Spanish Civil War For Chain of Command Wargame Rules

Welcome to Espana!
for Chain of
Command, a free supplement which
serves as a guide to and lists for the
Spanish Civil War. The lists herein were
compiled by Jim Hale and Rolf Grein and
postedindividuallyonLardIslandNewsin
conjunctionwithanextensivepieceinthe
2013 Christmas Special. Over the
intervening months they have continued
toworkon theruleamendmentsinorder
to finetune the system to reflect the
SpanishCivilWar.
We are now at a point where combining

all of the lists into one document seems
the right thing to do in order to provide
thegamerwitheasyaccesstotheperiod.
Thisdocumentisthenetresult.
Here we have all of the lists for the

conflict which tore Spain apart between
theyearsof1936and1939andstillleaves
itslegacywithSpaintoday.Therulesand
army lists remain close to the original
principles within Chain of Command,
relying on reflecting the way in which the
troops were organised and trained to
fight. This provides us with some very
different forces and really gives us an
insightinto thestrengthsandweaknesses
oftheforcespresent.Asaresult,
Espana!forChainofCommandresultsin
a game which is fun and challenging in
equalmeasures.
As previously, my thanks must go to Jim

andRolffortheirtirelesseffortsinaquest
to find the right data through tough
research.Theirhardworkmeansthatthe
restofuscangetonwithhavingfunwith
therulestheyhaveprovided.
So, whether youre facing the sun and

shouting Arriba Espana! or manning the
barricades with a cry of No Parsaran!,
you can do so with Espana! for Chain of
Command.
RichardClarke
June2014
Page 2
SpanishForeignLegion Page4
MoroccanRegulares Page8
FalangistMilitia Page12
TraditionalistMilitias Page16
ItalianCorpoTruppeVoluntarie Page19
ItalianCTVRaggruppamentoRepartiSpecializzati Page24
BandoNacionalInfantry Page27
PenninsularArmyInfantry Page33
PenninsularArmyCavalry Page37
PeoplesMilitia Page41
5
th
RegimentSteelCompanies Page47
EjrcitoPopulardelaRepblica Page51
GuardiaAsalto,GuardiaCivil&Carabineros Page58
RulesforEspana!forChainofCommand Page61
Playsheet Page68
Page 3
!"#$%&' )$&%"' *+,#,*-$#%.-%*.
!"#$%&'( *+,-.% /."'((&01 1he secLlon sergeanL
usually dlrecLed Lhe flre of Lhe secLlon LMC. When
a Leader ls aLLached Lo a machlne gun Leam and
uses Lwo or more Command lnlLlaLlves Lo dlrecL
Lhelr flre, he may add u3 Lo Lhe Teams llrepower
dlce.

23,4" ." 56%#'%71 Leglon Leaders reduce shock by
double Lhe usual amounL (l.e. 2 polnLs per lnlLlaLlve
spenL) - See SecLlon 4.3.3.

8(4,(9 :% ." 56%#'%1 1he 'Crooms of ueaLh' are
raLed as Aggresslve. 1hey are never '8roken' (14.6),
buL lnsLead '8eLlre' 6"+2u6" and become
'plnned' or Lhey may halL and become 'plnned' on
reachlng any cover along LhaL rouLe. 1hey are
rallled as normal, buL wlLh Lhelr Leaders able Lo
make use of Lhe }vlva la MuerLe! rule above.
./01234 !567281 )78251
!"#$%&' )$&%"' %'!,'-#9
',-%"',)%.-:
The units of !" !$%&'(, like the remainder of the
Army, followed Lhe esLabllshed Spanlsh organlsaLlonal
paLLern. unllke Lhe resL of Lhe army however, each
baLLallon was already one company smaller and as
Lhey were permanenLly on acLlve servlce, Lhey were
noL reduced Lo Lhe cosL-cutting peacetime
organlsaLlonal paLLern.

1he four companles of each baLLallon ()"(*$+") were
dlvlded lnLo Lhree 8lfle Crenadler Companles
(Companlas de luslleros Cranaderos), each of Lhree
plaLoons and a Machlnegun Company (Companla de
AmeLralladoras) of Lwo plaLoons. A small Weapons
laLoon (a slngle lnfanLry gun and a Lwo-weapon
morLar secLlon) compleLed Lhe baLLallon.

!"#$%&' )$&%"' #%!)$ ;),-""'
1he plaLoon (,$--&'() was organlzed lnLo a
PeadquarLers SecLlon (./"(" 0"12+) and Lwo 8lfle
Crenadler SecLlons (.$/232($,).

1he PC SecLlon conslsLed of Lhe laLoon
Commmander, usually a llrsL or Second LleuLenanL
(4$(&$(3$ or 5/6$+$7), a laLoon 1
sL
SergeanL (8"+%$(32
.+&9$+2) and Lwo Leglonnalres (!$%&2("+&2,), who may
have been a bugler and a plaLoon clerk/runner. 1here
were also Lwo morLar squads, each servlng a slngle
30mm morLar and each conslsLlng of a Corporal
(:";2), an Cbserver-ScouL (<;,$+="*2+>?@A/2+"*2+)
and four men. lL was lnLended LhaL Lhe 1
sL
SergeanL
was Lo command Lhe Lwo morLar squads ln acLlon.

1he Lwo 8lfle-Crenadler SecLlons conslsLed of a
SergeanL (8"+%$(32), a LlghL Machlne Cun Squad
(Lscuadra de lusll-ameLralladora) of a Corporal and
four men servlng a slngle llghL machlne gun and Lwo
8lfle Crenadler Squads (Lscuadras de luslleros
Cranaderos), each of a Corporal and flve men. WlLh
Lhe excepLlon of Lhe offlcer, who carrled a plsLol, all
men carrled rlfles, alLhough some SergeanLs acqulred
an SMC.

;),-""' !"#*$ #,-%'&
+%$6."# or ;.,'%1 +10
<(=="&: >,?%: 6 lf 8egular, 3 lf LllLe
;),-""' +$,<=>,#-$#.
!"#$"#%" '$%( )$*%+, -#. /-01"#%+ 20$3"0+ '$%(
0$4,"5 6+%( -0" !"#$%& (")*"&+, !'+ 7"1$+#-0$+*
'$%( 0$4,"*8
!"#$# &$# '() *)$'&$ +,-&./ &''&0"#. ') '"# 12
?"#-,# .=>,<. "'$ @ -A"
?"#-,# .=>,<
9:33 ;+0%-0 '$%( < =0"' -#. -# >6*"0?"0@/=+A%
'$%( B 7"1$+#-0$+*5 -,, -03". '$%( 0$4,"*8
!"#$# &$# '() +#0'3)4/ 5#$ 67&'))48 #&0"
.$*-%"' +$,<=>,#-$#.
/-01"#%+5 -.#$%& (")*"& -03". '$%( 0$4," +0 /;C
!"#$# &$# '"$## +,-&./ 5#$ +#0'3)48 #&0"
#%!)$ .=>,<. "'$ -" -+#$$
)?& .=>,< #%!)$ .=>,< #%!)$ .=>,<
7;C '$%( B =0"' D
< 7"1$+#-0$+*
E 7"1$+#-0$+* E 7"1$+#-0$+*

Leglonarlos are armed wlLh bolL-acLlon rlfles.
Leglonarlos ln 8lfle Squads have Crenades.
Squads equaLe Lo 1eams for rule purposes.

Page 4
!"#$%&' )$&%"' ?,*+%'$ &>' ;),-""'
Machlne Cun laLoons provlded Lhe bulk of Lhe
supporL flrepower of a 8aLLallon. 1he company was
flelded as elLher a flre supporL company ln Lhe aLLack,
or ln a poslLlon where lL could cover Lhe remalnlng
Lhree companles of Lhe baLLallon when ln a defenslve
posLure. lf Lhlngs were golng badly however, lL could
flnd lLself ln Lhe fronLllne.

1he plaLoon ls organlsed as almosL a mlrror lmage of
Lhe 8lfle laLoon, replaclng a squad servlng a slngle
Lrlpod mounLed machlne gun for each of Lhe rlfle
grenadler squads ln Lhe oLher companles.

1he remalnlng rlfle squad ln each secLlon was Lyplcally
engaged ln asslsLlng wlLh Lhe Lransfer of ammunlLlon
and Lendlng Lo Lhe mules whlch carrled Lhe weapons
and Lhelr ammunlLlon, buL are lncluded here as a
LacLlcal unlL.

;),-""' !"#*$ #,-%'&
+%$6."# or ;.,'%1 +12
<(=="&: >,?%: 6 lf 8egular, 3 lf LllLe
;),-""' +$,<=>,#-$#.
!"#$"#%" '$%( )$*%+, -#. /-01"#%+ 20$3"0+ '$%(
0$4,"5 6+%( -0" !"#$%& (")*"&+, !'+ 7"1$+#-0$+*
'$%( 0$4,"*8
!"#$# &$# '() +#0'3)4/ 5#$ 67&'))48 #&0"
.$*-%"' +$,<=>,#-$#.
/-01"#%+5 -.#$%& (")*"& -03". '$%( 0$4," +0 /;C
!"#$# &$# '"$## +,-&./ 5#$ +#0'3)48 #&0"
#%!)$ .=>,<. "'$ -" -+#$$
??& .=>,< ??& .=>,< #%!)$ .=>,<
;FG ;;C
E =0"'
;FG ;;C
E =0"'
9 7"1$+#-0$+*

1he 7"1$+#-0$+* ln Lhe 8lfle Squad are armed
wlLh LaflLLe hand grenades and all 7"1$+#-0$+*
are armed wlLh rlfles.
Squads equate to Teams in this organlzaLlon

@A+;BC8 D;CBA8 !E//A+F DB!F
DB!F A8;
Medlcal Crderly
Ad[uLanL
8oadblock
Clvlllan Car, no crew
LnLrenchmenLs for one 1eam
Lnglneerlng 1eam, 3 men
MoloLov CockLall
A AmmunlLlon for z l or Cv 33/33
DB!F FGA
llameLhrower 1eam, 2 men
Peavy Cover barrlcade
Cne Squad of Moroccan lnfanLry acLlng as ScouLs.
re-Came 8arrage
1ruck Lo LransporL enLlre SecLlon or Low a weapon
8llbao armoured car*
DB!F FH+;;
Snlper 1eam, 2 men
70/16 lnfanLry Cun wlLh 3 Crew and a BC(&2+ !$"*$+D
ak 33/36 AnLl-Lank gun, 3 crew and BC(&2+ !$"*$+DD
Cv 33/33 or anzer Mk l**
Cff-Lable Machlne Cun llre SupporL
(E&6/$ ./"322( 2(/1)
8andom Alr SupporL
DB!F @AE+
Squad of Moroccan Cavalry ScouLs
73/28 lleld Cun, 3 crew and BC(&2+ !$"*$+DDD
81mm MorLar SecLlon wlLh observer
2cm llak 30 AA gun, 3 crew wlLh BC(&2+ !$"*$+ **
DB!F @B3;
-
DB!F !BI
73/28 lleld Cun 8aLLery wlLh observerJJJ
88mm llak 18 wlLh 3 Crew and a BC(&2+ !$"*$+D
F
**
*May only selecL one of Lhls Lype of supporL asseL.
**Cnly afLer CcLober 1936.
***Any on-Lable guns musL be deducLed from off-
Lable baLLerles as per Lhe 73mm arLlllery baLLery
noLes.
Page 5
,#?9 .>;;"#- )%.- '"-$.
MosL of Lhe supporL opLlons on Lhe llsL wlll be self-
explanaLory. All Lanks and armoured cars come wlLh a
BC(&2+ !$"*$+. vehlcles do noL have radlos. 1ransporL
only vehlcles, such as a car are slmply vehlcles, whlch
come wlLh no crew. 8emember, you wlll need Lo
allocaLe men Lo drlve Lhese.

Where SecLlons are avallable Lhey wlll always come
wlLh a BC(&2+ !$"*$+. lnfanLry 1eams rarely come wlLh
a Leader, whereas heavler supporL weapons do. 1he
llsLs show all BC(&2+ !$"*$+ asslgnmenLs where Lhey
are presenL for all Lroops barrlng vehlcles as dlscussed
above. 1he followlng supporL opLlons need some
noLes.

;),-""' "B.$#C$#D.*">-.
1he Cbserver-ScouLs operaLed as boLh plaLoon scouLs
and as observers for Lhe MorLar Squads of Lhe
plaLoon.

Cbserver-ScouLs when deployed on Lable may always
end a move ln a 1acLlcal sLance. As long as Lhey have
llne of slghL Lo any flgure ln a MorLar Squad Lhey may
spoL for lL (or boLh of Lhem lf Lhey are deployed as a
whole secLlon). As communlcaLlon lnvolves slgnallng,
when spoLLlng ln Lhls way Lhey lose Lhelr 1acLlcal
sLance.

lf wlLhln Lhe command dlsLance of any 8$(&2+ or BC(&2+
!$"*$+ of Lhelr plaLoon, Lhey may be used Lo acLlvaLe
Lhe MorLar Squads/SecLlon (lf Lhey have LCS) as lf
those squads themselves were in that Leaders
command dlsLance, for Lhe approprlaLe acLlon polnLs
(one Lo acLlvaLe Lhe scouLs and one Lo acLlvaLe Lhe
MorLar Squads). 1his allows the Platoons Leaders to
spoL for Lhe morLars when flrlng lndlrecLly.

lf on-Lable supporL weapons are ever deployed
ouLslde Lhe consLralnLs of Lhls army llsL (posslbly ln a
scenarlo game) Lhey should have Lhelr own Cbserver-
ScouLs, who can be used Lhe same way by Lhe
Platoons 8$(&2+ !$"*$+, ln respecL Lo Lhe weapon
Leam Lhey belong Lo and are acLlvaLed ln Lhe same
way as above.

EF?? ?"#-,# .=>,<
Lach squad conslsLed of a slngle valero 30mm morLar.
1he squad lncludes a weapons gunner and Lwo
loaders and ls accompanled by an Cbserver-ScouL
1eam of an Cbserver and Lwo Leglonarlos. All were
armed wlLh rlfles. use Lhe laLoon Cbserver-ScouLs
rules when flrlng. 1he 30mm morLar only flres P.L.
8ounds. lL has a minimum range of 18, but closer
Lhan LhaL Lhe crew may use Lhelr carblnes.

GH?? ?"#-,#.
Lach baLLallon morLar secLlon only had Lwo medlum
morLars ln LoLal. 1he bombardmenL area for a Lwo-
tube mortar section is 10x10 with the aiming point
aL Lhe cenLre. 8efer Lo Lhe Speclflc 8ules for Cff 1able
lorward CbservaLlon 1eams when flrlng.

"!!D-,B)$ ?,*+%'$ &>' !%#$ .>;;"#-
8efer Lo Lhe Speclflc 8ules for Cff 1able Machlne Cun
llre SupporL.

IEJKG !%$)< &>' B,--$#9
8efer Lo Lhe Speclflc 8ules for a 73/28 ArLlllery
8aLLery.

?"#"**,' %'!,'-#9 .*">-.
1he Leglon had a LradlLlon of operaLlng closely wlLh
Lhe Moroccan Lroops lL was usually brlgaded wlLh. lf
Lhls ls selecLed as a supporL opLlon, Lhe player can
fleld Lwo 3-man ScouL 1eams, each aLLached Lo a
Leglon SecLlon or speclflcally Lo a Squad as deslred.

1hese Lroops are Laken from Lhe Moroccan LlsL Lo
represenL a deLachmenL operaLlng as guldes for Lhelr
mlsslon. 1he unlL ls sub[ecL Lo Lhe Moroccan speclal
rules on LhaL llsL.

?"#"**,' *,C,)#9 .*">-.
1he Moroccan 1abors had Lhelr own Cavalry unlLs. lf
selecLed as a supporL opLlon Lhe player can fleld a
slngle Squad of Moroccan Cavalry organlsed Lhe same
way as enlnsular Army Cavalry refer Lo LhaL army
llsL for deLalls. 1hls selecLlon assumes Lhe cavalry ls
mounLed. 1hls unlL uses all Lhe Moroccan Speclal
8ules and Cavalry Speclflc 8ules.

?")"-"C *"*L-,%)
8efer Lo Lhe Speclflc 8ules for MoloLov CockLalls.

#,'<"? ,%# .>;;"#-
8efer Lo Lhe Speclflc 8ules for 8andom Alr SupporL.

.>;$#%"# &>'.%&+-.
1he Cerman 88mm llak 18 was Lhe preemlnenL
arLlllery plece of Lhe Spanlsh Clvll War. Lqulpped
wlLh excellenL opLlcs, lL galns a +1 when flrlng.

,; ,??>'%-%"'
1he z l or Cv 33/33 may be equlpped wlLh Armour
lerclng ammunlLlon. lf Laken Lhe round has an A of
1 and ammunlLlon lasLs only ln Lhe 3C+( lL ls flred.

Page 6
CuL of Lhe enLlreLy of Lhe Spanlsh Army, Lhe 4$+-&2 *$
0"++C$-2, (8eglmenL of Morocco), more famously Lo
become !" !$%&'( (1he Leglon), was Lhe besL Lralned,
besL-equlpped and mosL-moLlvaLed of all aL Lhe
beglnnlng of Lhe Clvll War. 1he force was composed
wholly of volunLeers prlor Lo Lhe Clvll War, alLhough
as casualLles mounLed, lL was necessary Lo replace
losses wlLh Lhe same conscrlpLs who fllled ouL Lhe resL
of Lhe naLlonallsL forces. Whlle Lhls led Lo a degree of
decllne ln Lhe quallLy of Leglon unlLs, ln comparlson
wlLh LhaL aL Lhe beglnnlng of Lhe confllcL, lL was Lo
remaln Lhe effecLlve ellLe spear head force of Lhe
naLlonallsL Army LhroughouL Lhe confllcL.

ln comparlson Lo Lhe resL of Lhe Army, Lhe Leglon was
Lhe only formaLlon whlch had lLs full complemenL of
personnel and lLs full allocaLlon of weapons. When
Lhese needed Lo be replaced, subsLlLuLlons had been
made from enlnsular sLocks, whlch furLher reduced
Lhe weapons held by Lhose unlLs. As Cerman and
lLallan weapons began Lo arrlve ln Spaln, Lhe Leglon
goL lLs plck of Lhem and lLs older equlpmenL was
passed down Lo oLher unlLs. 8y Lhe end of Lhe Clvll
War, Lhe Leglon was almosL enLlrely equlpped wlLh
Cerman and lLallan machlne guns, anLl-Lank guns and
oLher weapons.

While the Legions Reputation has experienced some
exaggeraLlon, much llke LhaL of Lhe Moroccan unlLs
Lhey usually foughL alongslde, Lhere ls an elemenL of
LruLh Lo supporL LhaL repuLaLlon. 1he rooL of LhaL
repuLaLlon lles wlLhln Lhe culLure perpeLuaLed wlLhln
Lhe Leglon, whlch began Lhe second lLs recrulLs passed
Lhrough Lhe gaLes of lLs barracks.

The formations commander, !ose Mllln-AsLray y
1erreros, had developed whaL was vlrLually a rellglous
culL wlLhln hls command, whlch he had also lmbued
lnLo hls former subordlnaLe lranclsco lranco. 8ulldlng
on boLh Spanlsh CaLhollc and Spanlsh lmperlal
LradlLlons, Mlllan-AsLray developed Lhe ldea wlLhln
Lhe Leglon LhaL Lhey were Lhe 8rldegrooms of ueaLh
(G2=&2, *$ /" 9C$+3$) and LhaL self-sacrlflce for Lhe
glory of Spaln, was Lhe ldeal LhaL hls men should be
sLrlvlng for.

Mlllan-AsLray, hlmself havlng losL an eye and an arm
ln servlce was vehemenLly anLl-soclallsL, by Lhe Lerms
of Lhe day an ardenL fasclsL and posslbly lnsane. Pow
much of hls phllosophy was Laken onboard by hls men
ls open Lo quesLlon, buL glven Lhe casualLles Laken
durlng Lhe early monLhs of Lhe clvll war ln parLlcular,
as well as Lhelr consLanL use as shock Lroops
LhroughouL Lhe War, lL can be lmaglned LhaL lL was
cerLalnly very lnfluenLlal. AlLhough derlved from a
dlfferenL perspecLlve, Lhe nearesL comparable analogy
ls LhaL of Lhe early Waffen SS and lLs unswervlng bellef
ln lLs own and its causes superlorlLy.
1haL bellef was of course dangerous. uesplLe Lhere
belng a Spanlsh LacLlcal docLrlne LhaL lncluded Lhe
same concepLs as any mlllLary manual elsewhere ln
Lhe world aL LhaL Llme, Lhe Leglon favoured fronLal
assaulLs. 1he aLLack on Lhe Lown of 8ada[oz ls perhaps
the epitome of the futility of the Legions doctrine
(albelL LhaL lL ls hard noL Lo fronLally assaulL a walled
Lown).

Cver several hours, successlve waves of Leglonarlos
aLLempLed Lo sLorm Lhe gaLe of La uerLa de la
1rlnldad, whlch was held by LoyallsL Carablneros,
relnforced wlLh machlne guns. Losses amongsL Lhe lv
8andera were colossal, Lhe 16
Lh
Company alone was
reduced Lo [usL one CapLaln, one Corporal and Lwelve
men, from Lhe nlneLy or so LhaL had begun Lhe
assaulL. Whlle Lhe assaulL was ulLlmaLely successful,
oLher Lroops had already enLered Lhe clLy aL dlfferenL
polnLs and wlLh somewhaL more subLleLy. 1here was
of course a prlce for Lhe defenders Lo pay for such
losses and Lhe Leglon spared no one as lL advanced
lnLo Lhe cenLre of Lhe Lown.

1hls llsL can be used Lo creaLe a plaLoon of Lhe Leglon,
compleLe wlLh Lhe supporLlng elemenLs lL esLabllshed,
largely Lhanks Lo Cerman and lLallan supporL and
Lralnlng. 1he Leglon was seen as Lhe premler
formaLlon by Lhe naLlonallsLs and ls perhaps Lhe ldeal
LhaL oLher unlLs soughL Lo emulaLe. WlLh Lhe
excepLlon of some elemenLs of Lhe Moroccan unlLs lL
so closely worked wlLh, Lhe force ls almosL enLlrely
composed of Leglon unlLs.

Whlle Leglon unlLs can be found ln oLher llsLs as
supporL, Lhe Leglon llsL lLself glves a qulLe sLrong
plaLoon ln relaLlon Lo oLhers of Lhe perlod, belng very
much a case of quallLy and noL quanLlLy.

