TOTAL HEAD, N.P.S.H.

AND OTHER CALCULATION EXAMPLES

Jacques Chaurette p. eng.,
www.lightmypump.com
June 2003
Total head, N.P.S.. and other calculations!2
Figure 1 Calculation example flow schematic.
Situation
"ater at #$0 % is to &e pumped 'rom a collecting tan( located at the &asement le)el
*ele)ation 2+00, a&o)e sea le)el-. .oth the suction and discharge tan(s ha)e a square
section */,0 1 /," 1 #0, -, the o)er'low le)el is at +, 'rom the &ottom o' the tan(s. The
'low through the pump is $00 2Sgpm and it is located on the &asement 'loor. There is a
'ilter on the suction line and a heat e1changer on the discharge side o' the pump. The
manu'acturer o' the 'ilter speci'ies that there will &e a pressure drop o' 3 psi at $00 gpm.
The manu'acturer o' the heat e1changer speci'ies that there will &e a pressure drop o' $
psi at $00 gpm. There is a &ranch on the discharge side o' the pump that requires #00
gpm. The control )al)e pressure head drop will &e #0 'eet o' 'luid. The piping material is
stainless steel 34 piping. 5ll the manual )al)es are 'ully open &utter'ly )al)es.
Notes and instructions: disregard the reducer loss in the calculation. This calculation
can be done however it is long it does not significantly enhance this exercise. For the
pressure head loss due to the check valve use the CV coefficient given in Figure and
not the !ydraulic "nstitute fittings pressure head loss chart in Figure #. The total head of
the pump depends on the path of fluid particles that demands the most energy. "t has
been established that this path is between points 1 and $ %see Figure 1&. To calculate
the friction loss in the pipe you may use schedule '( new steel pipe friction table by
Cameron included in this example or you can calculate the loss using the )arcy*
+eisbach e,uation with the -oody diagram or the Colebrook or .wamee*/ain
e,uation.
Total head, N.P.S.. and other calculations!3
6our tas( is to7
#. Calculate the total head and select the pump.
2. Calculate the NPS a)aila&le and chec( with respect to the NPS required.
3. Calculate the speci'ic speed and predict the pump e''iciency. Calculate the
suction speci'ic speed and Thoma num&er and chec( the prediction o' the
Thoma num&er regarding ca)itation.
8. Calculate the temperature rise o' the 'luid within the pump and compare with the
ma1imum recommended.
$. Calculate the pressure ahead o' the control )al)e using method # which uses the
'low data &etween points # and the control )al)e inlet point 9 *see %igure 3- and
method 2 which uses the 'low data &etween points 2 and the control )al)e inlet
point 9 *see %igure 3-.
Total head, N.P.S.. and other calculations!8
CALCULATIONS
1. Calculate the total head and elect the !u"!
Total head is gi)en &y 'ormula :#;. %or the meaning o' the )aria&les see the
nomenclature in ta&le 20. 3' you would li(e to (now more a&out how this equation
was deri)ed see J. Chaurette,s &oo( <Pump System 5nalysis and Centri'ugal Pump
Si=ing> a)aila&le at http7??www.lightmypump.com?pump@&oo(.htm *re'erence #-.
) ( ) (
2
1
) ( ) ( 1 1 2 2
2
1
2
2 2 1 2 1 H z H z v v
g
H H fluid ft H EQ F P + + + + + =
:#;
Pressure head loss due to pipe 'riction
The )elocity in the pipe is gi)en &y 'ormula :2;.
) (
min) / . (
4085 . 0 ) / (
2
2
in
D
USgal Q
s ft v =
:2;
The pressure head loss or piping 'riction is pro)ided 'or in an e1tract o' Cameron
ydraulic data &oo( *see %igures $ and /-. %or the purpose o' this e1ercise use
schedule 80 steel pipe. The 'riction loss in pipes is typically gi)en in terms o' 'eet o'
'luid per #00 'eet o' pipe that the 'luid mo)es through.
tables Cameron see
pipe ft
fluid ft
L
HFP
=

100
Ar use the the 4arcyB"eis&ach equation with the Coody diagram *see %igure #$- or the
Cole&roo( or SwameeBJain equation.
4arcyB"eis&ach equation
) / ( 2 ) (
)) / ( (
1200
100
2
2
s
ft g in D
s ft v
f
pipe of ft
fluid ft
L
HFP

Cole&roo( equation
1
2
37
2 51
10
f D R f
e
= +

log
.
.
SwameeBJain equation
f
D R
e
=
+

0 25
37
574
10 0 9
2
.
log
.
.
.

