model of ische-
mia/reperfusion. Am. J. Physiol. Regulatory Integrative Comp.
Physiol. 302:R866-R895.
7. Zhang, Z. et al. (2012). TRPM2 Ca2+ channel regulates energy
balance and glucose metabolism. Am. J. Phyisol. Endocrin.
Metab. 302:E807-E816.

108
OxiSelect Total Glutathione (GSSG/GSH) Assay Kit
Glutathione is an intracellular tripeptide thiol that pro-
tects cells from free radicals by acting as an antioxi-
dant. Glutathione exists within cells in both reduced
(GSH) and oxidized (GSSG) forms; it is involved in
the breakdown of peroxides and also helps maintain
exogenous antioxidants such as vitamins C and E.

The OxiSelect Total Glutathione Assay Kit is a
quantitative assay for measuring total combined GSH
and GSSG content in a variety of sample types. Oxi-
dized glutathione is enzymatically reduced, followed
by colorimetric detection in a microplate reader.
- Sensitive: Detect as little as 8 nM total glutathione
- Versatile: Suitable for use with saliva, urine,
serum, plasma, and cell or tissue lysates
OxiSelect Total Glutathione (GSSG/GSH) Assay Kit Colorimetric 100 Assays STA-312
OxiSelect Glutathione Reductase Assay Kit
OxiSelect Glutathione Reductase Assay Kit Colorimetric 100 Assays STA-812
Assay Principle for the OxiSelect Total Glutathione Assay Kit. In the presence of NADPH, glutathione reductase (provided) con-
verts all glutathione into reduced form (GSH). The reduced glutathione then reacts with the provided chromogen to yield a color detect-
able at 405 nm.
Standard Curve Generated with the OxiSelect Glutathione
Reductase Assay Kit. Various concentrations of glutathione
reductase standard were tested according to the Assay Protocol.
OD values were read at 1 minute increments at 405 nm.
The OxiSelect Glutathione Reductase Assay Kit is
a quantitative assay for measuring the activity levels
of glutathione reductase in a variety of sample types.

The assay principle is similar to that of our Total Glu-
tathione Assay Kit above, except that endogenous
levels of glutathione reductase drive the reduction of
oxidized glutathione (GSSG) to reduced glutathione
(GSH).
- Sensitive: Detect activity levels as low as 0.6
mU/mL
- Versatile: Suitable for use with erythrocytes,
plasma, cell lysates, or tissue extracts
1. Mani, S. et al. (2013). Decreased endogenous production of
hydrogen sulfide accclerates atherosclerosis. Circulation
127:2523-2534.
2. Karakus, E. et al. (2013). Agomelatine: an antidepressant with
new potent hepatoprotective effects on paracetamol-induced
liver damage in rats. Human and Exp. Toxicol.
10.01177/0960327112472994.

109
OxiSelect Cellular Antioxidant Assay Kit, for in vivo Evaluation
of Exogenous Antioxidants
OxiSelect Cellular Antioxidant Activity Assay Kit Fluorometric 192 Assays STA-349
Measuring the effects of antioxidant compounds in an
in vitro assay may not accurately reflect their efficacy
because such assays do not account for physiologi-
cal conditions such as pH, temperature, uptake, me-
tabolism, or the bioavailability or efficacy of an anti-
oxidant compound.

The OxiSelect Cellular Antioxidant Activity Assay
Kit provides a mechanism to test exogenous antioxi-
dants in a cell-based environment, delivering a more
accurate measurement of the compounds true
physiological efficacy. A cell-permeable fluorometric
dye is added to intact cells; when free radicals are
generated, they bind to the dye producing a bright
fluorescent signal. When the exogenous antioxidant
is added, it eliminates the free radicals resulting in
decreased fluorescence.
- Physiological: Measures the efficacy of an antioxi-
dant compound in a cellular environment
- More Accurate: Compared to in vitro assays that
do not take into account pH, temperature, or other
relevant intracellular conditions
- Sensitive: Detects as little as 10 M Quercetin, a
bioflavonoid which serves as the assays standard
- Fast: Obtain results in about one hour
0
2
4
6
8
10
12
14
16
18
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70
F
l
u
o
r
e
s
c
e
n
c
e

(
R
F
U
s
)
Ti me (Mi nutes)
2000 uM Querceti n
1000
500
250
125
62.5
31.3
0
Cellular Antioxidant Acti vity of Quercetin in HeLa Cells.
60,000 HeLa cells were seeded and cultured in a 96-well plate
until confluent. Cells were then pretreated with DCFH-DA and
Quercetin for 60 minutes at 37C. Free Radical Initiator was then
added to the cells to begin the assay. Fluorescence readings
were taken every 5 minutes for one hour at 37C.
Assay Principle for the OxiSelect Cellular Antioxidant Acti v-
ity Assay Kit. An exogenous antioxidant compound is added to
cells along with DCFH-DA dye. Upon entry into the cell, the DCFH-
DA is cleaved to DCFH which can bind reactive oxygen species
(ROS) generated within the cell by the addition of a free radical
initiator. Binding of DCFH to ROS yields DCF which produces a
bright fluorescence. The presence of the exogenous antioxidant
compound reduces the ROS available to the DCFH dye, yielding a
lower fluorescent signal.

110
OxiSelect ORAC and HORAC Activity Assay Kits
The ORAC (Oxygen Radical Antioxidant Capacity)
and HORAC (Hydroxyl Radical Antioxidant Capac-
ity) assays measure the antioxidant capacity of bio-
molecules against peroxyl radicals and hydroxyl
radicals, respectively. The assays are suitable for
plasma, cell fractions, and tissue lysates, as well as
solid and aqueous nutrition samples.
Assay Principle for the OxiSelect Oxygen Radical Antioxidant Capacity (ORAC) Assay.
Fluorometric
192 Assays STA-345
OxiSelect HORAC Activity Assay Kit Fluorometric
192 Assays STA-346
OxiSelect ORAC Activity Assay Kit
1. Ungvari, Z. et al. (2013). Testing predictions of the oxidative
stress hypothesis of aging using a novel invertebrate model of
longevity: the giant clam (Tridacna derasa). J. Gerontol. A. Biol.
Sci. Med. Sci. 68:359-367.
2. Bailey-Downs, L.C. et al. (2011). Liver-specific knockdown of
IGF-1 decreases vascular oxidative stress resistance by impair-
ing the Nrf2-dependent antioxidant response: a novel model of
vascular aging. J. Gerontol. A. Biol. Sci. Med. Sci. 10.1093/
gerona/glr164.
OxiSelect Total Antioxidant Capacity (TAC) Assay Kit Colorimetric 200 Assays STA-360
1. Stark, M. et al. (2013). Differential effects of docosahexaenoic
acid on preterm and term placental pro-oxidant/antioxidant bal-
ance. Reproduction 146:243-251.
2. Bakalova, R. et al. (2013). Tissue redox activity as a hallmark of
carcinogenesis: from early to terminal stages of cancer. Clin.
Cancer Res. 19:2503-2517.
3. Wang, Y. et al. (2013). Therapeutic effect of MG-132 on diabetic
cardiomyopathy is associated with its suppression of protea-
somal activities: roles of Nrf2 and NF-kB. Am. J. Physiol. Heart
Circ. Physiol. 304:H567-H578.
OxiSelect Total
Antioxidant Capacity
Assay Principle.
OxiSelect Total Antioxidant Capacity (TAC) Assay Kit
The OxiSelect Total Antioxidant Capacity (TAC)
Assay Kit measures the total antioxidant capacity of
biomolecules from a variety of sample types via a
Single Electron Transfer (SET) mechanism. The as-
say works with a variety of antioxidants and is suit-
able for testing plasma, serum, urine, cell lysates,
tissue homogenates and food extracts.

112
CELL SIGNALING & PROTEIN BIOLOGY Small GTPase/G-Protein
Small GTPase Acti vation Assay Principle.
- Safe: Non-radioactive assay format
- Visual Check: Agarose beads can be easily seen
- Fast Results: 1 hour plus electrophoresis/blotting
Small GTP-binding proteins (GTPases) regulate a variety of cell signaling pathways and
are therefore involved in a wide range of cell functions, processes, and morphology. The
most studied small GTPases include Ras, Rac, Rho and Cdc42. We offer a variety of
tools to enable the study of these small GTPase family members:

In addition, we offer sensitive assays to detect cyclic AMP and cyclic GMP, both of which
are important regulators in the G-Protein signaling cascade.
Small GTPase / G-Protein Signaling
- Small GTPase Activation Assays
- Small GTPase Activation ELISA Kits
- Small GTPase Assay Beads
- Active Rac-GEF Assay
- Small GTPase Expression Vectors
- Small GTPase Premade Adenoviruses
- Small GTPase Retroviral Constructs
- Small GTPase Recombinant Proteins
Small GTPase Activation Assays
Our Small GTPase Activation Assays use visible aga-
rose beads to selectively pull down the active form of
the target of interest. The precipitated GTPase is then
detected by Western blot using a target specific anti-
body included in the kit.

If you are studying more than one small GTPase tar-
get, consider one of our Small GTPase Activation
Assay Combo Kits. These combo kits allow you to
measure the following targets at a savings compared
to buying separate kits for each target:

- Rac1 and Cdc42
- RhoA, Rac1 and Cdc42
Visible Agarose Beads Provided
in the Small GTPase Acti vation
Assays. Beads are easy to visual-
ize, making it easier to avoid poten-
tial loss during washes and aspira-
tions.

113
Small GTPase/G-Protein
Small GTPase Activation Assays (continued)
Cdc42 Activation Assay Immunoblot/ECL 20 Assays STA-402
Rac1 Activation Assay Immunoblot/ECL 20 Assays STA-401-1
Ral Activation Assay Immunoblot/ECL 20 Assays STA-408
Ran Activation Assay Immunoblot/ECL 20 Assays STA-409
Pan-Ras Activation Assay Immunoblot/ECL 20 Assays STA-400
RhoA Activation Assay Immunoblot/ECL 20 Assays STA-403-A
Rac1/Cdc42 Activation Assay Combo Kit Immunoblot/ECL 20 Assays/Target STA-404
RhoA/Rac1/Cdc42 Activation Assay Combo Kit Immunoblot/ECL 10 Assays/Target STA-405
Rac2 Activation Assay Immunoblot/ECL 20 Assays STA-401-2
RhoC Activation Assay Immunoblot/ECL 20 Assays STA-403-C
Arf6 Activation Assay Immunoblot/ECL 20 Assays STA-407-6
Arf1 Activation Assay Immunoblot/ECL 20 Assays STA-407-1
Rap1 Activation Assay Immunoblot/ECL 20 Assays STA-406-1
RhoB Activation Assay Immunoblot/ECL 20 Assays STA-403-B
Rap2 Activation Assay Immunoblot/ECL 20 Assays STA-406-2
H-Ras Activation Assay Immunoblot/ECL 20 Assays STA-400-H
K-Ras Activation Assay Immunoblot/ECL 20 Assays STA-400-K
N-Ras Activation Assay Immunoblot/ECL 20 Assays STA-400-N
1. Ohashi, K. et al. (2012). Lung cancers with acquired resistance to EGFR inhibitors occasionally harbor BRAF gene mutations but lack mu-
tations in KRAS, NRAS or MEK1. PNAS 109:E2127-E2133. (STA-400)
2. Geryk-Hall, M. et al. (2010). Driven to death: inhibition of farnesylation increases Ras activity in osteosarcoma and promotes growth arrest
and cell death. Mol. Cancer Ther. 9:1111-1119. (STA-400)
3. Camalier, C.E. et al. (2010). Elevated phosphate activates N-ras and promotes cell transformation and skin tumorigenesis. Cancer Prev.
Res. 3:359-370. (STA-400)
4. Tsukamoto, Y. et al. (2013). A novel heart failure mice model of hypertensive heart disease by angiotensin II infusion, nephrectomy, and
salt loading. Am. J. Physiol. Heart Circ. Physiol. 305:H1658-H1667. (STA-401-1)
5. Petzold, T. et al. (2013). 1 integrin-mediated signals are required for platelet granule secretion and hemostasis in mouse. Blood 122:2723-
2731. (STA-401-1)
6. Cristante, E. et al. (2013). Identification of an essential endogenous regulator of blood-brain barrier integrity, and its pathological and thera-
peutic implications. PNAS 110:832-841. (STA-401-1)
7. Yanagashita, T. et al. (2014). Actin-binding protein, espin: a novel metastatic regulator for melanoma. Mol. Cancer Res. 12:440-446. (STA-
401-1, STA-403-A)
8. He, S. et al. (2013). SRGAP1 is a candidate gene for papillary thyroid carcinoma susceptibility. J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab. 98:E973-E980.
(STA-402)
9. Fiuza, M. et al. (2013). GluN3A expression restricts spine maturation via inhibition of GIT1/Rac1 signaling. PNAS 110:20807-20812. (STA-
403-A)
10. Basu, M. et al. (2012). Wnt/-catenin pathway is regulated by PITX2 homeodomain protein and thus contributes to the proliferation of hu-
man ovarian adenocarcinoma cell SKOV-3. J. Biol. Chem. 288:4355-4367. (STA-403-A)
11. Holmes, K.M. et al. (2012). Insulin-like growth factor-binding protein 2-driven glioma progression is prevented by blocking a clinically signifi-
cant integrin, integrin-linked kinase, and NF-kB network. PNAS 109:2168-2173. (STA-404)
12. Wang, J. et al. (2013). DEK depletion negatively regulates Rho/ROCK/MLC pathway in non-small cell lung cancer. J. Histochem. & Cyto-
chem. 10.1369/00221155413488120. (STA-405)
13. Quint, P. et al. (2013). Sphingosine 1-phosphate (S1P) receptors 1 and 2 coordinately induce mesenchymal cell migration through S1P
activation of complementary kinase pathways. J. Biol. Chem. 288:5398-5406. (STA-405)
14. Baranwai, S. et al. (2011). Molecular characterization of the tumor-suppressive function of nischarin in breast cancer. J. Natl. Cancer Inst.
10.1093/jnci/djr350. (STA-405)
15. Grossman, A. et al. (2013). The small GTPase ARF6 stimulates -catenin transcriptional activity during WNT5A-mediated melanoma inva-
sion and metastasis. Sci Signal 6:ra14. (STA-407-6)
CELL SIGNALING & PROTEIN BIOLOGY

114
Active Rac-GEF Assay Kit (Tiam1) Immunoblot/ECL 20 Assays STA-422
Active Rac-GEF Assay Kit (Tiam1)
Guanine nucleotide exchange factors (GEFs) acti-
vate small GTPases by catalyzing the exchange of
GDP for GTP.

Our Active Rac-GEF Assay Kit (Tiam1) uses the
agarose bead technology of our Small GTPase
Activation Assays (previous page). Agarose beads
pull down the active form of Rac-GEFs from en-
dogenous lysates or purified samples. The specific
GEF known as Tiam1 is then specifically detected
with a polyclonal antibody.
Oubaha, M. et al. (2012). Formation of a PKC/-catenin complex in
endothelial cells promotes angiopoietin-1-induced collective direc-
tional migration and angiogenic sprouting. Blood 120:3371-3381.
Tiam1 Acti vation
Assay. Left: 293
cells were transfected
with active Tiam1.
Active Tiam1 in lysate
was pulled down with
Rac1 G15A agarose
beads. Right: Active
Tiam-1 in 2 mg of
MDA-231 cell lysate
was pulled down with
Rac1 G15A agarose
beads and probed
with anti-Tiam1 anti-
body.
96-Well Ras Activation ELISA Kits
Chemiluminescent 96 Assays STA-441
96-Well Ras Activation ELISA Kit
Our 96-Well Ras Activation Assays use the Raf1 Rho
binding domain (Raf1 RBD) to selectively pull down
the active form of Ras from purified or endogenous
samples. The captured GTP-Ras is then detected by
a pan-Ras antibody and HRP-conjugated secondary
antibody. Detection is by either colorimetric or
chemiluminescent plate reader.
EGF Stimulation and Acti ve Ras Detection with the 96-Well
Ras Acti vation ELISA Kit. HeLa cells were serum starved for 18
hours before EGF stimulation of 50 ng/mL for 2 minutes. Lysates
were then prepared according to the assay protocol.
Pan-Ras Antibody Specificity.
Anti-pan-Ras antibody reactivity
with H-Ras, K-Ras and N-Ras
human isoforms by dot blot.

