Chap. I. GEOMETRY.

283
Fig. 311.
KiK.315
The surface A is to the surface a as the
959. Prop. LXXX. In similar fiyitres
the homologous sides are proportional.
Let the similar figures be ABCDF, ahcdf
{fig.
314.), and the homologous lines CA, ca,
CF,
cf
; CA is to CF as ca to
cf.
<
Since the lines CA, ca are homologous, they are composed
of an equal number of corresi)onding points ; as are also the
homologous lines CF,
cf.
If, for instance, thi,' line CA is
composed of 40 equal points, and the line CF' of 30, tlie
line ca will necessarily be composed of 40 points, and the line
cf of 30 ; and it is manifest that 40 is to SO as 40 to 30.
Therefore C A is to C F as ca to
cf.
960. Pkop. LXXXI. The Circumferences of
circles are as their radii.
Tlie circumference DCB
(^g. 315.) is to the radius AB as the circumference del \i to
the radius ah. c
All circles are similar figures, that is, are composed of an
equal number of points disposed in the same manner. They
have therefore (Prop. SO.) their homologous lines prop.ir*
tional. Therefore the circumference DCB is to the radius
AB as the circumference dch is to the radius ah.
961. Prop. LXXXII. Sindlar
figures are to each other as
the squares
of
their homologous sides.
Let the two similar figures be A,
a^fig.
316.) Upon the
homologous sides CD, cd form the squares B, b
square B is to the square b.
Since the figures A, a are similar, they are composed of an equal number of cor
responding points
;
and since the homologous sides CD, cd are com-
posed of an equal number of points, the squares drawn upon these lines
B, b are also composed of an e(jual number of points.
If it be supposed that the surface A is composed of 1000 points
and the square B of 400 points, the surface A will be also composed of
1000 jiolnts and the square b of 400. Now it is manifest that 1000
is to 400 as 1000 to 400. Wherefore the surface A is to the s(juare B
as the surface a is to the square b
;
and, alternately (Prop. C9.), the sur-
face A is to the surface a as the square B to the scjuare b.
n^.^io.
Corollary. It follows that if any three similar figures be formed upon tlie t'.iree sides
of a right angled triangle, the figure upon the hypothenuse will be eijual to the otiier two
taken together ; for these three figures will be as tlie squares of their sides
; therefore, since
the scjuare of the hypothenuse is equal to the two squares of the other sides, the figure
foimed upon the hypothenuse will also be equal to the two otlier similar figures formed
upon tile other sides.
962. Prop. LXXXIII. Circles are to each other as the squares
of
their radii.
I>et two circles DCB, deb
(fig.
317.) be drawn.
The surface contained within the circumference DCB is to
the surface contained within the circumference dch as the
S(|uare formed upon the radius AB to the square formed upon
the radius ab.
The two circles, being similar figures, are composed of an
equal number of corresponding points, and the radii AB, a6
being composed of an equal number of points, the S(]uares of
these radii will also be composed of an equal number of points.
Fig.3i7.
Sujijiose, for example, that the greater circle DCB is comjiosed of 800 jioints, and the
sijuare of the greater radius AB of 300 ])oints, the smaller circle dch will also be composed
of 800 points, and tha square of the smaller radius of .300. Now it is manifest that 8C0 is
to 300 as 800 to 300. Therefore the greater circle DCB is to tiie sijuare of its radius AB
as the smaller circle deb is to the square of its radius ul>; and, alternately, the greater circle is
to the lesser circle as the greater sijuare is to the lesser square.
963. Prop. LXXXIV. Similar triangles are equiangular.
If the two triangles AV>C,abc
{fig.
318.) be comjiosed of an equal number of jiointa
disposed in the same manner, they are c(]ulangular.
For. since the triangles ABC, a/;c are similar figures, they
have tlieir sides (I'rop.
80.)
proportional ; they are therefore
(Prop. 62.)
equiangular.
964. Prop. LXXXV. Equiangular triangles (ire similar
If the triangles ABC, abc are equiangular, they are also
si.milar. See
^//.
318.
If the triangle ABC were not similar to the triangle abc,
another triangle might be formed ujjon the line AC
;
for examjile, ADC, which should be
liinilar to the triangle abc. Now, the triangle ADC, being similar to the triangle uU\
Fig. 318.