Total head, N.P.S.. and other calculations!$

SECTION #LO$
%U&al'"in(
DIA
%in(
)ELOCIT*
%+t'(
H
#P
'L
%+t'1,, +t !i!e(
L
%+t(
H
#P
%+t +luid(
0
#
0
2
0
3
0
8
0
$
0
/
Su&Btotal

%P#B9
0
9
Total

%P#B2
Table 1 Friction loss for all pipe segments.
Total head, N.P.S.. and other calculations!/
Sa"!le calculation +o- line e&"ent L
1
The 'riction loss in 'eet o' 'luid 'or #00 'eet o' pipe 'rom the ta&le in %igure / is #./8.
The 'riction loss is then7
06 . 0
100
4
64 . 1 ) ( = = fluid ft H
FP
P-eu-e head lo due to +ittin& +-iction
The 'riction loss 'or 'ittings is gi)en &y 'ormula :3;.
table see K for
s
ft g
s ft
v
K fluid ft
HFF
) / ( 2
) / (
) (
2
2
2
=
:3;
The D 'actors 'or the di''erent 'ittings type is gi)en in the 'orm o' graphs *see %igures
+ and E which are e1tracts o' the ydraulic Fngineering,s Standards &oo(,
www.pumps.org-. 2se these 'igures 'or the D 'actors in equation :3; 'or 'ittings and
manual )al)es.
SECTION #LO$
%U&al'"in(
T*PE .T* DIA
%in(
)ELOCIT*
%+t'(
/
0
'0&
%+t +luid(
1 H
##
%+t +luid(
0
#
0
#
0
2
0
3
0
3
0
8
0
8
0
$
0
$
0
/
Su&Btotal

%%#B9
0
9
Total

%%#B2
Table $. Friction loss for fittings.
Total head, N.P.S.. and other calculations!9
Sa"!le calculation +o- line e&"ent L
1
The D )alue 'or the entrance loss is #. The 'riction loss is then7
5 . 0
) / ( 17 . 32 2
) / (
67 . 5
1 ) (
2
2
2
=

=
s
ft
s ft
fluid ft
HFF
Pressure head loss due to equipment
SG
psi p
fluid ft H
) (
31 . 2 ) ( =
:8;
The pressure drop across the 'ilter is gi)en &y the manu'acturer, 3 psi at $00 gpm. "e
can calculate the pressure head loss &y using equation :8;. The )alue o' the speci'ic
gra)ity SG is )ery close to one, 'or water this )alue changes with the temperature *see
%igure #2-. 5 similar approach is ta(en 'or the heat e1changer whose pressure drop is
gi)en as $ psi.
The control )al)e is a di''erent matter, i' this is a new system we will ha)e to assume a
reasona&le )alue 'or a pressure drop that is consistent with good practice. Consultants
ha)e 'ound that in general i' one assumes a pressure head drop o' #0 't o' 'luid it will
always &e possi&le to select a )al)e o' a reasona&le si=e that will pro)ide good control.
3' the system is e1isting then the manu'acturer,s data will ha)e to &e used to calculate
the pressure drop 'or that speci'ic )al)e at $00 gpm.
SECTION #LO$
%U&al'"in(
T*PE .T* !
%!i(
S2 !
%+t +luid(
H
E.
%+t +luid(
0
2
0
3
0
9
Total