Page 7

"#$#%%&' ()*+,&$)-

".(.//01 (23450(26 718019(:; <45=./9 >?@A
B1097.105769C
1he Moroccan lnfanLry plaLoon (Seccln) sLrucLure
was ldenLlcal Lo all of Lhe oLher Lypes of lnfanLry
plaLoons wlLhln Lhe Spanlsh Army. lL conslsLed of a
PeadquarLers SecLlon (lana Mayor) and 1wo SecLlons
(eloLones), each of Lhree Squads (Lscuadras).

1he PC SecLlon conslsLed of Lhe laLoon
Commmander, who was usually a flrsL or second
LleuLenanL (1enlenLe or Alferez), a laLoon 1
sL

SergeanL (SargenLo rlmero) and Lwo addlLlonal men,
probably a bugler and a plaLoon clerk/runner
respecLlvely, rounded ouL Lhe headquarLers secLlon.

Llke Lhe Leglon and enlnsular unlLs, Lhe 8egulares
were supposed Lo have Lwo morLar squads wlLhln Lhe
PC, buL Lo whaL exLenL Lhls had been achleved ls noL
cerLaln. lL ls enLlrely posslble LhaL some of Lhe unlLs
ralsed sLlll had Lhe v-8 Lype grenade launchers LhaL
Lhe morLars were lnLended Lo replace.

The two Rifle-Grenadier Sections consisted of 18
men lncludlng Lhe SergeanL (SargenLo) who lead
Lhem. 1he SecLlon was dlvlded lnLo Lhree Squads
(Lscuadra), each of a Squad Leader and flve men. 1he
Sergeant led the first Rifle-Machine Gun Squad and
Lwo Corporals (Cabo) led Lhe two Rifle-Grenadier
Squads. WlLh Lhe excepLlon of Lhe laLoon Leader,
who carrled a plsLol and Lhe Lwo machlne gunners, all
men were armed wlLh older varlanLs of Mauser rlfle ln
servlce. 1he men ln Lhe Lwo 8lfle-Crenadler squads
would also be lssued grenades.

SupporL for Lhe plaLoon would come ln Lhe flrsL
instance from the battalions machine gun company
and Lhe gun-morLar plaLoon. Whlle Lhe machlne gun
company was noL broken up lnLo penny-packeLs and
flelded as a baLLallon reserve, lL could lay down a
barrage of machlne gun flre Lo supporL Lhe operaLlons
of Lhe rlfle companles, provldlng lL was slLuaLed ln a
poslLlon Lo do so.
1he gun-morLar plaLoon had a Lwo-morLar secLlon
wlLh 60mm weapons and a slngle lnfanLry gun, almosL
lnvarlably Lhe Schnelder 70/16 mounLaln gun.
naLurally heavler arLlllery supporL was avallable and
from qulLe early ln Lhe Clvll War, lLallan or Cerman
Lanks.

D509..1 8.(/2 (09713
!"#$%&'( +8
)*++&,- /01": 6
D509..1 E20FG40(92(6
!"#$"#%" '$%( )$*%+, -#. /-01"#%+ 20$3"0+ '$%(
0$4,"5 6+%( -0" !"#$%& (")*"&+, !'+ /+,.-.+* '$%(
0$4,"*7
!"#$# &$# '() *#+',)-. /#$ 01&'))-2 #&+"
62/97.1 E20FG40(92(6
/-01"#%+5 -.#$%& (")*"& -03". '$%( 0$4," +0 /89
!"#$# &$# '"$## *34&5. /#$ *#+',)-2 #&+"
(7852 6G40F6 .12 9. 9E(22
5"3 6G40F (7852 6G40F (7852 6G40F
8:: ;89 '$%(
: <0"' = > /+,.-.+*
? /+,.-.+* ? /+,.-.+*

CuLslde of Lhe LMC Squads, all Soldados have
LaflLLe hand grenades and are armed wlLh rlfles.
1he M22 LMC counLs as a magazlne fed weapon.
Squads equaLe Lo 1eams for rule purposes.

".(.//01 "0/E712 341 D509..1
1he Machlne Cun Company composed Lhe heavy
weapon componenL of a Moroccan 8aLLallon. 1reaLed
as a llne unlL, lL was noL broken down and aLLached Lo
Lhe rlfle companles, buL deployed where lL could brlng
flre Lo bear Lo supporL Lhe acLlons of Lhe oLher
companles. ln defence lL could ofLen flnd lLself as Lhe
fronLllne lf Lhlngs were golng badly.

lLs organlsaLlon was very slmllar Lo LhaL of Lhe lnfanLry
laLoon, excepL LhaL Lhere were no morLar squads ln
Lhe plaLoon headquarLers and ln Lhe machlne gun
secLlons, Lhere were Lwo machlne gun squads and one
rlfle-grenadler squad. uesplLe belng a member of Lhe
rlfle squad, Lhe SecLlon Leader Lyplcally dlrecLed Lhe
flre of Lhe machlne gun squads.

Whlle Lhe plaLoon packs a loL of flrepower, lL ls far less
moblle Lhan a rlfle plaLoon. lL ls lncluded ln Lhe llsL for
Lhe sake of compleLeness, buL can prove Lo be a real
obsLacle Lo Lhe opponenL of a player who ls able Lo
Lake up a defenslve sLance ln a scenarlo.
Page 8
D509..1 8.(/2 (09713
!"#$%&'( +10
)*++&,- /01": 6
1he Soldados ln Lhe 8lfle Squad are armed wlLh
LaflLLe hand grenades and all Soldados are armed
wlLh rlfles.
Squads equate to Teams in this organization

0(": 64DD.(9 5769 1.926
!"#$%& ()*+)&. vehlcles do noL have radlos. MMCs are
Lrlpod mounLed. 1ransporL only vehlcles, such as a car
do noL come wlLh crew, so you wlll need Lo allocaLe
men Lo drlve Lhese.

wlLh a !"#$%& ()*+)&. lnfanLry 1eams rarely come wlLh
llsLs show all !"#$%& ()*+)& asslgnmenLs where Lhey
above. 1he followlng supporL opLlons noLes apply.

H=I 5041/E2(
,&$%& -% -.) $#-&%+"/-$%# %0 -.) 1*2)&% 3455 6%&-*&7
-.) 89*#$:. 5*+) ":) %0 * &$02) ;&)#*+) *+*9-%&<
=.$2) %&$;$#*22> -.):) ?)&) 5%:- 2$@)2> $::")+ -% -.)
AB":$2)&%:CD&*#*+)&%:E F$02)CD&)#*+$)& 8G"*+:
A9&%H*H2> %#) 9)& :G"*+E7 -.)&) $: #% &)*:%# -%
:"99%:) -.*- -.$: /%#-$#")+ -% H) -.) /*:) ?.)# -.)
*&5> &)C%&;*#$:)+< I- $: 9%::$H2) -.*- -.):) ?)*9%#:
?)&) ;$J)# -% -.) two Mortar 8G"*+: in the Platoon
KL "#-$2 :"/. -$5) *: -.) 2$;.- 5%&-*& ?*: $::")+ -%
-.) "#$-7 ;$J$#; )*/. %0 -.%:) :G"*+: %#) 2*"#/.)&<

1herefore, a player may selecL and lssue Lwo v8
launchers wlLhln hls plaLoon as deslred, excludlng Lhe
LMC squads. AlLernaLlvely, Lwo addlLlonal slx-man
8lfle-Crenadler Squads may be selecLed as an
alternative to the Mortar Squads and these may
each be provlded wlLh one launcher lnsLead,
represenLlng Lhe formaLlon of Lhe morLar squads, buL
Lhere belng no acLual morLars Lo equlp Lhem wlLh.

The VB Launcher has a minimum range of 18 and a
maximum of 60. It may target any unit which can be
seen by frlendly Lroops buL lL counLs any LargeL whlch
lL can see as belng ln close range, and any lL cannoL
see as belng aL effecLlve range. ln Lhe flrsL phase of
flre aL a LargeL (even one lL has flred aL prevlously) lL
wlll roll half of Lhe normal flrepower dlce.

901J E4192(6
Moroccan Lroops developed a capablllLy Lo Lake on
enemy Lanks wlLh some sklll. A maxlmum of Lwo
M)*5: may be formed per plaLoon, each from one of
the platoons SecLlons, each M)*5 counLlng as one
supporL llsL cholce.

lor each cholce Laken a 8)#$%& or !"#$%& ()*+)& may
creaLe a new M*#@ K"#-)& M)*5 followlng Lhe rules as
per (4.3.7). A M)*5 ls creaLed from Lhree men Laken
from one SecLlon ln a players force. Tank Hunters can
make one Grenade and Petrol Can attack per game
as descrlbed on 1able Seven (9.3.4).
D509..1 E20FG40(92(6
!"#$"#%" '$%( )$*%+, -#. /-01"#%+ 20$3"0+ '$%(
0$4,"5 6+%( -0" !"#$%& (")*"&+, !'+ /+,.-.+* '$%(
0$4,"*7
!"#$# &$# '() *#+',)-. /#$ 01&'))-2 #&+"
62/97.1 E20FG40(92(6
/-01"#%+5 -.#$%& (")*"& -03". '$%( @$4," +0 /89
!"#$# &$# '"$## *34&5. /#$ *#+',)-2 #&+"
(7852 6G40F6 .12 9. 9E(22
""3 6G40F ""3 6G40F (7852 6G40F
8AB 889 ? <0"' 8AB 889 ? <0"' C *+,.-.+*
".(.//01 /E0(0/92(7697/6
2&'#",3* 4!05%" 6%&3**,7( 1he secLlon sergeanL
usually dlrecLed Lhe flre of lLs LMC. When a Leader
ls aLLached Lo a machlne gun Leam and uses Lwo or
more Command lnlLlaLlves Lo dlrecL Lhelr flre, he
may add u3 Lo Lhe Teams llrepower dlce.

8*'*11&,9( 1hese flerce norLh Afrlcan Lroops were
very adepL aL Lhe use of any cover where
seemlngly none exlsLed. Moroccans can move wlLh
1u6 or 2u6 and assume a 1acLlcal sLance aL Lhe end
of Lhelr movemenL. 1hey are LreaLed as Aggresslve.

:,-"' 3;" "<"9 *5 3;" )&=-( M.) %00$/)&:7 :)#$%&
#%#C/%55$::$%#)+ %00$/)&: *#+ J*&$%": %-.)&
sensitive posts in Moroccan units were occupied
H> N"&%9)*#:< N*/. /%59*#> .*+ * :$#;2)
$#+$;)#%": :"9)&#"5)&*&> %00$/)& .%?)J)&7 /*22)+
-.) O*P+<

lf selecLed as a supporL cholce, Lhe Cald may be
acLlvaLed on a Command ulce roll of 3. lf Lhe player
acLlvaLes Lhe Cald, he does noL lncrease hls Chaln
of Command Lally by one. When acLlvaLed a Cald
moves as normal. lf aLLached Lo a squad he may
move wlLh LhaL squad wlLhouL belng acLlvaLed
hlmself.

Pe counLs as Lwo men for morale purposes when
conslderlng Shock levels and one man ln any Close
CombaL. A Cald does noL flre or crew weapons, nor
acLlvaLe squads or Leams. lf Lhe Senlor Leader ls
kllled, Lhe presence of Lhe Cald reduces Lhe effecL
of hls loss Lo LhaL of a !"#$%& ()*+)&. 1he loss of Lhe
Cald counLs as LhaL of a 8)#$%& ()*+)&.

Page 9

(01F." 07( 64DD.(9

KLMNO 8725F 341 I0992(:
8aLLery.

.88=90I52 "0/E712 341 87(2 64DD.(9
llre SupporL.
D509..1 .I62(H2(=6/.496
1he Cbserver-ScouLs operaLed as boLh scouLs and as
observers for Lhe MorLar Squads of Lhe plaLoon.
end a move ln a LacLlcal sLance. As long as Lhey have
when spoLLlng ln Lhls way Lhey lose Lhelr LacLlcal
sLance.

lf wlLhln Lhe command dlsLance of any Senlor or
!"#$%& ()*+)& of Lhelr plaLoon, Lhey may be used Lo
acLlvaLe Lhe MorLar Squads/SecLlon (lf Lhey have LCS)
as lf those squads themselves were in that Leaders
MorLar Squads). This allows the Platoons Leaders to

Cn-Lable supporL weapons LhaL have Lhelr own
Cbserver-ScouLs, can also be used Lhe same way by
the Platoons 8)#$%& ()*+)&: ln respecL Lo Lhe weapon
way as above.

LP"" ".(90( 6G40F
1eam of an Cbserver and Lwo 8egulares. All were
armed wlLh rlfles. use Lhe laLoon Cbserver-ScouL
rules when flrlng. 1he 30mm morLar only flres P.L.
Rounds. It has a minimum range of 18, but closer
Lhan LhaL Lhe crew may use Lhelr carblnes.

AP"" ".(90(6
Lach baLLallon only had Lwo medlum morLars ln LoLal.
1he bombardmenL area for a Lwo-Lube morLar secLlon
is 10x10 with the aiming point at the centre. Use
Lhe rules for Cff 1able lorward CbservaLlon 1eams
when flrlng.

0D 0""41797.1
1 and ammunlLlon lasLs only ln Lhe -"&# lL ls flred.

".(.//01 /0H05(: 6/.496
selecLed as a supporL opLlon Lhe player can fleld a
slngle Squad of Moroccan Cavalry organlsed Lhe same
way as enlnsular Army Cavalry refer Lo LhaL army
llsL for deLalls. 1hls selecLlon assumes Lhe cavalry ls
mounLed. 1hls unlL uses all Lhe Moroccan Speclal
8ules and Cavalry Speclflc 8ules.

8>!>))?@ 2:66>!A BC2A
BC2A >@D
Medlcal Crderly
Ad[uLanL
8oadblock
Lnglneerlng 1eam, 3 men
1ank PunLers
Lqulp Lwo luslleros ln laLoon wlLh v-8 Lype launcher*
A AmmunlLlon for z l or Cv 33/33
BC2A AE>
Cald**
re-Came 8arrage (arLlllery or machlne gun flre)
8llbao armoured car**
BC2A AF!DD
30mm MorLar Squad added Lo laLoon PC, or
8lfle-Crenadler Squad added Lo laLoon PC*
Snlper 1eam, 2 men
70/16 lnfanLry Cun wlLh 3 Crew and a !"#$%& ()*+)&QQ
ak 33/36 AnLl-Lank gun, 3 crew and !"#$%& ()*+)&QQ
Cv 33/33 or anzer Mk l**
8andom Alr SupporL
BC2A G>:!
Squad of mounLed Moroccan Cavalry ScouLs
73/28 lleld Cun, 3 crew and !"#$%& ()*+)&
2cm llak 30 AA gun, 3 crew wlLh !"#$%& ()*+)& **
BC2A GCHD
ALLached lorelgn Leglon SecLlon (Leglon LlsL)
BC2A 2CI
73/28 lleld Cun 8aLLery wlLh observer
* unlLs elLher have v-8 Lype launchers or 30mm
MorLars, noL boLh Lypes ln Lhe same unlL. Cnly Lwo
morLars or v8 launchers may be chosen per plaLoon.
** May only selecL one of Lhls Lype of supporL asseL.
Page 10
1he varlous Moroccan formaLlons, or M&%9*:
I#+P;)#*: (lndlgenous 1roops), as Lhey were
collecLlvely referred Lo by Lhe Spanlsh, formed Lhe
bulk of Lhe manpower of Lhe Army of Afrlca. AlLhough
Spaln had foughL a long and bloody serles of wars
wlLh Lhe Lrlbes of Lhe 8lf, unlLs drawn from Lhe
Moroccan 1rlbes had foughL for Spaln LhroughouL
Lhese and ln 1936, some of Lhe unlLs conLalned some
of Lhe Lrlbes who had foughL agalnsL Lhe Spanlsh ln
Lhese wars.

As was Lhe case wlLh Lhe colonlal forces of oLher
naLlons, Lhe lndlgenous unlLs Lended Lo have older
equlpmenL Lhan whaL Lhe Luropean unlLs had and
flrm conLrol was kepL by Luropeans on weapons LhaL
mlghL prove especlally damaglng lf Lhere was a revolL.
Within the Moroccan units (except the Sultans own
Mehala unlLs) Luropeans held all of Lhe command
poslLlons, from laLoon Leader upwards. WlLhln Lhe
rlfle companles roughly a Lhlrd of Lhe senlor non-
commlssloned offlcers were Luropean and wlLhln Lhe
plaLoons, Lhe Corporals ln charge of Lhe machlne gun
and morLar squads were also Luropean. ln Lhe
machlne gun companles, Lhe whole of Lhe machlne
gun squads were Luropean, whlle Lhe rlfle squads
wlLhln Lhem were Moroccan.

WlLhln each company or cavalry squadron however,
Lhere was a slngle lndlgenous offlcer, Lhe Cald. 1he
posL of Cald was essenLlally an honorary poslLlon,
occupled by a member of whaL amounLed Lo Lhe
Moroccan 1rlbal arlsLocracy. 1he presence of Lhe
usually younger members of Lhese famllles, ln unlLs
drawn from Lhe Lrlbes Lhey ruled, leglLlmlzed Lhe
auLhorlLy of Lhe Spanlsh Army wlLhln Lhem. As Lhe
approval or dlsapproval of Lhe Cald could noL only
have repercusslons for an lndlvldual soldler, buL could
also make Lhlngs very dlfflculL, or lndeed very good,
for hls famlly, Lhe lndlgenous Lroops wenL Lo greaL
lengLhs Lo geL noLlced ln a poslLlve sense by Lhem.

Moroccan Lroops had never served ouLslde of Lhe
colonles prlor Lo Lhe Clvll War, buL Lhanks Lo rebel
propaganda, whlch fosLered Lhe bellef LhaL Lhe
CovernmenL lnLended Lo suppress lslam and burn
down Lhelr mosques, Lhe rebels overcame Lhe
relucLance of Lhelr own lndlgenous Lroops Lo do so,
but also gained units from the Sultan of Moroccos
own Gendarmerie, the Mehalla.

Whlle Lhls propaganda was blaLanLly unLrue aL Lhe
Llme, lL has Lo be consldered LhaL boLh Lhe
CommunlsLs and AnarchlsLs saw rellglous suppresslon
as essenLlal Lo Lhe 8evoluLlon, so Lhe bellef LhaL Lhey
would aLLempL Lo do whaL was clalmed was noL
wlLhouL a basls ln facL. lL was also Lo conLrlbuLe Lo Lhe
conLlnued numbers of Moroccans who offered
Lhemselves Lo serve ln Lhe new unlLs ralsed durlng Lhe
Clvll War Loo.

Cnce Lhe Moroccans were LransporLed Lo Spaln, Lhelr
skllls were ln hlgh demand. 1hey were feared for Lhelr
fleld crafL, whlch allowed Lhem Lo repuLedly cross
even open Lerraln almosL unseen. 1he dlscovery of
8epubllcan senLrles wlLh Lhelr LhroaLs sllL and ofLen
oLher muLllaLlons, all added Lo Lhelr repuLaLlon. 1he
rebel commanders also appear Lo have Lurned a bllnd
eye Lo lncldences of rape and looLlng by Lhe
Moroccans. lL musL be sald LhaL how much of Lhls was
Lrue and how much was 8epubllcan propaganda, ls
open Lo quesLlon however. neverLheless glven
lncldenLs elsewhere, Lhe faLe of a Mlllclana capLured
by Lhe Moroccans was unllkely Lo have been pleasanL
Lo say Lhe leasL.

uesplLe Lhelr savagery, exaggeraLed or oLherwlse, Lhe
Moroccans were hard flghLers and seemlngly wlLhouL
fear. When Lhe naLlonallsLs began offerlng a 300
eseLa bounLy for capLured 8epubllcan Lanks, lL was
Lhe Moroccans who flrsL began sLalklng Lhem wlLh
crowbars and MoloLov cockLalls. Whlle 300 eseLas
was noL Lo be refused by Spanlards, for Lhe
Moroccans lL was a small forLune LhaL could be senL
home Lo Lhelr famllles.

1he Moroccan Lroops foughL wlLh equal measure of
bravery and savagery LhroughouL Lhe Clvll War,
largely ln con[uncLlon wlLh Lhe lorelgn Leglon unlLs
Lhey were LradlLlonally brlgaded wlLh ln Morocco.
Whlle Lhe Leglon galned Lhe besL of whaL was
avallable regardlng equlpmenL, Lhe Moroccans
conLlnued Lo recelve Lhe same sLandard of equlpmenL
Lhey always had.

1hls llsL can be used Lo creaLe elLher a wholly
Moroccan force of Regulares, Tiradors or Mehalla, or
one whlch ls beneflLlng from Lhe supporL of Lhe
Leglon unlLs lL ls brlgaded wlLh. ln cerLaln LheaLres Lhe
Moroccans foughL alongslde ordlnary enlnsular
formaLlons, as well as 8equeLes and lalanglsLs. WlLh
LhaL ln mlnd Lhe opLlon exlsLs Lo fleld Moroccan unlLs
ln Lhose llsLs. 1he Moroccan forces remalned
unchanged LhroughouL Lhe Clvll War, so Lhls llsL ls
sulLable from !uly 1936 Lo Lhe end of Lhe Clvll War ln
1939.
Page 11
!"#"$%&'( *&#&(&"

!+,+-./ *0,010+2 34,5 16 -67/*8/9 :;<=
>-+106-+,0?1@
Llke some of Lhe lrregular formaLlons aL Lhe sLarL of
the Spanish Civil War, the Falanges mlllLla adopLed a
paLLern of organlsaLlon noL Loo dlsslmllar Lo LhaL of
Lhe regular Spanlsh Army, aL leasL aL lLs lowesL level.

1he SecLlon-level unit was called a Falange and
conslsLed of a command elemenL of a SecLlon Leader
(!efe de lalange), and Lhree squads (Lscuadra), each
of a squad leader (!efe de Lscuadra) and flve men
(lalanglsLas), wlLh Lhe excepLlon of Lhe flrsL, where
Lhe SecLlon Leader led Lhe Squad.

All of Lhe men ln Lhe SecLlon were armed wlLh rlfles,
usually one of Lhe varlous Lypes of Mauser, or clvlllan
Lypes, Lhe more popular of whlch lncluded a llcensed
copy of the Winchester 73.

1hese secLlons were grouped lnLo companles
(CenLurla), nomlnally of Len secLlons, buL whlch could
conLaln as few as Lwo, dependlng on how popular Lhe
lalange were ln Lhelr locale. 1he CenLurla was led by a
Jefe de Centuria, assisted by a Sub[efe de Centuria
and probably also had Lhree lalanglsLas as company,
sLandard bearer, bugler and runner.

