300069 Digital Signal Processing / 300596 Advanced Signal Processing: Exercise 3

Exercise 3

Problem 4.1
Find the z-transform of each of the following discrete-time sequences:

(1) ,... 2 , 1 , 0 ), sin( ) ( = = n T n n x
(2) ,... 2 , 1 , 0 , ) ( = = n a n x
n
0 , 0 < = n
(3) 1 0 , 1 ) ( = N n n x
elsewhere , 0 =

Solution
(1)

=
n
n
z n x z X ) ( ) (

=
0
) sin(
n
n
z T n

=

=
0
) (
2
1
n
n T jn T jn
z e e
j




=

=
0
1
0
1
) (
2
1
) (
2
1
n
n T j
n
n T j
z e
j
z e
j



If , 1 | |
1
<

z e
T j
.
1
1
) (
1
0
1

z e
z e
T j
n
n T j

If , 1 | |
1
<

z e
T j
.
1
1
) (
1
0
1

z e
z e
T j
n
n T j

Therefore, if and , or equivalently, , 1 | |
1
<

z e
T j
1 | |
1
<

z e
T j
1 | | > z

1 1
1
1
2
1
1
1
2
1
) (

=
z e j z e j
z X
T j T j

2 1 1
1 1
1 2
1


+

=
z z e z e
z e z e
j
T j T j
T j T j



2 1
1
) cos( 2 1
) sin(

+
=
z T z
T z

The region of convergence is |z|>1.

(2)

=
n
n
z n x z X ) ( ) (
JJ Zou, UWS School of Engineering
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300069 Digital Signal Processing / 300596 Advanced Signal Processing: Exercise 3

=
0 n
n n
z a

=
0
1
) (
n
n
az

If , or equivalently, | , 1 | |
1
<

az | | | a z >

1
1
1
) (

=
az
z X .

The region of convergence is . | | | | a z >

(3)

=
n
n
z n x z X ) ( ) (

=
1
0
N
n
n
z
) 1 ( 2 1
... 1

+ + + + =
N
z z z
1
1
1

=
z
z
N


The region of convergence is everywhere in the z-plane except at z =0.


Problem 4.12
The transfer function of a discrete-time system has poles at 5 . 0 = z , 2 . 0 1 . 0 j z = and
zeros at and . 1 = z 1 = z
(1) Sketch the pole-zero diagram for the system.
(2) Derive the system transfer function, H(z), from the pole-zero diagram.
(3) Develop the difference equation.
(4) Draw the realization diagram in signal flowgraph form.

Solution

(1) The pole-zero diagram for the system is given below.









Im
Re
1 = z
1 = z
5 . 0 = z
2 . 0 1 . 0 j z =
. 0 1 . 0 j z 2 = +

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300069 Digital Signal Processing / 300596 Advanced Signal Processing: Exercise 3


(2) The system transfer function is given below.

) 2 . 0 1 . 0 )( 2 . 0 1 . 0 )( 5 . 0 (
) 1 )( 1 (
) (
j z j z z
z z
z H
+
+
=
) 05 . 0 2 . 0 )( 5 . 0 (
1
2
2
+

=
z z z
z

025 . 0 15 . 0 7 . 0
1
2 3
2
+

=
z z z
z

3 2 1
3 1
025 . 0 15 . 0 7 . 0 1


+

=
z z z
z z


(3) The difference equation of the system.


3 2 1
3 1
025 . 0 15 . 0 7 . 0 1 ) (
) (


+

=
z z z
z z
z X
z Y

) 3 ( ) 1 ( ) 3 ( 025 . 0 ) 2 ( 15 . 0 ) 1 ( 7 . 0 ) ( + + = n x n x n y n y n y n y

(4) The realization diagram is given below.

















Problem 4.15
An LTI system is characterized by the following z-transform:
2
2
81 . 0 1
1

+
+
z
z

1
z
1
z
1
z
1
z
1
z
1
z
) (n x ) (n y
0.7
-0.15
-1 0.025
JJ Zou, UWS School of Engineering
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300069 Digital Signal Processing / 300596 Advanced Signal Processing: Exercise 3
Determine the magnitude response at dc, and the sampling frequency. Sketch the
magnitude response in the interval
s
0 , where
s
is the sampling frequency in
rad/sec.

Solution

The magnitude response of the LTI system:
s
s
T j
j
j
T j
T j
e z
T j
e
e
e
e
z
z
e H

/ 4
/ 4
2
2
2
2
81 . 0 1
1
81 . 0 1
1
81 . 0 1
1
| ) ( |

+
+
=
+
+
=
+
+
=

At 0 = , 105 . 1
81 . 0 1
1 1
| ) ( |
0

+
+
=
=
T j
e H .
At
s
4 / 1 = , . 0
81 . 0 1
1
| ) ( |
4 / 1
=
+
+
=

j
j
T j
e
e
e H
s

At
s
2 / 1 = , . 105 . 1
81 . 0 1
1
| ) ( |
2
2
2 / 1

+
+
=

j
j
T j
e
e
e H
s


The system has two poles and two zeros as shown below.
) 9 . 0 )( 9 . 0 (
) )( (
81 . 0 1
1
) (
1 1
1 1
2
2
j z j z
j z j z
z
z
z H
+
+
=
+
+
=

j z =












The magnitude response of the system in the interval
s
0 is shown below.






Im
j z 9 . 0 =
Re
j z 9 . 0 =
j z =
| ) ( |
T j
e H

1
0
s
4 / 1
s
2 / 1
s
4 / 3
s

JJ Zou, UWS School of Engineering
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