115
Product Name Target Size Catalog Number
Cdc42 G15A Agarose Beads Cdc42-GEF 800 g STA-433
Rac1 G15A Agarose Beads Rac1-GEF 800 g STA-432
RhoA G17A Agarose Beads RhoA-GEF 400 g STA-431
GEF Agarose Assay Beads
1. Yuen, H. et al. (2013). RanGTPase: a candidate for Myc-
mediated cancer progression. J. Natl. Cancer Inst. 105:475-488.
(STA-410)
2. Moniz, S. et al. (2007). Protein kinase WNK2 inhibits cell prolif-
eration by negatively modulating the activation of MEK1/ERK1/2.
Oncogene 26(41):6071-6081. (STA-410)
3. Pothula, S. et al. (2013). Regulation of Cdc42 expression and
signaling is critical for promoting corneal epithelial wound heal-
ing. Invest. Ophthalmol. Vis. Sci. 54:5343-5352. (STA-411)
4. Zhang, Q-G. et al. (2009). Estrogen attenuates ischemic oxida-
tive damage via an estrogen receptor alpha-mediated inhibition
of NADPH oxidase activation. J. Neurosci. 29:13823-13836.
(STA-411)
5. Levy-Adam, F. et al. (2008). Heparanase facilitates cell adhe-
sion and spreading by clustering of cell surface heparan sulfate
proteoglycans. PLoS ONE 3(6):e2319. (STA-411, STA-412)
6. Sabbatini, M. E. et al. (2010). CCK activates RhoA and Rac1
differentially through G-alpha-13 and G-alpha-q in mouse pan-
creatic acini. Am. J. Physiol. Cell Physiol. 298:C592-C605. (STA
-411, STA-412)
7. Sabbatini, M. et al. (2008). Rap1 activation plays a regulatory
role in pancreatic amylase secretion. J. Biol. Chem. 283:23884-
23894. (STA-412)
Small GTPase/G-Protein CELL SIGNALING & PROTEIN BIOLOGY
Small GTPase Agarose Assay Beads
Our agarose beads are useful for selectively pulling
down only the active form of small GTPases. The
beads are colored for easily visualization. These
are the same beads used in our Small GTPase Ac-
tivation Assays (p. 108-109).
Visible Agarose Beads. Beads are
easy to visualize, making it easier to
avoid potential loss during washes
and aspirations.
1. Ngok, S. et al. (2013). Phosphorylation-mediated 14-3-3 protein
binding regulates the function of the Rho-specific guanine nu-
cleotide exchange factor (RhoGEF) Syx. J. Biol. Chem.
288:6640-6650. (STA-431)
2. Colacios, C. et al. (2011). The p.Arg63Trp polymorphism con-
trols Vav1 functions and Fox3p regulatory T cell development. J.
Exp. Med. 208:2183-2191. (STA-432)
Product Name Target Size Catalog Number
GGA3 PBD Agarose Beads Arf 400 g STA-419
PAK1 PBD Agarose Beads Cdc42, Rac 400 g STA-411
Raf1 RBD Agarose Beads Ras 400 g STA-410
RalBP1 PBD Agarose Beads Ral 400 g STA-420
RalGDS RBD Agarose Beads Rap 400 g STA-418
RanBP1 Agarose Beads Ran 400 g STA-421
Rhotekin RBD Agarose Beads Rho 400 g STA-412
Our GEF agarose beads are useful for selectively
pulling down only the active form of guanine nu-
cleotide exchange factors (GEF). The beads are
colored for easily visualization.

116
Product Name Vectors Size Catalog Number
Cdc42 Expression Vector Set Wild Type, T17N (Dom. Neg.), Q61L (Active) 3 x 100 L STA-455
GFP-Cdc42 Expression Vector Set Wild Type, T17N (Dom. Neg.), Q61L (Active) 3 x 100 L STA-451
Rac1 Expression Vector Set Wild Type, T17N (Dom. Neg.), G12V (Active) 3 x 100 L STA-454
GFP-Rac1 Expression Vector Set Wild Type, T17N (Dom. Neg.), Q61L (Active) 3 x 100 L STA-450
H-Ras Expression Vector Set Wild Type, T17N (Dom. Neg.), G12V (Active) 3 x 100 L STA-457
RhoA Expression Vector Set Wild Type, T19N (Dom. Neg.), G14V (Active) 3 x 100 L STA-456
GFP-RhoA Expression Vector Set Wild Type, T19N (Dom. Neg.), Q63L (Active) 3 x 100 L STA-452
3 x 100 L STA-460 Exoenzyme C3 Expression Vector
Small GTPase Expression Vector Sets
Our Small GTPase Expression Vectors are ideal
tools for the study of the most commonly researched
small GTPase targets. Each set contains 3 mammal-
ian expression vectors:

- Wild type
- Dominant negative
- Constitutively active

Vectors are available with or without a GFP reporter
gene. All vectors are supplied as bacterial glycerol
stocks.
Exoenzyme C3 (Rho Inhibitor) Expression Vector
Product Name Vectors Size Catalog Number
Active Rac1 Expression Vector Set Q61L, Q61L/F37A, Q61L/Y40C 3 x 100 L STA-458
Active H-Ras Expression Vector Set V12, V12/S35, V12/C40 3 x 100 L STA-459
Active Small GTPase Expression Vector Sets
Our Active Small GTPase Expression Vectors are similar to the expression vectors above, except that they
are provided as sets of 3 different active mutants for a single small GTPase target. All vectors are supplied as
bacterial glycerol stocks.
This vector is supplied as bacterial glycerol stock.

117
Zhao, B. et al. (2012). TNF-induced osteoclastogenesis and inflam-
matory bone resorption are inhibited by transcription factor RBP-J.
J. Exp. Med. 209:319-334. (RTV-101)
Small GTPase Recombinant Adenoviruses
Cdc42 ADV-152
Rac1 ADV-149
Ras V12C40 ADV-148
Ras V12S35 ADV-147
All of Cell Biolabs premade recombinant adenovi-
ruses contain 5 x 10
9
viral particles per vial. They
are provided as 50 L aliquots at a concentration of
1 x 10
11
viral particles/mL in TBS with 10% glycerol.
Actin Cytoskeleton
Staining. Cos-7
cells were infected
with purified Ad-Ras
V12 (ADV-146) at 50
MOI (multiplicity of
infection). Membrane
ruffling was visual-
ized by staining the
actin cytoskeleton
with Rhodamine-
coupled Phalloidin.
1. Black, S.A. et al. (2008). TGF1 stimulates connective tissue
growth factor (CCN2/CTGF) expression in human gingival
fibroblasts through a RhoA-independent, Rac1/Cdc42-
dependent mechanism: statins with forskolin block TGF1-
induced CCN2/CTGF expression. J. Biol. Chem. 283:10835-
10847. (ADV-145, ADV-150, ADV-153, ADV-156)
retinal phagocytosis requires av5 integrin but not tyrosine
kinases focal adhesion kinase or Mer tyrosine kinase. Mol. Biol.
Cell 23:1104-1114. (ADV-150)
3. Thomas, M.A. et al. (2009). E4orf1 limits the oncolytic potential
of the E1B-55K-deleted adenovirus. J. Virol. 83:2406-2416.
(ADV-150)
4. Rendon, B. et al. (2007). Regulation of human lung adenocarci-
noma cell migration and invasion by MIF. J. Biol. Chem.
282:29910-29918. (ADV-150)
morphogenesis. J. Cell Sci. 122:929-936. (ADV-150, ADV-153,
ADV-154)
6. Cheng, Z.-J. et al. (2010). Co-regulation of caveolar and Cdc42
-dependent fluid phase endocytosis by phosphocaveolin-1. J.
Biol. Chem. 285:15119-15125. (ADV-153)
7. Perez-Moreno, M. et al. (2008). Loss of p120 catenin and links
to mitotic alterations, inflammation, and skin cancer. PNAS
105:15399-15404. (ADV-156)
8. Neal, M. et al. (2013). A critical role for TLR4 induction of auto-
3551. (ADV-156, ADV-157)
9. Vaught, D. et al. (2009). Regulation of mammary gland branch-
ing morphogenesis by EphA2 receptor tyrosine kinase. Mol.
Biol. Cell 20:2572-2581. (ADV-157)
10.Brantley-Sieders, D. et al. (2008). The receptor tyrosine kinase
EphA2 promotes mammary adenocarcinoma tumorigenesis
and metastatic progression in mice by amplifying ErbB2 signal.
J. Clin. Invest. 118:64-78. (ADV-157)
N-Ras K61 pBABEpuro RTV-222
Ras V12 pBABEpuro RTV-101
Ras V12C40 pBABEpuro RTV-104
Ras V12G37 pBABEpuro RTV-103
Ras V12S35 pBABEpuro RTV-102
RhoA L63 pBABEhygro RTV-204
Our recombinant retroviral plasmids contain a spe-
cific gene cloned into a pBABE vector backbone.
Each vector is supplied as 100 L of bacterial
glycerol stock.
Gene-Specific Recombinant Retroviral Vectors
Cdc42 L61 pBABEhygro RTV-203
myr-Rac1 pBABEpuro RTV-201
Rac1 V12 pBABEhygro RTV-202
Rac3 V12 pBABEhygro RTV-205
K-Ras pBABEpuro RTV-220
K-Ras Q61 pWZLhygro RTV-221

118
Small GTPase Recombinant Human Proteins
Regulators of G Protein Signaling (RGS) Recombinant Human Proteins
Protein Name Tag / Location Catalog Number
Cdc42 T7 / N-term STA-700
Rab1a 6xHis / N-term STA-701
Rab1b 6xHis / N-term STA-702
Rab3b 6xHis / N-term STA-705
Size
50 g
10 g
10 g
20 g
20 g
20 g
Rab3d 6xHis / N-term 20 g STA-706
Rab4a 6xHis / N-term 10 g STA-707
Rab5a None 20 g STA-708
Rab5b 6xHis / N-term 20 g STA-709
Rab13 6xHis / N-term 10 g STA-714
Rab18 T7 / N-term 10 g STA-717
Protein Name Tag / Location Size Catalog Number
Rab 35 6xHis / N-term 10 g STA-726
Rab IF 6xHis / N-term 10 g STA-727
Rac1 6xHis / N-term 50 g STA-728
Rac1 None 50 g STA-729
Rac2 6xHis / N-term 20 g STA-730
Rac3 None 20 g STA-731
Ral A 6xHis / N-term 25 g STA-732
Ral B 6xHis / N-term 10 g STA-733
Ran 6xHis / N-term 10 g STA-734
Rap1a 6xHis / N-term 10 g STA-735
Rap1b 6xHis / N-term 10 g STA-736
Rap2a 6xHis / N-term 10 g STA-737
RERG 6xHis / N-term 10 g STA-738
RHEB T7 / N-term 50 g STA-739
RhoA 6xHis / N-term 20 g STA-740
RhoB 6xHis / N-term 10 g STA-741
RhoC 6xHis / N-term 10 g STA-742
RhoD 6xHis / N-term 5 g STA-743
RND1 6xHis / N-term 20 g STA-744
RND3 6xHis / N-term 20 g STA-745
SAR1A 6xHis / N-term 20 g STA-746
H-Ras 6xHis / C-term 25 g STA-747
K-Ras 6xHis / N-term 25 g STA-748
N-Ras None 10 g STA-749
R-Ras 6xHis / N-term 10 g STA-750
R-Ras2 6xHis / N-term 50 g STA-751
RGS2 6xHis / N-term 5 g STA-780

Recombinant GRP-PH Domain
100 g STA-200
1 mg STA-200-1MG
Recombinant GRP-PH Domain
The GRP1 (general receptor for phosphoinositide) protein binds phosphatidylinositol-3,4,5-triphosphate (PIP3)
through a pleckstrin homology (PH) domain and displays a region of high sequence similarity to the yeast
Sec7 protein.

This recombinant protein is expressed and purified from E. coli as a fusion protein, and is provided at 1.0 mg/
ml in 1X PBS.
Cyclic AMP and GMP ELISA Kits
- Sensitive: Detect as little as 1 pmol/mL
- Versatile: Suitable for use with cell and tissue lys-
ates, urine, plasma, or culture medium
- Convenient: Strip-well plate format with either
colorimetric or chemiluminescent detection
Cyclic AMP and cyclic GMP are important regulatory
molecules in the GPCR signaling cascade. Our cAMP
and cGMP ELISA Kits provide a highly sensitive
method to measure low levels of cAMP or cGMP in a
variety of sample types.
cAMP ELISA Kit
Colorimetric
96 Assays STA-500
Chemiluminescent
96 Assays STA-501
cGMP ELISA Kit
Colorimetric
96 Assays STA-505
96 Assays STA-506
Chemiluminescent
0
0.5
1
1.5
2
2.5
0.0 0.1 1.0 10.0 100.0 1000.0 10000.0 100000.0
cAMP (pmol/mL)
O
D

4
5
0
n
m
Standard Curve Created with the cAMP ELISA Kit, Colorimetric
Format.
1. Meyer, R. et al. (2013). GPR37 and GPR37L1 are receptors for
the neuroprotective and glioprotective factors prosaptide and
prosaposin. PNAS 110:9529-9534. (STA-500)
2. Sun, Z. et al. (2011). The WD40 repeat protein WDR26 binds
Gg and promotes Gg-dependent signal transduction and
leukocyte migration. J. Biol. Chem. 286:43902-43912. (STA-
500)
3. Chen, M. et al. (2010). Involvement of cAMP in nerve growth
factor-triggered p35/Cdk5 activation and differentiation in PC12
cells. Am. J. Physiol. Cell Physiol. 299:C516-C527. (STA-500)
4. McCoy, K.L. et al. (2010). PAR1 and PAR2 couple to overlap-
ping and distinct sets of G proteins and linked signaling path-
ways to differentially regulate cell physiology. Mol. Pharmacol.
77:1005-1015. (STA-500)
5. Liu, L. et al. (2012). Radil controls neutrophil adhesion and motil-
ity through 2-integrin activation. Mol. Biol. Cell 23:4751-4765.
(STA-501)
119

120
CELL SIGNALING & PROTEIN BIOLOGY Kinase Assays
Rho Kinase (ROCK) Activity Assays
Rho Kinase (ROCK) is a serine/threonine kinase which is a target of Rho. ROCK mediates Rho signaling and
reorganizes the actin cytoskeleton via the phosphorylation of several substrates that contribute to contractility
and the assembly of actin filaments.
ROCK Activity Immunoblot Kit Immunoblot 20 Assays STA-415
96-Well ROCK Activity Assay
96 Assays STA-416
Colorimetric
Results Using the ROCK Acti vity Immunoblot Kit. Lanes 1, 3,
5, 7: Without ROCK (negative control). Lanes 2, 4, 6, 8: With
ROCK. Lanes 1 & 2: 200 ng MYPT1; Lanes 3 & 4: 100 ng;
Lanes 5 & 6: 50 ng; Lanes 7 & 8: 25 ng. Phosphorylation of
MYPT1 substrate was detected by anti-phospho-MYPT1 as de-
scribed in the protocol.
96-Well ROCK Acti vity Assay Principle.
Our ROCK Activity Assays provide a non-radioactive
format to measure the level of active ROCK in cell or
tissue lysates. The immunoblot kit provides a conven-
ient format for measuring ROCK activity in a few sam-
ples, while the 96-well Activity Assay contains a strip-
well plate precoated with MYPT1 for higher throughput.
1. Georgess, D. et al. (2014). Comparative transcriptomics reveals
RhoE as a novel regulator of actin dynamics in bone-resorbing
osteoclasts. Mol. Biol. 25:380-396. (STA-415)
2. Wang, J.N. et al. (2011). Response gene to complement 32 pro-
motes vascular lesion formation through stimulation of smooth
muscle cell proliferation and migration. Arterioscler. Thromb. Vasc.
Biol. 31:e19-e26. (STA-415)
3. Xiao, L. et al. (2009). ROCK mediates phorbol ester-induced
apoptosis in prostate cancer cells via p21-Cip1 upregulation and
JNK. J. Biol. Chem. 284:29365-29375. (STA-415)
4. Burger, D. et al. (2011). Endothelial microparticle formation by
angiotensin II is mediated via ang II receptor type I/NADPH oxi-
dase/Rho kinase pathways targeted to lipid rafts. Arterioscler.
Thromb. Vasc. Biol. 31:1898-1907. (STA-416)
5. Haas, B. et al. (2009). Protein kinase G controls brown fat cell
differentiation and mitochondrial biogenesis. Sci. Signal. 2:ra78.
(STA-416)

121
Kinase Assays CELL SIGNALING & PROTEIN BIOLOGY
Checkpoint Kinase Activity Assays
Checkpoint kinases, including CHK1 and CHK2, can
be activated in response to DNA damage prior to mi-
tosis. These kinases phosphorylate Cdc25C, a pro-
tein phosphatase, at Ser-216. This phosphorylation
ultimately leads to cell cycle arrest, preventing mitosis
and avoiding the passage of DNA damage to daugh-
ter cells.

