Table of Lower Limb Muscles

Muscles of Gluteal Region

Muscle Origin Insertion Nerve Action
outer
surface of extends & laterally
iliotibial tract
ilium, rotates thigh;
and gluteal inferior
gluteus maximus sacrum, through iliotibial
tuberosity of gluteal nerve
coccyx, tract, it extends
femur
sacrotuberou knee joint
s ligament
outer greater abducts thigh. Tilts
superior
gluteus medius surface of trochanter of pelvis when
gluteal nerve
ilium femur walking
abduct thigh;
outer greater
superior anterior fibers
gluteus minimus surface of trochanter of
gluteal nerve medially rotate
ilium femur
thigh
assists gluteus
tensor fasciae superior major in locking
iliac crest iliotibial tract
latae gluteal nerve the knee into full
extension
anterior greater
1st & 2nd lateral rotator of
piriformis surface of trochanteric
sacral nerves thigh
sacrum fossa
greater
superior spine of lateral rotator of
trochanteric sacral plexus
gemellus ischium thigh
fossa
inner surface greater
obturator lateral rotator of
of obturator trochanteric sacral plexus
internus thigh
membrane fossa
greater
ischial lateral rotator of
inferior gemellus trochanteric sacral plexus
tuberosity thigh
fossa
outer greater
obturator surface of trochanteric obturator lateral rotator of
externus obturator fossa of nerve thigh
membrane femur
Anterior Compartment of Thigh
sartorius anterior upper medial femoral flexes, abducts,
 laterally rotates
superior iliac surface of thigh; flexes &
nerve
spine tibia medially rotates
leg
flexes thigh on
with psoas
trunk; if thigh is
into the
femoral fixed, it flexes the
iliacus iliac fossa lesser
nerve trunk onto the
trochanter of
thigh as in sitting
femur
up
12th
thoracic
body;
flexes thigh on
transverse lesser
trunk; if thigh
process, trochanter of lumbar
psoas fixed, it flexes
bodies & femur along plexus
trunk onto thigh as
intervertebra with iliacus
in sitting up
l discs of the
5 lumbar
vertebrae
superior upper end
femoral flexes and adducts
pectineus ramus of shaft of
nerve thigh
pubis femur
straight
head from quadriceps
anterior tendon into
quadriceps inferior iliac patella; into
femoral
femoris, rectus spine; tibial extension of leg
nerve
femoris reflected tuberosity
head from by patellar
ilium above tendon
acetabulum
quadriceps
tendon into
quadriceps upper end patella; into
femoral
femoris, vastus and shaft of tibial extension of leg
nerve
lateralis femur tuberosity
by patellar
tendon
quadriceps upper end quadriceps femoral extension of leg
femoris, vastus and shaft of tendon into nerve
medialis femur patella; into
 tibial
tuberosity
by patellar
tendon
quadriceps
tendon into
quadriceps patella; into
shaft of femoral
femoris, vastus tibial extension of leg
femur nerve
intermedius tuberosity
by patellar
tendon
Muscles of Medial Compartment of Thigh
inferior
upper part of
ramus of
shaft of tibia obturator adducts thigh and
gracilis pubis;
on medial nerve flexes leg
ramus of
surface
ischium
posterior
adducts thigh;
body of surface of obturator
adductor longus assists in lateral
pubis shaft of nerve
rotation
femur
posterior
inferior adducts thigh;
surface of obturator
adductor brevis ramus of assists in lateral
shaft of nerve
pubis rotation
femur
posterior
inferior
surface of
ramus of obturator
shaft of adducts thigh and
pubis; nerve; tibial
femur near assists in lateral
adductor magnus ramus of nerve to
linea aspera; rotation; hamstring
ischium, hamstring
adductor part extends thigh
ischial part
tubercle of
tuberosity
femur
Muscles of Posterior Compartment of Thigh
long head
long
from ischial
head:tibial; flexes and laterally
tuberosity; head of
biceps femoris short rotates leg; long
short head fibula
head:commo head extends thigh
from shaft of
n peroneal
femur
semitendinosus ischial upper part tibial nerve flexes and medially
tuberosity medial rotates leg;
 surface of
extends thigh
shaft of tibia
medial
condyle of
flexes and medially
semimembranos ischial tibia; forms
tibial nerve rotates leg;
us tuberosity oblique
extends thigh
popliteal
ligament
adductor
adductor magnus ischial
tubercle of tibial nerve extends thigh
(hamstring part) tuberosity
femur
Muscles of Anterior Compartment of the Leg
extends the foot;
inverts foot at
shaft of tibia medial
deep subtalar and
and cuneiform &
tibialis anterior peroneal transverse tarsal
interosseous base of first
nerve joints; supports
membrane metatarsal
medial longitudinal
arch
shaft of extensor
deep extends toes;
extensor fibula and expansion of
peroneal dorsiflexes
digitorum interosseous lateral four
nerve (extends) foot
membrane toes
dorsiflexes
shaft of (extends) foot;
base of 5th deep
fibula & everts foot at
peroneus tertius metatarsal peroneal
interosseous subtalar and
bone nerve
membrane transverse tarsal
joints
extends big toe;
dorsiflexes
shaft of base of
deep (extends) foot;
extensor hallucis fibula & distal
peroneal inverts foot at
longus interosseous phalanx of
nerve subtalar and
membrane big toe
transverse tarsal
joints
Muscles of Lateral Compartment of Leg