FH#B2
Table 0. Friction loss of the e,uipment.
Note7 p control )al)e I #0 't 'luid
Total head, N.P.S.. and other calculations!+
P-eu-e head lo due to the chec3 /al/e
To calculate the pressure head drop across the chec( )al)e we use the CJ o' the )al)e.
The )al)e 'low coe''icient *CJ- is used as an indicator o' the pressure drop across a
)al)e under speci'ic 'low conditions and is 'ormally de'ined as the num&er o' gallons per
minute o' room temperature water that will 'low through the )al)e with a pressure drop
o' # psi across the )al)e *see equation :$;-. The )alue 'or the chec( )al)e CJ can &e
'ound in the ta&le o' %igure $.
SG
psi p
USgpm
C!
) (
) (

=
:$;
"e can o&tain the )alue o' the pressure drop *p- across the chec( )al)e &y using
equation :/; which is equation :$; with the pressure drop term isolated on the le't hand
side o' the equation.
SG
psi
gpm
C!
gpm
psi p

=
2
2 / 1
) (
) (
:/;
T*PE #LO$
%U&al'"in(
.T* DIA
%in(
S2 C) %&!"'!i
1'0
( !
%!i(
H
chec3
%+t +luid(
Tilting disc
Table '
Total tatic head
Total static head is the di''erence &etween the ele)ations o' the liquid sur'ace o' the
discharge tan( )s. the suction tan(.
4
1
4
0
4
0
54
1
%+t +luid(
Total head, N.P.S.. and other calculations!E
)elocit6 head di++e-ence 7et8een the outlet and inlet o+ the 6te"
)
#
and )
2
are respecti)ely the )elocities o' the 'luid particles at the inlet o' the system
and the outlet. The inlet o' the system is at the position o' the sur'ace o' the liquid in the
suction tan(. The )elocity *)
#
- o' the 'luid particles at the sur'ace is quite low and small
enough to &e considered nil. The outlet o' the system is at the position o' the sur'ace o'
the liquid in the discharge tan(. The )elocity *)
2
- o' the 'luid particles at the sur'ace is
quite low and small enough to &e considered nil.
Notice that the discharge end o' the pipe is su&merged, the 'luid particles will tra)el 'rom
the discharge pipe end to the liquid sur'ace in the discharge tan(. 3' the pipe were not
su&merged then the outlet o' the system would &e located at the discharge pipe end
and the )elocity )
2
would &e the )elocity at the end o' the pipe.
/
1
/
0
/
1
0
'0& /
0
0
'0& /
0
0
'0& 9 /
1
0
'0& %+t +luid(
Tan( pressure head di''erence &etween the outlet and inlet o' the system
3' the suction tan( were pressuri=ed with pressure p
#
, there would &e a corresponding
pressure head
#
. Since the tan( is not pressuri=ed and is open to atmosphere then the
pressure p
#
is =ero and there'ore
#
is =ero. The same applies to the discharge tan(.
Calculation -eult %total head(
Ta&le $ &rings together all the pre)ious calculations and the result is the total head
required o' the pump.
Co"!onent Si&n %+t +luid( Reult
Pipe 'riction head loss K
%P#B2

%ittings 'riction head loss K
%%#B2

Fquipment 'riction head loss K
FH#B2

Chec( )al)e head loss K
CFCD

Total static head K =
2
L =
#

Jelocity head di''erence K )
2
2
?2g L )
#
2
?2g
Tan( pressure head di''erence K
#
L
2

Total head *'t 'luid- I
P

Table . .ummary of the calculation results of the total head.
H
1
H
0
H
0
9 H
1
%+t +luid(
Total head, N.P.S.. and other calculations!#0
:-a3e ho-e!o8e-
*determine the pump e''iciency 'rom the pump per'ormance cur)e prior to doing this
calculation-
The power a&sor&ed &y the pump is gi)en &y equation:9; *see re'erence #-7
pump
P
pump
gal US fluid ft H SG
"p P


=
3960
min) / ( ) (
) (
:9;
SPECI#IC
2RA)IT*
S2
TOTAL
HEAD
H
P
%+t +luid(
#LO$
;
%U&al'"in(
PUMP
E##ICIENC*