Our Checkpoint Kinase Activity Assays allow you to
conveniently measure the activity of CHK1 and
CHK2. The assays use recombinant Cdc25C as a
checkpoint kinase substrate. Phosphorylated
Cdc25C (Ser216) is detected using a phospho-
specific antibody. Checkpoint Kinase Activitiy As-
says are available in two formats: a Western blot
assay and a 96-well plate-based activity assay.
Checkpoint Kinase Activity Immunoblot Kit Immunoblot 20 Assays STA-413
96-Well Checkpoint Kinase Activity Assay Kit
96 Assays STA-414
Colorimetric
96-Well Checkpoint Kinase Activity Assay Principle.
CHK1 Acti vity Using the Checkpoint Kinase Acti vity
Immunoblot Kit. Lane 1: Negative Control; Lane 2: 10
ng of active CHK1.

122
GFP Quantitation Kit
GFP Quantitation Kit Fluorometric 100 Assays AKR-120
Most imaging studies of rGFP are qualitative, and
quantitation by FACS is time consuming and expen-
sive. Our GFP ELISA kit uses a standard microplate
reader to quantify GFP levels with extremely high
sensitivity. This kit will detect GFP form Aequorea
victoria as well as its variants.
Standard Curve Generated with the GFP ELISA Kit.
- Sensitive: Detection limit of 30 pg/mL
- Versatile: Quantify GFP and its variants: BFP,
CFP or YFP
- Easy Quantitation: Measure GFP levels in a
standard microplate reader
1. Mango, R. et al. (2014). C-C chemokine receptor 5 on pulmo-
nary mesenchymal cells promotes experimental metastasis via
the induction of erythroid differentiation regulator 1. Mol. Cancer
Res. 12:274-282.
2. Mitchell, A. et al. (2014). Promyelocytic leukemia protein is a cell
-intrinsic factor inhibiting parvovirus DNA replication. J. Virol.
88:925-936.
3. Coghill, J.M. et al. (2013). CC chemokine receptor 8 potentiates
donor Treg survival and is critical for the prevention of murine
graft-versus-host disease. Blood 122:825-836.
4. Pedersen, J. et al. (2012). Glucose metabolism is altered after
loss of L cells and o-cells but not influenced by loss of K cells.
Am. J. Physiol. Endocrinol. Metab. 304:E60-E73.
5. Zhou, W. et al. (2012). Inducible podocyte injury and proteinuria
in transgenic Zebrafish. J. Am. Soc. Nephrol. 23:1039-1047.
6. Fonseca, J.P. et al. (2012). In vivo polycomb kinetics and mitotic
chromatin binding distinguish stem cells from differentiated cells.
Genes and Dev. 26: 857-871.
7. Coghill, J.M. et al. (2010). Separation of graft-versus-host dis-
ease from graft-versus-leukemia responses by targeting CC-
chemokine receptor 7 on donor T cells. Blood 115:4914-4922.
8. Rajan, S. et al. (2010). In vitro processing and secretion of mu-
tant insulin proteins that cause permanent neonatal diabetes.
CELL SIGNALING & PROTEIN BIOLOGY Reporter Molecules
We offer a variety of tools for various reporter molecules:
- Reporter Assays
- Reporter Stable Cell Lines
- Recombinant Fluorescent Proteins
- Antibodies to Reporter Molecules
- Reporter Viral Vectors
Reporter Assays, Cell Lines and Reagents
GFP ELISA Kit
1. Pfeiffer, B. et al. (2012). Using translational enhancers to in-
crease transgene expression in Drosophila. PNAS 109:6626-
6631.
2. Wamboldt, Y. et al. (2009). Participation of leaky ribosome scan-
ning in protein dual targeting by alternative translation initiation
in higher plants. Plant Cell 21:157-167.
GFP ELISA Kit Colorimetric 96 Assays AKR-121
When direct quantitation of GFP fluorescence levels
is desired, our GFP Quantitation Kit provides a su-
perior method over time-consuming flow cytometry
and semi-quantitative imaging techniques. This kit
measures fluorescence levels directly in a plate-
based fluorometer.

123
-Galactosidase Staining Kit
LacZ is a commonly used reporter gene in transfec-
tion experiments because its gene product, -
galactosidase, is extremely stable and resistant to
proteolytic degradation, making it easy to assay.

Our -Galactosidase Staining Kit provides an effi-
cient, easy-to-use method to determine the transfec-
tion efficiency of the LacZ gene.
-Galactosidase Staining Kit 75 Assays AKR-100
Cell Line Catalog Number
293/CFP AKR-270
293/GFP AKR-200
293/Luc AKR-230
Reporter Stable Cell Lines
Black, S.A. et al. (2008). TGF1 stimulates connective tissue
growth factor (CCN2/CTGF) expression in human gingival fibro-
blasts through a RhoA-independent, Rac1/Cdc42-dependent
mechanism: statins with forskolin block TGF1-induced CCN2/
CTGF expression. J. Biol. Chem. 283:10835-10847.
Reporter Molecules CELL SIGNALING & PROTEIN BIOLOGY
A549/GFP AKR-209
BT-549/GFP AKR-255
ES-2/GFP AKR-206
HeLa/GFP AKR-213
MCF-7/GFP AKR-211
MCF-7/Luc AKR-234
MDA-MB-231/GFP AKR-201
MDA-MB-231/GFP-RFP AKR-221
MDA-MB-231/Luc AKR-231
293/YFP AKR-280
293T/GFP-Puro AKR-202
NIH3T3/GFP AKR-214
OVCA429/GFP AKR-212
OVCAR-5/RFP AKR-254
SKOV-3/GFP-Luc AKR-225
SKOV-3/Luc AKR-232
SKOV-3/RFP AKR-253
T47D/GFP AKR-208
MDA-MB-436/RFP AKR-252
MDA-MB-231/RFP AKR-251
RFP ELISA Kit
1. Zhang, K. et al. (2014). Block-cell-
printing for live single-cell printing.
PNAS 111:2948-2953. (AKR-201, AKR-
211, AKR-252)
2. Zhang, W. et al. (2012). Microfluidics
separation reveals the stem-cell-like
deformability of tumor-initiating cells.
PNAS 109:18707-18712. (AKR-211,
AKR-252)
3. Weerakkody, D. et al. (2013). Family of
pH (low) insertion peptides for tumor
targeting. PNAS 110:5834-5839. (AKR-
213)
Each cell line expresses one or more reporter molecules.
RFP ELISA Kit Colorimetric 96 Assays AKR-122
- Sensitive: Detection limit of
150 pg/mL
- Easy Quantification: Measure
RFP levels in a standard 96-
well microplate reader
Our RFP ELISA Kit provides a convenient, sensitive
alternative to imaging systems and time-consuming
FACS quantitation. The assay quantifies a wide vari-
ety of red fluorescent protein variants including
DsRed, TagRFP, TurboRFP, tdTomato, mCherry,
mKate, mRuby, mBanana, mOrange, mPlum, and
mStrawberry.
X-Gal Staining of Infected HUVEC Cells and Chick CAM Tissue.
Left: HUVEC cells were infected with purified Ad--Gal at 50 MOI
(multiplicity of infection). X-gal staining was performed after 48 hour
infection period. Right: Purified Ad--Gal was injected intravenously
into a 10-day old chick embryo. After three days, X-gal staining was
performed on the chick chorioallanoic membrane tissue.

CELL SIGNALING & PROTEIN BIOLOGY Reporter Molecules
124
Monoclonal Antibodies to Reporter Molecules
Antibodies are provided at a concentration of 1 mg/mL. GFP antibody also recognizes EGFP, YFP, EYFP and
CFP. RFP antibody recognizes Tag-RFP, Turbo-RFP, DeRed, mCherry and mOrange. Antibodies are suitable
for Western blot, Immunostaining, ELISA and Dot blot.
Size Catalog Number
Mouse Anti-GFP Monoclonal Antibody (clone GF28R) 100 g AKR-020
Mouse Anti-RFP Monoclonal Antibody (clone RF5R) 100 g AKR-021
Product Name
Reporter Viral Vectors
Premade viruses and viral constructs with reporter molecules make ideal controls for viral gene delivery experi-
ments.
Recombinant Fluorescent Proteins
Recombinant EGFP
100 g STA-201
5 x 100 g STA-201-5
100 g STA-202
5 x 100 g STA-202-5
Recombinant RFP
Recombinant EGFP and RFP are provided at a con-
centration of 1 mg/mL and includes a 6xHis-tag at
the C-terminus.
Sokolova, E. et al. (2013). Enhanced transcription rates in mem-
brane-free protocells formed by coacervation of cell lysate. PNAS
110:11692-11697. (STA-201)
Maamary, J. et al. (2012). Attenuated influenza virus constructs with enhanced hemagglutinin protein expression. J. Virol. 86:5782-5790.
(AKR-021)
Reporter AAV Reporter Adenoviruses
Reporter Lentiviruses
Reporter Retroviral Plasmids
AAV1-GFP Control Virus AAV-301
AAV2-Cre Control Virus AAV-310
AAV2-Luc Control Virus AAV-320
GFP Lentivirus Control LTV-300
RFP Lentivirus Control LTV-301
|-Galactosidase ADV-002
Firefly Luciferase ADV-008
GFP ADV-004
GFP RTV-002
GFP RTV-051
Vector Backbone
pBABE
pMCs
GFP pMX RTV-050
GFP pMYs RTV-052
GFP-Puro pMX RTV-053

Epitope Tags/Antibodies CELL SIGNALING & PROTEIN BIOLOGY
125
Size Catalog Number
Mouse Anti-FLAG Tag Monoclonal Antibody (clone FG4R) 100 g AKR-004
Mouse Anti-GST Tag Monoclonal Antibody (clone GST.B6) 100 g AKR-005
Product Name
Mouse Anti-HA Tag Monoclonal Antibody (clone HA.C5) 100 g AKR-006
Mouse Anti-His Tag Monoclonal Antibody (clone HIS.H8) 100 g AKR-003
Mouse Anti-Myc Tag Monoclonal Antibody (clone Myc.A7) 100 g AKR-007
Mouse Anti-V5 Tag Monoclonal Antibody (clone E10) 100 g AKR-008
Mouse Anti-GAPDH Monoclonal Antibody 100 g AKR-001
Mouse Anti--Actin Monoclonal Antibody 100 g AKR-002
Mouse Anti--Tubulln Monoclonal Antibody 100 g AKR-009
Monoclonal Antibodies to Epitope Tags
Antibodies are provided at a concentration of 1 mg/mL. GAPDH, -Actin and -Tubulin are also available as
loading controls. All are suitable for Western blot, Immunostaining, ELISA, Immunoprecipitation, and Dot blot.
His-Tag Protein ELISA Kit
Our His-Tag Protein ELISA Kit allows you to detect and quantify His-tagged protein samples simply and reliably
by comparing unknown samples with a recombinant standard. The kit is suitable for use with cell lysates and
tissue homogenates.
- Sensitive: Detect as little as 1 ng/mL protein or 50
pM of 6xHis-tag residues
- Versatile: Use with proteins containing His-tag at
either N- or C-terminus
Rapid Antibody Purification Kit
Rapid Antibody Purification Kit 10 Preps AKR-160
Species mg of IgG per Prep
Bovine 15-20
Goat 6-12
Human 20-30
Mouse 6-12
Rabbit 15-20
Our Rapid Antibody Purification Kit is designed for
fast, single-step purification of high-quality IgG from
ascites, serum, tissue culture media or hybridoma
supernatants. IgG-containing samples are incubated
with immobilized Protein A in the presence of a bind-
ing buffer. Non-IgG components are washed and IgG
is subsequently eluted. The supplied Protein A col-
umn is suitable for 10 purification preps. The capac-
ity per prep depends on the species of IgG; exam-
ples are listed in the column at right.
Capacity per Prep for the Rapid Antibody Purification Kit.
Dong, Y. et al. (2013). HMGB1 protein does not mediate the in-
flammatory response in spontaneous spinal cord regeneration: A
hint for CNS regeneration. J. Biol. Chem. 288:18204-18218.
His-Tag Protein ELISA Kit Colorimetric 96 Assays AKR-130

PhosphoBLOCKER Reagent
Dry Milk
PhosphoBLOCKER Western Blot Blocking Reagent
Superior Blocking with PhosphoBLOCKER Reagent. A549
cell lysate was blocked with dry milk or PhosphoBLOCKER before
detection with anti-Phospho-p38 antibody.
1 L AKR-103
4 L AKR-104
PhosphoBLOCKER Western Blot Blocking Reagent
Phospho Antibody Stripping Solution 10 mL AKR-102
Phospho Antibody Stripping Solution
Western blot blockers such as dry milk or serum are
sufficient to block unreactive sites on the membrane.
However, they are not designed to preserve phos-
phoprotein antigens during blotting.
- High Sensitivity: Enhances low level phospho-
protein signal without increasing background
- Easy-to-use: Premixed dry blend
This solution removes anti-phosphoantibodies selec-
tively from blots without significantly affecting the
immobilized proteins, allowing re-probing of the blot
with the same or a different antibody. Stripping of
antibodies is done at room temperature, so no heat-
ing of blots is required.
Multiple Blotting and
Stripping of 4G10
Phosphotyrosine
Antibody.
1. Marques, J. et al. (2013). CRMP2 tethers kainate receptor activ-
ity to cytoskeleton dynamics during neuronal maturation. J. Neu-
rosci. 33:18298-18310.
2. Ferreira, E. et al. (2013). Inflammatory cytokines induce a
unique mineralizing phenotype in mesenchymal stem cells de-
rived from human bone marrow. J. Biol. Chem. 288:29550-
29561.
3. Rosich, L. et al. (2012). Counteracting autophagy overcomes
resistance to everolimus in mantle cell lymphoma. Clin. Cancer
Res. 18:5278-5289.
4. Martinez, P. et al. (2012). 53BP1 deficiency combined with te-
lomere dysfunction activates ATR-dependent DNA damage
response. J. Cell Biol. 197:283-300.
CELL SIGNALING & PROTEIN BIOLOGY Protein Phosphorylation
126
2 preps AKR-105
5 preps AKR-106
Phosphoprotein Purification Kit
Phosphoprotein Purification Kit
Enrichment of p-ERK.
HeLa cell lysate was
incubated with the Phos-
phoprotein Enrichment
Matrix from the Phos-
phoprotein Purification
Kit.
Our Phosphoprotein Purification Kit allows you to
enrich your phosphoprotein samples quickly and
easily. Phosphorylated proteins are affinity purified
from lysates with a single-step purification / enrich-
ment matrix. The entire procedure takes about 4
hours. Each prep can process 2.5 mg of total lysate
protein, or approximately one confluent 10 cm dish.

Our Bacterial Protein Extraction Reagents contain a gentle, non-ionic detergent formulation that quickly extracts
functional recombinant proteins from E. coli without mechanical disruption. The reagents are compatible with
6xHis and GST affinity purification systems and are suitable for small-scale or large-scale protein extraction.
127
Protein Isolation CELL SIGNALING & PROTEIN BIOLOGY
Rapid GST Inclusion Body Solubilization and Renaturation Kit
Rapid GST Inclusion Body Solubilization and Renaturation Kit 1 Kit AKR-110
The Rapid GST Inclusion Body Solubilization and Re-
naturation Kit is designed to retrieve expressed GST
fusion proteins in soluble form after lysis and extrac-
tion. Each kit contains sufficient reagents to solubilize
and renature up to 5-10 liters of bacterial culture.
- Fast Results: No lengthy dialysis or dilution steps
- Easy-to-Use: No pH variation or redox pair
- Optimized: Designed specifically to solubilize and
renature GST inclusion bodies
Solubilization and Renaturation of GST-RTK Fusion Protein.
Lane 1: MW STD; Lane 2: Whole E.Coli lysate; Lane 3, 7, 11: No
detergent; Lane 4, 8, 12: 32-fold dilution; Lane 5, 9, 13: 8-fold
dilution; Lane 6, 10, 14: 2-fold dilution.
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14
Pre Beads Post Beads GS Beads
1. Keller, D. et al. (2014). Mechanisms of HsSAS-6 assembly pro-
moting centriole formation in human cells. J. Cell Biol. 204:697-
712.
2. Lalani, S. et al. (2013). MCTP2 is a dosage-sensitive gene re-
quired for cardiac outflow tract development. Hum. Mol. Genet.
10.1093/hmg/ddt283.
Nuclear/Cytosolic Fractionation Kit
20 preps AKR-171
100 preps AKR-172
Nuclear/Cytosolic Fractionation Kit
The Nuclear/Cytosolic Fractionation Kit provides a
simple and fast tool to isolate nuclear extract from the
cytoplasmic fraction of mammalian cells. The opti-
mized protocol provides high protein recovery and
low cross-contamination in less than 2 hours. Ex-
tracted fractions are functional and suitable for down-
stream assays such as DNA footprinting, pre-mRNA
splicing, gel shift assays, reporter assays, enzyme
activity assays, and Western blot.
Size Catalog Number
5X Bacterial Protein Extraction Reagent (Phosphate) 50 mL AKR-181
5X Bacterial Protein Extraction Reagent (Tris) 50 mL AKR-180
Product Name
Bacterial Protein Extraction Reagents
HEK293 Cell
Fractionation.
Whole cell (W),
cytosolic (C), and
nuclear (N) frac-
tions were im-
munoblotted with
Anti-Tubulin
(cytosol specific)
or Anti-Lamin A/C
(nuclear specific).

