BETE3414 1 Brief introduction of myself y Ahmad Nizam bin Mohd Jahari @ Mohd Johari Ahmad Nizam bin Mohd Jahari @ Mohd Johari Department of Electronics & Computer Engineering Technology (JTKEK) (JTKEK) Faculty of Engineering Technology (FTK) Universiti Teknikal Malaysia Melaka (UTeM) Office : BP-62 Tel. : 06-2346537 (office) 012-2740389 (hp) 012 2740389 (hp) Email : ahmad.nizam@utem.edu.my Web : www.utem.edu.my/myweb/ahmad.nizam a : Ahmad Nizam Mohd Jahari BETE3414 2 a : Ahmad Nizam Mohd Jahari http://ulearn.utem.edu.my/ COURSE OUTCOME At the end of this course, you are expected to be able to: 1) Illustrate the operating principles of pneumatic directional 1) Illustrate the operating principles of pneumatic directional control valve and estimate its size based on system specifications 2) Illustrate the operating principles of pneumatic linear li d d ti t it i b d t cylinder and estimate its size based on system specifications 3) design discrete pneumatic circuit by applying sequential technique and pneumatic logics q p g 4) design discrete pneumatic circuit by applying pneumatic cascade design technique and pneumatic logics 5) design discrete electro-pneumatic circuit applying cascade design technique and relay ladder logics cascade design technique and relay ladder logics 6) explain the operating principles and calculate properties of industrial air compression, air treatment and distribution. 7) Synthesize course knowledge into an effective course BETE3414 3 ) y g assignment either individually or in group. TOPICS What and When No Topics Week No Topics Week 1 Intro. to Industrial Pneumatics 1 2 Pneumatic Symbols and Logics 2 2 Pneumatic Symbols and Logics 2 3 Directional Control Valve 3 - 4 4 Linear Cylinder 5 6 4 Linear Cylinder 5 - 6 5 Sequential Design Technique 7 - 9 6 Pneumatic Cascade Design 10 11 6 Pneumatic Cascade Design 10 -11 7 Electro-pneumatic Cascade Design 12 - 13 8 Ai C i S t 14 15 BETE3414 4 8 Air Compression System 14 - 15 EVALUATION Final Exam 40 % Test 1 8 % Lab Test x2 16 % Short Report x5 20 % Short Report x5 20 % Long Report x1 6 % Assignment + Presentation 10 % BETE3414 5 TOTAL 100 % LABORATORY (BENE4781) What and When Location: Makmal Pneumatik Dan Hidraulik (JTKE) Lab No Topics Week 1 Direct and Indirect Command Operation *3 2 Combinational Pneumatic Logics *5 3 Sequential Design Technique *7 Lab Test 1 *9 4 Cascade Design Technique *11 5 El i C d D i T h i *13 5 Electro-pneumatic Cascade Desing Technique *13 Lab Test 2 *15 BETE3414 6 * Subject to change COURSE REFERENCE Smct.Pt1, Pneumatic Technology 1, Textbook, SMC, Graphitype Printing Services, 1998J. A th E it Fl id P ith Anthony Esposito, Fluid Power with Applications, 6th ed., Prentice Hall, 2003. Z.L. Lansky, L.F. Schrod, Industrial Pneumatic Control, Marcel Dekker Inc, 1986. BETE3414 7 BETE 3414 INDUSTRIAL PNEUMATICS INTRODUCTION TO PNEUMATICS PNEUMATICS Week 1 Week 1 BETE3414 8 Outcome of Lecture By the end of this topic, you are expected t b bl t to be able to: Describe the advantages and disad antages of ind st ial act ato s disadvantages of industrial actuators: servomotor, hydraulics and pneumatics Explain absolute pressure and Explain absolute pressure and temperature, and convert gage readings to absolute readings (and vice versa) to absolute readings (and vice versa) BETE3414 9 Pneumatics in Industry Widely used in industry Basic control closed loop system Basic control closed loop system Comparator Controller Desired Output R Actual Error Process / Comparator Controller Response