Lack of physical activity is a serious problem in Australia and many other countries. Current figures indicate only (2)____ of women and (3)___of men do sufficient physical activity to maintain good health. A recent study by cobaic,vos investigated a range of intervention strategies. The six intervention strategies selected include GP prescription which involves screening patients when they visit their (12)___ and the estimated cost is (14)___.
Lack of physical activity is a serious problem in Australia and many other countries. Current figures indicate only (2)____ of women and (3)___of men do sufficient physical activity to maintain good health. A recent study by cobaic,vos investigated a range of intervention strategies. The six intervention strategies selected include GP prescription which involves screening patients when they visit their (12)___ and the estimated cost is (14)___.
Lack of physical activity is a serious problem in Australia and many other countries. Current figures indicate only (2)____ of women and (3)___of men do sufficient physical activity to maintain good health. A recent study by cobaic,vos investigated a range of intervention strategies. The six intervention strategies selected include GP prescription which involves screening patients when they visit their (12)___ and the estimated cost is (14)___.
Website: http://oetonline.com.au Email: oetonline@gmail.com 1 Task 2 Physical Activity Part A Summary Gap Fill Time Limit: 15 minutes Instructions Complete the following summary using the information in the texts for this task. Skim and scan the texts to find the information required. Gaps may require 1, 2 or 3 words. Write your answers in the appropriate space in the column on the right hand side. Make sure your spelling is correct. Summary Answers 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. 11. 12. 13. 14.
Promoting Physical Activity
In Australia and many other (1) ____countries, lack of physical activity in a serious problem. Current figures indicate that only (2)____ of women and (3)____of men do sufficient physical activity to maintain good health. Insufficient physical activity (4)____of various (5)____ including heart disease , stroke, diabetes and obesity. In addition, it places a significant burden on the (6)____ due to the costs of treatment, (7)____and reduced quality of life.
To address this situation, a recent study by Cobaic, Vos and (8)____investigated the (9)____of a range of intervention strategies designed to (10)____the Australian public of the advantages of regular (11)____.
The six intervention strategies selected include GP prescription which involves screening patients when they visit their (12)____. This is effective for the (13) ___age group and the estimated cost is (14)____. Another intervention strategy is a mass media-based campaign involving various forms of mass media such as (15)____.
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Other aspects of this campaign are promotional material and (16)____. The advantage of this strategy is that it will reach (17) ____of the 25~60 population. The cheapest intervention strategy was found to be the (18)_____ but it only reaches (19) ____of the population over 15. (20)_______was found to be an effective strategy for urban areas but it was the (21)____ in terms of cost at $412 million.
From a health sector perspective, the results of the study are encouraging as there are (22)____in costs for treatment for several major diseases. Therefore intervention to promote physical activity should be encouraged (23)____variability of evidence regarding the (24)____of intervention as well as (25) ___regarding the long-term prospects of behavioural changes. Overall improvement in (26)____ while saving costs are major benefits of this strategy.
TOTAL SCORE
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This resource was developed by OET Online Website: http://oetonline.com.au Email: oetonline@gmail.com 3 Part A Time Limit: 15 minutes
Instructions Complete the summary on the answer page using the information in the four texts below. Skim and scan the texts to find the information required. Write your answers in the appropriate space in the column on the right hand side. Make sure your spelling is correct.
Promoting Physical Activity
Text A
Title: Cost-Effectiveness of Interventions to Promote Physical Activity Linda J. Cobiac, Theo Vos, Jan J. Barendregt (2009)
Objective To determine the cost-effectiveness of various intervention strategies aimed at informing the Australian public of the benefits of physical activity and derive the optimal pathway for implementation. Method Based on evidence of intervention efficacy in the physical activity literature and evaluation of the health sector costs of intervention and disease treatment, we model the cost impacts and health outcomes of six physical activity interventions, over the lifetime of the Australian population. Results Intervention to encourage an increase in physical activity participation is highly recommended in Australia. Potential reductions in costs of treating ischaemic heart disease, stroke, diabetes, breast cancer, and colon cancer mean that there is a high probability of cost-savings from a health sector perspective. Conclusions: Intervention to promote physical activity is recommended as a public health measure. Despite substantial variability in the quantity and quality of evidence on intervention effectiveness, and uncertainty about the long-term sustainability of behavioural changes, it is highly likely that as a combination of interventions could lead to substantial improvement in population health at a cost saving to the health sector.