1he lalange had no lnLegral supporL weapons of Lhelr
own aL Lhe beglnnlng of Lhe Clvll War and relled on
Lhe Army Lo provlde Lhese and Lhe men Lo serve
Lhem. ln Lhe early weeks of Lhe War, lL was more
usual Lo flnd lalange groups added Lo oLher
formaLlons Lo relnforce Lhem, Lhan Lo see whole
combaL unlLs formed enLlrely from lalanglsLs.

1hose lalange groups whlch were lncorporaLed
dlrecLly lnLo regular unlLs soon adopLed Lhe same
organlsaLlonal sLrucLure of Lhelr parenL unlL, alLhough
almosL lnvarlable Lhere were lnsufflclenL supporL
weapons Lo provlde nelLher machlne guns nor
morLars Lo Lhese unlLs lnlLlally.

8esldes Lhe baslc opLlon glven here, supplemenLed by
Lhe supporL opLlons ln Lhe Lable, Lhere are a number
of alLernaLlves whlch Lhe player could Lry ouL whlch
mlrror aLLempLs Lo lncorporaLe Lhe lalange lnLo Lhe
reduced enlnsular formaLlons.

1he mosL obvlous one ls a Mlxed laLoon (5ecclo
Mlxto), whlch would spllL a slngle enlnsular lnfanLry
laLoon Lo form Lhe cores of Lwo plaLoons, brlnglng a
reduced lnfanLry Company Lo lLs full sLrengLh by
addlng a lalange SecLlon Lo each of Lhem.

Such a plaLoon would Lhen have a slngle
loozoqtoooJo squad wlLh lLs PC and posslbly one
squad ln one secLlon wlLh a llghL machlne gun, Lhe
oLher belng lalanglsLs wlLh rlfles. Lach plaLoon would
be commanded by Lhe LleuLenanL and 1
sL
SergeanL
respecLlvely, wlLh a lalanglsL !efe or Sub-!efe as hls
second ln command.

1he laLoon lorce 8aLlng would be Lhe same, buL Lhe
laLoon may also access Lhe Army SupporL LlsL. Cnly
Lhe acLual army secLlon and Lhe slngle loozoqtoooJo
squad may be upgraded wlLh Lhe LMC, v-8 launcher
and 30mm morLar opLlons however.

A,+166- !69B/ 9+10-.
!"##$% -3
&'(()$* ,-.#: 3

B/-1490+ C/+DE4+91/9?
!efe de CenLurla and Sub[efe (5opetlot Ioolot
leoJets) armed wlLh plsLols and/or SMC. 3
lalanglsLas armed wlLh rlfles.
?/B106- B6**+-D
!efe de lalange, Ioolot leoJet, armed wlLh a rlfle.
!"#$# &$# '"$## ()*&+, -#$ (#.'/012 #&."
!"#$# &$# '30 (#.'/01, -#$ 4#1'*$/&2 #&."
90!,/ ?E4+D? 6-/ 16 1C9//
90!,/ ?E4+D 90!,/ ?E4+D 90!,/ ?E4+D
" lalanglsLas # lalanglsLas # lalanglsLas
Page 12

+9*5 ?4AA691 ,0?1 -61/?
explanaLory. 1ransporL only vehlcles, such as a car are
slmply vehlcles, wlLh no crew. 8emember, you wlll
need Lo allocaLe men Lo drlve Lhese. 1lznaos vehlcles
come wlLh a Ioolot leoJet. vehlcles do noL have
radlos. 1yplcal llghL weapon Lypes are shown
LhroughouL, Lhough varlaLlon was commonplace.

wlLh a Ioolot leoJet. lnfanLry 1eams rarely come wlLh
llsLs show all Ioolot leoJet asslgnmenLs where Lhey
above.

1he followlng supporL opLlons need some noLes.

FG** *691+9 ?E4+D
loaders. All were armed wlLh rlfles.

A 5eolot or Ioolot leoJet may boLh acLlvaLe and/or
spoL for Lhe MorLar 1eam, aL a cosL of one command
lnlLlaLlve polnL, lf Lhe MorLar 1eam ls wlLhln Lhelr
command range. no oLher unlL may spoL for Lhe
MorLar 1eam, whlch of course, can spoL for lLself.

1he 30mm morLar only flres P.L. 8ounds. lL has a
minimum range of 18, but closer than that the crew
may use Lhelr carblnes.

=G** H I:** *691+9?
Lach baLLallon only had Lwo medlum morLars ln LoLal
and of only one Lype. 1he bombardmenL area for a
Lwo-Lube morLar secLlon is 10x10 with the aiming
polnL aL Lhe cenLre. use Lhe rules for Cff 1able

6!!J1+8,/ *+BC0-/ .4- !09/ ?4AA691
llre SupporL.
!+,+-.0?1 /010203 4566782 1042
1042 79:
Medlcal Crderly
Ad[uLanL
CenLurla Leaders
El hombre
8oadblock
MoloLov CockLall
1042 2;7
llag*
8loesbltts (enLlre plaLoon)
30mm MorLar Squad wlLh 3 crew, (1 per secLlon)**
Add LMC Lo a slngle squad ln one secLlon**
re-Came arLlllery or machlne gun barrage
Small 1lznao vehlcle*
1042 2<8::
Snlper 1eam, 2 men
coto Al 5ol (enLlre plaLoon)
MounLed lalange Squad wlLh Ioolot leoJet
70/16 lnfanLry Cun wlLh 3 Crew and a Ioolot leoJet**
60mm MorLar SecLlon wlLh observer**
Cff-Lable Machlne Cun supporL wlLh observer
lalange 8lfle SecLlon wlLh Ioolot leoJet
lnfanLry SecLlon (Creen) wlLh Ioolot leoJet (Army)
MounL an enLlre SecLlon on horses
Medlum 1lznao vehlcle*
1042 =758
lnfanLry SecLlon (Creen) wlLh Ioolot leoJet (CarllsL)
lnfanLry SecLlon wlLh Ioolot leoJet (SecurlLy Servlces)
81mm MorLar SecLlon wlLh observer**
PoLchklss M1914 MMC on Lrlpod mounL, 3 crew***
Large 1lznao vehlcle*
1042 =0>:
lnfanLry SecLlon wlLh Ioolot leoJet (Leglon or Moroccan)
1042 40?
70/16 lleld Cun baLLery wlLh observer
*Ooe ooly (le ooe lloq ooJ/ot ooe 1lzooo veblcle).
**1bese ote otmy ossets ptovlJeJ os soppott, ooly ooe of
tbese optloos moy be selecteJ Joe to tbe loltlol low level of
soppott ovolloble.
***1bls ls oo otmy osset ptovlJeJ os soppott, o moxlmom of
two of tbese moy be selecteJ, bot cooots os o sloqle soppott
optloo lo tespect of tbe oote obove.

!+,+-.0?1+ *0,010+ BC+9+B1/90?10B?
unaccusLomed Lo modern war, mlllLla forces
were parLlcularly senslLlve Lo losses. Powever
Lhey could prove dogged ln good defenslve
poslLlons.

MlllLla recelves one exLra shock for every Lwo
shock and/or kllls recelved, unless a cover
modlfler was applled Lo Lhe shoLs LhaL caused Lhe
hlLs.

Page 13
KGL:= !0/,D .4- 8+11/95
8aLLery.

,*.
Cne weapon per selecLlon may be lssued Lo a Squad.
ln a Squad whlch ls equlpped wlLh a llghL machlne
gun, Lhe Cabo wlll become lLs gunner and a lusllero
wlll become lLs loader. CLher luslleros ln Lhe same
Squad can replace crew casualLles. ln 8lfle laLoons
only one LMC may be lssued per Squad and only one
Squad ln a SecLlon may be so equlpped.

/, C6*89/
1hls supporL opLlon allows a Squad Lo be upgraded
wlLh a Lemporary Ioolot leoJet in a players phase
any unlL may be chosen. Cnly one such squad may
acLlvaLe Lhls way from phase Lo phase and Lhe leader
only lnfluences Lhe unlL he ls wlLh. ln subsequenL
phases Lhe same or a dlfferenL unlL may be chosen
with an El Hombre.

!"#$%&'()%
Many lalanglsLas [olned soon afLer Lhe War began, ln
Lhe hope of avoldlng fronLllne servlce. 1hls resulLed ln
shlrkers, run of Lhe mlll members and the die-hards
mlxed LogeLher wlLh varylng resulLs.

1herefore, when deLermlnlng force morale roll Lwo u3
dlce, one plus, one mlnus. lf a poslLlve number, Lhey
may lgnore Lhe lalanglsLa MlllLla characLerlsLlc and
use Lhe resulLanL roll as Lhe force morale modlfler
(p11) for Lhe game. lf a negaLlve number Lhen Lhls
becomes Lhe modlfler for Lhe force morale dle
roll and Lhe lalanglsLa MlllLla characLerlsLlc sLlll
applles.

*+(+ +" %-"
1he old guard of Falangista were very commlLLed Lo
Lhe cause and ln some cases were fanaLlcal ln Lhelr
bellef, Lhough mosL noL so much when lL came
Lo acLually flghLlng for Lhem.

1hey may lgnore Lhe lalanglsLa MlllLla characLerlsLlc
and dlsregard Lhe lorce Morale -2 dle roll modlfler for
belng Creen replaclng lL wlLh +1 lnsLead (p11).

!,+.
A unlL wlLh an aLLached llag may lgnore one polnL of
shock recelved per phase of play. llag bearers do noL
flre buL do counL as flghLlng ln combaL.

B/-1490+ ,/+D/9?
Cne or boLh CenLurla leaders may be upgraded Lo
Senlor Leaders.

0-!+-195 ?/B106-?
1he oLher lnfanLry opLlons reflecLed here are elLher,
aLLached SecLlons of lalange, 8equeLes, Army,
SecurlLy Servlces, or Afrlcan Army personnel,
represenLlng Lhe ad hoc unlLs ofLen formed ln Lhe
early parL of Lhe Clvll War. Any of Lhese unlLs may
selecL a slngle supporL opLlon from Lhelr own supporL
llsL, for each unlL of Lhelr Lype flelded ln a force, aL Lhe
cosL speclfled on Lhelr supporL llsL. 1he selecLed force
has all Lhe characLerlsLlcs of Lhe army llsL from whlch
lL ls Laken.

*6,6167 B6BM1+0,

B+7+,95 ?E4+D
MounLed Lroops are LreaLed as normal lalange
lnfanLry, buL are mounLed on horses when Laken as a
supporL llsL opLlon. 1hey may remaln mounLed durlng
play or may deploy on-Lable dlsmounLed. 8efer Lo Lhe
Cavalry Speclflc 8ules.

Page 14
Some monLhs prlor Lo Lhe sLarL of Lhe Clvll War, Lhe
lolooqe spoolo Je los Iootos Je Ofeoslvo Nocloool
5loJlcollsto, l Je los ION5 (Spanlsh halanx of Lhe
Assemblles of Lhe naLlonal SyndlcallsL Cffenslve), or
more slmply, Lhe lalange, had begun creaLlng an
armed militia in preparation for the counter-
revolution it was planning to begin. Whlle numbers
were small, Lhe mass exodus of members from a
slmllar paramlllLary force belonglng Lo CLuA,
followlng Lhelr defeaL ln Lhe elecLlon, provlded a
boosL ln numbers. SympaLheLlc army offlcers devoLed
Lhelr free Llme Lo Lralnlng lalanglsLs ln Lhe use of
weapons, while the Falanges leadership endeavoured
Lo buy arms from abroad, asslsLed by wealLhy
lndlvlduals llke !uan March. AlLhough every member
dld noL have a weapon, mosL were aL leasL Lralned ln
Lhelr use.

Most of the leadership of the Falange were out of the
loop as regards the plans for the coup detat and until
Lhelr leadershlp pledged supporL for Lhe naLlonallsL
ManlfesLo on Lhe nlghL of 18
Lh
!uly, were largely
lgnoranL LhaL lL was even Laklng place. lans Lo
lnLegraLe lalanglsLs lnLo Lhe mlllLary forces were non-
exlsLenL and ln one case a local lalnglsL leader was
asked Lo leave hls phone number aL Lhe rebel
headquarLers, so he could be summoned lf requlred.
1hls was an lsolaLed case however and ln general, Lhe
local rebel commanders released weapons Lo local
lalanglsLs Lo asslsL Lhe mlllLary and securlLy servlces
LhaL had slded wlLh Lhe rebels.

AfLer Lhe lnlLlal sLreeL-flghLlng and confuslon of Lhe
flrsL few days was over, aLLempLs Lo lnLegraLe Lhe
lalanglsLs began. lnlLlally Lhls largely conslsLed of
formlng composlLe unlLs of securlLy servlce personnel
and local lalanglsLs, and ln Lhe case of Andalucla, Lhe
flrsL elemenLs of Lhe Army of Afrlca LhaL arrlved.
1hese unlLs were Lhen senL lnLo Lhe hlnLerland of Lhe
naLlonallsL conLrolled Lowns and clLles, Lo rooL ouL Lhe
Rojos (Reds) within them and secure the area for the
rebels. Columns of Lrucks wlLh Lhese forces would roll
off lnLo Lhe counLryslde, occaslonally meeLlng some
form of organlzed reslsLance, buL more usually rolled
lnLo small Lowns and vlllages, demanded LhaL Lhe
8o[os be ldenLlfled and Lhen summarlly execuLed
Lhem.

As Lhe rebel army became Lhe naLlonallsL Army, Lhe
need for men led Lo conscrlpLlon. Many Look Lhe
opporLunlLy Lo [oln Lhe lalange, as lL appeared clear
LhaL Lhese would be used malnly ln Lhe rear areas Lo
pacify territory that the army gained. Much to the
dlsLress of many of Lhese men, lL was declded Lo use
lalanglsLs Lo flesh ouL army formaLlons, whlch were
sLlll on Lhelr reduced peace-Llme organlsaLlon. Whlle
ln some cases Lhls was merely a case of addlng
lndlvldual CenLurla Lo army unlLs, Lhe process was
compleLed by creaLlng enLlre baLLallons of lalanglsLs,
organlzed and as much as was able, equlpped, on Lhe
army model.

AL Lhls polnL Lhe lalange began Lo lose lLs ldenLlLy and
oLher Lhan small concesslons, as regards lnslgnla and
symbollsm, became llLLle dlfferenL Lo an army unlL of
slmllar slze. 1hls process was Lo be compleLed when
Lhe lalange and Lhe LradlLlonallsL mlllLlas, Lhe
8equeLes, were merged Lo form Lhe lolooqe spoolo
1toJlclooollsto y Je los Iootos Je Ofeoslvo Nocloool-
5loJlcollsto (Spanlsh 1radlLlonallsL halanx of Lhe
Assemblles of naLlonal-SyndlcallsL Cffenslve) Lhe
lL1 y de las !CnS, ln Aprll 1937.

1hls llsL can be used Lo represenL a lalange plaLoon-
slzed unlL operaLlng elLher as a compleLe formaLlon,
or as one supporLed by ouLslde elemenLs, ln Lhe early
monLhs of Lhe Clvll War. 1hls llsL ls good unLll around
CcLober-november 1936, afLer whlch polnL Lhe
lalange became more mlllLarlsed and began Lo
recelve lLs own lnLegral supporL weapons, along wlLh
a share of ordlnary conscrlpLs, becomlng llLLle
dlfferenL Lo any oLher naLlonallsL formaLlon ln Lhe
process.

All of lLs supporL weapons are provlded by Lhe army
formaLlons of Lhe area or formaLlon lL belongs Lo and
are aLLached purely for Lhe duraLlon of a slngle
operaLlon. 1hese formaLlons are shorL of Lhese same
weapons Lhemselves however, so Lhelr avallablllLy ls
llmlLed. ln some areas lalanglsLs foughL alongslde
8equeLes as a dlsLlncL mlnorlLy, ln oLhers Lhe slLuaLlon
was reversed.

1he lalanglsLs were very much a mlxed bag. WlLh Lhe
presence of both true believers, common or garden
Lhugs, bully-boys and of course falled drafL-dodgers, lL
was hard Lo Lell how a unlL would behave unLll lL came
under flre. Whlle as wlLh any unlL, experlence and
Lralnlng would make a dlfference over Llme, ln Lhe
lnlLlal baLLles Lhe lalanglsLs were as unpredlcLable as
Lhe opular MlllLla Lhey faced.

Llke mosL of Lhe Clvll War mlllLlas, Lhere were also
mounLed companles of lalanglsLas, who were used as
scouLs and mounLed lnfanLry, a role LhaL Lhey
appeared Lo have performed adequaLely and whlch
saw Lhem supporLlng regular cavalry unlLs on occaslon
Loo.

Page 15

"#$%&'&()$*&+' ,&*&'&$+

"-./0"012.304" ,030"0.5 6789
:2."012.304";
1he mlllLlas of Lhe LradlLlonallsL parLles, usually
referred Lo as 8equeLes, adopLed an organlsaLlon
somewhaL slmllar Lo LhaL of Lhe Spanlsh Army, buL
subsLlLuLlng Lerms laden wlLh symbollc value.

1he laLoon (lqueLe) conslsLed of a command
elemenL, of a laLoon Leader (!efe de lqueLe) a llrsL
SergeanL (SargenLo rlmero) along wlLh four
"#$%#&'(. 1here were Lhree SecLlons (Crupos), each
led by a SergeanL (SargenLo de 8equeLes) and
composed of Lhree Squads (aLrullas), each composed
of a Cabo and flve 8equeLes.

Whlle Lhe offlcer carrled a plsLol, all oLher ranks
carrled a rlfle, Lyplcally a Mauser, buL several Lypes
were ln use. 1he 8equeLes had no oLher weapons aL
Lhls Llme and were Lo rely on whaL supporL could be
provlded by naLlonallsL Army unlLs.

unlquely amongsL Lhe 8equeLes (and 8epubllcan
8asques) was Lhe presence of rlesLs ln Lhe flrlng llne
Lhls was noL unusual. ueeply held rellglous bellefs
provlded Lhelr forces wlLh a zealousness LhaL would
ulLlmaLely see Lhem become Lhe shock Lroops of Lhe
laLer formed naLlonallsL Army. 1hese rlesLs are
represenLed as a supporL llsL cholce as Lhey mlghL noL
always be seen wlLh Lhe plaLoon porLrayed by a
players force.

Slmllarly, 8equeLes ofLen wenL lnLo baLLle wlLh a
8ellglous lcon, ofLen a holy banner carrled by a
respecLed senlor non-commlssloned offlcer. 1hls Lo ls
allowable as a supporL level cholce and may be
comblned wlLh Lhe presence of a rlesL Lo reflecL a
parLlcularly plous plaLoon wlLh a flerce combaL edge.

ln Lhls llsL only Lhe flrsL Lwo secLlon of a plaLoon are
represenLed as full sLrengLh plaLoons were noL always
flelded. 1o represenL a compleLe plaLoon a player may
Lake a 8equeLes SecLlon as supporL llsL cholce.
<3."112 =1->? -."02@
!"##$ &" '#()*+", -1 (+1)
-&..+$/ 012#: 3
<3."112 A?./BC.-"?-4
)#*# +# "#$%#&'( ,-+ ./012 3,/4#-&2 5!"#$%&'%
)"*&'% +$,-$%./0 ,/1#+ 60&7 /0*8# 2/ 90(&28 ,-+ ,
4/2%9 2* *2%/ /0*8# ,/1#+ "#$%#&'(:
!"#$# &$# '() *#+',)-. /#$ 01&'))-2 #&+"
4?>"012 A?./BC.-"?-4
3,/4#-&2 +# "#$%#&'(; )"*&'% +$,-$% ,/1#+ 60&7 ,
/0*8# 2/ 3<=
!"#$# &$# '"$## *34&5. /#$ *#+',)-2 #&+"
-0=3? 4BC./4 12? "1 "A-??
-0=3? 4BC./ -0=3? 4BC./ -0=3? 4BC./
> "#$%#&'( > "#$%#&'( > "#$%#&'(
Pand grenades can Laken as a supporL llsL
upgrade.
All 8equeLes are rlfle armed.
CaLhollc rlesLs were an lnLegral parL of 8equeLe
forces and one can be added Lo Lhe plaLoon as a
supporL llsL opLlon.
8equeLes may be Laken as Creen or 8egular.
Squads equaLe Lo 1eams ln Lhls organlzaLlon.

.-,D 4C<<1-" 304" 21"?4
explanaLory. 1ransporL only vehlcles, such as a car are
slmply vehlcles, wlLh no crew. 1lznaos vehlcles come
wlLh a !"#$%& ()*+)&. vehlcles do noL have 8adlos.
8emember, you wlll need Lo allocaLe men Lo drlve
Lhese.

wlLh a !"#$%& ()*+)&. lnfanLry 1eams rarely come wlLh
llsLs show all !"#$%& ()*+)& asslgnmenLs where Lhey
noLes.
>.-304" -?BC?"? >A.-.>"?-04"0>4
314+ 5* -"167& '#89, The Carlist battle cry ,$-* ./
0&$12% 3)45 ((%#6 ($-) 07&$12 27) 8$#6!) lnsplred Lhe
8equeLe soldlers wlLh a rellglous feroclLy ln aLLack.
1herefore, Lhey are always LreaLed as Aggresslve.

:+2;+/+, When flred upon ln cover by small arms
weapons, re-roll any 1s that miss.

Page 16

EF,, ,1-".- 4BC./
loaders. All were armed wlLh rlfles.

A 9)#$%& or !"#$%& ()*+)& may boLh acLlvaLe and/or
MorLar 1eam, whlch off course, can spoL for lLself.

may use Lhelr carblnes. lf Lwo morLars are flelded, Lhe
SecLlon galns a SargenLo as a !"#$%& ()*+)&.

9F,, G H6,, ,1-".-4
Lwo-tube mortar section is 10x10 with the aiming

02=.2"-D 4?>"0124
1he oLher lnfanLry opLlons reflecLed here are aLLached
SecLlons of elLher, 8equeLes, Army, SecurlLy Servlces,
or Afrlcan Army personnel, represenLlng Lhe ad-hoc
unlLs formed ln Lhe early parL of Lhe Clvll War.

<-0?4"
MosL companles of 8equeLes had Lhelr own rlesL,
who wenL lnLo baLLle wlLh Lhem. unlLs wlLh an
aLLached rlesL are raLed as Aggresslve and always
lgnore Lhe flrsL polnL of shock recelved by enemy
acLlon. 1hey have Lhelr shock reduced by double Lhe
usual amounL (l.e. 2 polnLs per lnlLlaLlve spenL) lf boLh
a leader and rlesL are aLLached - See SecLlon
4.3.3. 1he lnsLanL Lhe rlesL ls no longer aLLached
apply all rules relaLlng Lo shock Lo effecLed unlLs.
rlesLs are LreaLed as offlcers when deLermlnlng loss
ln play.

