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BETE 3414

INDUSTRIAL PNEUMATIC INDUSTRIAL PNEUMATIC


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Brief introduction of myself y
Ahmad Nizam bin Mohd Jahari @ Mohd Johari Ahmad Nizam bin Mohd Jahari @ Mohd Johari
Department of Electronics & Computer Engineering Technology
(JTKEK) (JTKEK)
Faculty of Engineering Technology (FTK)
Universiti Teknikal Malaysia Melaka (UTeM)
Office : BP-62
Tel. : 06-2346537 (office)
012-2740389 (hp) 012 2740389 (hp)
Email : ahmad.nizam@utem.edu.my
Web : www.utem.edu.my/myweb/ahmad.nizam
a : Ahmad Nizam Mohd Jahari
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a : Ahmad Nizam Mohd Jahari
http://ulearn.utem.edu.my/
COURSE OUTCOME
At the end of this course, you are expected to be able to:
1) Illustrate the operating principles of pneumatic directional 1) Illustrate the operating principles of pneumatic directional
control valve and estimate its size based on system
specifications
2) Illustrate the operating principles of pneumatic linear
li d d ti t it i b d t cylinder and estimate its size based on system
specifications
3) design discrete pneumatic circuit by applying sequential
technique and pneumatic logics q p g
4) design discrete pneumatic circuit by applying pneumatic
cascade design technique and pneumatic logics
5) design discrete electro-pneumatic circuit applying
cascade design technique and relay ladder logics cascade design technique and relay ladder logics
6) explain the operating principles and calculate properties of
industrial air compression, air treatment and distribution.
7) Synthesize course knowledge into an effective course
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) y g
assignment either individually or in group.
TOPICS
What and When
No Topics Week No Topics Week
1 Intro. to Industrial Pneumatics 1
2 Pneumatic Symbols and Logics 2 2 Pneumatic Symbols and Logics 2
3 Directional Control Valve 3 - 4
4 Linear Cylinder 5 6 4 Linear Cylinder 5 - 6
5 Sequential Design Technique 7 - 9
6 Pneumatic Cascade Design 10 11 6 Pneumatic Cascade Design 10 -11
7 Electro-pneumatic Cascade Design 12 - 13
8 Ai C i S t 14 15
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8 Air Compression System 14 - 15
EVALUATION
Final Exam 40 %
Test 1 8 %
Lab Test x2 16 %
Short Report x5 20 % Short Report x5 20 %
Long Report x1 6 %
Assignment + Presentation 10 %
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TOTAL 100 %
LABORATORY (BENE4781)
What and When
Location: Makmal Pneumatik Dan Hidraulik (JTKE)
Lab No Topics Week
1 Direct and Indirect Command Operation *3
2 Combinational Pneumatic Logics *5
3 Sequential Design Technique *7
Lab Test 1 *9
4 Cascade Design Technique *11
5 El i C d D i T h i *13 5 Electro-pneumatic Cascade Desing Technique *13
Lab Test 2 *15
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* Subject to change
COURSE REFERENCE
Smct.Pt1, Pneumatic Technology 1, Textbook,
SMC, Graphitype Printing Services, 1998J.
A th E it Fl id P ith Anthony Esposito, Fluid Power with
Applications, 6th ed., Prentice Hall, 2003.
Z.L. Lansky, L.F. Schrod, Industrial Pneumatic
Control, Marcel Dekker Inc, 1986.
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BETE 3414 INDUSTRIAL PNEUMATICS
INTRODUCTION TO
PNEUMATICS PNEUMATICS
Week 1 Week 1
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Outcome of Lecture
By the end of this topic, you are expected
t b bl t to be able to:
Describe the advantages and
disad antages of ind st ial act ato s disadvantages of industrial actuators:
servomotor, hydraulics and pneumatics
Explain absolute pressure and Explain absolute pressure and
temperature, and convert gage readings
to absolute readings (and vice versa) to absolute readings (and vice versa)
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Pneumatics in Industry
Widely used in industry
Basic control closed loop system Basic control closed loop system
Comparator Controller
Desired Output
R
Actual
Error
Process /
Comparator Controller
Response
Output Plant
Analog
Digital
Analog
Digital
Actuators:
Electrical
Hydraulic
Pneumatic
Measurement
Measured
Output
Feedback
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p
Industrial Actuator
Electrical Servomotor
- still the actuator of choice - still the actuator of choice
Actuator Advantage Disadvantage
Servomotor High accuracy Complex system
Stiffness: Linear Expensive system
excellent repeatabilty
p y
Versatility: position Lowpower to weight Versatility: position
tracking and control,
force control
Low power to weight
ratio
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Industrial Actuator
Hydraulics
- Used to be the actuator of choice - Used to be the actuator of choice
Actuator Advantage Disadvantage
Hydraulics Good accuracy Messy (leak)
Stiffness: Considered Expensive to
non-compressible
good linearization
p
maintain e.g.