CELL SIGNALING & PROTEIN BIOLOGY Protein Quantitation
128
High Sensitivity Protein Quantitation Assay Kit
Our High Sensitivity Protein Quantitation Assay Kit
provides a robust method to quantify protein concen-
trations in the g/mL range. The fluorometric format
creates a significant sensitivity advantage over stan-
dard colorimetric methods such as Bradford or BCA
assays.
0
50
100
150
200
250
0 100 200 300 400 500
BSA Standard (ug/mL)
R
F
U
0
5
10
15
20
0 10 20 30 40
BSA Standard (ug/mL)
R
F
U
- Highly Sensitive: Quantify protein concentrations
as low as 5 g/mL
- Fast: Obtain results in 5 to 15 minutes
- Easy-to-use: Read on a 96-well fluorescence
plate reader
Standard Curve Generated with the High Sensitivity Protein Quantitation Assay Kit.
High Sensitivity Protein Quantitation Assay Kit 100 Assays AKR-185
RIPA Buffer
RIPA buffer is a popular reagent for lysis of both adherent and suspension cells in culture, as well as making
tissue homogenates. RIPA buffer extracts cytoplasmic, membrane, and nuclear proteins for a variety of down-
stream protein assays and immunoassays.

Our RIPA Buffer is provided as a 5X concentrate and is available with or without a Protease Inhibitor Cocktail.
5X RIPA Buffer 20 mL AKR-191
5X RIPA Buffer, with Protease Inhibitor Cocktail 20 mL AKR-190

METABOLISM RESEARCH Lipoprotein Metabolism
130
Lipoproteins are important assemblies of proteins and lipids that have implications in car-
diovascular and related diseases. Our kits and reagents can help streamline the study of
various members of lipoprotein metabolism pathways:
Lipoprotein Metabolism Research
- Cholesterol / Lipoproteins
- Apolipoproteins
- Oxidized LDL
- Lipoprotein Receptors
- Cholesteryl Ester Pathway
- Lipoprotein Lipase
- Triglycerides
- Free Fatty Acids
- Phospholipids
- Serum Proteins
Total Cholesterol Assay Kits
Total Cholesterol Assay Kit
0
500
1000
1500
2000
2500
3000
3500
4000
4500
5000
1 to 10 1 to 100 1 to 1000 1 to 10000
R
F
U
s
Serum and Plasma Dilutions
Plasma
Serum
Cholesterol Values from Normal Human Serum and Plasma
Samples. Relative Fluorescence Unit (RFU) values are then com-
pared against a Cholesterol Standard Curve (not shown).
- Fast: Simple 30 minute protocol
- Easy-to-use: Detect in a 96-well plate reader;
colorimetric and fluorometric formats available
Assay Principle for the Total Cholesterol Assay Kit
(Fluorometric).
Cholesterol exists within lipoproteins in two forms: a
free alcohol and a fatty cholesteryl ester, which is the
predominant form of cholesterol transport and stor-
age.

Our Total Cholesterol Assay Kits provide a simple
plate-based format that measures the amount of cho-
lesterol in serum, plasma, cell lysates or tissue ho-
mogenates. In the presence of cholesterol esterase,
the assay will measure total cholesterol in both forms.
In the absence of the esterase, the assay will meas-
ure only free cholesterol.

Quantitation is performed in a 96-well plate reader
with your choice of colorimetric or fluorescence-based
detection.
1. Marino, A. et al. (2014). ITCH deficiency protects from diet-
induced obesity. Diabetes 63:550-561. (STA-384)
2. Mathews, E. et al. (2014). Mutation of 3-hydroxy-3-
methylglutaryl CoA synthase I reveals requirements for isopre-
noid and cholesterol synthesis in oligodendrocyte migration
arrest, axon wrapping, and myelin gene expression. J. Neurosci.
34:3402-3412. (STA-384)

Lipoprotein Metabolism METABOLISM RESEARCH
131
HDL and LDL/VLDL Cholesterol Assay Kit
HDL and LDL/VLDL Cholesterol Assay Kit Fluorometric 192 Assays STA-391
Our HDL and LDL/VLDL Cholesterol Assay Kit is
similar in principle to our Total Cholesterol Assay Kit,
but allows you to quantify HDL and LDL/VLDL sepa-
rately in serum samples. After separating samples
into HDL and LDL/VLDL fractions, the fluorometric
assay is run according to the Assay Principle for the
Total Cholesterol Assay Kit (previous page).

In the presence of cholesterol esterase, the assay will
measure total cholesterol in both free cholesterol and
cholesteryl ester forms. In the absence of the es-
terase, the assay will measure only free cholesterol.
Quantitation of cholesteryl ester alone may be calcu-
lated by subtracting free cholesterol from total choles-
terol levels. Quantitation of Total Cholesterol, LDL/VLDL, and HDL.
7037
5011
1769
0
2000
4000
6000
8000
1
R
F
U
TotalCholesterol
(HDL+LDL/VLDL)
LDL/VLDL
HDL
HDL-Cholesterol Assay Kit
Human Lipoproteins
Human High Density Lipoprotein (HDL) 100 g STA-243
Human High Density Lipoprotein-2 (HDL-2) 100 g STA-244
Human High Density Lipoprotein-3 (HDL-3) 100 g STA-245
Human Low Density Lipoprotein (LDL) 100 g STA-241
Human Low Density Lipoprotein (LDL), Copper (Cu++) Oxidized 100 g STA-214
Human Low Density Lipoprotein (LDL), Malondialdehyde Modified 100 g STA-212
Human Low Density Lipoprotein (LDL), Nitrated 100 g STA-213
Human Very Low Density Lipoprotein (VLDL) 100 g STA-242
HDL-Cholesterol Assay Kit Fluorometric 96 Assays STA-394
- Sensitive: Detect as little as 1 M
- Fast: Simple 45 minute assay protocol
- Easy-to-use: Detect in a 96-well plate fluores-
cence-based plate reader
Our HDL-Cholesterol Assay Kit provides a simple
plate-based format similar to our Total Cholesterol
Assays (previous page). This kit measures the
amount of cholesterol in the HDL fraction isolated
from serum, plasma, cell lysates or tissue homoge-
nates.
Our human lipoproteins are isolated from human plasma following ultracentrifugation.

132
Human ApoAI ELISA Kit Colorimetric 96 Assays STA-362
Human ApoAII ELISA Kit Colorimetric 96 Assays STA-363
Human ApoCI ELISA Kit Colorimetric 96 Assays STA-364
Human ApoCII ELISA Kit Colorimetric 96 Assays STA-365
Human ApoCIII ELISA Kit Colorimetric 96 Assays STA-366
Human ApoE ELISA Kit Colorimetric 96 Assays STA-367
Human ApoB ELISA Kit Colorimetric 96 Assays STA-368
Human Apo(a) ELISA Kit Colorimetric 96 Assays STA-359
Human Apolipoprotein ELISA Kits
Apolipoproteins comprise the protein component of
lipoprotein assemblies. Apolipoproteins fall into two
classes:
- Non-exchangeable Apo B associates with LDL
- Exchangeable Apo A, C and E associate with
HDL

Our Human Apo ELISA Kits provide a convenient and
sensitive method for quantifying specific apolipopro-
teins in serum, plasma, or other biological fluids.
Human ApoB ELISA Standard Curve. Detection Limits of Cell Biolabs Human Apo ELISA Kits.
Apo
AI
Apo
AII
Apo
B
Apo
CI
Apo
CII
Apo
CIII
Apo
E
50
pg/mL
0.3
ng/mL
1
ng/mL
200
pg/mL
1
ng/mL
50
pg/mL
200
pg/mL
Apo
(a)
1
ng/mL
Human Apolipoproteins
Human Albumin, Malondialdehyde Modified 100 g STA-210
Human Apolipoprotein AI 100 g STA-232
Human Apolipoprotein AII 100 g STA-233
Human Apolipoprotein B-100 100 g STA-234
Human Apolipoprotein B-100, Malondialdehyde Modified 100 g STA-211
Human Apolipoprotein CI 100 g STA-235
Human Apolipoprotein CIII 100 g STA-237
Following ultracentrifugation, lipoproteins are isolated from human plasma. Water-soluble apolipoproteins are
then purified from delipidated lipoprotein.

133
Human ApoAI and ApoB Duplex ELISA Kit
Human ApoAI and ApoB Duplex ELISA Kit Colorimetric 96 Assays STA-361
- Efficient: Quantify two apolipoproteins from the
same sample in just a few hours
- Sensitive: Detect as little as 0.1 ng/mL of ApoAI
and 1 ng/mL of ApoB from serum or plasma
- Quantitative: Compare results to known ApoAI and
ApoB standards
Human ApoAI and ApoB Duplex ELISA Kit Assay Principle.
As the primary protein components of HDL and LDL
respectively, ApoAI and ApoB are arguably the most
significant apolipoproteins in lipid metabolism re-
search.

Our Human ApoAI and ApoB Duplex ELISA Kit pro-
vides a convenient tool to quantify both proteins in a
single serum or plasma sample. Unlike other multi-
plex assays, our ApoAI and ApoB Duplex ELISA
does not require a luminometer for detection. Simply
quantify both proteins using a standard colorimetric
ELISA plate reader.

The ELISA plate is coated with Anti-ApoAI and Anti-
ApoB antibodies, which respectively capture HDL and
LDL from the sample. Biotinylated Anti-ApoAI and
Anti-ApoB detection antibodies are added, followed
by enzyme conjugates. Alkaline phosphatase sub-
strate is added allowing quantitation of ApoAI. After
washing, HRP is added to allow quantiation of ApoB.
Sheep Anti-Human Apolipoprotein (a) Polyclonal Antibody Immunoblot/ELISA 100 g STA-131
Goat Anti-Human Apolipoprotein AI Polyclonal Antibody Immunoblot/ELISA 100 g STA-132
Rabbit Anti-Human Apolipoprotein AII Polyclonal Antibody Immunoblot/ELISA 100 g STA-133
Goat Anti-Human Apolipoprotein B-100/48 Polyclonal Antibody Immunoblot/ELISA 100 g STA-134
Rabbit Anti-Human Apolipoprotein CI Polyclonal Antibody Immunoblot/ELISA 100 g STA-135
Rabbit Anti-Human Apolipoprotein CII Polyclonal Antibody Immunoblot/ELISA 100 g STA-136
Rabbit Anti-Human Apolipoprotein CIII Polyclonal Antibody Immunoblot/ELISA 100 g STA-137
Goat Anti-Human Apolipoprotein E Polyclonal Antibody Immunoblot/ELISA 100 g STA-138
Antibodies to Apolipoproteins
Antibodies are affinity purified.

134
OxiSelect Human Oxidized LDL ELISA Kits
LDL contains a hydrophobic core of various lipids
surrounded by one molecule of Apolipoprotein B-100
(ApoB-100), which promotes solubility of the LDL in
blood. LDL, often described as bad cholesterol, is
even more dangerous when it becomes oxidized. Oxi-
dized LDL (OxLDL) is more reactive with surrounding
tissues and can collect within the inner lining of arter-
ies.

Our OxiSelect Human Oxidized LDL ELISA Kits are
designed for the detection and quantitation of modi-
fied LDL in human plasma or serum. Kits are avail-
able to detect MDA-LDL, CML-LDL, or HNE-LDL in
either the protein or lipid component of LDL. Our
OxPL-LDL kit specifically detects oxidation in the
phospholipid component of LDL.
OxiSelect Human Oxidized LDL ELISA Kit (CML-LDL Quantitation) Colorimetric 96 Assays STA-388
OxiSelect Human Oxidized LDL ELISA Kit (HNE-LDL Quantitation) Colorimetric 96 Assays STA-389
OxiSelect Human Oxidized LDL ELISA Kit (MDA-LDL Quantitation) Colorimetric 96 Assays STA-369
OxiSelect Human Oxidized LDL ELISA Kit (OxPL-LDL Quantitation) Colorimetric 96 Assays STA-358
- Sensitive: Detect as little as 50 ng/mL of MDA-
LDL, 150 ng/mL of CML-LDL, 150 ng/mL of HNE-
LDL, or 100 ng/mL of OxPL-LDL
- Quantitative: Compare unknown samples with
provided copper oxidized LDL standard
Quantitation of MDA-LDL in Serum and Plasma Samples. Se-
rum and plasma samples were treated with LDL Precipitation Solu-
tion. Precipitated LDL pellets were resuspended in 1.6 mL of PBS
before further dilution 1:160 in Assay Diluent according to the As-
say Protocol.
OxiSelect Human Oxidized LDL ELISA Assay Principle.
MDA is the most commonly found damage marker in oxidized LDL, but it can degrade in
frozen samples after 1-2 months. CML and HNE, while less commonly found in OxLDL,
may be more reliably detectable in samples that have been frozen for several months.

135
Human LDL Receptor ELISA Kit
Human LOX-1 ELISA Kit
Human LDLR ELISA Kit Colorimetric 96 Assays STA-386
Human LOX-1 ELISA Kit Colorimetric 96 Assays STA-387
Wu, J. et al. (2013). Clinical nephrologyIgA nephropathy, lupus
nephritis, vasculitis. Nephrol. Dial. Transplant. 28:i175-i184.
Cholesterol can be toxic when accumulated in excess
in cell membranes. The low-density lipoprotein recep-
tor (LDLR) is the primary means of removing choles-
terol from the circulation. LDLR is a transmembrane
protein that transports cholesterol-carrying lipoprotein
particles (primarily LDL) into cells. Receptor-ligand
complexes enter the cell by endocytosis; bound lipo-
proteins are subsequently released in the low-pH set-
ting of the endosome, while the receptors return to
the cell surface.

Our Human LDLR ELISA Kit provides a simple, con-
venient method for the detection and quantitation of
LDL receptor in a variety of human sample types.
- Sensitive: Detect as little as 50 pg/mL of human
LDLR
- Versatile: Assay is compatible with plasma, serum,
cell lysates and tissue homogenates
- Quantitative: Compare results to a known human
LDLR standard
Standard Curve Generated with the Human LDLR ELISA Kit.
Standard Curve Generated with the Human LOX-1 ELISA Kit.
Monocytes and macrophages can form atheroscle-
rotic lesions when they take in oxidized LDL (OxLDL).
Uptake is done via the lectin-like oxidized LDL recep-
tor-1 (LOX-1), which is expressed in vascular endo-
thelium as well as in vascular smooth muscle cells,
differentiated macrophages and platelets. LOX-1 can
be cleaved and released as a soluble form (sLOX-1),
which can serve as a prognostic biomarker in serum
for early acute coronary syndromes, stroke and coro-
nary heart disease.

Our Human LOX-1 ELISA Kit provides a simple, con-
venient method for the detection and quantitation of
LOX-1 receptor in a variety of sample types.
LOX-1
cell lysates, tissue homogenates, or cell culture
supernatants
LOX-1 standard

CETP Promotes Bidirectional Transfer of Cholesteryl Esters
(CE) and Trigl ycerides (TG) Between Lipoproteins.
136
Human PCSK9 ELISA Kit
Human PCSK9 ELISA Kit Colorimetric 96 Assays STA-385
Standard Curve Generated with the Human PCSK9 ELISA Kit.
Proprotein convertase subtilisin kexin 9 (PCSK9) is a
member of the proteinase K subfamiliy of subtilisin-
related serine endoproteases. PCKS9 mediates LDL
receptor (LDLR) degradation by binding to the EGF
domain of the LDLR. This binding prevents LDLR
from being sorted to the endosomes for recycling
back to the cell surface. Instead, the PCSK9/LDLR
complex is distributed to the lysosomes for degrada-
tion.