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This resource was developed by OET Online Website: http://oetonline.com.au Email: oetonline@gmail.com 4 Text B Intervention strategies GP prescription. Patients are screened opportunistically when visiting their general practice; inactive patients receive a physical activity prescription from the GP and follow-up phone call(s) from an exercise physiologist. GP referral to exercise physiologist. Screening questionnaires are mailed to all patients on the GP patient list; inactive patients are invited to attend a series of counselling sessions with an exercise physiologist at their local general practice. Mass media-based campaign. A six-week campaign combines physical activity promotion via mass media(television, radio, newspaper, etc.), distribution of promotional materials, and community events and activities. TravelSmart. An active transport program targets households with tailored information (e.g., maps of local walking paths, bus timetables) and merchandise (e.g., water bottles, key rings) as an incentive and/or reward for reducing use of cars for transport. Pedometers. A community program encourages use of pedometers as a motivational tool to increase physical activity (e.g., to 10,000 steps per day). Internet. Participants are recruited via mass media to access physical activity information and advice across the internet via a Web site and/or email.
Text C Effects of Physical Inactivity Physical activity occurs during work, transport, domestic, and leisure-time activities. Too little physical activity increases the risks of ischaemic heart disease, stroke, colon cancer, breast cancer, and type 2 diabetes, as well as obesity and falls in later life. The World Health Organization recommends at least 30 minutes of regular, moderate- intensity physical activity on most days to reduce the risk of disease and injury. Lack of physical activity is a problem in many developed countries, and a growing concern for developing countries adopting a progressively Westernised lifestyle. Australia is no exception, with only 44% of men and 36% of women achieving sufficient physical activity for health. This inactivity contributes 7% of Australias disease burden and 10% of all deaths, mostly due to cardiovascular disease and diabetes. It also places a substantial burden on the Australian economy through the costs of treatment for physical activityrelated disease and injury, lost productivity, and diminished quality of life.
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This resource was developed by OET Online Website: http://oetonline.com.au Email: oetonline@gmail.com 5 Text D Intervention Target Group Cost (AUS $million) GP Prescription 35% Population aged 40~79 (14) $250 GP referral to exercise physiologist. 11% Population aged over 60 $190 Mass media-based campaign 100% of population aged 25~60 $160 Internet 2% of population (internet users) aged over 15 $21 Pedometers 13% of population aged over 15 $53 TravelSmart 57 % of population in urban areas over 15 $412
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This resource was developed by OET Online Website: http://oetonline.com.au Email: oetonline@gmail.com 6 Promoting Physical Activity
Answer Sheet 1. developed 2. 36% 3. 44% 4. increase the risks 5. diseases/illnesses (not in text, necessary to deduce the word based on context. It must be plural) 6. Australian economy 7. lost productivity 8. Barendregt 9. cost-effectiveness 10. inform(necessary to change verb form for grammatical correctness) 11. physical activity 12. general practice/practitioner/doctor 13. 40~79 14. $250 million (must include million) 15. television, radio, newspaper 16. community events 17. 100% 18. Internet 19. 2% 20. Travel Smart 21. most expensive/dearest/ (need to deduce meaning) 22. potential reduction 23. despite 24. effectiveness 25. uncertainty 26. population health OET Online OET Preparation Material
This resource was developed by OET Online Website: http://oetonline.com.au Email: oetonline@gmail.com 7 Part A Time Limit: 15 minutes
Instructions Complete the summary on the answer page using the information in the four texts below. Skim and scan the texts to find the information required. Write your answers in the appropriate space in the column on the right hand side. Make sure your spelling is correct.