return piping
Effi i t f L til th Efficient force
multiplication
Less versatile than
servomotor
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Fluid Power: Hydraulics and
Pneumatics Pneumatics
Difference in Properties
Properties Liquid Gas
Volume Own Volume Depends on
Container
S C f Shape Depends on Container
upto Volume
Expand to fill
container
Compressibility Practically: Not Yes Compressibility Practically: Not
(Good Stiffness)
Yes
(Low Stiffness)
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Why Pneumatics
Advantage of Pneumatics over Hydraulics
1 Availability: Most factories have it 1 Availability: Most factories have it
2 No return piping (circulation)
3 Clean: esp during maintenance leak 3 Clean: esp during maintenance, leak
4 Simplicity / Flexibility: process change
5 Compliant Actuation 5 Compliant Actuation
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Why Not
Disadvantage of Pneumatics
1 Less accurate: Pneumatic system is highly
nonlinear: compressibility, frictions and flow
t rate
2 Sluggish: compressibility of air
3 C i i t i t d 3 Corrosive: air contains water and oxygen
4 Not lubricative
5 Pressure limit - typically >250 psi (100 psi =
6.9 bar)
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Physical Properties: Unit
Pressure
S.I. unit: Pa S.I. unit: Pa
1 bar = 100 kPa = 10
5
Pa
English unit: psi
Example (conversion):
1 atmosphere pressure = 101.3 kPa = 14.7 psi
Temperature
Kelvin (K), Celcius (C) and Fahrenheit (F) ( ), ( ) ( )
Example (conversion):
Kelvin, K = Celcius (C) + 273.15
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Physical Properties: Absolute
Absolute Pressure
P
abs
= pressure relative to full vacuum
Atmospheric pressure P 14 7 lb/in
2
101 325 Pa
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Atmospheric pressure, P
atm
=14.7 lb/in
2
=101 325 Pa
Conversions
Pressure Units
d f
pascal
(Pa)
bar
(bar)
technical
atmosphere
(at)
atmosphere
(atm)
torr
(Torr)
pound-force
per
square inch
(psi) p
1 Pa 1 N/m
2
10
5
1.019710
5
9.869210
6
7.500610
3
145.0410
6
1 bar 100,000 10
6
dyn/cm
2
1.0197 0.98692 750.06 14.5037744
1 at 98,066.5 0.980665 1 kgf/cm
2
0.96784 735.56 14.223 1 at 98,066.5 0.980665 1 kgf/cm 0.96784 735.56 14.223
1 atm 101,325 1.01325 1.0332 1 atm 760 14.696
1 torr 133.322 1.333210
3
1.359510
3
1.315810
3
1 Torr;
1 mmHg
19.33710
3
g
1 psi 6.89410
3
68.94810
3
70.30710
3
68.04610
3
51.715 1 lbf/in
2
Example reading: 1 Pa = 1 N/m
2
= 10
5
bar = 10.19710
6
at = 9.869210
6
atm, etc.
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Example reading: 1 Pa 1 N/m 10 bar 10.197 10 at 9.8692 10 atm, etc.
Physical Properties: Absolute
Absolute Temperature
T
abs
= temperature when all molecular motion cease
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T
abs
= T (C) + 273 K
Conclusion: Check Outcome
List 2 advantages and disadvantages of
t d h d li t t servomotor and hydraulic actuator
List 3 advantages and disadvantages of
pne matics compa ed to h d a lics pneumatics compared to hydraulics
Convert a gage pressure to absolute
pressure pressure
Convert C to Kelvin, K
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