The following four circuits demonstrate some further practical applications of logic gates. A push0$utton loc1 to open the loc1 the solenoid must $e acti+ated and this can $e done $, pressing $oth switches a and B.
The following four circuits demonstrate some further practical applications of logic gates. A push0$utton loc1 to open the loc1 the solenoid must $e acti+ated and this can $e done $, pressing $oth switches a and B.
The following four circuits demonstrate some further practical applications of logic gates. A push0$utton loc1 to open the loc1 the solenoid must $e acti+ated and this can $e done $, pressing $oth switches a and B.
(a) Burglar alarm When the switch is closed one input of the NAND gate is LOW. When the LDR is in the light the other input is LOW. This means that if either of these things happen i.e. the switch is closed or the light is on one of the inputs is LOW the output is !"#! and the $u%%er sounds. ($) &ree%er warning $u%%er When the thermistor is 'OLD its resistance is LAR#( and the input to the NAND gate is high. )ince the NAND gate is connected as an "N*(RT(R the output is LOW. As the thermistor warms up its resistance decreases the +oltage across it falls and the input to the NAND gate falls. When it $ecomes low enough the output $ecomes !"#! and the $u%%er sounds. !ow would ,ou ad-ust the temperature at which the $u%%er came on.
Further circuits using logic gates The following four circuits demonstrate some further practical applications of logic gates the function of each circuit $eing e/plained. A push0$utton loc1 To open the loc1 the solenoid must $e acti+ated and this can $e done $, pressing $oth switches A and B. "f B is pressed $efore A howe+er the $u%%er will sound. 2 &igure 3 &igure 2 A LOC! "#$ % A light0acti+ated $urglar alarm When the switch is in position A the $u%%er sta,s off whate+er the illumination of the light0dependent resistor. "f the switch is closed in position B the $u%%er will come on howe+er and sta, on when a $rief flash of light (perhaps from the torch of a $urglar) falls on the light0dependent resistor. The $u%%er ma, onl, $e turned off $, returning the switch to position A. A safet, thermostat The two contacts 4 and 5 are near the top of the hot water tan1 and are normall, co+ered with water so that there is a contact $etween them. The thermistor is also in the water. "f the water is too cold and if the contacts are also co+ered the heater comes on. The temperature at which this occurs ma, $e set $, the +aria$le resistor R. An automatic watering s,stem This is designed to water plants onl, if the contacts which ma, $e $uried in the soil are too dr, and it is night0time. The rela, closes and starts the pump onl, if $oth these conditions are fulfilled. (6resuma$l, some$od, waters the plants in the da,time $ecause if the switch is pressed the water pump wor1s regardless.) 3 "#$ % &