:RA1E
HORSEPO$ER
P%h!(
Table 1 2ower to the pump shaft calculation results.
Total head, N.P.S.. and other calculations!##
PUMP SELECTION DATA
This ta&le lists the important in'ormation on the pump that was selected to meet the
process requirements.
Pump Canu'acturer
Pump Codel
Type
Suction dia. *in-
4ischarge dia. *in-
3mpeller speed *rpm-
Aperating head *'t-
Aperating %low *2sgpm-
Pump e''iciency *M-
Predicted e''iciency *M-
Speci'ic speed
Suction speci'ic speed
Temperature rise *N%-
%luid type
Jiscosity *cSt-
Temperature *%-
Speci'ic gra)ity
Speci'ic heat *.tu?l&B%-
.ra(e horsepower *hp-
Selected horsepower *hp-
%rame
Pump shutBo'' head *'t-
System high point *'t- =
high
L =
#
NPS required *'t a&s.-
NPS a)aila&le *'t a&s.-
Ca1. impeller si=e *in-
Cin. impeller si=e *in-
Selected impeller si=e *in-
Table 3 .ummary of the pump data.
Total head, N.P.S.. and other calculations!#2
0. Calculate the N.P.S.H. a/aila7le and chec3 a&aint the N.P.S.H. -e;ui-ed.
Cost o' the data required 'or the N.P.S.. a)aila&le has already &een calculated.

S
*see equation :+a;- is the pressure head at point S or the pump suction. The
N.P.S.. a)aila&le is the )alue o' the pressure head a)aila&le at point S *
S
- plus the
atmospheric pressure minus the )apor pressure o' the liquid.
va # S avail
H H H abs fluid ft H S P $ + = ) . ( . . . .
.
:+a;
The )alue o' the pressure head *
S
- at point S *see equation :+&;- will depend on the
pipe and equipment loss &etween points # and S plus the )elocity head at point #
and plus the ele)ation di''erence the two same points. 3' you would li(e to (now
more a&out how this equation was deri)ed see re'erence #.
) (
2
) (
1
2
1
1 1 1
H z z
g
v
H H H
S S EQ S F S
+ + + + =

:+&;
.y replacing the )alue o'
S
in equation :+&; into equation :+a; we o&tain the N.P.S..
a)aila&le *see equation :+c;-.
va # S EQ S F avail
H H H z z
g
v
H H abs fluid ft H S P $
S


+ + + + + = ) (
2
) ( ) . ( . . . .
1
2
1
1 1 . 1
:+c;
Figure $ 2osition of the control volume which allows the
calculation of the pressure head at point ..
Total head, N.P.S.. and other calculations!#3
P-eu-e head lo due to !i!e +-iction
SECTION #LO$
%U&al'"in(
DIA
%in(
)ELOCIT*
%+t'(
H
#P
'L
%+t'1,, +t !i!e(
L
%+t(
H
#P
%+t +luid(
0
#
0
2
Total

%P#BS
Table 4
P-eu-e head lo due to +ittin& +-iction
SECTION T*PE .T* #LO$
%US&al'"in(
DIA
%in(
)ELOCIT*
%+t'(
/
0
'0&
%+t +luid(
1 H
##
%+t
+luid(
0
#
0
#
0
2
Total

%%#BS
Table #
P-eu-e head lo due to e;ui!"ent
SECTION T*PE .T* #LO$
%US&al'"in(
!
%!i(
S2 !
%+t +luid(
H
E.15S
%+t +luid(
0
2
Ta&le #0
Suction tatic head
4
1
4
S
4
1
54
S
%+t +luid(
Tan3 !-eu-e head at the inlet o+ the 6te"
H
1
%+t +luid(
0
)elocit6 head at the inlet o+ the 6te"
/
1
/
0
1
'0& %+t +luid(
Total head, N.P.S.. and other calculations!#8
At"o!he-ic !-eu-e head
The atmospheric pressure in the en)ironment o' the pump depends on the ele)ation
a&o)e sea le)el or the plant ground 'loor ele)ation which is considered precise enough.
The chart in %igure ## gi)es the pressure in psia corresponding to the pump,s ele)ation.
2sing equation :8; we can calculate the corresponding pressure head.
!
A
%!ia( S2 H
A
%+t +luid a7.(
)a!o- !-eu-e head
The )apor pressure o' the 'luid depends on it,s temperature. The ta&le in %igure ##
gi)es the )apor pressure in psia corresponding to the temperature. 2sing equation :8;
we can calculate the corresponding pressure head.
!
/a
%!ia( S2 H
/a
%+t +luid a7.(
Calculation -eult %N.P.S.H. a/aila7le(
Compare the calculated )alue o' the N.P.S.. a)aila&le with the N.P.S.. required that
the pump manu'acturer pro)ides on the characteristic cur)e which is appro1imately /
'eet o' water a&solute. "e ha)e a com'orta&le margin o' sa'ety compared to our
calculated )alue 'or the system.
Co"!onent Si&n %+t +luid( Reult
Pipe 'riction head loss B
%P#BS

