MMG 3033 HUMAN COMPUTER

INTERACTION
HCI QUESTION

NAME: NOR ARINAH HANANI BINTI YOSOF
MATRIC NO: D20131064007
GROUP: B
LECTURERS NAME: MISS AMILY SHAFILA BINTI SHARIFF



Question 1
What is the definition of HCI? Please give 2 examples.
Answer:
HCI is a study of the relationship which exists between human users and the computer system
they use in the performance of their various tasks.
Examples of HCI: 1) The using of mouse to control the cursor in computer.
2) Visual view in computer to choose the options or fill the form.
Question 2
Why cognitive is important in HCI? Explain the process sensory memory, short term memory,
working memory and long term memory.
Answer:
Cognitive is important in HCI because it can study how information is processed and
represented in the mind. It also can be used to describe the interpretation of information in the
human mind. The users knowledge about the capabilities and limitations can also be provide. It
does also facilitate the interaction between user and computer.
Sensory memory is an area of conscious memory that deals with information from the sense.
Examples: Sight from the point of view sound heard from the ear, and flavor tasted by the
tongue.
Short term memory (STM) is an area of memory that is capable to hold limited information for
a very short period of time. STM has limited capacity. Information stored in STM can be
accessed rapidly and information stored in STM also decay rapidly.
Examples: Carrying over a number in a subtraction sum, or remembering a persuasive
argument until another person finishes talking.

Working memory is the concentrated stream of incoming knowledge, which is available until
we pay our attention to another subject. For instance if you suddenly try to answer the
question, unless you already passed the information to your long-term memory you will forget
where you were in the text at that moment. If brain does not pass to the final stage of
recording from working memory, the information is lost when the attention is distracted. a
capacity- and time-limited store, located in the frontal lobes, the function of which is in actively
updating and manipulating representations, switching and dividing attention between tasks,
selection of relevant information, and inhibition of irrelevant information.
Examples: Focusing on and following a conversation, getting to work on time, and sustaining
focus and interest throughout lectures.

Long term memory (LTM) is an area of memory where information is stored and can be
retrieved over very long periods of time. The capacity of LTM is infinite. Time is needed to
retrieve information stored in LTM. Information stored in LTM can become less accessible after
a long period of time.
Example: Name, date of birth and others important information.

Question 3

In designing a system, game or any relevant tasks, there is needed for a task analysis. Explain
the task analysis that you have implemented in your game project.

Answer:









Drawed the topic of game we have to build.
Discuss with the group members about what the
game is suitable for to be design.
Make research about the game and find the suitable
source and suitble chracter to be used in the game.
Draw the storyboard of the game.
Build the game with suitable software
Question 4

By using Interaction Framework, explain in details with examples for:
a. System
b. User
c. Input
d. Output

Answers:

a. System
The System is wholly in charge of processing and returning
data. The System is said to exist within the core.

b. User
The User maintains the responsibility to formulate intentions
and establish goals. The User is said to have control over tasks.

c. Input
Input is used to make sure that the User can be able to communicate with the system.

d. Output
The Output language renders in the new state by the system and sends it to the user.

Question 5

Explain the rules of interface design.

Answers:
The rules of interface design is known as 8 Golden Rules of Interface Design
1) Strive for consistency
Consistent sequences of actions should be required in similar situations; identical
terminology should be used in prompts, menus, and help screens; and consistent color,
layout, capitalization, fonts, and so on should be employed throughout. Exceptions, such
as required confirmation of the delete command or no echoing of passwords, should be
comprehensible and limited in number.


