Chapter 12

Development of Surfaces
ENGINEERING GRAPHICS
(TA C111)
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Introduction
When the surfaces of an object are laid out over
a single plane, the spread surface will take
certain shape. The shape so obtained on the
plane is the development of the surface for
that particular object.
Every line on the
development must
represent ONLY the true
length or dimensions of the
corresponding edge on the
surface.
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The surface of polyhedra (such as prisms and
pyramids), and single curved surfaces (cones and
cylinders) can be accurately developed.
In dealing with the development of these objects, the
ends or bases are not generally considered but they
can be incorporated if necessary.
This development without incorporating the ends or
bases is called the development of the lateral
surface
Introduction
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Methods of Development
Two principal methods of development:
The parallel line development
The radial line development
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Parallel-line development:
Applicable to prisms and cylinders
The solid is rolled on a plane in a direction perpendicular to
the axis of the object to get the development
The longer edges or generators of the object will be parallel
to each other in the development
The total area of the development for one complete
revolution of the object = (perimeter of the base) (height of
the axis)
Rectangular
ARRAY can
be used to
develop the
surfaces.
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Development of curved surface
of cylinder
H
H
d
d
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Development of lateral surfaces of a
Hexagonal Prism
H H
w
w
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Radial-line development
Applicable to pyramids and cones
The solid is rolled on a plane with the apex hinged at a
point on it
The true length of the generator or slant edge is used as
radius
FOR ONE COMPLETE REVOLUTION
The length of the arc = the circumference of the base of the
solid
Polar
ARRAY can
be used to
develop the
surfaces.
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Development of single curved surface
of a Cone
S

r
360 =
S
r

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Development of lateral (slant)
surfaces of a hexagonal pyramid
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Make use of MEASURE, DIVIDE, ARRAY (R &
P) commands wherever possible.
While drawing a development of surfaces of
solids the starting point S and opening
direction (ccwor cw) is important.
Instructions
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Examples
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Examples
Draw the development of the lateral surface of a square
pyramid with base edge 100mm and height 200mm
I
III IV II
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Example
Draw the development of the lateral surface of the hexagonal
pyramid with base edge 100mm and height 250mm cut by
section planes as shown
I
III
IV
II
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V
VII
VI
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Examples
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Announcement
There will be a Lecture class on
Wednesday (08.04.09) during the tutorial
hour.
Time: 9 a.m. 10 a.m.
Room: 5105