Promoting Physical Activity
Text A
Title: Cost-Effectiveness of Interventions to Promote Physical Activity Linda J. Cobiac, Theo Vos, Jan J. (8)Barendregt (2009)
Objective To determine the (9) cost-effectiveness of various intervention strategies aimed at (10)informing the Australian public of the benefits of (11)physical activity and derive the optimal pathway for implementation. Method Based on evidence of intervention efficacy in the physical activity literature and evaluation of the health sector costs of intervention and disease treatment, we model the cost impacts and health outcomes of six physical activity interventions, over the lifetime of the Australian population. Results Intervention to encourage an increase in physical activity participation is highly recommended in Australia. (22)Potential reductions in costs of treating ischaemic heart disease, stroke, diabetes, breast cancer, and colon cancer mean that there is a high probability of cost-savings from a health sector perspective. Conclusions: Intervention to promote physical activity is recommended as a public health measure. (23)Despite substantial variability in the quantity and quality of evidence on intervention (24)effectiveness, and (25)uncertainty about the long-term sustainability of behavioural changes, it is highly likely that as a combination of interventions could lead to substantial improvement in (26)population health at a cost saving to the health sector.
OET Online OET Preparation Material
This resource was developed by OET Online Website: http://oetonline.com.au Email: oetonline@gmail.com 8 Text B Intervention strategies GP prescription. Patients are screened opportunistically when visiting their (12)general practice; inactive patients receive a physical activity prescription from the GP and follow-up phone call(s) from an exercise physiologist. GP referral to exercise physiologist. Screening questionnaires are mailed to all patients on the GP patient list; inactive patients are invited to attend a series of counselling sessions with an exercise physiologist at their local general practice. Mass media-based campaign. A six-week campaign combines physical activity promotion via mass media (15) (television, radio, newspaper, etc.), distribution of promotional materials, and (16)community events and activities. TravelSmart. An active transport program targets households with tailored information (e.g., maps of local walking paths, bus timetables) and merchandise (e.g., water bottles, key rings) as an incentive and/or reward for reducing use of cars for transport. Pedometers. A community program encourages use of pedometers as a motivational tool to increase physical activity (e.g., to 10,000 steps per day). (18)Internet. Participants are recruited via mass media to access physical activity information and advice across the internet via a Web site and/or email.
Text C Effects of Physical Inactivity Physical activity occurs during work, transport, domestic, and leisure-time activities. Too little physical activity (4)increases the risks of ischaemic heart disease, stroke, colon cancer, breast cancer, and type 2 diabetes, as well as obesity and falls in later life. The World Health Organization recommends at least 30 minutes of regular, moderate-intensity physical activity on most days to reduce the risk of disease and injury. Lack of physical activity is a problem in many (1)developed countries, and a growing concern for developing countries adopting a progressively Westernised lifestyle. Australia is no exception, with only (3)44% of men and (2)36% of women achieving sufficient physical activity for health. This inactivity contributes 7% of Australias disease burden and 10% of all deaths, mostly due to cardiovascular disease and diabetes. It also places a substantial burden on the (6)Australian economy through the costs of treatment for physical activityrelated disease and injury, (7)lost productivity, and diminished quality of life.
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This resource was developed by OET Online Website: http://oetonline.com.au Email: oetonline@gmail.com 9 Text D Intervention Target Group Cost (AUS $million) GP Prescription 35% Population aged (13)40~79 (14) $250 GP referral to exercise physiologist. 11% Population aged over 60 $190 Mass media-based campaign (17)100% of population aged 25~60 $160 Internet (19)2% of population (internet users) aged over 15 $21 Pedometers 13% of population aged over 15 $53 (20)TravelSmart 57 % of population in urban areas over 15 $412