Our Human PCKS9 ELISA Kit provides a simple,
convenient method for the detection and quantitation
of PCSK9 in a variety of human sample types.
PCSK9
and cell and tissue lysates
PCSK9 standard
Human Cholesteryl Ester Transfer Protein (CETP) ELISA Kit
Human Cholesteryl Ester Transfer Protein (CETP) ELISA Kit Colorimetric 96 Assays STA-614
Cholesterol exists within lipoproteins in two forms: a
free alcohol and a fatty cholesteryl ester. The choles-
teryl ester is the predominant form of cholesterol
transport and storage.

Cholesteryl ester transfer protein (CETP) promotes
the transfer of both cholesteryl esters and triglyc-
erides between various types of lipoprotein particles:
HDL, LDL, VLDL, and chylomicrons.

Our Human CETP ELISA Kit provides a simple, con-
venient method for the detection and quantitation in a
variety of human sample types.
- Sensitive: Detect as little as 60 ng/mL of human
CETP
and other biological fluids
CETP standard

137
Lecithin Cholesterol Acyltransferase (LCAT) Activity Assay Kit
Lecithin Cholesterol Acyltransferase (LCAT) ELISA Kit
Lecithin Cholesterol Acyltransferase (LCAT) Activity Assay Kit Fluorometric 100 Assays STA-615
Lecithin Cholesterol Acyltransferase (LCAT) ELISA Kit Colorimetric 96 Assays STA-616
Lecithin cholesterol acyltransferase (LCAT) is an en-
zyme that is associated with lipoproteins and plays a
key role in promoting the transfer of excess cell-
associated cholesterol from peripheral tissues to the
liver to be excreted.

LCAT catalyzes the transfer of an sn-2 acyl group
from phosphatidylcholine to cholesterol, forming a
cholesteryl ester. LCAT is bound to various lipopro-
teins in the blood, including HDL and LDL.

Our LCAT Activity Assay Kit provides a simple, con-
venient method for measuring the phospholipase ac-
tivity of LCAT in a variety of sample types including
plasma, serum, cell lysates and tissue homogenates.
Quantitation of LCAT activity is performed in a 96-
well fluorescence-based plate reader.

This assay may also be used to quantify other cal-
cium independent phospholipase activities such as
lipoprotein phospholipase A2 (LP-PLA2).
Assay Principle for the LCAT Acti vity Assay Kit. The close
proximity of fluorescence labels on a dual-labeled fluorogenic
probe keeps the fluorescence quenched. Upon cleavage of the
probe by LCAT, fluorescence of the monomers can be measured at
an excitation of 342 nm and emission of 400 nm.
Standard Curve Generated with the Lecithin Cholesterol Acyl-
transferase (LCAT) ELISA Kit.
Lecithin cholesterol acyltransferase (LCAT) is an en-
zyme that is associated with lipoproteins and plays a
key role in promoting the transfer of excess cell-
associated cholesterol from peripheral tissues to the
liver to be excreted.

LCAT catalyzes the transfer of an sn-2 acyl group
from phosphatidylcholine to cholesterol, forming a
cholesteryl ester. LCAT is bound to various lipopro-
teins in the blood, including HDL and LDL.

Our LCAT ELISA Assay Kit provides a simple, con-
venient method for quantifying LCAT levels in a vari-
ety of sample types including plasma, serum, and cell
and tissue lysates. Quantitation of LCAT activity is
performed in a standard 96-well plate reader.
- Sensitive: Detect as little as 30 ng/mL of LCAT
- Versatile: Suitable for human, mouse, rat or rabbit
samples

138
Lipoprotein Lipase (LPL) Activity Assay Kit
Our Lipoprotein Lipase (LPL) Activity Assay Kit pro-
vides a simple, convenient method to measure LPL
activity in a variety of sample types. This kit uses a
fluorogenic triglyceride analog as a lipase substrate.
The quenched substrate is cleaved at the sn-1 posi-
tion by LPL producing a fluorescent product that can
be detected in a 96-well fluorescence plate reader.

This assay will also measure the activity of endothe-
lial and hepatic lipases. It cannot distinguish between
these lipases and LPL.
Lipoprotein Lipase (LPL) ELISA Kit
1. Dib, L. et al. (2014). LXRalpha fuels fatty acid-stimulated oxygen
consumption in white adipocytes. J. Lipid Res. 55:247-257.
2. Navab, M. et al. (2013). Transgenic 6F tomatoes act on the
small intestine to prevent systemic inflammation and dyslipide-
mia caused by Western diet and intestinally derived lysophos-
phatidic acid. J. Lipid Res. 54:3403-3418.
Lipoprotein Lipase (LPL) Activity Assay Kit Fluorometric 100 Assays STA-610
Lipoprotein Lipase (LPL) ELISA Kit Colorimetric 96 Assays STA-611
Assay Principle for the LPL Activity Assay Kit. The fluorogenic
substrate is initially quenched and non-fluorescent. Upon cleavage
of the probe by incubation with lipoprotein lipase (LPL), fluores-
cence can be measured at an excitation of 342 nm and emission of
400 nm.
Lipoprotein lipase (LPL) is the key plasma lipase re-
sponsible for the hydrolysis of the triglyceride core
found in very low density lipoprotein (VLDL) particles
formed in the liver. A mutation in the gene coding for
LPL can lead to deficiencies in the enzyme, resulting
in a diminished ability to breakdown fatty acids. Such
LPL deficiency is known as chylomicronemia or Type
I hyperlipoproteinemia.

Our Lipoprotein Lipase (LPL) ELISA Kit provides a
simple, convenient method to measure LPL levels in
plasma, serum or other biological fluids from a variety
of species (see below). LPL amounts are quantified
against the provided LPL Standard in a colorimetric
96-well microplate reader.
Standard Curve Generated with the Lipoprotein Lipase (LPL)
ELISA Kit.
- Sensitive: Detect as little as 20 ng/mL of LPL
- Versatile: Suitable for human, rat, bovine, guinea
pig, or chicken samples (but not mouse)
Lipoprotein lipase (LPL) is the key plasma lipase responsible for the hydrolysis of the triglyceride core found in
very low density lipoprotein (VLDL) particles formed in the liver.

139
Serum Triglyceride Quantitation Kits
Triglycerides serve as an energy source and play a
key role in lipid metabolism. Lipases secreted into the
intestines hydrolyze the triglyceride ester bond, pro-
ducing glycerol and free fatty acids. Hepatic lipases
also break down triglycerides in the liver to assemble
very low density lipoprotein (VLDL) particles.

Our Serum Triglyceride Quantitation Kits use a cou-
pled enzymatic reaction system to measure triglyc-
eride concentrations. First, a lipase hydrolyzes the
ester bond, yielding free glycerol. The glycerol is then
phosphorylated and oxidized, producing hydrogen
peroxide, which reacts with the probe provided with
each kit. Kits are available with either colorimetric or
fluorescence-based detection, both of which are per-
formed in a 96-well microtiter plate.
Standard Curve Generated with the Serum Triglyceride
Quantitation Kit (Colorimetric).
Serum Triglyceride Quantification Kit
- Sensitive: Detect as little as 10 M (1 mg/dL) with
the colorimetric format and 2 M (0.2 mg/dL) with
the fluorometric format
- Versatile: Suitable for serum, plasma, and cell and
tissue lysates
Free Fatty Acid (FFA) Assay Kits
Free fatty acids (FFA) are released upon hydrolysis
of triglycerides. FFAs then bind plasma albumin for
circulation in the body, serving as a readily absorbed
energy source for muscle, brain, and other organ tis-
sues.

Our Free Fatty Acid Assay Kits use a coupled enzy-
matic reaction system to measure free fatty acid con-
centrations in serum or plasma. Acyl CoA Synthetase
catalyzes FFA acylation of CoA. The Acyl-CoA is
then oxidized by Acyl CoA Oxidase, producing hydro-
gen peroxide, which reacts with the kits probe. Kits
are available with either colorimetric or fluorescence-
based detection, both of which are performed in a 96-
well microtiter plate.
Free Fatty Acid Assay Kit
Standard Curve Generated with the Free Fatty Acid Assay
Kit (Fluorometric).
Want to measure free glycerol content? See our Free Glycerol Assay Kits on page 146.
1. Chellan, B. et al. (2014). IL-22 is induced by S100/calgranulin
and impairs cholesterol efflux in macrophages by downregulat-
ing ABCG1. J. Lipid Res. 55:443-454. (STA-396)
2. Marino, A. et al. (2014). ITCH deficiency protects from diet-
induced obesity. Diabetes 63:550-561. (STA-396)

140
Acetylcholine Assay Kits
Phosphatidylcholine Assay Kit
Sphingomyelin Assay Kit
Acetylcholine Assay Kit
Our Acetylcholine Assay Kits provide a simple, convenient method to quantify acetylcholine in plasma, serum,
cell suspensions, or tissue homogenates. Kits are available with either colorimetric or fluorometric detection,
both of which are performed in a 96-well microplate reader.
Phosphatidylcholine Assay Kit Fluorometric 96 Assays STA-600
Phosphatidylcholine is the foremost phospholipid in
eukaryotic cell membranes and comprises about 70%
of the total phospholipids in plasma lipoproteins.

Our Phosphatidylcholine Assay Kit is a simple fluoro-
metric assay that measures phosphatidylcholine in
plasma, serum, cell suspensions or tissue homoge-
nates. Phospholipase D enzyme hydrolyzes phos-
phatidylcholine into phosphatidic acid and choline.
The choline is then oxidized by choline oxidase to
produce hydrogen peroxide, which is detected by a
fluorogenic probe in the presence of horseradish per-
oxidase (HRP).
Sphingomyelin Assay Kit Fluorometric 96 Assays STA-601
0
500
1000
1500
2000
2500
3000
3500
0 5 10 15 20 25
R
F
U
s
Sphingomyelin(mg/dL)
Our Sphingomyelin Assay Kit is a simple fluorometric
assay that measures sphingomyelin levels in plasma,
serum, cell suspensions or tissue homogenates.
Sphingomyelinase hydrolyzes sphingomyelin into
ceramide and phosphocholine, which in turn is bro-
ken down into choline. Choline is enzymatically oxi-
dized to produce hydrogen peroxide, which is de-
tected with a fluorogenic probe in the presence of
horseradish peroxidase (HRP).
Standard Curve Generated with the Sphingomyelin Assay Kit.
Winklger, E.A. et al. (2014). Blood-spinal cord barrier disruption
contributes to early motor-neuron degeneration in ALS-model
mice. PNAS 111:E1035-E1042.

141
Human C-Reactive Protein ELISA Kit
Human Plasminogen ELISA Kit
Human C-Reactive Protein (CRP) ELISA Kit Colorimetric 96 Assays STA-392
Human Plasminogen ELISA Kit Colorimetric 96 Assays STA-393
Standard Curve Generated with the Human Plasminogen
ELISA Kit.
Standard Curve Generated with the Human C-Reacti ve Protein
(CRP) ELISA Kit.
C-Reactive Protein (CRP) is a serum protein that
binds with high affinity to phosphocholine residues as
well as other autologous and extrinsic ligands. CRP is
a well-established marker of inflammation and tissue
damage, and it has been associated with cardiovas-
cular disease, atherosclerosis, and other diseases.

Our Human C-Reactive Protein (CRP) ELISA Kit pro-
vides a simple, convenient method to measure CRP
levels in human plasma, serum, or other biological
fluids. CRP amounts are quantified against the pro-
vided CRP Standard in a colorimetric 96-well mi-
croplate reader.
- Sensitive: Detect as little as 1 ng/mL of CRP
- Versatile: Suitable for plasma, serum, or other
biological fluids
Plasminogen is a plasma glycoprotein that plays a
role in macrophage recruitment, arterial stenosis,
atherosclerosis, aneurysm formation, wound healing,
and neovascularization. Plasminogen exists as an
inactive proenzyme, but when converted to the active
enzyme plasmin it serves to digest fibrin. This activa-
tion is catalyzed by tissue-type plasminogen activator
(tPA) or urokinase-type plasminogen activator (uPA).

Our Human Plasminogen ELISA Kit provides a sim-
ple, convenient method to measure plasminogen lev-
els in human plasma, serum, or other biological flu-
ids. Plasminogen amounts are quantified against the
provided Plasminogen Standard in a colorimetric 96-
well microplate reader.
- Sensitive: Detect as little as 150 pg/mL of plas-
minogen
biological fluids

142
Human Albumin 100 g STA-230
Human Albumin, Malondialdehyde Modified 100 g STA-210
Human C-Reactive Protein 100 g STA-240
Human Plasminogen 100 g STA-239
Goat Anti-Human Albumin Polyclonal Antibody Immunoblot/ELISA 100 g STA-130
Rabbit Anti-Human C-Reactive Protein Polyclonal Antibody Immunoblot/ELISA 100 g STA-140
Goat Anti-Human Plasminogen Polyclonal Antibody Immunoblot/ELISA 100 g STA-139
Human Serum Proteins
Antibodies to Human Serum Proteins
Antibodies are affinity purified.
Human Albumin ELISA Kit
Human Albumin ELISA Kit Colorimetric 96 Assays STA-383
Standard Curve Generated with the Human Albumin ELISA Kit.
Our human albumin and oxidized albumin were isolated and purified by HPLC. C-reactive protein was isolated
from human pleural fluid. Plasminogen was isolated and purified from human plasma following an ultracentrifu-
gation procedure.
Human serum albumin (HSA) is the most abundant
protein in human plasma, constituting about half the
protein in blood serum. It is typically found in concen-
trations around 50 mg/mL. Produced in the liver in a
preproalbumin state, albumin transports hormones,
fatty acids, and other compounds through the circula-
tion. It also maintains pH and osmotic pressure.

Our Human Albumin ELISA Kit provides a simple,
convenient method to measure HSA levels in human
plasma, serum, urine, or other biological fluids. Hu-
man albumin amounts are quantified against the pro-
vided HSA Standard in a colorimetric 96-well mi-
croplate reader.
serum albumin
biological fluids

143
Lipid Extraction Kit, Chloroform Free
Lipid Quantification Kit
50 Preps STA-612 Lipid Extraction Kit (Chloroform Free)
Lipid Quantification Kit Colorimetric 100 Assays STA-613
Traditional methods of extracting lipids from tissues
or cells, such as the well-published Folch method,
have used chloroform as the extraction solvent. This
method has a couple of disadvantages. First, the or-
ganic phase ends up below the aqueous phase, cre-
ating problematic removal through the upper phase
that risks contamination. Second, chloroform has
been classified in many places are a probable human
carcinogen.

Our Lipid Extraction Kit overcomes both disadvan-
tages of the Folch method. The kit provides a chloro-
form-free extraction method, and the use of proprie-
tary organic solvents places the organic phase above
the aqueous phase, allowing easy removal without
disturbing the aqueous layer. Each kit provides suffi-
cient reagents for 50 extractions from 100 L sample
sizes, but reagents may be scaled up for larger sam-
ples.
Total Cholesterol Assay Performed on Extracted Lipids. Lipids
extracted from fetal bovine serum (FBS) and HEK293 cells were
prepared using the traditional Folch method (blue) and the Lipid
Extraction Kit (red). Samples were tested for the presence of cho-
lesterol in the Total Cholesterol Assay Kit (Cat. #STA-390).
Standard Curve Generated with the Total Lipid Quantification
Kit.
Our Lipid Quantification Kit provides a convenient
plate-based method to measure the total unsaturated
lipid content found in various samples.* The assay
uses a sulfo-phospho-vanillin method in which sam-
ples are acidified and heated to solubilize and prime
the lipids. The lipids then react with vanillin in acidic
conditions to form a colorimetric product detectable in
a standard 96-well microplate reader.

This kit is compatible with plasma and serum sam-
ples, or with crude or purified lipids extracted from
cells. Each kit provides sufficient reagents for 100
assays including standards and unknown samples.
*Saturated lipids are not detected with this assay.

144
METABOLISM RESEARCH Renal Function Assays
Renal Function Assays
Our Renal Function Assays provide a simple, sensitive method to test for various markers
related to kidney function:
- Uric Acid / Uricase
- Urea
- Creatinine
- Protein Carbamylation
Uric Acid/Uricase Assay Kit
Uric acid is the final oxidation end product of purine
nucleotide metabolism. Uric acid is a potent antioxi-
dant that is released during hypoxic conditions and
is usually excreted in the urine via glomerular filtra-
tion. In the urine, the enzyme uricase metabolizes
uric acid to allantoin which is excreted from the
body.

Our Uric Acid / Uricase Assay Kit is a simple 96-well
microplate-based assay for measuring concentra-
tions of either uric acid or uricase in serum, plasma
or urine samples. Detection is performed in a fluo-
rescence-based plate reader.
Uric Acid/Uricase Assay Kit Fluorometric 400 Assays STA-375
Assay Principle for the Uric Acid / Uricase Assay Kit.
Urea Assay Kit Fluorometric 192 Assays STA-382
- Sensitive: Detect as little as 0.5 M of uric acid or
1 mU/mL of uricase
- Quantitative: Kit includes both uric acid and
uricase standards
Urea is the end product of protein nitrogen metabo-
lism and is the primary vehicle for removing toxic
ammonia from the body. Urea quantitation is one of
the most widely applied tests for kidney function
evaluation.