-?30@01C4 0>12
lf chosen unlLs wlLh an aLLached 8ellglous lcon may
lgnore one polnL of shock recelved per phase of play.
1he banner bearer may noL flre a weapon buL does
counL as flghLlng ln combaL. Pe may acL as a 9)#$%&
()*+)& lf he ls noL ln Lhe command dlsLance of
anoLher 9)#$%& ()*+)& and can acLlvaLe unlLs ln Lhe
same way. lf he ls kllled anoLher soldler may carry Lhe
lcon buL may noL acL as a Leader as descrlbed.

>.I.3-D 4BC./
1hese Lroops are LreaLed as Lhe equlvalenL 8equeLes
lnfanLry, buL are mounLed on horses. 1hey may
remaln mounLed before deploymenL or dlsmounLed
uslng Lhe opLlons avallable ln Lhe Cavalry Speclflc
8ules.

,131"1I >1>J".03

<3."112 3?./?-4
Cne or boLh plaLoon leaders may be upgraded Lo
Senlor Leaders.
"-./0"012.304" ,030"0. <=>>?'@ AB<@
AB<@ ?C5
Medlcal Crderly
Ad[uLanL
laLoon Leaders
8oadblock
MoloLov CockLall
Add LMC Lo a slngle squad ln one secLlon*
Add hand grenades Lo all rlfle squads
AB<@ @D?
30mm MorLar Squad wlLh 3 crew (1 per secLlon)*
rlesL
8ellglous lcon
Small 1lznao vehlcle
AB<@ @E'55
Snlper 1eam, 2 men
MounLed 8equeLe Squad wlLh !"#$%& ()*+)&
70/16 lnfanLry Cun wlLh 3 crew and a !"#$%& ()*+)&:
60mm MorLar SecLlon wlLh Cbserver*
lnfanLry SecLlon (Creen) wlLh !"#$%& ()*+)& (Army)
lnfanLry SecLlon (Creen) wlLh !"#$%& ()*+)& (8equeLe)
Medlum 1lznao vehlcle
AB<@ F?='
lnfanLry SecLlon wlLh !"#$%& ()*+)& (AfrlcanlsLa)***
lnfanLry SecLlon wlLh !"#$%& ()*+)& (SecurlLy Servlces)
PoLchklss M1914 MMC on Lrlpod mounL, 3 crew**
81mm MorLar SecLlon wlLh Cbserver*
Large 1lznao vehlcle
AB<@ FB35
MounL enLlre SecLlon on horses
:;7)1) *&) *&<4 *11)21 =&%-$+)+ *1 1"==%&2> %#/4 %#) %?
27)1) %=2$%#1 <*4 @) 1)/)A2)+ +") 2% 27) $#$2$*/ /%B /)-)/ %?
1"==%&2 *-*$/*@/)C
::;7$1 $1 *# *&<4 *11)2 =&%-$+)+ *1 1"==%&2> * <*D$<"< %?
2B% %? 27)1) <*4 @) 1)/)A2)+> @"2 A%"#21 *1 * 1$#6/) 1"==%&2
%=2$%# $# &)1=)A2 %? 27) #%2) *@%-)C
:::E#/4 *//%B)+ 2% F#+*/"AG*# 3)H")2I1C
Page 17
1he Lroops whlch have become known Lo us as Lhe
8equeLes, were a mlx of mlllLlas drawn from several
pollLlcal and soclal groups LhaL exlsLed wlLhln Spaln
durlng Lhe era. 1helr one common faceL was LhaL Lhey
were all osLenslbly devouL and fervenL 8oman
CaLhollcs. 1o whaL exLenL Lhls was Lrue ln each
lndlvldual case ls open Lo quesLlon, buL neverLheless lL
does appear LhaL, as a rule rellglous fervor wlLhln
unlLs of 8equeLes dld surpass revoluLlonary or
counLer-revoluLlonary fervor ln almosL any oLher unlL,
wlLh perhaps Lhe excepLlon of Lhe Leglon, whlch also
shared some of soclo-rellglous bellefs generally held
by the Requets. In the Legions case, thls was mlxed
wlLh a dlsclpllne code and culLure whlch glorlfled
sacrlflce for counLry, glvlng Lhem Lhe edge on acLs of
vlrLually sulcldal bravery.

1he bulk of Lhe 8equeLes were drawn from navarre
and Lhe areas surroundlng lL and whlch culLurally
were very much part of Old Spain. Only in the few
Lowns LhaL had embraced lndusLry, was Lhere
anyLhlng llke any popular supporL for soclallsL vlews
and by and large, llLLle had changed slnce Lhe Mlddle
Ages. 1he only oLher area of noLe for produclng
8equeLes was Andalucla, where as a show of sLrengLh
for the Traditionalist movement, six hundred of
Lhem had marched Lhrough Sevllle, earller ln 1936.

LlLLle wonder Lherefore LhaL bellef LhaL Lhe 3%J%1
(8eds) wanLed Lo Lear down everyLhlng LhaL Spaln
meanL Lo Lhese people and commlL Lhem Lo an
eLernlLy ln purgaLory for crlmes agalnsL Cod, done ln
Lhelr name, should provoke such fury. 1o add fuel Lo
Lhe flre, Lhe CaLhollc Church supporLed such bellefs
and rouLlnely ralled agalnsL Lhe 8o[os and Lhelr
Lransgresslons, from Lhe pulplL. lor Lhe 8equeLes Lhls
was noL a war over pollLlcal dlfferences, buL a Poly
Crusade.

As was Lhe case elsewhere, sympaLheLlc Army offlcers
had been helplng Lo resurrecL Lhe mlllLlas whlch had
defended boLh Monarchy (albelL wlLh rlval clalmanLs)
and Church durlng Lhe CarllsL Wars of Lhe 19
Lh

CenLury. MlllLary flrearms were relaLlvely few, buL
many lndlvlduals owned one of a range of hunLlng
rlfles and shoLguns, allowlng meanlngful Lralnlng Lo be
underLaken. When Lhe rebelllon began Lhe 8equeLes
began Lravelllng Lo Lhose Lowns whlch formed Lhe
cenLre of Lhe revolL ln Lhelr reglon.

lor Lhe navarrese lL was amplona and for Lhe
Andaluclans Sevllle. Whlle as usual Lhere were noL
sufflclenL supporL weapons Lo equlp Lhem, rlfles were
avallable, albelL of some anLlqulLy on occaslon. ln
many cases conLlngenLs of men were also
accompanled by Lhelr local prlesLs, who ln effecL
became Commissars of God in the Requete
formaLlons.

lnlLlally Lhe varlous unlLs of 8equeLes were grouped
wlLh llne formaLlons, so LhaL supporL weapons could
be aLLached Lo Lhese mlllLla formaLlons and Lhey could
also en[oy somewhaL more locallsed arLlllery and
loglsLlcs supporL, Lhan would oLherwlse be avallable
Lo groups composed solely of 8equeLes. 1hls was laLer
formallsed when Lhe navarrese 8rlgades were formed
ln lebruary of 1937, each of whlch grouped one
regular reglmenL wlLh several 1erclos (8aLLallons) of
8equeLes. 8y Lhls Llme Lhe 8equeLes were recelvlng
Lhelr own supporL weapons as supply allowed and
were beglnnlng more and more Lo adopL Lhe sLandard
Spanlsh organlsaLlonal sLrucLure.

uesplLe Lhelr amalgamaLlon wlLh Lhe lalange ln Aprll
1937, Lhe appearance of Lhe navarrese unlLs
remalned largely unchanged LhroughouL Clvll War and
Lhe lL1 de las !ons adopLed Lhelr dlsLlncLlve 8ed
8ereLs (8olnas 8o[as). ConLrary Lo popular bellef
however, Lhese were noL unlversal and many
lndlvlduals and unlLs wore Lhelr clvlllan black bereLs.
Whlle Lhe lalanglsL unlLs ln Lhe norLh were vlrLually
absorbed by Lhe more numerous 8equeLes Lhere, Lhe
Andaluclan 8equeLes remalned as dlsLlncLlve unlLs
unLll Lhe end of Lhe Clvll War.

1hls llsL can be used Lo creaLe a 8equeLe lnfanLry
laLoon (lqueLe) of Lhe perlod !uly Lo november
1936, afLer whlch Llme Lhelr organlsaLlon began Lo
conform Lo LhaL of Lhe 8egular Army, as dld Lhelr
equlpmenL. As a body of men, Lhe 8equeLes were
capable wlLh Lhelr weapons and whlle any formaLlon
LhaL has yeL Lo come under flre, ls somewhaL suspecL,
Lhe 8equeLes galned a repuLaLlon for belng sLeadfasL
and aL Llmes LoLally wlLhouL fear.

neverLheless Lhey also suffered from lack of
experlence and Look needless casualLles LhaL more
experlenced unlLs could have avolded. Llke oLher
mlllLlas of Lhe Clvll War, Lhe 8equeLes were noL
llmlLed Lo belng lnfanLry and several mounLed
companles were ralsed ln Lhe norLh and aL leasL one
ln Lhe SouLh. Whlle noL Lrue cavalry, Lhey performed
Lhe mounLed lnfanLry and scouL roles more Lhan
adequaLely.

Page 18

"#$%&$' ()*+) ,*-++. /)%)'#$*&.

",01"02 (,/ 3"415 610,772
820,"7201"9,:
1he sLandard lLallan paLLern 8lfle laLoon (loLone dl
luclllerl) conslsLed of a laLoon PeadquarLers of a
LleuLenanL (1enenLe), who was asslsLed by a laLoon
SergeanL (rlmo SergenLe). lL ls llkely LhaL Lwo rlvaLes
were also presenL as Lhe offlcers servanL and Lhe
plaLoon runner.

1here were Lhree Lwelve-man 8lfle SecLlons
(Squadra), each conslsLlng of a SergeanL (SergenLe), a
Corporal (Caporale) and 10 8lflemen. All were armed
wlLh a Modello 91/28 or slmllar bolL acLlon rlfle, wlLh
the exception of one man, who manned the sections
8reda M30 llghL machlne gun. 1he SergeanL could
subsLlLuLe a 8ereLLa M1918/30 or slmllar sub-machlne
gun for hls rlfle. 1he secLlon was Lyplcally dlvlded
between a gun group and a grenadier group, led by
Lhe SergeanL and Corporal respecLlvely.

1he MSvn unlLs followed Lhe same organlsaLlon
structure, but substituted their own Romanised unit
and rank names. laLoons became !"#$%&'&(, led by a
)"%& +$ !"#$%&'&. 1he ,-."+/" were led by a )"%& +$
,-."+/" and were composed of ,-."+/$(0$. 1he
respecLlve second ln commands slmply preflxed Lhelr
rank wlLh ,&00& (Sub), l.e. ,&00&1)"%& +$ !"#$%&'$.

no supporL weapons were held ln Lhe lndlvldual
Companles ()&2%"3#$" ln Lhe Army, )4#0./$" ln Lhe
MSvn), buL Lhe 4
Lh
Company ln Lhe baLLallon
conLalned boLh Medlum Machlne Cun and MorLar
laLoons. unllke Lhelr Spanlsh allles, Lhe lLallans
appear Lo have aLLached Lhese unlLs Lo lndlvldual
companles as Lhe LacLlcal slLuaLlon demanded.

Peavler supporL was also held aL 8eglmenLal and
ulvlslonal levels, conslsLlng of a range of medlum
morLars, anLl-Lank guns, anLl-alrcrafL guns and
arLlllery. AlLhough grouped lnLo separaLe formaLlons,
Lank or armoured car unlLs could also be added Lo a
force.

unllke boLh Lhe domesLlc lLallan Army and MSvn
formaLlons, Lhe unlLs of Lhe C1v had a hlgh raLlo of
motor transport, principally to showcase Italys
mlllLary as a modern force. 8oLh Lhe 1sL CCnn
ulvlslon "ulo lo vuole" and Lhe regular army 4
Lh

Littorio Dlvlslon, were boLh fully moLorlzed
formaLlons, wlLh dedlcaLed LransporL for even Lhe
lnfanLry. 1he remalnlng formaLlons were classed as
seml-motorised, with formations being shuttled by a
fleeL of lnLegral LransporL. 1here was noL a slngle
horse ln Lhe whole of Lhe C1v.

",01"02 03;< = 4159(>0 610,772 473(5 30,"2?
!"#$%&'( +3
)*++&,- /01": 3
((22 !"#$%&'()* 610,772 473(5 30,"2?
2'"", *' !"#$%&'( +3 lf Creen, +3 lf 8egular
)*++&,- /01": 3
!"#$$ &'()*+ ,$# -.)/0012 $)3"

All men ln Lhe rlfle group are equlpped wlLh hand
grenades and all besldes Lhe LMC gunner carry
Lhe M1891 Carcano rlfles.
lLallan Army reflecLs Lroops from Lhe LlLLorlo
ulvlslon. 8efore mld-1937 subLracL one (-1) Lo
Lhelr force morale dle roll score.
CCnn 8lackshlrL plaLoons are raLed Creen before
mld-1937. AfLer LhaL Llme Lhey are raLed 8egular,
buL apply a -1 force morale modlfler.
1he CCnn Crupo de xxlll de Marzo, wheLher
Creen or 8egular, always apply a -1 force morale
modlfler.
llecha plaLoon raLlngs represenL unlLs of Lhe
lLallan-Spanlsh 8rlgades.
Croups equaLe Lo 1eams ln Lhls organlzaLlon.

610,772 >50@AB03,539
1enenLe !"# rlmo SergenLe "%&"'() *&!#&)+,-
#$%&' ()*+ ,)-*./ .$ 012 #3' *(. $)4/&%&3
$533&$-6
9AB0@ >50@AB03,539
SergenLe7 #$%&' ()*+ # $)4/& .$ 012 "./"'()
*&!#&),6
!40 5#0(,+ ,$# &'()*2 $)3"
;? ?37B6 3"415 ?37B6
8$&'# 9127 : ;$&(7
< $)4/&%&3
= $)4/&%&3
Page 19

",01"02 (,/ 34556!7 8937
8937 6:;
Medlcal Crderly
Ad[uLanL
8oadblock
8arbed Wlre
Lnglneer Mlne Clearance 1eam, 3 men
Lnglneer uemollLlon 1eam, 3 men
A Ammo for Lhe Cv 33/33
8937 7<6
re-Came 8arrage
43 mm MorLar Squad wlLh 3 crew
1ruck Lo LransporL enLlre Squad, Leam or Low a
weapon
Lancla Ansaldo lZM armoured car
8937 7=!;;
Cv 33/33 1ank
llameLhrower 1eam, 2 men*

Snlper 1eam, 2 men
Cannone da 37/43 A/1 Cun, 3 crew, 5.#$&/ 64"+4/77
63/17 lnfanLry Cun, 3 crew and 5.#$&/ 64"+4/
M14 MMC on Lrlpod mounL, 3 crew
8andom Alr SupporL
8937 >64!
M33 MMC on Lrlpod mounL, 3 crew
81mm MorLar Squad wlLh observer
Cannone-MlLragllera 20/63 AA gun wlLh 3 crew
Cannone da 47/32 A/1 gun, 3 crew and 5.#$&/
64"+4/7
Lnglneer SecLlon wlLh 5.#$&/ 64"+4/
8937 >9?;
ScouL Squad wlLh 5.#$&/ 64"+4/ on 3 moLorcycles
8937 39@
Cv 33/33 Lanclaflamme
*Cnly one selecLlon.
**noL before Aprll 1937.
",01"02 (,/ (>030(,53"9,"(9
90/7"0C
1he baLLle cry of Lhe Pouse of Savoy was Lhe slgnal
Lo hurl grenades and assaulL Lhe enemy. 1o reflecL
Lhls, when a ,4#$&/ 64"+4/ aLLached Lo a 84"2 or
,-."+ uses Lwo Command lnlLlaLlves, he may lead a
charge against any enemy within 12 preceded by a
hall of grenades.

8oll 1u6, subLracLlng 1 lf Lhe enemy ls ln llghL cover,
2 lf ln hard cover. Cn a roll of 1 or 2, one hand
grenade has hlL Lhe LargeL unlL, on 3 or 4, Lwo
grenades hlL, on 3 or 6, Lhree grenades hlL Lhe
LargeL. 8oll for Lhe effecL of Lhese and Lhe 84"2 or
,-."+ may Lhen move wlLh up Lo 3u6 Lo Lry Lo
lnlLlaLlve )'&(4 )&29"0.

?3B667 ;",30?1"0,73"
lL was lLallan LacLlcal docLrlne LhaL Lhe
)&22"#+"#04 +$ ,-."+/", Lhe Squad ,4/34#04,
regulaLe Lhe conLrol of Lhe machlne gun group, ln
parLlcular looklng Lo provlde flre supporL for hls own
manoeuvre elemenL under Lhe )"%&/"'4 and Lhe
oLher squad.

1o reflecL Lhls docLrlne when Lhe SergenLe ls
aLLached Lo a machlne gun Leam and uses Lwo or

Page 20

03;< 9B6673, 1"9, 27,59
MosL of Lhe supporL opLlons wlll be self-explanaLory.
All armoured cars come wlLh a 5.#$&/ 64"+4/.
1ransporL only vehlcles, such as a car are slmply
vehlcles, whlch come wlLh no crew. 8emember, you
wlll need Lo allocaLe men Lo drlve Lhese.

vehlcles do noL have radlos. lnfanLry 1eams rarely
come wlLh a Leader, whereas heavler supporL
weapons do. 1he llsLs show all 5.#$&/ 64"+4/
asslgnmenLs where Lhey are presenL for all Lroops
barrlng vehlcles as dlscussed above.


D3"E"0 ;FG HG;; ;73,03 ,50;
Lach squad conslsLed of a slngle lLallan 8rlxla M33
43mm morLar. 1he squad lncludes a weapons gunner
and Lwo loaders. All were armed wlLh rlfles.

1he lLallan 43mm morLar ls very accuraLe addlng +1
when flrlng aL any LargeL ln llne of slghL. Powever, Lhe
morLar rounds have poor fragmenLaLlon so do noL
reduce cover by one level. 1he lLallan 43mm morLar
has P.L. and smoke rounds avallable. lL has a
may use Lhelr carblnes. Powever, only Lhree smoke
rounds may be flred by each morLar ln any game

A ,4#$&/ or 5.#$&/ 64"+4/ may boLh acLlvaLe and/or
MorLar 1eam, whlch off course, can spoL for lLself.

IJ;; ;73,03 9AB0@
Lach baLLallon only had Lwo medlum morLars ln LoLal.
1he bombardmenL area for a Lwo-Lube morLar secLlon
is 10x10 with the aiming point at the centre. Use
Lhe rules for Cff 1able lorward CbservaLlon 1eams
when flrlng.

KGLJM 4"51@ ?B2 D0,,53<
8aLLery.

410;5,>37N539
1he M33 lnfanLry flameLhrower Leams are Lwo men
sLrong. 1he lLallan flameLhrower has a maxlmum
range of 6. Italian flamethrower Lanks have a
maxlmum range of 18.

",01"02 >02@ ?3520@59
lLallan hand grenades depended on Lhe force of an
impact-based detonation system, which proved
unreliable in action. To reflect this they roll with a -1
Lo hlL Lhelr LargeL.

;7,73(<(15 9(7B, 9AB0@
An lLallan ScouL squad ls made up of one 5.#$&/
64"+4/ and flve scouLs wlLh rlfles and grenades. lf
sLarLlng Lhe game dlsmounLed roll 1d6 per squad
before Lhe aLrol hase beglns. Cn a score of 4,3,6
you galn one free aLrol hase move wlLh any of your
markers. 1hls ls ln addlLlon Lo any scenarlo speclflc
rules regards bonus paLrol moves, however, a force
may never have more Lhan slx free paLrol phase
moves. When deployed dlsmounLed Lroops are placed
on-Lable wlLhouL Lhelr moLorcycles.

A dlsmounLed scouL squad may move wlLh 1u6 or 2u6
and Lhen assume a 1acLlcal sLance when acLlvaLed by
a Leader uslng Lwo Command lnlLlaLlves.

302@7; 0"3 9B6673,

06 0;;B2","72
1he Cv 33/33 may be equlpped wlLh Armour lerclng
ammunlLlon. lf Laken Lhe round has an A of 1 and
ammunlLlon lasLs only ln Lhe 0./# lL ls flred.

Page 21

1he repuLaLlon of Lhe )&/%& 8/.%%4 :&'&#0"/$4, Lhe
Corps of Italian Volunteers sent by Mussolini to
supporL Lhe naLlonallsLs, has probably suffered as
much from lrancolsL propaganda and subsequenL
hlsLorlcal commenLary based on LhaL propaganda, as
lL ever dld from 8epubllcan bulleLs. Whlle Lhe force
dld have lLs shorLcomlngs, noL leasL LhaL Lhey were
noL acLually volunLeers and ln some cases noL even
soldlers, lL was by far Lhe mosL modern and besL
Lralned of Lhe forces lnvolved ln Lhe Clvll War.

Despite Francos publicly low oplnlon of Lhem and Lhe
exLenL Lo whlch he mlnlmallzed Lhelr conLrlbuLlon Lo
hls vlcLorles, lLallan Lroops formed beLween 23 Lo
30 of Lhe formaLlons lnvolved ln any ma[or
naLlonallsL offenslve beLween Lhelr arrlval ln early
1937 and Lhe end of Lhe Clvll War. Whlle he never
publlcally pralsed Lhem, a sorL of belaLed
acknowledgmenL of Lhelr sacrlflce, was glven Lo Lhem
by placlng an lLallan unlL aL Lhe head of Lhe vlcLory
arade of 1939. 1he Condor Leglon, Lhe formaLlon
upon whlch so much lnk has been used pralslng Lhelr
over-raLed conLrlbuLlon, broughL up Lhe rear of Lhe
100,000 man parade.

AL Lhe Llme Lhe lLallan mlllLary docLrlne was perhaps
Lhe mosL advanced ln Lhe World. 1he concepLs of
rapld advance ()4'4/4) by moLorlsed unlLs, supporLed
by arLlllery and close alr-support, was Blitzkrieg
warfare before the term had ever been coined. Italys
lnfanLry had adopLed a LacLlcal organlsaLlon, whlch
lncluded Lhe now-standard trinary formations, now
used almosL world-wlde, as early as 1929, as well as
Lhe ldea of modular supporL elemenLs and Lhe
formaLlon of ad hoc baLLlegroups for speclflc mlsslons
and slLuaLlons. lL was however a LacLlcal docLrlne LhaL
by and large, lLs mlllLary was unable Lo operaLe Lo,
due Lo Lhe overall lack of moLorlzed LransporL across
Lhe whole of lLs forces.