%ittings 'riction head loss B
%%#BS

Fquipment 'riction head loss B
FH#BS

Suction static head K =
#
B=
S
Tan( pressure head K
#

Jelocity head K )
#
2
?2g
5tmospheric pressure head K
.

Japor pressure head B
)a

NPS
a)ail.
*'t 'luid a&s.- I NPS
Table 11. .ummary of the calculation results of the 5.2...!. available.
Total head, N.P.S.. and other calculations!#$
3. Calculate the !eci+ic !eed, uction !eci+ic !eed and Tho"a nu"7e- and
chec3 the !-ediction o+ the Tho"a nu"7e- -e&a-din& ca/itation
S!eci+ic !eed %N
S
(
Speci'ic speed is a num&er that pro)ides an indication o' the speed o' the impeller, the
'low rate and the head produced. The num&er is low, &elow 2000 *see %igure #3- 'or
pumps o' radial design that pro)ide high head and low 'low. 3t is large, o)er #0000, 'or
pumps that pro)ide high 'low and low head. 5long with the suction speci'ic speed, it can
&e used to predict ca)itation.
75 . 0
) (
) ( ) (
fluid ft H
USgpm Q rpm $
$
S

=
:E;
Total head, N.P.S.. and other calculations!#/
__________
_ __________
________ _______
=

=
S
$
:Ea;
P-edict the !u"! e++icienc6
The pump,s e''iciency is directly related to its speci'ic speed. F''iciency increases as
speci'ic speed increases. 5lso, as shown in %igure #8, the e''iciency increases as 'low
rate increase, this means that larger pumps at the same speci'ic speed are more
e''icient. . %or impeller si=es larger than #0> the e''ect o' si=e or increased 'low rate is
small and generally insigni'icant. %or impeller si=es 8> and less , the penalty 'or smaller
si=es is se)ere.
The e''iciency predicted &y the chart in is %igure #8 is @@@@@@@.
Suction !eci+ic !eed %S(
Suction speci'ic speed is a num&er that is dimensionally similar to the pump speci'ic
speed and is used as a guide to pre)ent ca)itation.
75 . 0
) ( . . . .
) ( ) (
fluid ft H S P $
USgpm Q rpm $
S
#

=
:#0;
3nstead o' using the total head o' the pump , the N.P.S..
5
*Net Positi)e Suction ead
a)aila&le- is used. 5lso i' the pump is a dou&le suction pump then the 'low )alue to &e
used is one hal' the total pump output.
The ydraulic 3nstitute recommends that the suction speci'ic speed &e limited to +$00.
Some pump manu'actures limit this )alue to #0,000B#2,000.
__________
__________
_________ ________
= S
:#0a;
Total head, N.P.S.. and other calculations!#9
Tho"a ca/itation !a-a"ete-
H
H S P $ . . . .
=
:##;
The Thoma ca)itation parameter is non dimensional and has &een used to predict the
onset o' ca)itation *see %igure #/-. 2se this num&er to )eri'y that this pump will ha)e
su''icient N.P.S..5. to operate properly.
__________
_________
________ . . . . .
= = =
H
# H S P $

:##a;
<. Calculate the te"!e-atu-e -ie o+ the +luid 8ithin the !u"! and co"!a-e 8ith
the "a=i"u" -eco""ended
.ecause the transmission o' power &etween the impeller and the 'luid is ine''icient, heat
is generated, when the process is )ery ine''icient such as at low 'lows allot o' heat is
generated. The pump manu'acturer,s limit the amount o' temperature rise to #$ %. The
temperature rise will depend on the total head, the speci'ic heat o' the 'luid *water is #
.T2?l&B%- and the e''iciency at the operating point.
To calculate the temperature rise7