peroneus longus shaft of base of 1st superficial plantar flexes foot;
fibula metatarsal & peroneal everts foot at
medial nerve subtalar &
cuneiform transverse tarsal
joints; supports
 lateral longitudinal
and transverse
arches of foot
plantar flexes foot;
everts foot at
base of 5th superficial subtalar &
shaft of
peroneus brevis metatarsal peroneal transverse tarsal
fibula
bone nerve joints; supports
lateral longitudinal
arch
Muscles of Posterior Compartment of the Leg
medial and by way of
lateral Achilles plantar flexes foot;
gastrocnemius tibial nerve
condyles of tendon to flexes leg
femur calcaneum
lateral
supracondyl plantar flexes foot;
plantaris calcaneum tibial nerve
ar ridge of flexes leg
femur
with gastrocnemius
& plantaris is
by way of
shafts of powerful plantar
achilles
soleus tibia and tibial nerve flexor of foot;
tendon into
fibula provides main
calcaneum
propulsive force in
walking & running
flexes leg; unlocks
lateral full extension of
popliteus condyle of shaft of tibia tibial nerve knee by laterally
femur rotating femur on
tibia
flexes distal
phalanges of
distal lateral four toes;
flexor digitorum phalanges of plantar flexes foot;
shaft of tibia tibial nerve
longus lateral four supports medial
toes and lateral
longitudinal arches
of foot
flexor hallucis shaft of base of tibial nerve flexes distal
longus fibula distal phalanx of big toe;
phalanx of plantar flexes foot;
 supports medial
big toe
longitudinal arch
plantar flexes foot;
shafts of inverts foot at
tibia and tuberosity of subtalar and
tibialis posterior fibula & navicular tibial nerve transverse tarsal
interosseous bone joints; supports
membrane medial longitudinal
arch of foot
Muscles on the Dorsum of Foot
by four
tendons into
the proximal
phalanx of
deep
extensor big toe and
calcaneum peroneal extends toes
digitorum brevis long
nerve
extensor
tendons to
2nd, 3rd and
4th toes
Muscles of the Sole of the Foot (First Layer)
medial medial side,
tubercle of base of medial flexes, abducts big
abductor hallucis calcaneum; proximal plantar toe; supports
flexor phalanx of nerve medial arch
retinaculum big toe
middle flexes lateral four
medial medial
flexor digitorum phalanx of toes; supports
tubercle of plantar
brevis four lateral medial & lateral
calcaneum nerve
toes longitudinal arches
lateral side
medial & flexes, abducts 5th
base of lateral
abductor digiti lateral toe; supports
proximal plantar
minimi tubercles of lateral longitudinal
phalanx 5th nerve
calcaneum arch
toe
muscles of Sole of Foot (Second Layer)
flexor medial and tendons
lateral aids long flexor
accessorius lateral sides flexor
plantar tendon to flex
(quadratus of digitorum
nerve lateral four toes
plantae) calcaneum longus
flexor digitorum shaft of tibia base of tibial nerve flexes distal
 phalanges of
distal
lateral four toes;
phalanx of
longus tendon plantar flexes foot;
lateral four
supports
toes
longitudinal arch
1st lumbrical
from medial
plantar;
dorsal
tendons of remainder
extensor extends toes at
flexor lumbricals
lumbricals expansion of interphalangeal
digitorum from deep
lateral four joints
longus branch of
toes
lateral
plantar
nerve
flexes distal
base of
phalanx of big toe;
flexor hallucis shaft of distal
tibial nerve plantar flexes foot;
longus fibula phalanx of
supports medial
big toe
longitudinal arch
Muscles of Sole of Foot (Third Layer)
cuboid,
medial &
lateral flexes
lateral sides
cuneiform medial metatarsophalange
flexor hallucis of base of
bones; plantar al joint of big toe;
brevis proximal
tibialis nerve supports medial
phalanx of
posterior longitudinal arch
big toe
insertion
bases of lateral side
2nd, 3rd & base of deep branch flexes big toe,
adductor hallucis
4th proximal of lateral supports
(oblique head)
metatarsal phalanx big plantar transverse arch
bones toe
lateral side
deep branch
adductor hallucis of base of flexes big toe;
plantar of lateral
(transverse proximal supports
ligaments plantar
head) phalanx big transverse arch
nerve
toe
flexor digiti base of 5th lateral side superior flexes little toe
minimi brevis metatarsal of base of branch of
bone proximal lateral
phalanx of plantar
 big toe nerve
Muscles of Sole of Foot (Fourth Layer)
abduct toes with
bases of
2nd toe as the
adjacent phalanges
lateral reference; flex
dorsal interossei sides of and dorsal
plantar metatarsophalange
(4) metatarsal expansion of
nerve al joints; extend
bones correspondin
interphalangeal
g toes
joint
adduct toes with
bases of
2nd toe as
3rd, 4th, phalanges &
lateral reference; flex
plantar interossei and 5th dorsal
plantar metatarsophalange
(3) metatarsal expansion of
nerve al joints; extend
bones correspondin
interphalangeal
g toes
joints
tendon of
see above see above see above see above
peroneus longus
tendon of tibialis
see above see above see above see above
posterior

HAZRAT BILAL MALAKANDI

2nd SEMESTER BSPT

INSTITUTE OF PHYSICAL MEDICINE AND REHABILITATION

KHYBER MEDICAL UNIVERSITY

PESHAWAR N.W.F.P PAKISTAN

CONTACT:- bilal_kmu02@yahoo.com