1he C1v was lavlshly equlpped wlLh moLor LransporL
by any sLandard of Lhe Llme and was acLually able Lo
puL many of Lhese ldeas lnLo pracLlce. 1he dlfflculLy
was LhaL lLallan docLrlne clashed wlLh Spanlsh
naLlonallsL alms. ln a Lyplcal war, rapldly movlng
offenslves LhaL Look vasL swaLhes of ground before
Lhe enemy could marshal lLs forces Lo counLer-aLLack,
would have been perfecL.

lranco however wanLed Lo Lake Spaln lnch by lnch,
removlng any remalnlng Lrace of soclallsm, rooL and
branch as he proceeded. WhaL was more, he wanLed
Lo be seen Lo achleve Lhe rebulldlng of Spaln and lLs
people wlLhouL ouLslde help. lL was Lo be a
8econqulsLa LhaL Look Spaln back from Lhe ;&<&(
(Reds), achieved by true Spaniards. Mussolini on the
oLher hand, wanLed Lo be seen as Lhe domlnanL man
ln Lhe MedlLerranean and SouLhern Lurope, and lL Lo
be clear LhaL Spains deliverance from Communism
could only posslbly be achleved wlLh hls supporL.

lor Lhe lLallan commanders Lherefore, besldes
sLruggllng wlLh 8epubllcan armles LhaL were becomlng
lncreaslngly more able and lndeed well-equlpped,
Lhey had Lo aLLempL Lo demonsLraLe LhaL Lhelr
vlcLorles were belng achleved solely by Lhe lLallan
Corps, whlle reslsLlng Spanlsh aLLempLs Lo dlvlde Lhelr
formaLlons and Lo deploy Lhelr Lroops ln wasLeful
operaLlons, ln whlch Lhey would bear Lhe brunL of Lhe
flghLlng and obvlously Lhe resulLanL casualLles.

1he lnlLlal use of Lhe lLallans was durlng Lhe
Andaluclan campalgn Lo Lake Lhe Malaga, where Lhe
1
sL
MSvn ulvlslon, supporLed by Lhe flrsL of Lhe Lank
unlLs, proved more Lhan adequaLe for Lhe Lask ahead
of lL. Whlle Lhe brunL of Lhe lll-coordlnaLed and
somewhaL dlvlded reslsLance was dlrecLed aL Lhe
naLlonallsL forces advanclng up Lhe coasL, Lhe lLallans
sLlll had some hard-flghLlng Lo do, across some qulLe
poor Lerraln.

laclng almosL even numbers of enemy Lroops, Lhe
comblned Spanlsh-lLallan force was vlcLorlous. lranco
played down Lhe vlcLory, noL only because Lhe lLallans
had largely been responslble for lL, buL also LhaL Lhe
Spanlsh commander, Culepo de Llano, Lhe man who
had Laken Sevllle and creaLed Lhe brldgehead for Lhe
naLlonallsLs ln Lhe SouLh, was aL rlsk of belng seen as
a poLenLlal rlval Lo hls poslLlon.

1he nexL ma[or acLlon for Lhe lLallans was Lhe 8aLLle of
Cuadala[ara, where desplLe aLroclous weaLher, Lhe
lLallans were able Lo creaLe a 30km sallenL whlch
LhreaLened Lhe rouLe Lhrough whlch Lhe 8epubllcans
were re-supplylng Madrld. uesplLe a masslve
8epubllcan counLeraLLack and Lhe well-known
apparent rout of the Italians (who were also
supporLed by Spanlsh Lroops), Lhere was sLlll a
somewhaL smaller sallenL exlsLlng aL Lhe end of Lhe
baLLle. 1he lLallans had Laken heavy losses however
and some Lroops had noL proved up Lo Lhe Lask.
lranco made much of Lhe apparenL fallure of Lhe C1v
and Lhe whole affalr was an embarrassmenL Lo
Mussollnl on Lhe lnLernaLlonal pollLlcal sLage.

1he reorganlzaLlon of Lhe C1v afLer Cuadala[ara led Lo
Lhe dlsbandmenL of Lwo of Lhe 8lackshlrL ulvlslons,
whose men were used Lo replace losses ln oLher unlLs
and Lhe creaLlon of Lhe flrsL mlxed lLalo-Spanlsh
Flecha (Arrow) formations. The rank and file of these
Page 22

formaLlons was Lo be wholly Spanlsh, organlzed on
Lhe lLallan model, wlLh lLallan equlpmenL and lLallan
offlcers and Lralnlng personnel. Whlle Lhe flrsL such
brlgade was based on Lhe lLallan xxlll de Marzo
lndependenL moLorlsed brlgade, Lhe Lwo LhaL
followed were almosL enLlrely Spanlsh. Lach was laLer
expanded Lo dlvlslonal slze, wlLh Lhe added
formaLlons once more almosL wholly composed of
Spanlsh Lroops.

8oLh Lhe Lwo remalnlng lLallan dlvlslons (2
nd
MSvn
and 4
Lh
Littorio) continued to make the same
conLrlbuLlon Lo naLlonallsL successes as prevlously,
buL propaganda aLLenLlon was now focused on Lhe
Spanish Flecha formations, in line with Francos
deslre Lo deplcL Lhe evenLual naLlonallsL vlcLory as a
wholly Spanlsh vlcLory.

1hls llsL can be used Lo represenL boLh Lhe 8egular
Army formaLlons wlLhln Lhe 4
Lh
Littorio Division and
any of Lhe MSvn ulvlslons formlng Lhe C1v. 1he llsL
can also be used Lo represenL Lhe llechas. 1he men of
Lhe 8aggruppamenLo 8eparLl SpeclallzzaLl (88S), Lhe
Corps composite armoured brigade, when not broken
up Lo acL ln an lnfanLry supporL role, have Lhelr own
llsL.

Page 23

"#$%&$' ()* + ,$--./00$12'#3
,20$.#4 5026&$%&77$#&
89:):;< =" >:):("(9"5)"
?;@)":;@9"5)A
1he MoLorcycle laLoons of Lhe 88S were small ScouL
unlLs. 1he laLoon command elemenL conslsLed of a
LleuLenanL (1enenLe), a laLoon SergeanL (rlmo
SergenLe) and Lwo 8lflemen (luclllerl), Lhe whole
elemenL mounLed on Lwo moLorcycles.

Lach plaLoon had Lhree SecLlons (Squadra), each
composed of a SergeanL (SergenLe) a Corporal
(Caporale) and four luclllerl, wlLh Lhree moLorcycles
per secLlon. 1yplcally Lhe offlcers carrled plsLols, wlLh
oLher ranks carrylng Lhe MoscheLLo M.91 Carblne,
alLhough one or more SMCs mlghL be found wlLhln
Lhe plaLoon.

1he Lyplcal supporL for Lhese groups was Lhe Lancla
lZM armoured cars of Lhe compoqolo Je
Aotomlttoqllottlce (MoLorlsed Machlnegun Company),
or Lhe Cv 33/33 Lanks of Lhe CarrlsLl Companles.
SupporL could also be provlded by moLorlsed arLlllery
unlL, posslbly a unlL of Lhe Cv 33/35 Fiamme of the
llameLhrower Lank company, all of whlch were
aLLached Lo Lhe 88S.

ln addlLlon a Spanlsh moLorlsed lnfanLry company was
deployed Lo supporL Lhe 88S. 1hese were deployed ln
Lhelr plaLoons and carrled ln Lwo Lrucks as Lwo half-
plaLoons, one commanded by Lhelr LleuLenanL, Lhe
oLher by Lhelr laLoon SergeanL.

ln addlLlon, when anLl Lank supporL was added lL ls
undersLood LhaL lL came from Lhe mlxed plaLoons LhaL
were made up of a slngle gun of Lhe well regarded
Cannone da 47/32 and Lhree 37mm Cannone da
37/43.

")@9"@; >:):("(9"5)" B:,(< ,@)";C
!"#$%&'( +0
)*++&,- /01": 3
89@)::; D<@=EF@,)<,5
!"#"#$" &#' ()*+, -")."#$"/ 0,$1 !"#$%& (")*"&+,
&)+"' 2*$1 3*4$,5 ,) -67 &#' $2, )*85"+"#9 !2,
+,$,):;:5"49
!"#$$ &'()*+ ,$# -.)/0012 $)3"
5EF@=5 :;< ): )D,<<
-")."#$"/ -.#$%& (")*"&/ &)+"' 2*$1 & )*85" ,) -679
< =*85"+"#9 > 6,$,):;:5"49

All men ln Lhe plaLoon are equlpped wlLh hand
grenades and carry rlfles, excepL where noLed.
Squads may sLarL Lhe game dlsmounLed lf so,
they apply the RRS Mobility characteristic.

@,>G 5F88:,) 9"5) ;:)<5
Ioolot leoJet. vehlcles do noL have radlos.


As Lhls ls a moLorlsed formaLlon every ground supporL
weapon and lnfanLry unlL may be provlded wlLh a
Lruck Lo Low or carry lL. A 1ruck can Low a slngle
lnfanLry, anLl-Lank or anLl-alrcrafL gun, or carry up Lo
Lhree machlne gun Leams, or a slngle lnfanLry secLlon.

A Spanlsh lnfanLry laLoon wlll always come wlLh lLs
full complemenL of Leaders. Weapon 1eams rarely
come wlLh a Leader, whereas heavler supporL
weapons do. Where Lwo or more supporL weapons of
Lhe same Lype are selecLed, a slngle Ioolot leoJet ls
provlded Lo command Lhe SecLlon. 1he llsLs show all
Ioolot leoJet asslgnmenLs where Lhey are presenL for
all Lroops barrlng vehlcles as dlscussed above. 1he
followlng supporL opLlons need some noLes.

>:):("(9"5)"
AddlLlonal moLorcycle squads may be added and lf
Lhree are Laken as supporL, an addlLlonal plaLoon
command elemenL ls galned wlLhouL counLlng as a
supporL cholce. 1hey may also Lake Lhe MoLo-
MlLragllaLrlce supporL opLlon lf Lwo or Lhree squads
are Laken.

Page 24
>:):+>"),@C9"@),"(<
1here were unlLs of MoLorcycle Machlneguns wlLhln
Lhe 88S. 1hese shared Lhe same organlsaLlon and role
as Lhe MoLorcycle laLoons, excepL each squad had a
slngle 8reda M.30 llghL machlne gun as well as lLs
carblnes. lf Lhls opLlon ls Laken, Lhe Lhree orlglnal core
squads of Lhe plaLoon musL alloL one flgure as Lhe
weapons gunner and another as its loader.

>:):,(G(9<5
Motorcycles operate as wheeled vehicles but re-roll
any 1s rolled.

HIJKH B"<9= CF; L@))<,G
8aLLery.

@8 @>>F;")":;
1he Cv 33/33 may be equlpped wlLh Armour lerclng
ammunlLlon as a level one cholce. lf Laken Lhe round
has an A of 1 and ammunlLlon lasLs only ln Lhe toto lL
ls flred.
58@;"5D ";B@;),G 5<()":;
8efer Lo Lhe enlnsular Army lnfanLry llsL for
organlzaLlonal deLalls. 1hls selecLlon ls for one-half of
a plaLoon, always consldered Lo be commanded by a
Ioolot leoJet. 1hey are Laken dlsmounLed.

resumlng LhaL Lhese unlLs also had Lhelr 30mm
MorLar 1eams, Lhese musL also have been spllL
beLween Lhe secLlons and are added lnLo Lhe LoLal
SecLlon sLrengLh, glvlng one LMC 1eam, 1wo 8lfle
1eams and a MorLar 1eam. 1here ls a slngle 5eolot
leoJet and one member of a slngle Leam may be a
Ioolot leoJet.

")@9"@; D@;= C,<;@=<5
lLallan hand grenades depended on Lhe force of an
impact-based detonation system, which proved
unrellable ln acLlon. To reflect this they roll with a -1
Lo hlL Lhelr LargeL.
")@9"@; ()* ,,5 23445!6 7826
7826 59:
Medlcal Crderly
Ad[uLanL
8oadblock
8arbed Wlre
Small 1ruck Lo Low or carry a slngle weapon Leam.
Lnglneer Mlne Clearance 1eam, 3 men
Lnglneer uemollLlon 1eam, 3 men
A AmmunlLlon for Cv 33/33
7826 6;5
re-Came 8arrage
1ruck Lo LransporL enLlre lnfanLry or Weapon SecLlon
ConverL MoLorclcllsLl Lo MoLo-MlLragllaLrlce
Lancla Ansaldo lZM armoured car
7826 6<!::
Snlper 1eam, 2 men
Cv 33/33 1ank
AddlLlonal MoLorclcllsLl Squad
Cannone da 37/43 A/1 Cun, 3 crew, Ioolot leoJet*
63/17 lnfanLry Cun, 3 crew and Ioolot leoJet*
Spanlsh lnfanLry SecLlon (Creen) wlLh Ioolot leoJet**
7826 =53!
Cannone-MlLragllera 20/63 AA gun wlLh 3 crew*
Cannone da 47/32 A/1 gun, 3 crew and Ioolot leoJet
1
Lnglneer SecLlon wlLh Ioolot leoJet
1-268 1ank (19J8-)
7826 =8>:
-
7826 28?
Cv 33/33 Lanclaflamme
1
Cnly one selecLlon.
*noL before Aprll 1937.
**noL afLer Aprll 1937.
()* ,,5 (D@,@()<,"5)"(5
>:L"9")G
lor each squad you can galn one free aLrol phase
move wlLh one of your markers as per Lhe rules.
When deployed dlsmounLed Lroops are placed on-
Lable wlLhouL Lhelr moLorcycles. ln addlLlon, a
dlsmounLed squad(s) may move wlLh 1u6 or 2u6
and Lhen assume a 1acLlcal sLance when acLlvaLed
by a Leader uslng Lwo Command lnlLlaLlves.
5@*:"@M
1he baLLle cry of Lhe Pouse of Savoy was Lhe slgnal
Lo hurl grenades and assaulL Lhe enemy. 1o reflecL
Lhls, when a 5eolot leoJet aLLached Lo a 1eom or
5pooJ uses Lwo Command lnlLlaLlves, he may lead
a charge against any enemy within 12 preceded
by a hall of grenades.

8oll 1u6, subLracLlng 1 lf Lhe enemy ls ln llghL
cover, 2 lf ln hard cover. Cn a roll of 1 or 2, one
hand grenade has hlL Lhe LargeL unlL, on 3 or 4,
Lwo grenades hlL, on 3 or 6, Lhree grenades hlL Lhe
LargeL. 8oll for Lhe effecL of Lhese and Lhe 1eom or
5pooJ may Lhen move wlLh up Lo 3u6 Lo Lry Lo
lnlLlaLlve close combot.

C,F88: >"),@C9"@):,"
As expecLed, Lhe lLallan LacLlcal docLrlne of uslng
Lhe Squad 5etqeote Lo regulaLe conLrol of Lhe
machlne gun group applled Lo Lhe forces of Lhe
88S.

1o reflecL Lhls docLrlne when Lhe SergenLe ls
aLLached Lo a machlne gun Leam and uses Lwo or
Page 25
1he koqqtoppomeoto kepottl 5peclollzzotl
(CroupmenL of Speclal unlLs) 8SS, was a composlLe
formaLlon wlLhln Lhe cotpo Jl 1toppe voloototle,
whlch encapsulaLed all of Lhe armoured unlLs, as well
as several oLher speclallsL unlLs. ln Aprll 1937 lL was
dlvlded lnLo Lwo baLLallons (baLLagllone), Lhe flrsL
composed of Lhe four Lank companles (compoqolo Jl
cottlstl), Lhe AnLl-Lank laLoon (5ezlooe Aotl-cotto)
and a Spanlsh lnfanLry company, whlch Lhe lLallans
provlded wlLh Lwo Lrucks for each of Lhe Lhree
plaLoons.

1he second baLLallon was composed of Lhe Armoured
Car Company (compoqolo Jl Aoto-Mlttoqllottlce), Lhe
MoLorcycle Machlne Cun Company (compoqolo Jl
Moto-Mlttoqllottlce), and Lhe llameLhrower 1ank
Company (compoqolo Je loocloflomme e cbemlco).

1he Croup never foughL as a slngle formaLlon and
instead Company Battlegroups were formed around
lndlvldual Lank companles. Whlle Lhere were noL
sufflclenL unlLs Lo relnforce all four companles,
Lyplcally a company would be relnforced by an anLl-
Lank gun, an armoured car plaLoon, a moLorcycle
machlne gun plaLoon, a flameLhrower Lank plaLoon
and a Spanlsh moLorlzed lnfanLry plaLoon.

lrom SepLember 1937 a baLLery of Cerman ak 36/37
anLl-Lank guns (coooooe J7/45 M.J6), were added,
enabllng each company Lo have an anLl-Lank plaLoon
and 20mm anLl-alrcrafL guns, 63/17 Lowed lnfanLry
guns, an englneer unlL, as well as moLorcycle scouLs,
drawn from wlLhln Lhe C1v lnfanLry dlvlslons,
expanded Lhese relnforced companles even furLher.
Around Lhe same Llme Lhe Spanlsh lnfanLry were
wlLhdrawn from Lhe unlL. 1he flnal addlLlon Lo Lhe
Croup was a company of 1-26 Lanks, capLured and re-
flLLed, someLlme ln early 1938.

1hls llsL can be used Lo creaLe a relnforced moLorcycle
or moLorcycle-machlne gun plaLoon from any polnL
beLween !anuary 1937 and Lhe end of Lhe Clvll War.
AlLhough Lhe 8SS was noL formed before Lhe Malaga
campalgn, Lhe unlLs fronLlng Lhe lLallan Columns were
ln facL slmllar composlLe formaLlons, buL on a smaller
scale.

lor such an early unlL, replace Lhe Spanlsh moLorlzed
lnfanLry opLlon wlLh an lLallan one. CLherwlse,
provldlng Lhe daLes for Lhe lmplemenLaLlon of
weapons and equlpmenL are followed, lL wlll be
representative of the infantry portion of a reinforced
cottlstl unlL aL any polnL ln Lhe Clvll War.

Page 26

"#$%& '#()&$#* +$,#$-./
'01+2'03+41 0567 +'80'1579 '2: ;<=>
1he naLlonallsLs largely preserved Lhe Spanlsh pre-
War organlzaLlon paLLern and wlLh some mlnor
alLeraLlons, applled lL across every lnfanLry formaLlon,
wheLher lL had orlglnaLed as a regular or a mlllLla unlL.
lnlLlally Lhere were weapon shorLages, parLlcularly as
regards morLars and auLomaLlc weapons, buL Lhese
were soon made good by lLems supplled by Lhe
Cermans and lLallans.

1he laLoon (Seccln) was sLlll Lo conslsL of a small
PeadquarLers (lana Mayor), wlLh Lwo 8lfle-Crenadler
SecLlons (eloLones de luslleros Cranaderos). 1he PC
conLlnued Lo be composed of Lhe laLoon Leader, a 1
sL
or 2
nd
LleuLenanL (!"#$"#%" or &'()*"+), asslsLed by a
laLoon SergeanL (,-*."#%/ 1*$2"*/) and wlLh Lwo
luslleros, who were probably a bugler and plaLoon
clerk/runner respecLlvely. 1he Lwo morLar Squads
aLLached Lo Lhe laLoon PC were now gone, Lo be
replaced by a company level secLlon wlLh Lwo
weapons.

1he Lwo 8lfle-Crenadler SecLlons remalned ldenLlcal,
wlLh a SergeanL (SargenLo) leadlng Lhree Squads
(Lscuadras), each of Lhree Squads of a Corporal (Cabo)
and flve 8lflemen (luslleros), excepL Lhe flrsL Squad
whlch had only four 8lflemen. 1he flrsL Squad
operated the Sections light machine gun when one
was avallable. All men were armed wlLh rlfles, buL
some sergeanLs were able Lo obLaln one of several
Lypes of sub-machlne gun LhaL became avallable.

1he Machlne Cun laLoons of Lhe Machlne Cun
Company were, llke Lhelr 8epubllcan counLerparLs
heavlly reduced, wlLh many secLlons operaLlng one
lnsLead of Lwo weapons lnlLlally, glvlng many plaLoons
just two or three weapons, instead of the paper
strength of four.

1he 8lfle Companles now each had a slngle secLlon of
Lwo 30mm morLar Squads. AL baLLallon level Lhere
were Lwo 81mm medlum morLars and a slngle
lnfanLry gun, plus Lhe weapons of Lhe Machlne Cun
Company. As was Lhe case wlLh Lhe 8epubllcans, lL
seems evldenL LhaL lndlvldual machlne gun secLlons
were now belng aLLached Lo lndlvldual companles,
rather than the previous massing of the companys
weapons as a massed battery.

ArLlllery, armour, anLl-alrcrafL and anLl-Lank weapons,
as Lhey became avallable, were all held aL dlvlslonal
level and apporLloned Lo lndlvldual reglmenLs aL Lhe
dlscreLlon of Lhe ulvlslonal Commander. 1he
naLlonallsLs also creaLed several machlne gun
baLLallons as dlvlslonal level unlLs.

5+83? @5?'0A+?5 B30122'
lL ls clear LhaL many unlLs dld noL always have Lhelr
full auLhorlsed levels of supporL weapons lnlLlally. 1he
plaLoon ls Lherefore presenLed wlLh lLs full
complemenL of personnel, buL llghL machlne guns and
morLars are Lo be added as supporL cholces. 1he
1roop 8aLlng of 8egular applles Lo Leglon, 8egulares
and Navarre units as well as Offensive Dlvlslon unlLs,
wlLh Defensive Division units rated Green.

B30122' 825C? 501+'@
!"#$%&' )' *'""+, -2 or -4
!"#$%&', -1 (3".$/#4 5".6'-*"74 8-9-**":
-)..&+/ 012": 3
luslleros ln a non-MorLar or LMC equlpped
Squads have hand grenades.
Squads equaLe Lo 1eams ln Lhls organlsaLlon.
Leglon, 8egulares, navarre are raLed Aggresslve.