=
) / ( 778
) (
) (
F lb %&U Cp
ft H
F &
:#2;
_________
_______ _____ 778
__________
) ( =

= F &
:#2a;
Total head, N.P.S.. and other calculations!#+
$. Calculate the !-eu-e ahead o+ the cont-ol /al/e uin& "ethod 1
3t is important to (now the pressure Oust at the inlet o' a control )al)e. This in'ormation is
required to si=e the )al)e and ensure that it will control properly and a)oid ca)itation.
Method 1
Cethod # consists o' calculating the pressure at the inlet o' the control )al)e &y ma(ing
use o' the total head o' the pump and the 'riction loss and ele)ation di''erence &etween
the inlet o' the system and point 9, the inlet o' the )al)e.

P
*see equation :#3;- is the pressure head o' any point we choose on the discharge
side o' the pump *see re'erence #-.
H H H H
g
v v z H z
' P F ' EQ ' ' '
= + + + +

( ) ( ) ( )
1 1 1
2 2
1 1
1
2
:#3;
3n our case point P will &e point 9 or the point Oust at the inlet o' the control )al)e.
) ( ) (
2
1
) (
7 1 1
2
7
2
1 7 1 7 1 7
z H z v v
g
H H H H
EQ F P
+ + + + =

:#8;
Figure 0 2osition of point 36 the inlet of the control valve.
Total head, N.P.S.. and other calculations!#E
The )alue o' the pressure head at point 9 depends on the total head o' the pump minus
the pipe and equipment head loss &etween points # and 9 minus the di''erence in
)elocity head &etween points # and 9 and minus the ele)ation di''erence &etween the
two same points.
Ance again most o' the data required to calculate the pressure at point 9 has already
&een calculated.
P-eu-e head lo due to !i!e +-iction
SECTION #LO$
%US&al'"in(
DIA
%in(
)ELOCIT*
%+t'(
H
#P
'L
%+t'1,, +t !i!e(
L
%+t(
H
#P
%+t +luid(
0
#
0
2
0
3
0
8
0
$
0
/
Total

%P#B9
Table 1$
P-eu-e head lo due to +ittin& +-iction
SECTION #LO$
%US&al'"in(
T*PE .T* DIA
%in(
)ELOCIT*
%+t'(
/
0
'0&
%+t +luid(
1 H
##
%+t +luid(
0
#
0
#
0
2
0
3
0
3
0
8
0
8
0
$
0
$
0
/
Total

%%#B9
Table 10
Total head, N.P.S.. and other calculations!20
P-eu-e head lo due to e;ui!"ent
SG
psi p
fluid ft H
) (
31 . 2 ) ( =
SECTION #LO$
%US&al'"in(
T*PE .T* !
%!i(
S2 !
%+t +luid(
H
E.
%+t +luid(
0
2
$00 %ilter # 3 0.E+ 9.09 9.09
0
3
Total

FH#B9
Table 1'
P-eu-e head lo due to the chec3 /al/e
SG
psi
gpm
C!
gpm
psi p

=
2
2 / 1
) (
) (
T*PE #LO$
%US&al'"in(
.T* DIA
%in(
C)%&!"'!i
1'0
( S2 !
%!i(
H
chec3
%+t +luid(
Tilting disc
Table 1
Static head
4
1
4
>
4
1
9 4
>
%+t +luid(
)elocit6 head di++e-ence 7et8een !oint 1 and >
/
1
/
>
/
1
0
'0& /
0
>
'0& /
0
1
'0& 9 /
>
0
'0& %+t +luid(
Tan3 !-eu-e head at the inlet o+ the 6te"
H
1
%+t +luid(
Total head, N.P.S.. and other calculations!2#
Calculation -eult %"ethod 1 9 !-eu-e at the cont-ol /al/e inlet(
The sign in the second column 'ollows the signs o' the terms in equation :#/;.