Output Plant Analog Digital Analog Digital Actuators: Electrical Hydraulic Pneumatic Measurement Measured Output Feedback BETE3414 10 p Industrial Actuator Electrical Servomotor - still the actuator of choice - still the actuator of choice Actuator Advantage Disadvantage Servomotor High accuracy Complex system Stiffness: Linear Expensive system excellent repeatabilty p y Versatility: position Lowpower to weight Versatility: position tracking and control, force control Low power to weight ratio BETE3414 11 Industrial Actuator Hydraulics - Used to be the actuator of choice - Used to be the actuator of choice Actuator Advantage Disadvantage Hydraulics Good accuracy Messy (leak) Stiffness: Considered Expensive to non-compressible good linearization p maintain e.g. return piping Effi i t f L til th Efficient force multiplication Less versatile than servomotor BETE3414 12 Fluid Power: Hydraulics and Pneumatics Pneumatics Difference in Properties Properties Liquid Gas Volume Own Volume Depends on Container S C f Shape Depends on Container upto Volume Expand to fill container Compressibility Practically: Not Yes Compressibility Practically: Not (Good Stiffness) Yes (Low Stiffness) BETE3414 13 Why Pneumatics Advantage of Pneumatics over Hydraulics 1 Availability: Most factories have it 1 Availability: Most factories have it 2 No return piping (circulation) 3 Clean: esp during maintenance leak 3 Clean: esp during maintenance, leak 4 Simplicity / Flexibility: process change 5 Compliant Actuation 5 Compliant Actuation BETE3414 14 Why Not Disadvantage of Pneumatics 1 Less accurate: Pneumatic system is highly nonlinear: compressibility, frictions and flow t rate 2 Sluggish: compressibility of air 3 C i i t i t d 3 Corrosive: air contains water and oxygen 4 Not lubricative 5 Pressure limit - typically >250 psi (100 psi = 6.9 bar) BETE3414 15 Physical Properties: Unit Pressure S.I. unit: Pa S.I. unit: Pa 1 bar = 100 kPa = 10 5 Pa English unit: psi Example (conversion): 1 atmosphere pressure = 101.3 kPa = 14.7 psi Temperature Kelvin (K), Celcius (C) and Fahrenheit (F) ( ), ( ) ( ) Example (conversion): Kelvin, K = Celcius (C) + 273.15 BETE3414 16 Physical Properties: Absolute Absolute Pressure P abs = pressure relative to full vacuum Atmospheric pressure P 14 7 lb/in 2 101 325 Pa BETE3414 17 Atmospheric pressure, P atm =14.7 lb/in 2 =101 325 Pa Conversions Pressure Units d f pascal (Pa) bar (bar) technical atmosphere (at) atmosphere (atm) torr (Torr) pound-force per square inch (psi) p 1 Pa 1 N/m 2 10 5 1.019710 5 9.869210 6 7.500610 3 145.0410 6 1 bar 100,000 10 6 dyn/cm 2 1.0197 0.98692 750.06 14.5037744 1 at 98,066.5 0.980665 1 kgf/cm 2 0.96784 735.56 14.223 1 at 98,066.5 0.980665 1 kgf/cm 0.96784 735.56 14.223 1 atm 101,325 1.01325 1.0332 1 atm 760 14.696 1 torr 133.322 1.333210 3 1.359510 3 1.315810 3 1 Torr; 1 mmHg 19.33710 3 g 1 psi 6.89410 3 68.94810 3 70.30710 3 68.04610 3 51.715 1 lbf/in 2 Example reading: 1 Pa = 1 N/m 2 = 10 5 bar = 10.19710 6 at = 9.869210 6 atm, etc. BETE3414 18 Example reading: 1 Pa 1 N/m 10 bar 10.197 10 at 9.8692 10 atm, etc. Physical Properties: Absolute Absolute Temperature T abs = temperature when all molecular motion cease BETE3414 19 T abs = T (C) + 273 K Conclusion: Check Outcome List 2 advantages and disadvantages of t d h d li t t servomotor and hydraulic actuator List 3 advantages and disadvantages of pne matics compa ed to h d a lics pneumatics compared to hydraulics Convert a gage pressure to absolute pressure pressure Convert C to Kelvin, K BETE3414 20