Our Urea Assay Kit is a simple 96-well microplate-
based assay for measuring urea concentrations in
serum, plasma, lysates, or urine samples. Detection
is performed in standard colorimetric plate reader.
Urea Assay Kit
0
0.1
0.2
0.3
0.4
0.5
0.6
0.7
0.8
0.9
1 to 2 1 to 4 1 to 8
O
D

6
3
0

n
m
Plasma and Serum Dilutions
Plasma
Serum
Human Plasma and Serum Samples Tested with the Urea
Assay Kit.
- Sensitive: Detect as little as 1 mg/dL of urea
- Quantitative: Measure unknown samples
against a known urea standard curve

145
Renal Function Assays METABOLISM RESEARCH
Urinary Creatinine Assay Kit
Urinary Creatinine Assay Kit Colorimetric 192 Assays STA-378
Creatinine is a metabolite formed from creatine and
phosphocreatine (p-creatine). Subsequently
creatinine enters the blood and is then excreted by
the kidneys via glomerular filtration. Intra-individual
variation of creatinine levels is <15% daily, making it
a useful marker for normalizing levels of other mole-
cules found in the urine.

Our Urinary Creatinine Assay Kit is based on the
Jaffe reaction between creatinine and alkaline
picrate, which produces an orange-red color com-
plex that can be easily read by a standard mi-
croplate reader. A creatinine standard is provided to
allow quantitative measurements of creatinine levels
in urine samples. The assay is simple and takes less
than one hour to perform.
Creatinine Levels in Urine Samples in the Presence and
Absence of Glucose.
Protein Carbamylation ELISA Kit and Antibodies
OxiSelect Protein Carbamylation Sandwich ELISA Colorimetric 96 Assays STA-877
Goat Anti-Carbamyl-Lysine (CBL) Polyclonal Antibody Immunoblot/ELISA 50 g STA-077
Rabbit Anti-Carbamyl-Lysine (CBL) Polyclonal Antibody Immunoblot/ELISA 50 g STA-078
Carbamyl Lysine-BSA N/A 10 g STA-379
Carbamylation is a post-translational modification
which occurs throughout the lifespan of proteins in
vivo. Carbamylation results from the binding of iso-
cyanic acid, which spontaneously arises from high
concentrations of urea, to lysine residues of proteins
as carbamyl-lysine (CBL).

Our Protein Carbamylation Sandwich ELISA Kit is a
convenient microplate-based method for the evalua-
tion of protein carbamylation in a variety of sample
types. In addition, polyclonal antibodies are available
for use in Western blot and ELISA applications.
Standard Curve Generated with the OxiSelect Protein
Carbamylation Sandwich ELISA Kit.
Formation of Carbamyl-Lysine (CBL) During Carbamylation of
Proteins.

METABOLISM RESEARCH Alcohol Assays
146
Alcohol Assay Kits
Our Alcohol Assay Kits provide a convenient plate-
based method to measure primary alcohols, including
ethanol, in plasma, serum or saliva samples.* The kit
uses an enzymatic oxidation reaction that produces
hydrogen peroxide, which reacts with the provided
probe.

Kits are available with either colorimetric or fluores-
cence-based detection, both of which are performed
in a 96-well microtiter plate. The colorimetric assay
can detect alcohol levels as low as 30 M, while the
fluorometric assay detects as low as 15 M.
Alcohol Assay Kit
Free Glycerol Assay Kits
Free Glycerol Assay Kit
Standard Curve Generated with the Free Gl ycerol Assay Kit.
Glycerol is the backbone of triglycerides. Lipases se-
creted in the intestines hydrolyze the triglyceride ester
bond, producing glycerol and free fatty acids.

Our Free Glycerol Assay Kits use a coupled enzy-
matic reaction system to measure free, endogenous
glycerol concentrations. The glycerol is phosphory-
lated and oxidized, producing hydrogen peroxide,
which reacts with the probe provided with each kit.

Kits are available with either colorimetric or fluores-
cence-based detection, both of which are performed
in a 96-well microtiter plate.
Standard Curve Generated with the Alcohol Assay Kit.
*These assays are not suitable for urine samples.

148
PATHOGEN AND TOXIN ASSAYS Viral Core Antigens
Core antigens provide a convenient way to detect and quantify certain infectious viruses.
We offer a variety of ELISA kits to measure the core antigen levels in plasma, serum, or
purified virus preps.

Note: Assays are for research use only, not for clinical diagnostic use.
Virus Core Antigen Detection
QuickTiter HIV-1 p24 ELISA Kit
A popular method of quantifying HIV-1 is the p24 ELISA. Our p24 ELISA kits provide a quick, convenient way to
quantify the concentration of your lentivirus.
QuickTiter HIV Lentivirus Quantitation Kit (HIV-1 p24 ELISA) Colorimetric
96 Assays VPK-108-H
5 x 96 Assays VPK-108-H-5
QuickTiter MuLV Core Antigen ELISA Kit
QuickTiter MuLV Core Antigen ELISA Kit (MuLV p30) Colorimetric 96 Assays VPK-156
- Sensitive: Detect as little as 300 pg/mL
- Fully quantitative: Recombinant core antigen in-
cluded as positive control
Murine leukemia virus (MuLV) is a retrovirus capable
of causing cancer in mice and related vertebrates.
Recently discovered in humans, xenotropic murine
leukemia virus-related virus (XMRV) is closely related
to MuLV; the p30 core antigens share 96% identity.

Our QuickTiter MuLV Core Antigen ELISA Kit spe-
cifically measures the level of the p30 core antigen in
blood or other samples.
- MuLV Core Antigen
- HIV-1 p24 Core Protein
- Hepatitis B Core Antigen
- Hepatitis C Core Antigen
Standard Curve Generated with the QuickTiter HBV Core
Antigen ELISA Kit.
0
0.5
1
1.5
2
2.5
3
0 5 10 15 20
MuL Vp30(ng /mL )
O
D
4
5
0
n
m

149
QuickTiter HBV Core Antigen ELISA Kit
The QuickTiter HBV Core Antigen ELISA Kit spe-
cifically quantifies the core protein of Hepatitis B vi-
rus. A mouse monoclonal antibody is coated onto an
8 x 12 strip-well plate which allows the flexibility to
save some of the wells for later use.

The quantity of HBV is compared to the provided
HBV Core Antigen Standard.
- Sensitive: Detect as little as 1 ng/mL
- Fast: Results in about 5-6 hours
- Fully Quantitative: Recombinant core antigen
included as positive control
QuickTiter HBV Core Antigen ELISA Kit
96 Assays VPK-150
Colorimetric
QuickTiter HBV Core Antigen ELISA Kit Standard Curve.
Viral Core Antigens PATHOGEN AND TOXIN ASSAYS
QuickTiter HCV Core Antigen ELISA Kit Standard Curve.
QuickTiter HCV Core Antigen ELISA Kit Colorimetric 96 Assays VPK-151
QuickTiter HCV Core Antigen ELISA Kit
- Sensitive: Detect as little as 1 ng/mL
- Fast: Results in about 5-6 hours
- Fully Quantitative: Recombinant core antigen
included as positive control
The QuickTiter HBV Core Antigen ELISA Kit spe-
cifically quantifies the core protein of Hepatitis B virus.
A mouse monoclonal antibody is coated onto an 8 x
12 strip-well plate which allows the flexibility to save
some of the wells for later use.

The quantity of HBV is compared to the provided HBV
Core Antigen Standard.

Chiu, C.Y. et al. (2014). Low-dose benzo(a)pyrene and its epox-
ide metabolite inhibit myogenic differentiation in human skeletal
muscle-derived progenitor cells. Toxicol. Sci. 10.1093/toxsci/
kfu003. (STA-357)
Standard Curve Generated with the Aflatoxin Competiti ve
ELISA Kit.
150
PATHOGEN AND TOXIN ASSAYS Toxin Assays
OxiSelect BPDE Adduct ELISA Kits
Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH) are potent carcinogenic pollutants commonly associated with oil, ciga-
rette smoke, and automotive exhaust. Benzo(a)pyrene, the first chemical carcinogen discovered, is converted
to benzo(a)pyrene 7,8 diol-9,10 epoxide (BPDE) through a series of enzymatic reactions. BPDE can attack both
proteins and DNA, forming adducts that can potentially result in tumor formation.
OxiSelect BPDE Protein Adduct ELISA Kit Colorimetric 96 Assays STA-301
OxiSelect BPDE DNA Adduct ELISA Kit Colorimetric 96 Assays STA-357
Standard Curve Generated Using the OxiSelect BPDE DNA
Adduct ELISA Kit.
Our OxiSelect BPDE Adduct ELISA Kits provide
a convenient method to measure BPDE adducts
with either DNA or proteins from cells or tissues.
Quantitation is performed by comparing unknown
values against a standard curve generated with the
standard provided in each kit.

- Our BPDE DNA Adduct ELISA can detect
adducts as low as 30 ng/mL.
- Our BPDE Protein Adduct ELISA can detect
adducts as low as 60 ng/mL.
Aflatoxin ELISA Kits
Aflatoxins are among the most potent genotoxic
agents known. They can induce chromosomal ab-
berations, micronuclei, sister chromatid exchange,
unscheduled DNA synthesis, and chromosomal
strand breaks. Aflatoxins can form adducts with both
DNA and proteins.

Our Aflatoxin Competitive ELISA Kits provide a con-
venient method for detection of aflatoxin adducts.

- Our Aflatoxin Competitive ELISA Kit measures
the total of Aflatoxin B1 and Aflatoxin B2 adducts
in protein samples.
- Our Aflatoxin DNA Adduct Competitive ELISA
Kit detects total Aflatoxin B1-DNA adducts, both
ring-opened and ring-closed forms.
Aflatoxin DNA Adduct Competitive ELISA Kit Colorimetric 96 Assays AKR-351
Aflatoxin Competitive ELISA Kit Colorimetric 96 Assays AKR-350

151
Product Page
293 Cell Lines
AAV 47
Adenovirus 50
GFP Stable Expression 123
Lentivirus 59
Retrovirus 67
3-Nitrotyrosine
Antibodies 85
ELISA Kit 85
4-HNE
Antibodies 92
ELISA Kit 92
6-4PP Quantitation Kits 98
8-Iso-Prostaglandin F2o
ELISA
92
8-Isoprostane ELISA Kit 92
8-Nitroguanine ELISA Kit 95
8-OHdG ELISA Kit 94
8-OHG ELISA Kit 95
A549/GFP Cell Line 123
AAV (Adeno-Assoc. Virus)
Cell Line 47
Expression Systems 41-45
Expression Vectors 46
Helper Free Systems 41-45
Packaging Systems 45
Premade Control Viruses 46
Purification Kits 47
Quantitation Kit 48
shRNA Expression 41-45
Titer Kit 48
Transduction Reagent 48
Acetylcholine Assays 140
Acti ve Rac-GEF Assay 114
Adenovirus
Cell Line 50
Expression Systems 49, 81
microRNA Expression 81
Premade Recombinant 50-53
Quantitation Kits 55
RCA Assay 56
shRNA Expression 49
Titer Kits 55
Transduction Reagent 56
Adhesion Assays 10-11
Adipogenesis Assay 27
Advanced Glycation End
Products Assay 88-89
Advanced Oxidation Protein
Products Assay 87
Aflatoxin Assays 150
AGE Assays 88-89
Albumin
Antibody 142
ELISA Kit 142
Protein 142
Product Page
Apolipoproteins
Antibodies 133
ELISA Kits 132
Proteins 132
Arf1 Acti vation Assay
112-
113
Arf6 Acti vation Assay
112-
113
AUF1 Retroviral Vector 68
Autophagy Expression
Vectors
30
|-Actin Antibody 125
|-Galactosidase
Recombinant Adenovirus 50
Reporter Assays 123
-Tubulin Antibody 125
Bacterial Protein Extraction
Reagents
127
Biochips for Cell Adhesion 10
Blocking Reagent 126
BPDE
DNA Adduct ELISA 150
Protein Adduct ELISA 150
BrdU ELISA Kit 25
BT-549/GFP Cell Line 123
C3 Expression Vector 116
CA9 Recombinant
Adenovirus
50
c-Abl Retroviral Vector 67
cAMP ELISA Kits 119
Cancer Cell Assays
Angiogenesis 29
Anoikis 23
Cell Adhesion 10-11
Cell Invasion 18-19
Cell Migration 12-19
Cell Transformation 6-7
Colony Formation 6-9
Soft Agar 6-9
Tumor Cell Isolation Kit 9
Tumor Sensitivity 8
Carbamyl Lysine
Antibodies 145
ELISA Kits 145
Carbonyl Assays 86
Carboxyethyl Lysine ELISA 88
Carboxymethyl Lysine
Assays
89
Catalase Activity Assays 106
Cdc42
Activation Assay 112-
Agarose Beads 115
Recombinant Protein 118
Retroviral Vector 69
Product Page
Alcohol Assays 146
Aldehyde-Induced DNA
Damage Assays
99
Alkaline Phosphatase Assays 38
Angiogenesis
Tube Formation Assay 29
Anoikis Assays 23
Antibodies
Albumin 142
Apolipoproteins 133
Beta-Actin 125
Beta-Tubulin 125
Carboxymethyl Lysine (CML) 89
C-Reactive Protein 142
Flag Tag 125
Fluorescent Proteins 124
GAPDH 125
GFP 124
GST Tag 125
HA Tag 125
His Tag 125
HNE (4-Hydroxynonenal) 92
MDA (Malondialdehyde) 91
Methylglyoxal (MG) 89
Myc Tag 125
Nitrotyrosine 85
Plasminogen 142
RFP 124
Antibody Tools
Purification Kit 125
Western Stripping Solution 126
Antioxidant Assays
Catalase Activity Assay 106
Cellular Antioxidant Asssay 109
Glutathione Assay 108
Glutathione Reductase Assay 108
HORAC Assay 110
ORAC Assay 110
Superoxide Dismutase
Activity Assay 107
Total Antioxidant Capacity
Assay 110
AOPP Assay 87
AP Sites Quantitation Kit 96
Apo(a) ELISA 132
ApoAI ELISA 132
ApoAI/ApoB Duplex ELISA 133
ApoAII ELISA 132
ApoB ELISA 132
ApoCI ELISA 132
ApoCII ELISA 132
ApoCIII ELISA 132
ApoE ELISA 132
PRODUCT INDEX

152
Product Page
Cell Lines (contd)
MEF Feeder Cells 35
NIH3T3/GFP 123
OVCA429/GFP 123
OVCAR-5/RFP 123
Plat-A Retroviral Packaging
Cells
64
Plat-E Retroviral Packaging
Cells
64
Plat-GP Retroviral Packaging
Cells
64
SKOV-3/GFP-Luc 123
SKOV-3/Luc 123
SKOV-3/RFP 123
SNL Feeder Cells 35
T47D/GFP 123
Cell Migration Assays 12-19
Cell Proliferation Assays 24-25
Cell Transformation Assays 6-7
Cell Viability Assay 22
Cellular Antioxidant Assay 109
Cellular Senescence Assays 23
CETP ELISA Kit 136
cGMP ELISA Kits 119
Checkpoint Kinase Assays 121
Chemotaxis Assays 15, 19
Cholesterol Assays
130-
131
Cholesteryl Ester Transfer
Protein Assay
136
Clonogenic Tumor Cell
Isolation Kit
9
CML (Carboxymethyl Lysine)
Antibodies 89
Assays 89
CML-LDL ELISA Kit
93,
134
c-Myc Retroviral Vectors 69
Colony Formation Assays
Hematopoietic Colony
Forming Cell Assay
36
Stem Cell Colony Assay 37
Tumor Sensitivity Assay 8
Comet Assay Kits & Slides 97
Core Antigen Assays 148-
CPD Quantitation Kits 98
C-Reacti ve Protein
Antibody 142
ELISA 141
Protein 142
Cre Recombinant Adenovirus 50
Creatinine Assay 145
CSK Recombinant
Adenovirus
53
Product Page
Cyclic AMP ELISA Kits 119
Cyclic GMP ELISA Kits 119
CytoSelect Cell-Based
Assays