B30122' D?0AEF051?54
"#$%#$&#' ()*#+ ,%&- .%/&01 ($+ 2()3#$&0
4)%*#)0' ()*#+ ,%&- )%51# 0) 267' 80&- !"#$%&
(")*"&+, ",0 9:/%1#)0/ ()*#+ ,%&- )%51#/;
!"#$# &$# '() *#+',)-. /#$ 01&'))-2 #&+"
5+83?G @5?'0A+?5 4?C1+2'4 ; H I
2()3#$&0' -.#$%& (")*"&' ()*#+ ,%&- )%51# 0) 267
!"#$# &$# '"$## *34&5. /#$ *#+',)-2 #&+"
4EF0A ; 4EF0A4 I H = ?0CDJ
<(80 = > 9:/%1#)0/ <(80 = ? 9:/%1#)0/
'01+2'03+41 G +'80'157 CD050C1?5+41+C4
3&'#"+4) 5!16%"7*'"+&/1"' 8%&4))+9, 1he secLlon
sergeanL usually dlrecLed Lhe flre of Lhe secLlon
LMC. 1hls requlred a degree of experlenced
soldlers.

1herefore, all naLlonallsL lnfanLry, excepL Lhose
raLed Creen, LhaL has a ,-*."#%/ ;6#$/* 3"-<"*
aLLached Lo a machlne gun Leam, and who uses
Lwo or more Command lnlLlaLlves Lo dlrecL Lhelr
flre, may add u3 Lo Lhe Teams llrepower dlce.

Page 27
60CD+'? @F' B30122'
1he provlslon of auLomaLlc weapons Lo Lhose
formaLlons whlch lacked Lhem ln Lhe early monLhs of
Lhe war, caused general shorLages ouLslde of Lhe
Leglon and Moroccan unlLs. 1he laLoon ls Lherefore
presenLed wlLh lLs full personnel complemenL, buL lLs
weapons are selecLed from Lhe supporL llsL.

1he ldeal provlslon of machlne guns was one weapon
Lo each of Lhe flrsL Lwo Squads of each secLlon, glvlng
four for Lhe plaLoon overall. neverLheless plaLoons
wlLh [usL Lwo or Lhree weapons could be found as laLe
as 1939.

B30122' 825C? 501+'@
!"#$%&', -2
!"#$%&', 0 (3".$/#4 5".6'-*"74 8-9-**":
-)..&+/ 012": 3
Leglon, 8egulares and navarrese are raLed
Aggresslve.

:::

4B?C+8+C 825C? 4B?C+03 5F3?4
WlLhln Lhe naLlonallsL Army Lhere were sLlll dlsLlncLlve
formaLlons. 1he Lhree LhaL sLand ouL are Lhe lorelgn
Leglon, Moroccan 8egulares and navarre (8equeLes)
Lroops, who qulLe naLurally carrled forLh Lhelr
moLlvaLlons and characLerlsLlcs from 1936, buL also
changed from Lhose experlences. 1hey have Lhe
followlng Speclal 8ule CharacLerlsLlcs.

B30122' D?0AEF051?54
"#$%#$&#' ()*#+ ,%&- .%/&01 ($+ 2()3#$&0
4)%*#)0' ()*#+ ,%&- )%51# 0) 267' 80&- !"#$%&
(")*"&+, ",0 9:/%1#)0/ ()*#+ ,%&- )%51#/;
!"#$# &$# '() *#+',)-. /#$ 01&'))-2 #&+"
60CD+'?G @F' 4?C1+2'4 ; H I
2()3#$&0' -.#$%& (")*"&' ()*#+ ,%&- )%51# 0) 267
!"#$# &$# '"$## *34&5. /#$ 01&'))-2 #&+"
4EF0A4 ; H I ?0CDJ 4EF0A =
<(80 = ? 9:/%1#)0/ <(80 = > 9:/%1#)0/
'01+2'03+41 +'80'157 B30122' 4FBB251 3+41
;<3= >?@
Ad[uLanL
SecLlon Leaders (=>?@A)
Medlcal Crderly
Car or 1ruck
Mlnefleld
8arbed Wlre
8oadblock
LnLrenchmenLs for one Squad
Lnglneer Mlne Clearance Squad, 3 men
Lnglneer Wlre CuLLlng Squad, 3 men
Lnglneer uemollLlon Squad, 3 men
1ank PunLers B5".6'-*"7 /#'C:
MoloLov CockLalls
LlghL Machlne Cun Lo equlp a slngle Squad
1op MounLed MMC flLLed Lo 1-268/81-3/8A-3/6***
A Ammo for anzer l or Cv 33/33
re-Came arLlllery (LlghL)*
;<3= =A>
rlesL (8-9-**" 6#$%7 /#'C)
8ellglous lcon (8-9-**" 6#$%7 /#'C)
Cald (D/*/EE-# 6#$%7 /#'C)
CapLured lA-l/unL-33
CapLured Plspano-Sulza MC36 (MC)
re-Came arLlllery barrage*
;<3= =B!@@
Snlper Squad
30mm MorLar SecLlon wlLh observer* (/#F%-G'")
Medlum Machlne Cun Lo equlp a slngle MC Squad
70/16 lnfanLry Cun wlLh ;6#$/* 3"-<"* & 3 crew*
ak 33/36 A1 gun wlLh ;6#$/* 3"-<"* & 3 crew
Cv 33/33 or anzer l 1ank
CapLured 8A-3/8A-6 or M37
CapLured Plspano-Sulza MC36 (43mm)
8andom Alr SupporL
re-Came arLlllery barrage (Peavy)*
;<3= C>D!
Moroccan Cavalry ScouLs
Medlum Machlne Cun Squad wlLh ;6#$/* 3"-<"*
2cm llak 30 wlLh ;6#$/* 3"-<"* & 3 crew
73mm lleld Cun wlLh ;6#$/* 3"-<"* & 3 crew
anzer l wlLh 20mm 8reda**
CapLured 1-268
CapLured 81-3 (/#'C -(%"* 8/9 37)
;<3= C<E@
-
;<3= 3<F
88mm llak 18 Cun wlLh ;6#$/* 3"-<"* & 3 crew
;<3= 3@E@?
Medlum Machlne Cun SecLlon wlLh ;6#$/* 3"-<"*
*1hls opLlon may only be selecLed once le fleld guns or
morLars. Cnly one Lype of 30mm MorLar secLlon (on or
off-Lable) may be chosen.
**One only, from October 37, and only if one or more
oLher z l vehlcles are Laken as supporL cholces.
***1938+
'01+2'03+41 G 3?@+2' CD050C1?5+41+C4
;& ;"#1)+, WhllsL Lhe callber of Leglon
relnforcemenL decreased afLer Lhe excesses of
Lhe 1936 offenslves, Lhe Leglon sLlll had enough
of a veLeran cadre Lo lnsLlll an aggresslve splrlL
lnLo lLs formaLlons. 1herefore, Lhey are always
LreaLed as Aggresslve.

Page 28
'01+2'03+41 G '0:055?4? CD050C1?5+41+C4
E1G& @% -'1H4) !"IJ, The Carlist battle cry H$9- I'
J*$7%/ 5"CK (3/#. 3$9" JL*$7% %L" M$#.!) lnsplred
Lhe 8equeLe soldlers wlLh a rellglous feroclLy ln
aLLack. 1hls eLhos conLlnued ln Lhe navarre unlLs
of 1937 and beyond. 1herefore, Lhey are always
LreaLed as Aggresslve.

0567 4FBB251 3+41 '21?4
explanaLory. All Lanks, armoured cars and 1lznaos
come wlLh a ;6#$/* 3"-<"*. vehlcles do noL have
radlos.

1ransporL vehlcles such as a car or Lruck, are slmply
Lhe vehlcle lLself and come wlLh no crew. 8emember,
you wlll need Lo allocaLe men Lo drlve Lhese.

wlLh a ;6#$/* 3"-<"*. lnfanLry and weapons Squads
rarely come wlLh a leader, whereas full secLlons and
heavler supporL weapons do. 1he llsLs show all ;6#$/*
3"-<"* asslgnmenLs where Lhey are presenL for all
Lroops barrlng vehlcles as dlscussed above.

PlsLorlcal noLe: All weapons and vehlcles should be
from Lhe same class (l.e. A1 Cuns, armoured cars,
Lanks eLc) musL be of Lhe same Lype and model, l.e.
1-268 and 81-3 Lanks may noL be used LogeLher.
B5? @06? "0550@?
Cf Lhe Lhree Lypes of pre-game barrages posslble,
only one may be chosen. lf lL ls Lhe llghL barrage, Lhen
Lhe 30mm on-Lable morLar secLlon may noL be Laken
as a cholce from Lhe supporL llsL - Lhe llghL barrage
represenLs Lhe use of Lhe 30mm morLar baLLery, Lhe
opposlng player adds +1 Lo hls dle roll per rule 4.3.
1he Peavy barrage represenLs Lhe dedlcaLed asseLs of
103mm+ baLLerles ln supporL, Lhe opposlng player
subLracLs -1 Lo hls dle roll per rule 4.3.

4?C1+2' 3?0A?54
All laLoon SecLlon leaders may be upgraded Lo
Superlor !unlor Leaders from 1938.

36@
Cne weapon per selecLlon may be lssued Lo a Squad.
Squad can replace crew casualLles.

ln 8lfle laLoons only one LMC may be lssued per
Squad and only Squad ln a SecLlon may be so
equlpped. ln Machlnegun laLoons only one weapon
may be lssued Lo a Squad and LhaL Squad may noL
have a Medlum Machlne Cun lssued Lo lL.

6?A+F6 60CD+'? @F'4
A slngle Medlum Machlne Cun may be lssued, per
selecLlon, Lo up Lo Lwo Squads ln each Machlne Cun
SecLlon only. The Cabo becomes the weapons gunner
and two Fusileros are assigned as the weapons
loaders. CLher luslleros ln Lhe same Squad can
replace crew casualLles.

A Medlum Machlne Cun may noL be lssued ln
con[uncLlon wlLh a LlghL Machlne Cun ln Lhe same
Squad, buL Lhe SecLlon or laLoon lLself may conLaln a
mlx of boLh weapon Lypes.

6?A+F6 60CD+'? @F' 4?C1+2'
A 8lfle laLoon may selecL Lhe Machlne Cun SecLlon as
a supporL cholce, buL may noL selecL a Machlne Cun
8arrage or SupporL llre as addlLlonal opLlons lf he
does (Lhough an arLlllery barrage ls sLlll posslble). 1he
SecLlon musL be flelded as a slngle unlL of Lwo Squads
under lLs ;6#$/* 3"-<"* and elLher may noL be
deployed beyond hls command dlsLance.

288G10"3? 60CD+'? @F' 8+5? 4FBB251
llre SupporL. lf on-Lable MMCs are Laken Lhen off-
Lable MC flre supporL ls noL allowed.

'01+2'03+41 G 5?@F305?4 CD050C1?5+41+C4
K)')22&+H, 1hese flerce norLh Afrlcan Lroops
were very adepL aL Lhe use of any cover where
seemlngly none exlsLed. Moroccans can move wlLh
1u6 or 2u6 and assume a 1acLlcal sLance aL Lhe
end of Lhelr movemenL. 1hey are LreaLed as
Aggresslve.

D+/"' 4L" "I"H )6 4L" -&M/, lf selecLed as a
supporL cholce, Lhe Cald may be acLlvaLed on a
Command ulce roll of 3. lf Lhe player acLlvaLes Lhe
Cald, he does noL lncrease hls Chaln of Command
Lally by one. When acLlvaLed a Cald moves as
normal. lf aLLached Lo a squad he may move wlLh
LhaL squad wlLhouL belng acLlvaLed hlmself.

CombaL. A Cald does noL flre or crew weapons,
nor acLlvaLe squads or Leams. lf Lhe ,"#$/* 3"-<"*
ls kllled, Lhe presence of Lhe Cald reduces Lhe
effecL of hls loss Lo LhaL of a ;6#$/* 3"-<"*. 1he
loss of Lhe Cald counLs as LhaL of a ,"#$/* 3"-<"*.

Page 29
K;66 6251054
1he naLlonallsLs conLlnued Lo deploy [usL Lwo 81mm
morLars as baLLallon supporL weapons. 1he
bombardmenL area for Lhe morLar secLlon is 10x10
wlLh Lhe almlng polnL aL Lhe cenLre. use Lhe rules for
Cff 1able lorward CbservaLlon 1eams when flrlng.

LM66 625105 4?C1+2'
1eam of an Cbserver and Lwo 8egulars. All were
armed wlLh rlfles. use Lhe laLoon Cbserver-ScouL
rules when flrlng.

may use Lhelr carblnes.

B30122' 2"4?5:?5G4C2F14
1he Cbserver-ScouLs operaLed as boLh scouLs and as
observers for Lhe MorLar Squads of Lhe plaLoon.
end a move ln a 1acLlcal sLance. As long as Lhey have
when spoLLlng ln Lhls way Lhey lose Lhelr 1acLlcal
sLance.

lf wlLhln Lhe command dlsLance of any ,"#$/* or ;6#$/*
3"-<"* of Lhelr plaLoon, Lhey may be used Lo acLlvaLe
Lhe MorLar Squads/SecLlon (lf Lhey have LCS) as lf
those squads themselves were in that Leaders
MorLar Squads). 1his allows the Platoons Leaders to

lf on-Lable supporL weapons ever deployed ouLslde of
Lhls army llsL (posslbly ln a scenarlo game) Lhey wlll
usually have Lhelr own Cbserver-ScouLs, who can also
be used Lhe same way by the Platoons ,"#$/* 3"-<"*7
ln respecL Lo Lhe weapon Leam Lhey belong Lo and are
acLlvaLed ln Lhe same way as above.

B5+?41
MosL navarre companles had Lhelr own rlesL, who
wenL lnLo baLLle wlLh Lhem. unlLs wlLh an aLLached
rlesL are raLed as Aggresslve and always lgnore
Lhe flrsL polnL of shock recelved. 1hey have Lhelr
shock reduced by double Lhe usual amounL (l.e. 2
polnLs per lnlLlaLlve spenL) lf boLh a leader and
rlesL are aLLached - See SecLlon 4.3.3. 1he lnsLanL Lhe
rlesL ls no longer aLLached apply all rules relaLlng Lo
shock Lo effecLed unlLs. rlesLs are LreaLed as offlcers
when deLermlnlng loss ln play.
NLOIK 8+?3A @F' "011?57
8aLLery.

5?3+@+2F4 +C2'
navarre unlLs ofLen wenL lnLo baLLle wlLh a 8ellglous
lcon, ofLen a holy banner carrled by a respecLed
senlor non-commlssloned offlcer. lf chosen unlLs wlLh
an aLLached 8ellglous lcon may lgnore one polnL of
shock recelved per phase of play. 1he banner bearer
may noL flre a weapon buL does counL as flghLlng ln
combaL. Pe may acL as a ,"#$/* 3"-<"* lf he ls noL ln
Lhe command dlsLance of anoLher ,"#$/* 3"-<"* and
can acLlvaLe unlLs ln Lhe same way. lf he ls kllled
anoLher soldler may carry Lhe lcon buL may noL acL as
a Leader as descrlbed.

10'P DF'1?54
A maxlmum of Lwo !"-27 may be formed per
platoon, each from one of the platoons Sections,
each !"-2 counLlng as one supporL llsL cholce.

lor each cholce Laken a ,"#$/* or ;6#$/* 3"-<"* may
creaLe a new !-#N O6#%"* !"-2 followlng Lhe rules as
per (4.3.7). A !"-2 ls creaLed from Lhree men Laken
from one Section in a players force. Tank Hunters can
make one Grenade and Petrol Can attack per game
as descrlbed on 1able Seven (9.3.4).

6252CC0' C0:0357 4C2F14
parL of a naLlonallsL formaLlon wlLh Moroccan forces
Lhen Lhey may be selecLed as a supporL opLlon. 1he
player can fleld a slngle Squad of Moroccan Cavalry
organlsed Lhe same way as enlnsular Army Cavalry
refer Lo LhaL army llsL for deLalls. 1hls selecLlon
assumes Lhe cavalry ls mounLed. 1hls unlL uses all Lhe
Moroccan Speclal 8ules and Cavalry Speclflc 8ules.

C0B1F5?A :?D+C3?4
1he naLlonallsLs acqulred lncreaslng numbers of
capLured vehlcles as Lhe war conLlnued, so much so
LhaL each armoured baLLallon was able Lo fleld a
whole company of 1-268 Lanks, ofLen lncludlng a
plaLoon of 81-3 Lanks, by Lhe end of Lhe war. 1hese
were formed lnLo unlLs of a slngle Lype however and
any vehlcles used musL be of Lhe same Lype and noL a
mlx.

50'A26 0+5 4FBB251 H 623212: C2CP10+3
8efer Lo Lhe Speclflc 8ules for 8andom Alr SupporL
and MoloLov CockLalls.

0B 066F'+1+2'
1 and ammunlLlon lasLs only ln Lhe %6*# lL ls flred.
Page 30
1he maln dlfflculLy faced by Lhe naLlonallsL Army was
provldlng sufflclenL supporL weapons Lo lLs lnfanLry
formaLlons. AlLhough lL had been able Lo equlp Lhe
lalanglsLs, 8equeLes and oLher volunLeers wlLh rlfles,
many of lLs regular unlLs, ouLslde Lhe Army of Afrlca aL
leasL, were Lhemselves shorL of morLars and
auLomaLlc weapons. lnlLlally Lhe varlous mlllLlas and
volunLeers had slmply been lncorporaLed lnLo exlsLlng
regular formaLlons Lo brlng Lhem up Lo Lhelr full
warLlme complemenL, alLhough Lhey largely reLalned
Lhelr own organlsaLlonal sLrucLures aL flrsL.

Powever Lhere were soon so many volunLeers, LhaL
Lhey were able Lo form addlLlonal baLLallons of Lhelr
own and Lhese formaLlons lacked auLomaLlc weapons,
morLars and oLher supporL weapons. 1he shorL Lerm
soluLlon was Lo deLach some of Lhese elemenLs from
exlsLlng regular formaLlons, Lo supply Lhese unlLs wlLh
aL leasL some supporL. 1he rlsk wlLh Lhls sLraLegy was
LhaL lL could make any conLrlbuLlon Lhese weapons
could offer somewhaL worLhless across Lhe board,
raLher Lhan [usL a porLlon of Lhe army. 1here were
already formaLlons wlLh Lhe equlvalenL of Len
baLLallons LhaL were supporLed by as few as Lwelve
fleld guns and any ma[or read[usLmenL mlghL make
Lhe slLuaLlon worse.

1he soluLlon was Lo essenLlally dlvlde Lhe army lnLo
dlvlslons whlch were formally deslgnaLed as elLher
offensive or defensive divisions. 1he offenslve
dlvlslons were Lo conLaln largely regular formaLlons,
whlle Lhe defenslve dlvlslons were Lo have more
mlllLla unlLs Lhan regular, some were even wholly
composed of mlllLla. AL Lhe same Llme, Lhe mlllLlas
were Lo be mlllLarlzed, so as Lo adopL a common
organlsaLlonal sLrucLure, whlch conformed wlLh LhaL
of Lhe regulars. WlLh lncreaslng supplles of Cerman
and lLallan weapons arrlvlng on almosL a monLhly
basls, Lhe regulars began Lo pass down lncreaslng
numbers of Lhelr older weaponry Lo equlp Lhe mlllLlas.

1he process was begun ln uecember 1936, alLhough
some unlLs had already begun Lhe process. Whlle Lhe
organlsaLlonal sLrucLure was changed, Lhe mlllLla
formaLlons reLalned Lhelr rank and unlL deslgnaLlons.
A lalange unlL was sLlll dlvlded lnLo 8anderas,
CenLurlas and lalanges, and were sLlll commanded by
Jefes, but these were now the size of Battalions,
Companles and SecLlons. More sulLable offlcers were
provlded by Lhe regulars, by vlrLue of whaL amounLed
to field commissions amongst senior non-
commlssloned offlcers, comblned wlLh varlous
promoLlons of offlcers across Lhe whole of Lhe army.
1hls resulLed ln former sergeanLs becomlng plaLoon
leaders overnlghL, former company commanders now
leadlng baLLallons and so on up Lhe hlerarchy.

1he Lyplcal baLLallon (or 8andera, 1erclo, 1abor eLc.)
sLrucLure was now four rlfle companles and a machlne
gun company, or aL leasL a machlne gun plaLoon aL
worsL. Lach rlfle company was ldeally Lo be supporLed
by a morLar secLlon of Lwo 30mm morLars and Lhe
baLLallon reLalned a Lwo 81mm morLar secLlon, and ln
Lhe regular formaLlons aL leasL, a 70mm lnfanLry gun.
1he somewhaL confused flrsL few monLhs had
separaLed baLLallons from Lhelr parenL reglmenLs, so
baLLallons were now formed ln groups (agrupaclones),
groups lnLo brlgades and brlgades lnLo dlvlslons.

A dlvlslon was ldeally supposed Lo conslsL of Lwelve
baLLallons, buL some had as few as slx or elghL. Cne
lnfanLry baLLallon mlghL be replaced by a machlne gun
baLLallon (four machlne gun companles and one rlfle
company) ln some dlvlslons. 1here were supposed Lo
be Lwo arLlllery groups (ldeally one of 73mm and one
of 103mm), each of Lhree baLLerles, wlLh four guns
per baLLery, as well as Lhe usual englneer, supply and
other tail services. ulvlslonal reconnalssance was
provlded by Lhe addlLlon of, a cavalry squadron (ofLen
with one of its regiments machine gun platoons if it
was a regular unlL), or a mounLed mlllLla unlL, or a
motorised cavalry company (essenLlally an lnfanLry
company organlzed llke Lhe cavalry, buL equlpped
wlLh vehlcles).

Armoured and anLl-Lank unlLs were ln shorL supply,
buL elLher Lhe naLlonallsLs own, or lLallan or Cerman
unlLs could be Lemporarlly aLLached, usually as
compleLe companles, Lo supporL an aLLack. 1he
presence of Lhese unlLs was dlcLaLed by wherever Lhe
maln naLlonallsL war efforL was belng dlrecLed aL any
parLlcular Llme. ln laLe 1936 and early 1937, Lhls was
around Madrld (excepL for Lhe brlef campalgn Lo Lake
Malaga by Lhe flrsL elemenLs of Lhe C1v), buL Lhls
shlfLed Lo Lhe norLh afLer mld-1937 and Lowards Lhe
Aragon lronL ln 1938.

1hls llsL enables a somewhaL generlc naLlonallsL 8lfle
or Machlne Cun laLoon Lo be flelded, sulLable Lo
represenL any of Lhe varlous Lypes wlLhln Lhe army.
1he Leglon and Moroccans had Laken heavy casualLles
ln Lhe flrsL few monLhs of Lhe War and Lhe
replacemenLs recelved were noL always volunLeers
nor had Lhey recelved Lhe same sLandard of Lralnlng.
1he replacemenLs dld however geL placed wlLhln
exlsLlng unlLs led by experlenced soldlers and Lhe
esprit de corps is likely to have been preserved. How
much Lhls seLs Lhem aparL from Lhe 8equeLes of Lhe
navarre 8rlgades, who were also consldered Lo be
ellLes, ls up Lo Lhe player Lo declde.