Co"!onent Si&n %+t +luid( Reult
Total head K
P

Pipe 'riction head loss B
%P#B9

%ittings 'riction head loss B
%%#B9

Fquipment 'riction head loss B
FH#B9

Chec( )al)e head loss B
CFCD

Total static head K =
#
L =
9
Jelocity head di''erence K )
2
#
?2g L )
9
2
?2g
Tan( pressure head K
#

Pressure head at the control )al)e *'t 'luid- I
9

Pressure at the control )al)e *psig- I p
9

Table 11 .ummary of the results of the pressure calculation at point 3.
Total head, N.P.S.. and other calculations!22
$. Calculate the !-eu-e ahead o+ the cont-ol /al/e uin& "ethod 0
Method 0
Cethod 2 consists o' calculating the pressure at the inlet o' the control )al)e &y ma(ing
use o' the 'riction loss and ele)ation di''erence &etween the outlet o' the system and
point 9, the inlet o' the )al)e.

P
*equation :#9; is the pressure o' any point we choose on the discharge side o' the
pump.
) ( ) (
2
1
2 2
2 2
2 2 2 ' ' EQ' F' '
z H z v v
g
H H H + + + + =

:#9;
3n our case point P will &e point 9 or the point Oust at the inlet o' the control )al)e.
) ( ) (
2
1
7 2 2
2
7
2
2 2 7 2 7 7
z H z v v
g
H H H
EQ F
+ + + + =

:#+;
The )alue o' the pressure head at point 9 will depend on the pipe and equipment loss
&etween points 9 and 2 *the outlet- plus the di''erence in )elocity heads &etween points
2 and 9 and plus the ele)ation di''erence &etween the two same points. Notice that with
this method we do not consider the total head o' the pump.
The pressure at point 9 is dictated &y the 'low rate. The 'luid particles that are ahead o'
point 9 do not (now that they ha)e gotten to that point than(s to the energy supplied &y
the pump, all that they see is that they ha)e arri)ed at point 9 with a certain amount o'
pressure and )elocity. "e can there'ore do an energy &alance &etween points 9 and 2
and 'ind out what the pressure at point 9 has to &e to maintain the pressure and )elocity
energy at this point.
Pressure head loss due to pipe 'riction
SECTION #LO$
%US&al'"in(
DIA
%in(
)ELOCIT*
%+t'(
H
#P
'L
%+t'1,, +t !i!e(
L
%+t(
H
#P>50
%+t +luid(
0
9
Total

%P9B2
Table 13
Total head, N.P.S.. and other calculations!23
P-eu-e head lo due to +ittin& +-iction
SECTION #LO$
%US&al'"in(
T*PE .T* DIA
%in(
)ELOCIT*
%+t'(
/
0
'0&
%+t +luid(
1 H
##>50
%+t +luid(
0
9
Total

%%9B2
Table 14
P-eu-e head lo due to e;ui!"ent
SG
psi p
fluid ft H
) (
31 . 2 ) ( =
SECTION #LO$
%US&al'"in(
T*PE .T* !
%!i(
S2 !
%+t +luid(
H
E.>50
%+t +luid(
0
9
Total

FH9B2
Table 1#
Total tatic head
4
>
4
0
4
0
54
>
%+t +luid(
)elocit6 head di++e-ence 7et8een !oint > and 0
/
>
/
0
/
>
0
'0& /
0
0
'0& /
0
0
'0& 9 /
>
0
'0& %+t +luid(
Tan3 !-eu-e head at the outlet o+ the 6te"
H
0


%+t +luid(
Total head, N.P.S.. and other calculations!28
Calculation -eult %"ethod 0 9 !-eu-e at the cont-ol /al/e inlet(
The sign in the second column 'ollows the signs o' the terms in equation :#+;.
Co"!onent Si&n %+t +luid( Reult
Pipe 'riction head loss K
%P9B2

%ittings 'riction head loss K
%%9B2

Fquipment 'riction head loss K
FH9B2

Static head K =
2
L =
9
Jelocity head di''erence K )
2
2
?2g L )
9
2
?2g
Tan( pressure head K
2