Anoikis 23
Cell Adhesion 10-11
Cell Invasion 18-19
Cell Viability 22
Chemotaxis 15, 19
Cytotoxicity 22
Haptotaxis 16
Phagocytosis 28
Soft Agar 6-9
Transmigration 17
Tumor Sensitivity 8
Wound Healing 20
Cytoskeleton Regulation
Activation Assays
112-
114
Adenoviruses 51
Retroviral Vectors 69
Cytotoxicity Assay 22
DCC Recombinant
Adenovirus
51
DNA Damage Assays
6-4PP Quantitation 98
8-Nitroguanine ELISA Kit 95
8-OHdG ELISA Kit 94
Aldehyde-Induced Damage 99
AP Sites Quantitation Kit 96
BPDE Adduct ELISA 99
Comet Assays 97
CPD Quantitation 98
Double-Strand Break Assay 96
UV Damage 98
DNA Methylation Assays 100
ECM (Extracellular Matrix)
Assays

Cell Adhesion Assays 10
Cell Invasion Assays 18-19
Endothelial Tube Assay 29
Epitope Tag Antibodies 125
ERK2
ERK5 Recombinant
Adenovirus
52
ES/EC Cells
Alkaline Phosphatase Assays 38
Colony Formation Assays 37
Retroviral Expression
Systems
34
Product Page
CEA Recombinant
Adenovirus
50
CEL ELISA Kit 88
Cell-Based Assays
Adhesion 10-11
Angiogenesis 29
Anoikis 23
Cell Contraction 29
Cell Viability 22
Chemotaxis 15, 19
Cytotoxicity 22
Haptotaxis 16
Invasion 18-19
Migration 12-19
Phagocytosis 28
Proliferation 24-25
Senescence 23
Soft Agar 6-9
Transformation 6-7
Transmigration 17
Tumor Sensitivity 8
Wound Healing 20
Cell Cycle
Adenoviruses 51
Anoikis Assay 23
Cell Viability Assay 22
Cytotoxicity Assay 22
Senescence Assays 23
Cell Fractionation Kits 127
Cell Lines
293AAV 47
293AD 50
293LTV 59
293RTV 67
293/CFP 123
293/GFP 123
293/Luc 123
293/YFP 123
293T/GFP-Puro 123
A549/GFP 123
BT-549/GFP 123
ES-2/GFP 123
HeLa/GFP 123
JK1 Feeder Cells 35
MCF-7/GFP 123
MCF-7/Luc 123
MDA-MB-231/GFP 123
MDA-MB-231/GFP-RFP 123
MDA-MB-231/Luc 123
MDA-MB-231/RFP 123
MDA-MB-436/GFP 123
MDA-MB-436/RFP 123
MDA-MB-468/GFP 123
PRODUCT INDEX

153
Product Page
ES-2/GFP Cell Line 123
Ethanol Assays 146
Exoenzyme C3 Expression
Vector 116
Extracellular Matrix Kits
Cell Adhesion Assays 10
Feeder Cells 35
FFA Assay Kits 139
Firefly Luciferase Recom-
binant Adenovirus 50
Flag Tag Antibody 125
Free Fatty Acid Assays 139
Free Glycerol Assays 146
Fyn Recombinant Adenovirus 53
Gap Closure Migration
Assays 13
GAPDH Antibody 125
GEF (Guanine Exchange
Factors)
Activation Assays 114
Agarose Beads 115
GFP
Antibody 124
ELISA Kit 122
Lentiviral Vectors 59
Recombinant Lentivirus 59
Stable Cell Lines 123
GGA3 Agarose Beads 115
Global DNA Methylation
Assays 100
Glutathione Assay 108
Glutathione Reductase Assay 108
Glycerol Assays 146
Glycoaldehyde-BSA 88
GPCR Signaling Products 119
GST
Antibody 125
Inclusion Body Solubilization
and Renaturation Kit 127
GTPase Assay Kits
112-
113
HA Tag Antibody 125
Haptotaxis Assays 16
HBV Core Antigen ELISA 149
HCV Core Antigen ELISA 149
HDL
Assay 131
Lipoprotein, Human 131
HEK 293 Cell Lines
AAV 47
Adenovirus 50
Product Page
HEK 293 Cell Lines (contd)
GFP Stable Expression 123
Lentivirus 59
Retrovirus 67
HeLa/GFP Cell Line 123
Hematopoietic Colony
Forming Cell Assay
36
Hepatitis B Core Antigen
ELISA
149
Hepatitis C Core Antigen
ELISA
149
HIF-1o
Assays
26,
101
High Density Lipoprotein
Assay 131
Protein 131
His Tag
Antibody 125
Protein ELISA 125
HIV-1 p24 ELISA Kits
60-61,
148
HNE
Antibodies 92
Assays 92
HNE-LDL Assay
93,
134
hnRNPA0 Retroviral Vector 68
HORAC Assay Kit 110
H-Ras
Activation Assay
112-
113
HuB Retroviral Vector 68
HuC Retroviral Vector 68
HuD Retroviral Vector 68
HuR Retroviral Vector 68
Hydrogen Peroxide Assays 104
Hydroxyl Radical Antioxi-
dant Capacity Assay
110
Hypoxia Assays 26,
IFN Recombinant Adenovirus 52
IkB Recombinant Adenovirus 53
IKK Recombinant Adenovirus 53
IL-2 Recombinant Adenovirus 52
Immunoblot Blocking
Reagent
126
In Vitro Angiogenesis Assay 29
In Vitro Tumor Sensitivity
Assay
8
Inclusion Body Solubilization 127
Induced Pluripotent Stem
Cells

Retroviral Packaging Cells 32
Retroviral Vectors 32-33
Product Page
Invasion Assays 18-19
iPS Cell Reprogramming
Retroviral Packaging Cells 32
Retroviral Vectors 32-33
JK1 Feeder Cells 35
JNK1
Klf4 Retroviral Vectors 69
KOSM Viral Vectors 33
K-Ras
Activation Assay
112-
113
LC3 Expression Vectors 30
LCAT Assays 137
LDH Cytotoxicity Assay 22
LDL
Assays 131
Oxidized 134
LDL Receptor Assay 135
Lecithin Cholesterol Acyl-
transferase Assays
137
Lentivirus
Cell Line 59
Concentration & Purification
Kits
62
Control Plasmids 59
Packaging Systems 58
Premade Control Viruses 59
Quantitation Kits 60-61
shRNA Expression 57-58
Titer Kits 60-61
Transduction Kits 63
Leukocyte Assays
Adhesion 11
Transmigration 17
Lin-28 Retroviral Vectors 69
Lipid Extraction Kit 143
Lipid Peroxidation Assays
8-Isoprostane ELISA 92
HNE Adduct ELISA 92
Malondialdehyde (MDA)
Assays
90-91
TBARS Assay 90
Lipid Quantification Assay 143
Lipoprotein Lipase Assays 138
Lipoproteins
Assays
130-
133
Human
131-
132
Oxidized 134
PRODUCT INDEX

154
Product Page
ORAC Assay Kit 110
OVCA429/GFP Cell Line 123
OVCAR-5/RFP Cell Line 123
Oxidized LDL
Assay Kits
93,
134
Oxidized Proteins 89
OxiSelect Oxidative
Stress / Damage Assays

Antioxidant Assays
106-
110
DNA / RNA Damage Kits
94-
100
Lipid Peroxidation Assays 90-93
Protein Oxidation Assays 85-89
ROS Assays 102-
OxLDL Assay 93,
OxPL Assay 134
Oxygen Radical Antioxidant
Capacity (ORAC) Assay
110
p24 ELISA Kits
60-61,
148
p38
p53
p68 RNA Helicase Adenovirus 51
PABP Retroviral Vector 68
PAK1
PBD Agarose Beads 115
PCNA ELISA Kit 25
PCSK9 ELISA Kit 136
Peroxide Detection Assays 104
Phagocytosis Assays 28
Phosphatidylcholine Assay 140
Phospho Antibody Stripping
Solution
126
PhosphoBLOCKER
Western Blot Blocking
Reagent
126
Phosphoproteins
Antibody Stripping Solution 126
PI3K Retroviral Vector 68
PKC Recombinant
Adenovirus
53
Plasminogen
Antibody 142
ELISA Kit 141
Protein, Human 142
Product Page
LOX-1 Assay 135
LPL Assays 138
Luciferase
Reporter Cell Lines 123
Malondialdehyde
Antibodies 91
Assays 90-91
MAPKAPK2
MCF-7/GFP Cell Line 123
MCF-7/Luc Cell Line 123
MDA (Malondialdehyde)
Antibodies 91
Assays 90-91
MDA-LDL Assay
93,
134
MDA-MB-231/GFP Cell Line 123
MDA-MB-231/Luc Cell Line 123
MDA-MB-231/RFP Cell Line 123
MDA-MB-436/RFP Cell Line 123
MEF Feeder Cells 35
MEK1
MEK5 Recombinant 52
MEKK1 Recombinant
Adenovirus
52
MEKK3 Recombinant
Adenovirus
52
Methylglyoxal (MG)
Antibody 89
ELISA Kits 89
Microfluidic Biochips 10
microRNA Analysis
Adenoviral Expression
System
81
Clone Collection 74-80
Control Vectors 80
Expression Vectors 74-80
Functional Reporter System 82
Precursor Clone Collection 74-80
Retroviral Expression Vector 81
Transduction Enhancer 82
Migration Assays 12-19
miRNA Analysis
Adenoviral Expression
System
81
Clone Collection 74-80
Control Vectors 80
Product Page
miRNA Analysis (contd)
Expression Vectors 74-80
Functional Reporter System 82
Precursor Clone Collection 74-80
Retroviral Expression Vector 81
Transduction Enhancer 82
MKK3
MKK4 Recombinant
Adenovirus
52
MKK6
MKK7 Recombinant
Adenovirus
52
MTT Cell Proliferation Assay 24
MuLV p30 Core Antigen
ELISA
148
Myc Tag Antibody 125
MyoD Recombinant
Adenovirus
51
Myogenin Recombinant
Adenovirus
51
myr-Akt Retroviral Vectors 68
myr-Rac1
NANOG Retroviral Vectors 69
N
c
-Carboxyethyl Lysine
ELISA
88
N
c
-Carboxymethyl Lysine
Antibody 89
Assay Kits 89
NFkB Recombinant
Adenoviruses
53
NIH3T3/GFP Cell Line 123
Nitrated LDL 131
Nitric Oxide Assays 105
Nitroguanine ELISA Kit 95
Nitrotyrosine
Antibodies 85
Assay Kits 85
NOD2 Recombinant
Adenovirus
53
N-Ras
Activation Assay
112-
113
Nuclear / Cytosolic Cell
Fractionation Kits
127
NY-ESO-1 Recombinant
Adenovirus
50
Oct-3/4 Retroviral Vectors 69
OHdG ELISA Kit 94
OHG ELISA Kit 95
PRODUCT INDEX

Product Page
Plat-A Retroviral Packaging
Cells 64
Plat-E Retroviral Packaging
Cells 64
Plat-GP Retroviral Packaging
Cells 64
Platinum Retroviral
Expression
Expression Systems 65
Packaging Cell Lines 64
pMX Retroviral Vectors 66-69
PRAK
Proliferating Cell Nuclear
Antigen Assay 25
Proliferation Assays 24-25
Protease Retroviral Vectors 69
Protein Extraction Reagents 127
Protein Oxidation Assays
Advanced Glycation End
Products (AGE) 88-89
Advanced Oxidation Protein
Products (AOPP) 87
BPDE Adduct 87
Carbonyl 86
CEL (Carboxyethyl Lysine) 88
CML (Carboxymethyl Lysine) 89
MG (Methylglyoxal) 89
Nitrotyrosine 85
Protein Phosphorylation
Antibody Stripping Solution 126
Protein Quantitation Kit 128
Proteins
Albumin 142
Apolipoproteins 132
EGFP 124
GRP-PH Domain 119
Oxidized/Nitrated 131
Purification Kits
AAV 47
Adenovirus 56
Antibodies 125
Lentivirus 62
Phosphoproteins 126
Retrovirus 70
QuickTiter Viral Titer &
Quantitation Kits
AAV 48
Adenovirus 55
HBV Core Antigen 149
HCV Core Antigen 149
HIV p24 148
Lentivirus, Recombinant 60-61
Product Page
Reporter Genes
Quantitation Assays
122-
123
Recombinant Lentivirus 59
Retrovirus
Concentration & Purification
Kits
70
Expression Systems 65
Gene-Specific Vectors 67-69
Packaging Cell Lines 64, 67
shRNA Expression 66
Transduction Kits 72
RFP
Antibody 124
ELISA Kit 123
RGS Recombinant Proteins 118
Rho
Activation Assays
112-
113
Agarose Beads 115
Recombinant Proteins 118
RhoA Acti vation Assay
112-
113
RhoB Acti vation Assay
112-
113
RhoC Acti vation Assay
112-
113
Rho Kinase Activity Assays 120
RIPA Buffer 128
RNA Damage ELISA Kit 95
RNAi Enhancer Reagent 82
ROCK Acti vity Assay Kits 120
ROS Assays
102-
105
scAAV
Control Vector 46
Expression Vector 46
SCGE Assay Kits 97
SEAP Recombinant
Adenovirus
50
Senescence Assays 23
shAkt Recombinant
Adenovirus
53
Renal Function Assays 144-
155
Product Page
QuickTiter Viral Titer &
MuLV p30 148
Retrovirus, Recombinant 71
Rab Recombinant Proteins 118
Rac
Activation Assays
112-
113
Agarose Beads 115
GEF Assay 114
Radius Cell Migration
Assays
13
Raf1
Ral
Activation Assay
112-
113
Agarose Beads 115
Ran
Activation Assay
112-
113
Agarose Beads 115
Rap
Activation Assays
112-
113
RAPAd Adenoviral
Expression Systems
49
Rapid GST Inclusion Body
Solubilization and Renatu-
ration Kit
127
Rapid RCA Assay 56
Ras Superfamily
Activation Assays
112-
113
Agarose Beads 115
RCA Assay Kit 56
Reacti ve Oxygen Species
(ROS) Assays
102-
105
Recombinant Adenoviruses 50-53
Recombinant Proteins
Fluorescent Proteins 124
GRP-PH Domain 119
Small GTPase 118
Rel B Recombinant
Adenovirus
53
PRODUCT INDEX

156
Product Page
shRNA Expression
Adeno-Associated Virus 41-45
Adenovirus 49
Lentivirus 57-59
Retrovirus 66
Single Cell Gel Electro-
phoresis Assays
97
SKOV-3/GFP-Luc Cell Line 123
SKOV-3/Luc Cell Line 123
SKOV-3/RFP Cell Line 123
Small GTPase
Activation Assays 112-
Active GEF Assays 114
Agarose Beads 115
Premade Adenoviruses 51
SNL Feeder Cells 35
SOD Acti vity Assay Kit 107
Soft Agar Colony Assay Kits
Hematopoietic Colony 36
Stem Cell Colony Formation 37
Tumor Sensitivity Assay 8
SOK Recombinant 52
Sox2 Retroviral Vector 69
Sphingomyelin Assay 140
Src Recombinant Adenovirus 53
Stat5 Retroviral Vectors 68
Stem Cell Research
Alkaline Phosphatase
Detection Kits
38
Feeder Cells 35
Hematopoietic Colony 36
iPS Cell Reprogramming 32-33
PCR Primers 38
Retroviral Expression 34
Stem Cell Colony Assay 37
Total Protein: ES Cell Line D3 38
Total RNA: ES Cell Line D3 38
Superoxide Dismutase Assay 107
T47D/GFP Cell Line 123
TAC Assay 110
Tac-Rac1 Recombinant
Adenovirus
52
TBARS Assay Kit 90
TIA1 Retroviral Vector 68
Tiam1 Assay Kit 114
TIAR Retroviral Vector 68
Product Page
Total Antioxidant Capacity
110
Total Cholesterol Assays 130
Total Protein: ES Cell Line D3 38
Total RNA: ES Cell Line D3 38
Transcription Regulation
Transformation Assays 6-7
Transmigration Assays 17
Triglyceride Assays 139
TTP Retroviral Vector 68
Tumor Antigen Adenoviruses 50
Tumor Cell Assays
Cell Adhesion 10-11
Cell Invasion 18-19
Chemosensitivity 8
Soft Agar Colony Formation 6-9
Transmigration 17
Tumor Cell Isolation 9
Tyrosine Kinase
Adenoviruses 53
uPA / uPAR Retroviral
Vectors 69
Urea Assay 144
Uric Acid / Uricase Asay 144
UV DNA Damage Assays 98
V5 Tag Antibody 125
VEGF Recombinant
Adenovirus 50
Very Low Density Lipoprotein
Assay 131
ViraBind Purification Kits
AAV 47
Adenovirus 54
Lentivirus 62
Retrovirus 70
ViraDuctin Transduction
Kits & Reagents
AAV 48
Adenovirus 56
Lentivirus 63
Retrovirus 72
Viral Expression Systems
AAV 41-45
Adenovirus 49, 81
Lentivirus 57-58
Retrovirus 65
Viral Packaging Cells
AAV 47
Adenovirus 50
Lentivirus 59
Retrovirus 64, 67
Product Page
Viral Titer Kits
AAV 48
Adenovirus 55
Lentivirus 60-61
Retrovirus 71
Viral Transduction Reagents
AAV 48
Adenovirus 56
Lentivirus 63
Retrovirus 72
ViraSafe Lentivirus
Virus Core Antigen Assays
HBVcAg 149
HCVcAg 149
HIV-1 p24 148
MuLV p30 148
Virus Purification Kits
AAV 47
Adenovirus 54
Lentivirus 62
Retrovirus 70
Virus Quantitation Kits
AAV 48
Adenovirus 55
Lentivirus 60-61
Retrovirus 71
VLDL
Assay 131
VSV-G Retroviral Vector 67
Western Blot Blocking
Reagent
126
Wound Healing Assay 20
WST-1 Cell Proliferation
Reagent
24
PRODUCT INDEX