1he Moroccans could cerLalnly sLlll reLaln Lhelr
aggresslveness and Lhe lnfluence of Lhe Cald, even lf
Lhey are downgraded from Lhelr prevlous ellLe sLaLus.
Page 31
In the same manner a regular Legion platoon could
sLlll beneflL from lLs own speclal characLerlsLlcs, buL
Lhelr effecLlveness ls somewhaL blunLed as a resulL.
1he 8equeLes sLlll appear Lo have reLalned Lhelr
aggresslveness, buL experlence was Lempered by
losses, resulLlng ln no real change oLherwlse.

1he lalange and 8egular Army unlLs would be hard Lo
Lell aparL by Lhls Llme, excepL for unlform deLalls.
1helr losses were boLh replaced from Lhe same pool
of conscrlpLs and Lhelr leaders elLher galned
experlence and promoLlon, or dled and were replaced
by Lhose below Lhem. 1haL belng sald, anyone who
had rlsen Lo command a plaLoon had galned valuable
experlence before belng elevaLed Lo LhaL poslLlon,
exacLly how much dependlng on how able hls
predecessor had been and Lhe amounL of acLlon Lhe
unlL had experlenced. Lven offlcers Lransferred ln
from Lhe newly esLabllshed academles had mosLly
galned a place Lhere as [unlor or non-commlssloned
offlcers ln Lhe earller baLLles.

Page 32

!"#$#%&'() +),- .#/(#0)-

!12.2345+6 +678 .29+2:68; <=>? @A45BCD:E
@2+:.C2+5.3: C6 61!4F5.D+2E
1he 1acLlcal lnfanLry 8egulaLlons of 1927/29 and Lhe
lnfanLry Cfflcers Culde of 1933, descrlbe Lwo Lypes of
lnfanLry plaLoon of Lhe Spanlsh Army, 8lfle Crenadler
laLoons (5ecclooes Je loslletos CtoooJetos) and
Machlne Cun laLoons (5ecclooes Je AmettolloJotos).

A battalions five companies were divided into four
companles, each of Lhree rlfle grenadler plaLoons,
wlLh Lhe lasL company formed wlLh four machlne gun
plaLoons. As a cosL-cuLLlng measure ln 1930, Lhe
number of acLlve plaLoons ln each company was
reduced Lo Lwo, wlLh excess weapons placed ln
sLorage.

6.951 G612+H.16 !5+:CC2
1he 8lfle Crenadler laLoon (5ecclo) was
commanded by elLher a 1
sL
or 2
nd
LleuLenanL (1eoleote
or Alftez), asslsLed by a laLoon SergeanL (5otqeoto
ltlmeto). 1wo oLher luslleros, who may have been a
bugler and a plaLoon clerk/runner, compleLed Lhe PC
Squad.

ln 1932 lL was declded Lo add Lwo morLar squads
(Lscuadras de Lanzagranada) Lo Lhe PC, each of a
Corporal (Cabo), a ScouL-Cbserver (xplotoJot-
ObsetvoJot) and 3 8lflemen (luslleros), who served a
slngle MorLero valero Modello 1932, buL shorLages of
Lhese weapons probably meanL LhaL Lhe rlfle grenade
dlscharger lL replaced (slmllar Lo Lhe lrench v-8) was
Lo be used unLll lL became avallable.

1he remalnder of Lhe laLoon was dlvlded lnLo Lwo
SecLlons (lelotooes), each led by a SergeanL
(SargenLo) and conslsLed of a LlghL Machlne Cun
Squad (Lscuadra), wlLh a corporal and four men
servlng a slngle lusll-AmeLralladora M.1923 or
M.1930 (PoLchklss Mle. 1922 or Mle. 1924) and Lwo
8lfle Crenadler Squads (scooJtos), each of a corporal
and 3 rlflemen armed wlLh rlfles and grenades.

!5+:CC2 9C6D1 6+:.2G
!"##$% +0
&'(()$* ,-.#: 3
!5+:CC2 I1+HJ4+6:163
!"#$"#%" '$%( )$*%+, -!"#$%& (")*"&+, .#/ 0.12"#%+
31$4"1+ '$%( 1$5," --.#$%& (")*"&+, 6 78*$,"1+* '$%(
1$5,"*9 0:+8% !".4 +5 6 ;<*"1="1>0:+8%* '$%( ?$5,"*9
!"# %&'()*'+,)-(./'& 01-)*2 "34/ 4/' 56
5+2K+G6+2+H+ 3J4+H3 C21 L :MC
@ 78*$,"1+*
!/'&' )&' 4"# 0'.43#(2 7'& 89)4##(: ')./
31D:.C2 I1+HJ4+6:163
0.12"#%+A -.#$%& (")*"& .14"/ '$%( 1$5,"9
!/'&' )&' 4/&'' 01-)*2 7'& 0'.43#(: ')./
6.951 3J4+H3 C21 :C :I611
57G 3J4+H 6.951 3J4+H 6.951 3J4+H
@ 78*$,"1+* B 78*$,"1+* B 78*$,"1+*
All luslleros have rlfles. All luslleros ln 8lfle
Squads have grenades.

7+DI.21 G42 !5+:CC2
1he Machlnegun plaLoons were deployed as flxed
unlLs and noL dlvlded lnLo Leams Lo supporL lndlvldual
companles or plaLoons. 1helr organlsaLlon mlrrored
LhaL of Lhe 8lfle Crenadler laLoons, wlLh Lhe omlsslon
of Lhe loozoqtoooJo Squads.

!5+:CC2 9C6D1 6+:.2G
!"##$% -2
&'(()$* ,-.#: 3
luslleros are armed wlLh rlfles.
luslleros ln a rlfle only squad have grenades.
Note. 8otb klfle-CteooJlet ooJ Mocbloe Coo plotooos ote
sbowo ot foll stteoqtb, wbeo tbey ofteo ooly boJ soppott
weopoos fot bolf tbot, tbos tbelt mottot ooJ mocbloe qoos
ote obtoloeJ os cbolces oo tbe llotooo 5oppott llst.
!5+:CC2 I1+HJ4+6:163
!"#$"#%" '$%( )$*%+, -!"#$%& (")*"&+, .#/ 0.12"#%+
31$4"1+ '$%( 1$5," --.#$%& (")*"&+, 6 78*$,"1+*9
!/'&' )&' 4"# 0'.43#(2 7'& 89)4##(: ')./
31D:.C2 I1+HJ4+6:163
0.12"#%+A -.#$%& (")*"& .14"/ '$%( 1$5," +1 0CD
!/'&' )&' 4/&'' 01-)*2 7'& 0'.43#(: ')./;
7+DI.21 G42 3J4+H3 < L N 6.951 3J4+H
B 78*$,"1+* @ 78*$,"1+*
Page 33

+678 34!!C6: 5.3: 2C:13
vehlcles come wlLh a !unlor Leader. vehlcles do noL
have 8adlos. 1yplcal llghL weapon Lypes are shown


llsLs show all !unlor Leader asslgnmenLs where Lhey
above.

!5+:CC2 CF316O16B3DC4:3
1he Cbserver-ScouLs operaLed as boLh plaLoon scouLs
and as observers for Lhe Lanzagranada Squads of Lhe
plaLoon. 1helr effecLlveness and ablllLy ls ln dlrecL
comparlson Lo Lhe unlL Lhey are parL of however,
where Lhey are consldered one class above Lhe resL of
Lhe plaLoon for game purposes (l.e. lf Lhelr plaLoon ls
Creen, Lhey are 8egular).

end a move ln a LacLlcal sLance. As long as Lhey have
llne of slghL Lo any flgure ln a Lanzagranada Squad
Lhey may spoL for lL (or boLh of Lhem lf Lhey are
deployed as a whole secLlon). As communlcaLlon
lnvolves slgnallng, when spoLLlng ln Lhls way Lhey lose
Lhelr LacLlcal sLance.

lf wlLhln Lhe command dlsLance of any Senlor or
Ioolot leoJet of Lhelr plaLoon, Lhey may be used Lo
acLlvaLe Lhe Lanzagranada Squads/SecLlon (lf Lhey
have LCS) as lf Lhose squads Lhemselves were ln LhaL
Leaders command distance, for the appropriate
acLlon polnLs (one Lo acLlvaLe Lhe scouLs and one Lo
acLlvaLe Lhe Lanzagranada Squads). 1hls allows Lhe
Platoons Leaders to spot for the mortars when firing
lndlrecLly.

lf on-Lable supporL weapons are ever deployed
ouLslde Lhe consLralnLs of Lhls army llsL (posslbly ln a
scenarlo game) Lhey should have Lhelr own Cbserver-
ScouLs, who can be used Lhe same way by Lhe
Platoons 5eolot leoJets ln respecL Lo Lhe weapon
way as above.

/012134567 6789 21:61;79 /56;<<1 34//<7; 523;
523; <10
Medlcal Crderly
Ad[uLanL
8oadblock
Lnglneerlng 1eam of 3 men
Cne v-8 Lype launcher for boLh loozoqtoooJo Squads*
Cne 30mm MorLar for a slngle loozoqtoooJo Squad*
Cne M22 LMC added Lo a slngle LMC squad**
523; ;=<
llameLhrower 1eam
re-Came 8arrage
8enaulL l1 (MC) or l1 (37mm) Lank
3

(MoJtlJ ot 2otoqozo boseJ oolts ooly)
1rubla A-4 Lank
3
(Notlooollst 1oleJo keqlmeot ooly)
8llbao armoured car

523; ;>700
Snlper 1eam, 2 men
Cavalry ScouL Squad and Ioolot leoJet (Cavalry LlsL)
Medlum Machlne Cun Lo equlp a slngle MC Squad
70/16 lnfanLry Cun wlLh 3 Crew and a Ioolot leoJet
2
1

CA-1 Schnelder AssaulL 1ank (kepobllcoo ooly)
3
Cff-Lable Machlne Cun llre SupporL**
8andom Alr SupporL
523; :<47
1

73/28 lleld Cun wlLh !unlor Leader & 3 Crew
2
523; :2?0
-
523; 32@
1

103mm Medlum lleld Cun wlLh !unlor Leader & 3 Crew
2

E8lfle laLoons only (max 2 weapons per plaLoon)
**noL avallable Lo Machlne Cun laLoons
1
Cnly one selecLlon of any of Lhese Lypes.
69
Cnly one selecLlon of any of Lhese Lypes.
F9
Cnly one selecLlon.
Page 34
OBF :8!1 5+42DI163 L PQ77 7C6:+63
1be 5poolsb boJ JevelopeJ qteooJe Jlscbotqets fot
tlfles os eotly os 191J. 1bey wete oppoteotly oseJ
Jotloq tbe klf wot, oltbooqb tbese ote llkely to bove
beeo lteocb v-8 types by tbeo. wblle tbey seem to
bove beeo lssoeJ to tbe ootmol sectloos ot fltst, tbe
later formation of the two Lanzagranada squads may
bove beeo plckeJ op ftom lteocb ptoctlce. wblle tbe
loteotloo boJ beeo to teploce tbe Jlscbotqets wltb
llqbt mottots, sbottoqes meoo tbot lt ls llkely tbot
mooy oolts stlll boJ tbem.

1herefore, Lhe opLlon ls glven Lo equlp Lhe squads
wlLh elLher a rlfle-dlscharger or Lhe lnLended llghL
morLar (buL noL boLh).

1he v8 Launcher has a minimum range of 18 and a
maximum range of 60. It may target any unit which
can be seen by frlendly Lroops buL lL counLs any LargeL
whlch lL can see as belng ln close range, and any lL
cannoL see as belng aL effecLlve range. ln Lhe flrsL
round of flre aL a LargeL (even one lL has flred aL
prevlously) lL wlll roll half of Lhe normal flrepower
dlce. lL can be operaLed by one man.

lf Lhe morLar ls selecLed, Lhree crew need Lo be drawn
from wlLhln Lhe squad Lo operaLe lL. CasualLles can be
replaced from wlLhln Lhe squad and Lhe crew may use
their rifles if targets are under the mortars minimum
range of 18. 1he 30mm morLar only flres P.L.
8ounds.

5.GI: 7+DI.21 G42
lf Lhe lnLegral llghL machlne gun ls supplled Lo Lhe
llghL machlne gun squad, Lwo flgures need Lo be
drawn from Lhe squad as lLs crew. 1he remalnlng
flgures may shooL as normal and may replace crew
casualLles. 1here can be only one LMC per LMC squad
and only one LMC squad per secLlon.

71H.47 7+DI.21 G42
1hls opLlon ls only avallable Lo machlne gun squads
ln machlne gun plaLoons. Cnly one weapon may be
selecLed per squad and Lhere can only be Lwo such
squads ln each secLlon. 1he weapon requlres LhaL
Lhree crew are drawn from wlLhln Lhe squad, who
can also replace crew casualLles.

F+::+5.C2 34!!C6: +331:3
ocb bottolloo boJ o sloqle weopoos plotooo, wblcb
opetoteJ o sloqle mottot sectloo of two weopoos ooJ
o sloqle lofootty qoo. 1be otlqlool mottots oseJ wete
tbe 60mm lofltte MoJel 1925 ooJ tbe qoo wos tbe
coo Je Mootoo 5cboelJet 70/16 MoJello 1908.

8otb tbese weopoos boJ beeo scbeJoleJ fot
teplocemeot by tbe voleto 81mm MoJello 19JJ ooJ
tbe coo cootto cotto 40/25 MoJello 19JJ (olso
known as the Arellano). In the event only around half
of tbe oew mottots ooJ botely ooy of tbe 40mm qoos
wete lssoeJ befote tbe clvll wot beqoo.

C99B:+F51 ?Q77RS<77 7C6:+6 31D:.C2
WlLh only Lwo weapons, Lhe barrage LhaL could be
dellvered was somewhaL less Lhan LhaL whlch could
be dellvered by Lhe laLer four-weapon plaLoons of
WW2. The adjusted area of effect is 10 x 10 with the
almlng polnL ln Lhe cenLre.

8efer Lo Lhe Speclflc 8ules for Cff 1able lorward
CbservaLlon 1eams when flrlng.

C99B:+F51 7+DI.21 G42 9.61 34!!C6:
llre SupporL.

TPRNS 9.15H G42 F+::168
1be 8tlqoJes of tbe lofootty wete soppotteJ by tbe
ottlllety teqlmeots, epolppeJ wltb 5cboelJet 75/28
llelJ Coos. uoe to tbe lock of otbet soppott weopoos,
tbese oolts occoslooolly opetoteJ mocb fottbet
fotwotJ to sopplemeot tbe somewbot meoqte flte-
soppott of bottolloo mottots.

8efer Lo Lhe Speclflc 8ules for Cff 1able 73/28 ArLlllery
8aLLery SupporL.

6+2HC7 +.6 34!!C6:

Page 35
AfLer Lhe unsuccessful coup on !uly 19
Lh
1936, Lhe
varlous lnfanLry formaLlons found Lhemselves elLher
ln CovernmenL or 8ebel-held areas, lrrespecLlve of
Lhe pollLlcal ldeologles, or lndeed apollLlcal vlews, of
many of Lhe soldlers wlLhln Lhem. Cn elLher slde
politically unreliable officers were belng arresLed
and wlLh Lhe excepLlon of Lhose unlLs acLlvaLed by
offlcers lnvolved ln Lhe coup, confuslon relgned, wlLh
many soldlers mllllng abouL ln Lhelr barracks ln
confuslon.

1he 8ebels found Lhemselves ln possesslon of nlne
lnfanLry 8eglmenLs concenLraLed ln Lhe norLh, a
furLher slx ln Andalucla and Lhe SouLh, wlLh slx more
spread across Spaln, alLhough some of Lhese were
besleged ln Lhelr barracks by forces loyal Lo Lhe
CovernmenL. 1hese reglmenLs were Lo form Lhe core
of whaL was Lo become known as Lhe naLlonallsL
Army.

1he formaLlons LhaL remalned ln CovernmenL-held
areas, alLhough ln many cases acLlvely aLLempLlng Lo
puL down Lhe Coup, were vlewed wlLh dlsLrusL by
boLh Lhe CovernmenL and Lhe as yeL largely unarmed
mlllLlamen. 1he resulL was LhaL Lhe army was
dlsbanded and lLs weapons lssued Lo Lhe 1rade
unlons who conLrolled Lhe mlllLlamen. Whlle numbers
of former soldlers [olned Lhe mlllLlas, elLher as
lndlvlduals or as compleLe unlLs, wheLher ln unlform
or wlLhouL, oLhers Look Lhe opporLunlLy Lo reLurn Lo
Lhelr homes. CvernlghL any formal mlllLary enLlLy ln
Lhe CovernmenL Zones ceased Lo exlsL.

Llke mosL naLlons ln Lhe posL-CreaL War perlod, Spaln
reduced Lhe slze of lLs mlllLary for flnanclal reasons.
Whlle lLs forces ln lLs Moroccan Colonles were
malnLalned aL Lhelr full sLrengLh, lLs domesLlc mlllLary
was reduced by over a Lhlrd. All of lLs unlLs and Lhelr
LradlLlons were reLalned, buL by deacLlvaLlng a
baLLallon ln each reglmenL, one company ln each
remalnlng baLLallon and one plaLoon ln each
remalnlng company, conslderable savlngs ln
manpower were achleved.

Whlle ln Lheory Lhe weapons for Lhese deacLlvaLed
unlLs were kepL ln sLorage, Lhe need Lo malnLaln
equlpmenL levels ln colonlal unlLs and Lhe creaLlon of
Lhe AssaulL Cuards, resulLed ln sLored weapons belng
removed Lo equlp Lhem. Such was Lhe need, LhaL
there werent even enough support weapons to fully
equlp all of Lhe baLLallons on Lhelr peaceLlme
esLabllshmenL, leL alone lf Lhey had been moblllzed
for war.

1hls llsL can be used Lo represenL a 8egular lnfanLry
laLoon from a enlnsular-based lnfanLry 8eglmenL,
elLher as parL of one of Lhe unlLs whlch became Lhe
Banda Nacional, or one of the units which fought as
parL of Lhe 8epubllcan opular MlllLlas ln Lhe early
weeks of Lhe Clvll War.

Page 36

"#$%$&'()* +*,- .)/)(*-
.+0+123 4+526 478+92:;
<;+=>:;+1>4= :2 26"851>.+;?
As was Lhe case wlLh Lhe lnfanLry, Spanlsh Cavalry
adopLed a common sLrucLure for lLs cavalry unlLs
across Lhe board. Lach reglmenL was composed of a
slngle weapons squadron (scooJto Je otmos
ootomtlcos) and Lwo Croups (Crupos), each of Lwo
Sabre Squadrons (scooJtooes Je 5obles), each of
whlch had Lhree 1roops (5ecclooes). Llke Lhe resL of
Lhe army, Lhe Cavalry had been somewhaL reduced Lo
save money and each squadron only had Lwo acLlve
Lroops, excepL ln Lhe Afrlcan Army Corps.

Lach squadron was composed of a headquarLers
elemenL (plooo moyot), conslsLlng of [usL Lhe
Squadron Commander, a CapLaln or 1
sL
LleuLenanL
(coplto or 1eoleote) and the Squadrons sergeant-
ma[or (8tlqoJo). Lach Lroop had a small headquarLers
conLalnlng Lhe 1roop Commander, a 1
sL
or 2
nd

LleuLenanL (1eoleote or Alftez), Lhe 1roop SergeanL
(5otqeoto) and a 1rumpeLer, and Lhree Squads
(scooJto), each of a Corporal (cobo) and 7 1roopers
(cozoJotes).

Whlle each man ln Lhe squadrons was Lralned wlLh
Lhe sabre for mounLed acLlon, Lhe prlmary LacLlcal
docLrlne emphaslsed dlsmounLed combaL, Lo Lhls end
every man was armed wlLh elLher a carblne, or a
short rifle (mospoeto). Cfflcers and Lhe sergeanL-
ma[or carrled plsLols. When dlsmounLed Lwo men
from each squad and Lhe LrumpeLer were deLalled as
horse-holders.

unllke Lhe lnfanLry, Cavalry 1roops conLalned no
lnLegral supporL weapons, buL could have machlne
gun plaLoons, or secLlons, or even one or more of Lhe
regiments two 50mm mortar squads, attached from
Lhe weapons squadron aL Lhe 8eglmenLal
Commanders discretion. llnally each squadron was
supposedly allocaLed a plaLoon of lnfanLry cycllsLs
from a cenLrallsed pool.

"1+=::; @:2.6 2+=>;A
!"##$% -2 (1936-39) or &#'()*"% +0 (1937+)
+,--*$. 012#: 3
1he Squadron ls deplcLed as dlsmounLed ln Lhls
organlsaLlon. 1roops may be mounLed as a
supporL llsL opLlon, addlng 2 exLra Cazadores Lo
each squad and a 1rumpeLer ln Lhe 1roop PC.
Cavalry can be Laken as Creen quallLy for Lhe
enLlre war buL may also be Laken as 8egulars from
1937 onwards.
1roops equaLe Lo 5ectloos and Squads equaLe Lo
1eoms ln Lhls organlsaLlon.

B:2:..+; .+0+123
1hls llsL may also be used for Lhe Moroccan Cavalry
unlLs. 1he Squadrons are raLed 8egular wlLh a laLoon
lorce 8aLlng of:
&#'()*"% +3
+,--*$. 012#: 6
Moroccan unlLs have Lhe same speclal characLerlsLlcs
as can be found on Lhelr lnfanLry llsLs and may also
choose Lhe Cald from LhaL llsL as a supporL cholce.

478+92:; C6+978+2=624
"#$%#$&# '!"#$%& (")*"&+ ($) *+%,()( ',-#$%&
(")*"&+- ./&0 (+1#) 2%&0 3%4&/546
!"#$# &$# '() !$))*+ *#$ ,-.&/$)01 #&2"
=2::" C6+978+2=624
758#+#9 2%&0 3%4&/5 ($) :(+,#$&/ 2%&0 ( ;(+.%$#-
./&0 (+# ,-#$%& (")*"&.6
!"#$# &$# '"$## ,-.&/+ *#$ !$))*1 #&2"
478+94 :;6 =: =C266
<(./- 35=4 > <(9()/+#4- #(;0 (+1#) 2%&0 ;(+.%$#6
.+0+123 .C+2+.=62>4=>.4
8efer Lo Lhe Speclflc 8ules for deLalls on Cavalry
use when mounLed and dlsmounLed.