Pressure head at the control )al)e *'t
'luid-
I
9

Pressure at the control )al)e *psig- I p
9

Table $( 7esults of the pressure calculation at point 3.
Total head, N.P.S.. and other calculations!2$
S6"7ol
)a-ia7le no"enclatu-e I"!e-ial 6te"
%#PS unit(
Met-ic 6te"
%SI unit(
head 't *'eet- m *meter-

P
total tead 't *'eet- m *meter-

FH#B2
equipment 'riction head loss
&etween points # and 2
't *'eet- m *meter-

%#B2
'riction head loss in pipes &etween
points # and 2
't *'eet- m *meter-

5
atmospheric pressure head 't *'eet- m *meter-

)a
)apor pressure head 't *'eet- m *meter-
p pressure psi *pound per square
inch-
(Pa *(iloPascal-
SG speci'ic gra)ityQ ratio o' the 'luid
density to the density o' water at
standard conditions
nonBdimensional
N
S
Speci'ic speed
S Suction speci'ic speed
c
p
Speci'ic heat .T2?l&B% DJ?(gBC
Thoma ca)itation parameter nonBdimensional
q 'low rate gpm *gals.?min- 0?min *liters?mi-
) )elocity 't?s *'eet?second- m?s *meter?second-
g acceleration due to gra)ity, 32.#9
't?s
2
't?s
2
*'eet?second
squared-
m?s
2
*meter?second
squared-
8 vertical position 't *'eet- m *meter-
Table $1 Variable nomenclature.
Figure ' 5omenclature
Total head, N.P.S.. and other calculations!2/
Re+e-ence
#. Pump System 5nalysis and Centri'ugal Pump Si=ing &y J. Chaurette pu&lished &y
http7??www.lightmypump.com?pump@&oo(.htm, January2003
2. Standards &y the ydraulic 3nstitute, New Jersey www.pumps.org
3. The Cameron ydraulic data &oo( &y 3ngersoll Rand
Total head, N.P.S.. and other calculations!29
Figure CV coefficients for check valves %source Trueline Valve Corp&.
Total head, N.P.S.. and other calculations!2+
Figure 1 2iping pressure head losses %source Cameron
!ydraulic data book&.
Total head, N.P.S.. and other calculations!2E
Figure 3 2iping pressure head losses %source Cameron
!ydraulic data book&.
Total head, N.P.S.. and other calculations!30
Figure 4 9ntrance pressure head loss : coefficients %source
Cameron !ydraulic data book&.
Total head, N.P.S.. and other calculations!3#
Figure # 2ressure head loss : coefficients for fittings %source the
!ydraulic "nstitute .tandards book www.pumps.org&.
Total head, N.P.S.. and other calculations!32
Figure 1( 2ressure head loss : coefficients for manual valves and
other devices %source the !ydraulic "nstitute .tandards book
www.pumps.org&.
Total head, N.P.S.. and other calculations!33
Figure 11 ;tmospheric pressure vs. elevation %source the !ydraulic
"nstitute .tandards book www.pumps.org&.
Total head, N.P.S.. and other calculations!38
Figure 1$ 2roperties of water %source the !ydraulic "nstitute .tandards
book www.pumps.org&.
Total head, N.P.S.. and other calculations!3$
Figure 10 9lectric motor frame 59-; standard designations with respect to
horsepower.
Total head, N.P.S.. and other calculations!3/
Figure 1' 9fficiency values for pumps of similar construction at different specific speeds.
Total head, N.P.S.. and other calculations!39
Total head, N.P.S.. and other calculations!3+
Figure 1 .pecific speed values for the different pump designs.
%source: the !ydraulic "nstitute .tandards book6 see www.pumps.org&
Total head, N.P.S.. and other calculations!3E
Figure 11 The Thoma number vs. specific speed and suction specific speed to predict
cavitation %source: the 2ump !andbook6 -c<raw*!ill&.
Total head, N.P.S.. and other calculations!80
Figure 13 .elected pump characteristic curve %source the <ould pump
catalogue www.goulds.com&.
igure 14 The -oody diagram6 friction factor vs. 7eynolds number for laminar and turbulent flow at various pipe roughness*
values.