Please locate the contact information below for the office in your country. If your country is not listed,
please contact Cell Biolabs Corporate Office at info@cellbiolabs.com.
ALBANIA

MEDICAL BIOMICS LTD.
Tel: 0030 6974711158
prdrjng@gmail.com
ALGERIA

KARAWAN SCIENTIFIC
Tel: +216 71 230 933
Fax: +216 71 230 787
sales@karawan-scientific.com
ARGENTINA

GENBIOTECH S.R.L.
Tel: +54 011-45561600
ventas@genbiotech.com.ar
AUSTRALIA

JOMAR BIOSCIENCE PTY
LTD
Tel: +61 8 8431 2041
Fax: +61 8 8431 2049
jomar@adelaide.on.net
AUSTRIA

THP MEDICAL PRODUCTS
VERTRIEBS GMBH
Tel: +43 1 292 82 80
Fax: +43 1 292 82 80-88
r.englisch@thp.at

BIOCAT GMBH
Tel: +49 (0) 6221 7141516
Fax: +49 (0) 6221 7141529
info@biocat.com
BAHRAIN

DPC LEBANON S.A.R.L.
Tel: 00961 1 502 812
Fax: 00961 8 805 851
admin@dpcleb.com
BELGIUM

BIO-CONNECT BV
Tel: +31 (0) 26 326 4450
Fax: +31 (0) 26 326 4451
info@bio-connect.nl
BRAZIL

SELLEX (S.A.C.)
Tel: (011) 5506-4646
Fax: (011) 5505-7433
vendas@sellex.com
BULGARIA

RIDACOM LTD.
Tel: 003592 955 99 98
info@ridacom.com
CHILE

FERMELO S.A.
Tel: +56 2 247 2976
Fax: +56 2 247 2977
info@fermelo.cl
CHINA

BEIJING SEAJET
SCIENTIFIC CO., LTD.
(BEIJING OFFICE)
Tel: +86 10 8859-7838
Fax: +86 10 8859-5011
myan@seajetsci.com

BEIJING SEAJET
(SHANGHAI OFFICE)
Tel: +86 021 63599871
Fax: +86 021 63599873
shanghai@seajetsci.com

GENETIMES TECHNOLOGY,
INC
Tel: +86 21 3367-6611
Fax: +86 21 3367-6155
order@genetimes.com.cn
COLOMBIA

SUMINISTROS CLINICOS
ISLA LTDA
Tel: 571 6250580
islaltda@gmail.com
COSTA RICA

BIOCIENTIFICA
INTERNACIONAL S. DE R.L.
Tel: 506 2272-3700
Fax: 506 2272-0460
info@biocientifica.net
www.biocientifica.net
CROATIA

INTEROS2000 LTD.
Tel: +385 1 617 0059
Fax: +385 1 617 0086
info@interos.hr
CZECH REPUBLIC

SCINTILA, S.R.O.
Tel: +420 567 302 681
Fax: +420 567 330 277
market@scintila.cz
www.scintila.cz

VERTRIEBS GMBH
Tel: +43 1 292 82 80
Fax: +43 1 292 82 80-88
r.englisch@thp.at
DENMARK

BIO-MEDIATOR KY
Tel: +358-9-852 4898
Fax: +358-9-852 4884
info@bio.fi
www.bio.fi
EGYPT

NEW TEST CO. (NTCO) FOR
SCIENTIFIC SERVICES
Tel: +20 3 544 4736
Fax: +20 3 359 6836
info@newtest.com.eg
ESTONIA

UPSTREAM OU
Tel: +372 51 86 295
info@upstream.ee
www.upstream.ee
FINLAND

BIO-MEDIATOR KY
Tel: +358-9-852 4898
Fax: +358-9-852 4884
info@bio.fi
www.bio.fi
FRANCE

EUROMEDEX
Tel: +33 3 88 18 07 27
Fax: +33 3 88 18 07 28
info@euromedex.com
www.euromedex.com
157
CANADA

CEDARLANE
LABORATORIES
Tel: 1 289 288-0001
Fax: 1 289 288-0020
general@cedarlanelabs.com
CYPRUS

Tel: 0030 6974711158
prdrjng@gmail.com
HONG KONG

BEIJING SEAJET
myan@seajetsci.com

GENETIMES TECHNOLOGY
INTERNATIONAL HOLDING
LTD
Tel: 852 2385 2818
Fax: 852 2385 1308
hongkong@genetimes.com.hk
HUNGARY

VERTRIEBS GMBH
Tel: +43 1 292 82 80
Fax: +43 1 292 82 80-88
r.englisch@thp.at
GREECE

Tel: 0030 6974711158
prdrjng@gmail.com
GERMANY

BIOCAT GMBH
Tel: +49 (0) 6221 7141516
Fax: +49 (0) 6221 7141529
info@biocat.com
www.biocat.com
GHANA

THRIVUS COMPANY LTD
Tel: +233-54-349-5200
Fax: +233-27-219-0060
thrivus@gmail.com
www.thrivus.com
WORLDWIDE CONTACTS

WORLDWIDE CONTACTS
158
IVORY COAST

THRIVUS COMPANY LTD
Tel: +233-54-349-5200
Fax: +233-27-219-0060
thrivus@gmail.com
www.thrivus.com
JAPAN

COSMO BIO CO., LTD.
Tel: +81 3 5632 9610
Fax: +81 3 5632 9614
mail@cosmobio.co.jp
www.cosmobio.co.jp
JORDAN

GENETICS COMPANY EL
WERATHA
Tel: +962 6 5536402
Fax: +962 6 5536398
info@genetics-jo.com
www.genetics-jo.com

Tel: 00961 1 502 812
Fax: 00961 8 805 851
admin@dpcleb.com
KOREA

CMI BIOTECH
Tel: 82-2-444-7101
Fax: 82-2-444-7201
cmibio@cmibio.com
www.cmibio.com

KOMA BIOTECH INC.
Tel: 82-2-2660-5660
Fax: 82-2-2660-5669
koma@komabiotech.co.kr
www.komabiotech.co.kr
KUWAIT

Tel: 00961 1 502 812
Fax: 00961 8 805 851
admin@dpcleb.com
LATVIA

ADRONA SIA
Tel: +371 67551894
Fax: +371 67551976
info@adrona.lv
www.adrona.lv
LITHUANIA

UPSTREAM OU
Tel: +372 51 86 295
info@upstream.ee
www.upstream.ee

UPSTREAM OU
Tel: +372 51 86 295
info@upstream.ee
www.upstream.ee
LUXEMBOURG

BIO-CONNECT BV
Tel: +31 (0) 26 326 4450
Fax: +31 (0) 26 326 4451
info@bio-connect.nl
MACEDONIA

Tel: 0030 6974711158
prdrjng@gmail.com
MALAYSIA

AXON SCIENTIFIC SDN.
BHD.
Tel: +603 89451482
Fax: +603 89419421
info@axonscientific.com
MALTA

KARAWAN SCIENTIFIC
Tel: +216 71 230 933
Fax: +216 71 230 787
MEXICO

PROBIOTEK
Tel: +81 8383 4892
Fax: +81 8383 8907
info@probiotek.com
MOROCCO

KARAWAN SCIENTIFIC
Tel: +216 71 230 933
Fax: +216 71 230 787
NETHERLANDS

BIO-CONNECT BV
Tel: +31 (0) 26 326 4450
Fax: +31 (0) 26 326 4451
info@bio-connect.nl
NICARAGUA

BIOCIENTIFICA
Tel: 506 2272-3700
Fax: 506 2272-0460
NIGERIA

THRIVUS COMPANY LTD
Tel: +233-54-349-5200
Fax: +233-27-219-0060
thrivus@gmail.com
www.thrivus.com
NORWAY

BIO-MEDIATOR KY
Tel: +358-9-852 4898
Fax: +358-9-852 4884
info@bio.fi
www.bio.fi
OMAN

BIO MEDICAL SCIENTIFIC
SERVICES LLC
Tel: +971 3 762 0880
Fax: +971 3 762 0882
sales@biomss.com
www.biomss.com

Tel: 00961 1 502 812
Fax: 00961 8 805 851
admin@dpcleb.com
PAKISTAN

FY SCIENTIFIC
ASSOCIATES
Tel: +92 21 34327418
Fax: +92 21 3453798
info@fybreeds.com
www.fybreeds.com

MADINA SCIENTIFIC
STORES
Tel: +92 42 7238770
Fax: +92 42 7314122
madeena@brain.net.pk
www.madinasci.com
PANAMA

BIOCIENTIFICA
Tel: 506 2272-3700
Fax: 506 2272-0460
ITALY

VALTER OCCHIENA S.R.L.
Tel: +39 011 7716971
Fax: +39 011 7761800
vo@valterocchiena.com
www.valterocchiena.com
LEBANON

Tel: 00961 1 502 812
Fax: 00961 8 805 851
admin@dpcleb.com
NEW ZEALAND

JOMAR BIOSCIENCE PTY
LTD
Tel: +61 8 8431 2041
Fax: +61 8 8431 2049
jomar@adelaide.on.net
PERU

BIOLAB ANDINA SAC
Tel: +51-1-4491223
Fax: +51-1-4491223
jvera@biolabandina.com
www.biolabandina.com
INDIA

BIOGENUIX MEDSYSTEMS
PVT. LTD.
Tel: +91-11-4875 4875
Fax: +91-11-2561 2008
contact@biogenuix.com
www.biogenuix.com
INDONESIA

CV. KRISTALINDO BIOLAB
Tel: +62 31 5998626
Fax: +62 31 5998627
kutama@indo.net.id
IRAQ

Tel: 00961 1 502 812
Fax: 00961 8 805 851
admin@dpcleb.com
IRELAND

CAMBRIDGE BIOSCIENCE
LTD.
Tel: +44 (0) 1223 316 855
Fax: +44 (0) 1954 781 323
sales@bioscience.co.uk
www.bioscience.co.uk
ISRAEL

BIOCONSULT
Tel: +972-2-5667043
Fax: +972-2-5662790
leurer@bioconsult.co.il
www.bioconsult.co.il

WORLDWIDE CONTACTS
159
SLOVAKIA

SCINTILA, S.R.O.
Tel: +420 567 302 681
Fax: +420 567 330 277
market@scintila.cz
www.scintila.cz

VERTRIEBS GMBH
Tel: +43 1 292 82 80
Fax: +43 1 292 82 80-88
r.englisch@thp.at
SLOVENIA

VERTRIEBS GMBH
Tel: +43 1 292 82 80
Fax: +43 1 292 82 80-88
r.englisch@thp.at
www.thp.at
SOUTH AFRICA

BIOCOM BIOTECH
Tel: +27 12 644 2795
Fax: +27 86 654 9048
info@biocombiotech.co.za
www.biocombiotech.co.za
SPAIN

BIONOVA CIENTIFICA S.L.
Tel: +34 91 551 54 03
Fax: +34 91 433 45 45
info@bionova.es
www.bionova.es
SRI LANKA

BIOGENUIX MEDSYSTEMS
PVT. LTD.
Tel: +91-11-4875 4875
Fax: +91-11-2561 2008
contact@biogenuix.com
www.biogenuix.com
SWEDEN

BIO-MEDIATOR KY
Tel: +358-9-852 4898
Fax: +358-9-852 4884
info@bio.fi
www.bio.fi
SWITZERLAND

LUBIOSCIENCE GMBH
Tel: +41 41 417 02 80
Fax: +41 41 417 02 89
info@lubio.ch
www.lubio.ch

BIOCAT GMBH
Tel: +49 (0) 6221 7141516
Fax: +49 (0) 6221 7141529
info@biocat.com
TAIWAN

GENETEKS BIOSCIENCE,
INC.
Tel: 886-2-8993 6968
Fax: 886-2-8993 6967
geneteksbio@gmail.com

HOHO TECHNOLOGY CO.,
LTD.
Tel: 886 02 2748 9697
Fax: 886 2 8192 4210
E-mail: hohoteco@seed.net.tw
www.hohoteco.idv.tw
THAILAND

ADVANCED MEDICAL
SCIENCE CO., LTD.
Tel: +66-2-196-2066
Fax: +66-2-196-2069
ams@amsthailand.com
www.amsthailand.com
TUNISIA

KARAWAN SCIENTIFIC
Tel: +216 71 230 933
Fax: +216 71 230 787
TURKEY

MEDSANTEK LTD. CO.
Tel: +90 212 635 85 46
Fax: +90 212 635 83 50
medsantek@medsantek.com.tr
www.medsantek.com.tr
UKRAINE

ALMABION LTD.
Tel: +7 (473) 273-48-28
info@almabion.ru
www.almabion.ru
UNITED ARAB

BIO MEDICAL SCIENTIFIC
SERVICES LLC
Tel: +971 3 762 0880
Fax: +971 3 762 0882
sales@biomss.com
www.biomss.com
UNITED KINGDOM

CAMBRIDGE BIOSCIENCE
LTD.
Tel: +44 (0) 1223 316 855
Fax: +44 (0) 1954 781 323
sales@bioscience.co.uk
www.bioscience.co.uk
URUGUAY

GENBIOTECH S.R.L.
Tel: +54 011-45561600
ventas@genbiotech.com.ar
VIET NAM

TRUONG BIO, INC.
Tel: 84 8 3755 3648
Fax: 84 8 3755 4403
truongbio1@msn.com
www.truongbio.com

UNITED SCIENTIFIC CO.,
LTD.
Tel: +84 8 22446300
Fax: +84 8 39106816
sales@uscivn.com
www.unitedscientific.net
UNITED STATES

CELL BIOLABS, INC.
Tel: +1 858 271-6500
Fax: +1 858 271-6514
info@cellbiolabs.com
www.cellbiolabs.com
YEMEN

BIOTEC MEDICAL CORP
Tel: 00967 1 297680
mmcomp2010@yahoo.com
SINGAPORE

PRECISION
TECHNOLOGIES PTE LTD.
Tel: +65 6273 4573
Fax: +65 6273 8898
precision@pretech.com.sg
www.pretech.com.sg
POLAND

STI
Tel: +48 (61) 6417759
Fax: +48 (61) 6417758
office@sti.biz.pl
www.sti.biz.pl
PORTUGAL

MEDITECNO, LDA.
Tel: +351 214 581 723
Fax: +351 214 077 945
info@meditecno.pt
www.meditecno.pt
QATAR

Tel: 00961 1 502 812
Fax: 00961 8 805 851
admin@dpcleb.com
ROMANIA

TAXON SOLUTIONS SRL
Tel: +40 729 852168
Fax: +40 21 2103500
taxon@clicknet.ro
RUSSIA

ALMABION LTD.
Tel: +7 (473) 273-48-28
info@almabion.ru
www.almabion.ru
SAUDI ARABIA

SALIMA TRADING
CORP.
Tel: +966 1 493 0759
Fax: +966 1 493 2819
lab@salimacorp.com

Tel: 00961 1 502 812
Fax: 00961 8 805 851
admin@dpcleb.com
SERBIA

PROMEDIA DOO.
Tel: +381 11 344 6208
Fax: +381 11 344 6209
office@promedia.rs
www.promedia.rs

SWISS CONCEPT LTD.
Tel: +381 11 3610 945
Fax: +381 11 3610 948

Tel: 00961 1 502 812
Fax: 00961 8 805 851
admin@dpcleb.com

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Cell-Based Assays

Ordering Information & Support 4

or ViraDuctin Lentivirus Transduc-

can boost transduction

can boost transduc-

. A proprietary reagent cocktail forms a super-

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