2) Enable frequent users to use shortcuts
As the frequency of use increases, so do the user's desires to reduce the number of
interactions and to increase the pace of interaction. Abbreviations function keys, hidden
commands, and macro facilities are very helpful to an expert user.
3) Offer informative feedback
For every action there should be system feedback. This feedback should be proportional
to the seriousness of the action, with minor incidents flagged by undisruptive feedback
and major system events indicated by eye-grabbing feedback, such as serious error
messages.
4) Design dialog to yield closure
Sequences of actions should be organized into groups with a beginning, middle, and
end. The informative feedback at the completion of a group of actions gives the
operators the satisfaction of accomplishment, a sense of relief, the signal to drop
contingency plans and options from their minds, and an indication that the way is clear
to prepare for the next group of actions
5) Offer simple error handling
A good interface reduces errors, there can be many ways of doing so such as use
selection instead of freestyle typing. A person may commit a typo while freestyle typing.
So, selection is a good way of reducing that error. Many search engines like Google use
technology called AJAX which is used for automatic completion as we are typing in the
query. An error massage also should be positive tone and most importantly specific.
6) Permit easy reversal of actions
This feature relieves anxiety, since the user knows that errors can be undone; it thus
encourages exploration of unfamiliar options. In applications this refers to the undo
functionality, but on the web it could mean for example that removing items from
shopping cart should not require going to another page. Of course the same goes both
ways: if the user removes something by mistake, it would be nice to have a list of
recently removed items for easy re-adding.
7) Support internal locus of control
Experienced users strongly desire the sense that they are in charge of the interface and
that the interface responds to their actions. They dont want surprises or changes in
familiar behavior, and they are annoyed by tedious data-entry sequences, difficulty in
obtaining necessary information, and inability to produce their desired result.
8) Reduce short-term memory load
Based on what we know about how people store and remember information, the power
of the computer interface should help users from having to remember information
while using the computer. Therefore, interfaces should be as simple as possible with
information condensed, categorized and as much help offered to memories and become
a fait with system operations when users navigate through the digital space.

Question 6

Why do we need documentations or online tutorial in HCI?

Answers:

Documentations or online tutorial are needed in HCI because:
User-friendly
An HCI is said to be user-friendly as the user does not need to learn commands and can
click on icons and menus using the pointer. This means that the HCI will be quicker to
use.
Low in cost
Online support is relatively inexpensive to produce, distribute, and update once initial
procedures have been stabilized and adopted by project teams.
Help users easily
Readily accessible Help keys or a command-button to access on-line help messages
compared paper use documents.

Question 7

What is the diff between collaborative learning and cooperative learning?
Answers:

Collaborative
Learning
A group of students discussing a
topic
Connected to the social
constructionist's view that
knowledge is a social construct
Cooperative
Learning
Students work together in small
groups on a structured activity.
They are individually accountable
for their work, and the work of the
group as a whole is also assessed
The methodology of choice for
foundational knowledge
Question 8

What is meant by CSCW in HCI?

Answers:

Computer Supported Cooperative Work (CSCW) is the study how people work together using
computer technology. Typical topics include use of email, hypertext that includes awareness of
the activities of other users, videoconferencing, chat system, and real-time shared applications,
such as collaborative writing or drawing.

CSCW is a generic term, which combines the understanding of the way people work in groups
with the enabling technologies of computer networking, and associated hardware, software,
services and techniques.

Question 9

Why is it important to have ergonomics aspect in HCI?

Answers:

Ergonomics good at defining standards and guidelines for constraining the way we
design certain aspects of systems.
A better product image can be design.
Improving worker performance and satisfaction.
Allows for direct measurement of cognitive complexity.
The fit between the human, the computer and the tasks set by the organization can be
constantly examining.
Relatively low cost, enabling the researcher to gain a large amount of data.
Cognitive workload work redesign can be well managed.
Human reliability can be increase.







Question 10

What are meant by interaction styles and examples for interaction styles?

Answers:

Interaction Styles refers to all the ways the user can communicate or otherwise interact with
the computer system.

Examples of interaction style:

After the example with "ed" text editor, you may conclude that the interaction style is
which makes the difference.
An installation program based on direct manipulation style. If you click on the right
place, you will be congratulated.
Pros and Cons.
Microsoft Word allows you to customize the menu structure and functions as you like.
The structure can be stored to a file, so you can have different menus for different
documents (select customize from the Tools-menu).








The Unix system
When saving a file, a dialogue box is displayed to allow the user to specify the filename
and location. Once the file is saved, the box disappears.
Contemporary menu selection
(Notepad by Microsoft Cooperation)