Page 37

+2B3 48"":2= 1>4= ;:=64
explanaLory. All armoured cars come wlLh a Ioolot
leoJet. vehlcles do noL have 8adlos. 1yplcal llghL
weapon Lypes are shown LhroughouL, Lhough
varlaLlon was commonplace.

1ransporL only vehlcles, such as a car or Lruck are
slmply vehlcles, whlch come wlLh no crew.
Lhese. Where SecLlons are avallable Lhey wlll always
come wlLh a Ioolot leoJet.

LlghL weapon Squads rarely come wlLh a Leader,
whereas heavler supporL weapons do. 1he llsLs show
all Ioolot leoJet asslgnmenLs where Lhey are presenL
for all Lroops barrlng vehlcles as dlscussed above.

DEBB B:2=+2 478+9
Lach cavalry reglmenL possessed a slngle Lwo morLar
secLlon, composed of Lwo squads, each servlng a
slngle valero 30mm morLar. Lach squad conslsLed of
Lhe weapons gunner and Lwo loaders, a Corporal and
Lwo addlLlonal Cazadores. All were armed wlLh
carblnes, buL Lhe weapons were carrled by pack
horses so Lhe MorLar squad does noL beneflL from Lhe
Cavalry CharacLerlsLlc Speclal 8ules.

MorLar 1eam, whlch of course, can spoL for lLself.

SecLlon galns a SargenLo as a Ioolot leoJet.

BFGHID 1BA 478+9
The cavalrys two light machine gun troops each had
Lhree squads, each servlng a slngle Lrlpod-mounLed
heavy-barrel verslon of Lhe M.1923 llghL machlne gun.
1he weapon had a gunner and Lwo addlLlonal crew
members. 1he remalnder of Lhe squad conslsLs of a
Corporal and Lwo Cazadores. All squad members were
armed wlLh carblnes.

1he weapons and Lhelr ammunlLlon were carrled by
pack horses, so Lhe squad does noL beneflL from Lhe
Cavalry CharacLerlsLlc Speclal 8ules. lf more Lhan one
squad ls flelded, Lhe SecLlon galns a SargenLo as a
Ioolot leoJet.

BFGHGJ BBA 478+9
The cavalrys two medium machine gun troops each
had Lwo secLlons, each of Lwo squads, each servlng a
slngle Lrlpod-mounLed M.1914 medlum machlne gun,
or a slmllar weapon. 1he weapon had a gunner and
Lwo addlLlonal crew members. 1he remalnder of Lhe
squad conslsLs of a Corporal and Lwo Cazadores. All
squad members were armed wlLh carblnes.

1he weapons and Lhelr ammunlLlon were carrled by
pack horses, so Lhe squad does noL beneflL from Lhe
Cavalry CharacLerlsLlc Speclal 8ules. lf more Lhan one
squad ls flelded, Lhe SecLlon galns a SargenLo as a
Ioolot leoJet.

34565789:& :&;< +:=:9&< 7833>&? 967?
967? >54
Medlcal Crderly
Ad[uLanL
8oadblock
Lnglneerlng 1eam of 3 men
967? ?@>
ollLlcal Cfflcer (kepobllcoo ooly)
re-Came 8arrage
30mm MorLar Squad*
8llbao Armoured Car
967? ?A&44
Snlper 1eam
M.1923 LMC Squad, wlLh 4 crew and Lwo rlflemen
MounL one SecLlon on horses see cavalry speclal rules
967? B>8&
M.1914 MMC Squad, wlLh 4 crew and Lwo rlflemen
73/28 lleld Cun wlLh 3 Crew and Ioolot leoJet*
967? B6=4
8lcycle mounLed 8egular lnfanLry SecLlon (lofootty llst)
967? 76C
*Maxlmum of 1wo
Page 38
KDLIM @>619 A8; 5+==623
1be 8tlqoJes of tbe covolty ulvlsloo wete soppotteJ
by vety moblle botse ottlllety teqlmeots, epolppeJ
wltb 5cboelJet 75/28 llelJ Coos. uoe to tbe lock of
otbet soppott weopoos, tbese oolts ftepoeotly
opetoteJ mocb fottbet fotwotJ ooJ occoslooolly lo
Jltect flte soppott of covolty oolts.

8efer Lo Lhe Speclflc 8ules for Cff 1able 73/28 ArLlllery
8aLLery SupporL.

5>.3.16 B:8;=69 >;@+;=23
ocb covolty spooJtoo wos sopposeJ to bove o sloqle
plotooo of blcycle-moooteJ lofootty ottocbeJ to lt.
Iost ptlot to tbe clvll wot beqlooloq, tbese wete to be
qotbeteJ ot o ceottol locotloo oeot MoJtlJ. now fot
tbls boJ beeo ocbleveJ ls oocettolo ooJ some
teqlmeots mlqbt stlll bove tetoloeJ tbese oolts.

1bey wete otqoolseJ lo tbe some woy os o typlcol
lofootty oolt ooJ wete JeslqoeJ to ptovlJe tbe covolty
wltb looqet-tooqeJ flte soppott tboo coolJ be
ocbleveJ wltb tbelt cotbloes ooJ to ptovlJe secotlty oo
tbe motcb fot tbe teqlmeots slower moving tail.

lf more Lhan one SecLlon ls flelded, a LleuLenanL and a
laLoon SergeanL, boLh 5eolot leoJets, may be added
Lo Lhe formaLlon. AlLernaLlvely a 8lcycle laLoon may
replace one 1roop of Cavalry. 8lcycles would have
been lefL ln a rear area, so Lhe plaLoon ln game Lerms,
acLs as ordlnary lnfanLry, buL galns Lhe use of Lhe
Cavalry CharacLerlsLlcs Speclal 8ule ln Lhe aLrol
hase.

":1>=>.+1 :@@>.62
8epubllcan Cavalry conLalned a slngle ollLlcal Cfflcer
wlLhln each Squadron. A ollLlcal Cfflcer may be
acLlvaLed on a Command ulce roll of 3. lf Lhe player
acLlvaLes Lhe ollLlcal Cfflcer he does noL lncrease hls
Chaln of Command Lally by one. When acLlvaLed a
ollLlcal Cfflcer moves as normal. lf aLLached Lo a
squad he may move wlLh LhaL squad wlLhouL belng
acLlvaLed hlmself.

CombaL. A ollLlcal Cfflcer does noL flre or crew
weapons. When a Leader ls hlL, a ollLlcal Cfflcer may
sacrlflce Lhemselves 8LlC8L any roll ls made Lo see
whaL Lhe effecL ls. Pls loss counLs as a Senlor Leader.

Page 39
WlLh Lhe excepLlon of Lhe ulvlslonal Cavalry
reglmenLs, whlch were roughly evenly dlsLrlbuLed
across Lhe enlnsular, Lhe reglmenLs of Lhe Cavalry
ulvlslon were largely clusLered ln CenLral and
norLhern Spaln. When Lhe dusL seLLled afLer !uly 19
Lh

Lhe naLlonallsLs had acqulred seven of Lhe Len cavalry
reglmenLs LhaL had exlsLed pre-war. lour of Lhese
were in the norLh WesL CenLral Zone, whlch cenLred
on valladolld (1
sL
, 2
nd
, 3
Lh
& 6
Lh
), one in the Northern
Zone around vlLorla (10
Lh
), one ln Lhe LasLern Zone
around Zaragoza (9Lh), wlLh Lhe flnal reglmenL based
ln Sevllle (7
Lh
). 1he CovernmenL on Lhe oLher hand
was lefL wlLh a slngle reglmenL ln valencla (3
Lh
) and
Lwo ln 8arcelona (3
rd
& 4
Lh
), all of whlch were
subsequenLly dlsbanded along wlLh Lhe resL of Lhe
Army on Lhe 20
Lh
!uly.

lrom Lhe beglnnlng of Lhe Clvll War Lherefore, Lhe
naLlonallsLs had an advanLage ln Lerms of cavalry,
whlch Lhe 8epubllc was Lo sLruggle Lo equal ln overall
Lerms LhroughouL Lhe war. ln polnL of facL however,
Lhe 8epubllc en[oyed sllghLly superlor numbers of
cavalry on Lhe Aragon lronL, desplLe Lhe naLlonallsLs
belng able Lo add squadrons formed by Lhe 8equeLes
and lalange, buL suffered for Lhe lack elsewhere.

1he naLlonallsLs ln Lhe norLh effecLlvely had a whole
cavalry dlvlslon aL Lhelr dlsposal, whlle even ln Lhe
SouLh, Lhe addlLlon of Lhe LhlrLeen squadrons of Lhe
8egulares, as well as Lhose of Lhe Cuardla Clvll and
other volunteer squadrons, could not be matched in
any appreclable form by Lhe 8epubllc.

1haL ls noL Lo say LhaL Lhe 8epubllc lacked cavalry
however. Several cavalry mlllLla unlLs were formed by
Lhe varlous parLles of Lhe opular lronL and can be
presumed Lo be a mlx of former soldlers and
volunLeers, some of whom dld have Lo be Lralned ln
Lhe role. More unlLs were creaLed as parL of Lhe
8epubllcan opular Army from CcLober 1936 Loo.

As had been Lhe case wlLh Lhe resL of Lhe army,
Spains cavalry had also suffered a reduction in size.
Cavalry squadrons had orlglnally been composed of
Lhree Lroops, buL Lhls had been reduced Lo Lwo ln Lhe
peaceLlme army, resulLlng ln a unlL slze LhaL
approxlmaLed Lhe equlvalenL lnfanLry formaLlon. lLs
supporL squadron was however malnLalned aL pre-
war levels, glvlng lL a somewhaL hlgher raLlo of
auLomaLlc weapons ln supporL, lf noL ln morLars.

1he reorganlzaLlon of Lhe army prlor Lo Lhe Clvll War
had removed Lhe old dlsLlncLlons beLween reglmenLs,
meanlng LhaL whereas Lhere had been several
dlfferenL Lypes of cavalry (Lancleros, uragones eLc), by
!uly 1936 Lhey were all consldered Lo Cazadores
(Hunters, the equivalent of the French Chasseurs, or
8rlLlsh LlghL uragoon). ln real Lerms Lhls meanL LhaL
Lhey prlmarlly had a dual-role of reconnalssance, as
well as being capable of acting as a breakthrough
force ln supporL of Lhe lnfanLry/arLlllery baLLle. 1o Lhls
end Lhey were equlpped wlLh boLh carblnes and
sabres. AlLhough Lralned Lo use boLh, Lhelr prlmary
weapon was Lhe carblne and Lhey generally acLed ln
the mounted infantry role. 1hls faceL was noL Lo sLop
Lhem performlng Lhe lasL classlc massed cavalry
charge ln a Luropean War, aL Alfambra ln 1938
however.

1hls llsL can be used Lo represenL any cavalry unlL
from elLher slde of Lhe confllcL, alLhough lL musL be
sald LhaL lL ls prlmarlly designed to produce a regular
cavalry squadron. CLher Lypes were based on Lhe
same model, buL lacked Lhe supporL weapons
avallable Lo Lhe regulars ln Lhe flrsL few monLhs of Lhe
war.

Page 40

"#$%&#' ()&)*)+
",-".,/ (0.0102 ".21--3
45,"67.08239
WlLh Lhe excepLlon of Lhose unlLs Lralned by Lhe
Communist 5
Lh
Regiment training cadre, Lhe
8epubllcan MlllLla formaLlons, formed largely from
Lhe members of varlous Lrade unlons and pollLlcal
parLles, had no slngle formal organlsaLlonal sLrucLure
whaLsoever. 1hls sLrucLure equally applles Lo early
lnLernaLlonals such as CenLurlas, 1om Mann, CasLon
Sozzl, 1haelmann, Warmskl, and so on.

As a general rule of Lhumb, a SecLlon would be
formed from beLween Len and LwenLy men
(AnarchlsLs seemed Lo have Lyplcally used Len man
secLlons, whlle oLhers llke Lhe CuM, appear Lo have
favoured LwenLy men). A secLlon would elecL lLs own
leader (uelegado), or ln some cases one would be
appolnLed by Lhe parLy or Lrade unlon concerned.

Companles (CenLurla) would be formed from Lhe
secLlons of each organlzlng body, whlch were
nomlnally of a hundred men, buL could conLaln
anywhere beLween LwenLy and a hundred and flfLy
men. Agaln an lndlvldual would also be appolnLed or
elecLed Lo become Lhe leader of Lhe CenLurla (Lhe
Jefe).

lew of Lhe !efes and uelegados had any formal
mlllLary Lralnlng, alLhough some had led squads of
plsLoleros ln Lhe frequenL sLreeL flghLs wlLh Lhe
lalange. Charlsma, pollLlcal sLandlng, paLronage, or
[usL bruLe force, appear Lo have been Lhe maln crlLerla
for deLermlnlng wheLher an lndlvldual galned a
command poslLlon.

WlLhln Lhe anarchlsL formaLlons of Lhe Cn1/lAl ln
parLlcular, alLhough deflnlLlvely noL conflned Lo Lhem,
elecLlon Lo Lhe poslLlon of uelegado was noL even a
guaranLee LhaL orders would be followed and obeyed.

1here are frequenL lnsLances recorded where unlLs
would debaLe orders recelved for some Llme and ln
Lhe evenL, elLher fall Lo carry Lhem ouL, or adapL Lhem
ln some way Lo sulL Lhelr percepLlon of how an acLlon
should be foughL. As unlLs began Lo galn experlence,
or saw Lhe sense ln some degree of mlllLarlzaLlon,
Lhey Lended Lo shlfL Lo Lhe Len man squads, wlLh one
of Lhem spllL lnLo weapon Leams lf Lhey were
forLunaLe enough Lo obLaln a llghL morLar and/or an
LMC.

1he weapon sLockplles obLalned from Lhe now
dlsbanded army arsenals were a mlxed blesslng. Whlle
Lhere were some auLomaLlc or supporL weapons,
wlLhouL someone Lralned ln Lhelr operaLlon, Lhey
were largely useless and Lhe sheer number of mlllLla
unlLs formed, meanL LhaL even lf an operaLor could be
found, Lhere were Loo few of Lhem. ln some cases a
whole baLLallon could flnd lLself wlLh only a slngle
machlne gun or morLar Lo supporL lL.

".21--3 :-58, 52103;
!"##$% -9
&'(()$* ,-.#: 4
Lach squad ls deplcLed as belng led by an lneffecLual
uelegado and for Lhe purposes of Lhe rules counLs as
a leaderless Squad. Lach Squad acLlvaLes on a
Command Dice roll of 2, separaLe 1eams on a score
of 1, or under Lhe dlrecLlon of Lhe !efe as normal.
1eams may only be deLached from a Squad
lacklng lLs own Ioolot leoJet, lf Lhey are wlLhln
the Jefes command distance and he uses a
command acLlon polnL Lo order Lhe spllL. ScouLs
may be deLached followlng Lhe normal rules.
Ioolot leoJets can only lnfluence Lhelr own squad
and any Leams deLached from lL.
8-((23<
!"#" %" &"'()*+,- !"#$%&'% )"*&'% +$,-$%- .+(/
*+#0" 1* 234
With either a Type A or Type B Group of Squads
1=", 2 ;5-6" -: />62</
5 26),%7- ",8/ 1#9
10 Mlllclanos wlLh rlfle

1=", 7 ;5-6" -: />62</
: 26),%7- ",8/ 1#9
20 Mlllclanos wlLh rlfle
Page 41

/0/1234 5626763 81//047 2687
2687 09:
Medlcal Crderly
El Hombre

8oadblock
LnLrenchmenLs for one 10-man Squad
Ad[uLanL
Megaphone
Hand grenades for a single ten man Team
Add Lwo AuLomaLlc 8lfle per selecLlon Lo a Squad(s)
2
Add a LlghL Machlne Cun Lo a slngle Squad
2
MoloLov CockLalls
Antes de la siesta (2 max)

2687 7;0
llag
1
uelegado ollLlco or Commlssar, wlLh plsLol
10 Mlllclanos as a slngle Squad or spread as deslred
Army offlcer advlsor
Add a 30mm MorLar Lo a slngle Squad
2
Add a Lrlpod MMC Lo a squad
Add a 70/16 lleld Cun and a Ioolot leoJet Lo a Squad
J
ulnamlLeros 1eam, 3 men
Peavy Cover barrlcade for one 10-man Squad
re-Came ArLlllery 8arrage
8llbao or lA-l armoured car
4
(Oct 36+)
8enaulL l1 (MC) Lank
4
8enaulL l1 (37mm) Lank
4
(Oct 36+, Nottbeto ltoot Ooly)
2687 7<4::
Snlper 1eam
Plghly MoLlvaLed Mlllclanos (enLlre plaLoon)
3
CA-1 Schnelder assaulL Lank
4
lnfanLry SecLlon (Creen) wlLh Ioolot leoJet
37mm A/1 gun wlLh 3 Crew and Ioolot leoJet
J
(Oct 36+)
73/28 lleld Cun SecLlon, wlLh observer
3
8andom Alr SupporL
2687 =014
Pardened Mlllclanos (enLlre plaLoon)
3
AsalLo or Clvll Cuard SecLlon wlLh Ioolot leoJet
73/28 lleld Cun, 3 crew and Ioolot leoJet
3
Army 8A-3 or 8A-6 armoured car
4
(Oct 36+)
Army 1-268 Lank
4
(Oct 36+)
2687 =6>:
lanaLlc Mlllclanos (enLlre plaLoon)
3
#
May only selecL one Lype of supporL asseLs lndlcaLed for each
number.
",-".,/ (0.0102 8?25281,50/108/
9' /)?)")$@% They Shall Not Pass! - A Peoples
MlllLla player may choose Lo be Lhe defender ln
any scenarlo he plays ln.

Peoples Militia!% 1otolly oooccostomeJ to tbe
tlqots of moJeto wot, mllltlo fotces wete
pottlcolotly seosltlve to losses. nowevet tbey
coolJ ptove JoqqeJ lo qooJ Jefeoslve posltloos.

MlllLla recelves one exLra shock for every Lwo
shock and/or kllls recelved, unless a cover
modlfler was applled Lo Lhe shoLs LhaL caused Lhe
hlLs.

!"# %&'(#) *+,- ,#&#.- /0# /1 -"# 1/&&/2304 -2/
/%-3/0, -/ '%%&( 1/) -"# 2"/&# 4'*# -/ -"#
53&3.3'0/, /1 "3, 6&'-//07

5).A)*)% blJloq bebloJ Jefeoces wos ofteo seeo
os pottlcolotly oomooly ootll tbe teolltles of wot
floolly set lo. When flred upon ln cover by small
arms weapons, re-roll any 1s that miss.

7-#$#? 4)BC$% oo tbe otbet booJ, bovloq beeo
coovloceJ of tbe voloe of covet, meo ofteo
tefoseJ to leove lt. A leaderless unlL wlll never
leave cover or forLlflcaLlons volunLarlly. A leader
musL expend Lwo command lnlLlaLlve polnLs Lo
acLlvaLe a unlL LhaL he wlshes Lo move ouL of
cover or fleld defences.

Page 42
25(= /6""-51 .0/1 3-1,/
vehlcles come wlLh a Ioolot leoJet. vehlcles do noL

Lhese.

llsLs show all Ioolot leoJet asslgnmenLs where Lhey
above.

MlllLla upgrades when Laken musL be of only one Lype
le Plghly MoLlvaLed, Pardened or lanaLlcal.

261-(2108 50:.,
lf an auLomaLlc rlfle ls added Lo a squad, one man
becomes lLs gunner. 1he ChauchaL was perhaps Lhe
mosL common example of Lhese. A supporL level
cholce galns Lwo such weapons Lo be dlsLrlbuLed Lo a
squad(s).

.0;?1 (28?03, ;63
lf a llghL machlne gun ls added Lo a squad, one man
becomes lLs gunner and anoLher ls deLalled as lLs
loader.

(,<06( (28?03, ;63
lf a medlum machlne gun ls added Lo a squad, one
man becomes lLs gunner and Lwo more are deLalled Lo
asslsL as loader and ammunlLlon carrler respecLlvely.

;5,,3 03:2315=
Creen lnfanLry reflecLed here are aLLached remnanL
elemenLs of Lhe Spanlsh enlnsular Army.

25(= -::08,5 2<@0/-5
An Army offlcer aLLached Lo Lhe !efe de CenLurla
enables hlm Lo re-roll one of hls command dlce per
phase. As an opLlon, Lhe !efe de CenLurla may
upgraded Lo a Senlor Leader. Pe ls armed wlLh a
plsLol.

:.2;
A unlL wlLh an aLLached llag may lgnore one polnL of
shock recelved per phase of play. llag bearers do noL
flre buL do counL as flghLlng ln combaL.
AB(( (-5125
1he 30mm morLar has no smoke ammunlLlon, only
P.L. lL has a mlnlmum range of 18, but closer than
LhaL Lhe crew may use Lhelr rlfles. 1he morLar Leam
requlres Lwo crewmen Lo be dedlcaLed Lo operaLe lL
from Lhe squad lL ls aLLached Lo. AddlLlonal men may
be added Lo Lhe Leam as normal.

MorLar Squad.

may use Lhelr rlfles.

CBDEF ;63
lf a 70/16 lleld Cun ls Laken as a supporL llsL opLlon
flve Mlllclanos musL be deslgnaLed as lLs crew from
LhaL Squad. Cun Crew members may noL be replaced.

CADGH 2510..,5= /,810-3
Mllltlo fotces tecelveJ llmlteJ soppott ftom
kepobllcoo otmy ottlllety oolts epolppeJ wltb tbe
5cboelJet 75/28 llelJ Coo. 1bls soppott flte woolJ
qeoetolly be llmlteJ, wltb tbe occosloool qoo
employeJ lo Jltect flte soppott.

8eflecLlng Lhls llmlLed off-Lable supporL Lhe barrage
area is reduced to an area 10x10 square with the
alm polnL aL Lhe cenLre. use Lhe rules for Cff 1able

(,;2"?-3,
Roll six D6 against all enemy within a 90 degree arc of
flre (n/a vs Africanista troops) and hit as per rifle fire
ln Lhe open. lor each hlL lnfllcL 1 Shock on a roll of 3
or 6.

<032(01,5-/ 1,2(
1hese uynamlLe equlpped Lroops use Lhe rules for
grenades, however when rolllng for hlLs on 1able Slx,
re-roll any mlsses. 1hey are also consldered 1ank
Hunters equipped with No.75 Hawkins Grenades. ln
addlLlon Lhey may clear roadblocks as per rule 16.1.

(-.-1-@ 8-8I120.

523<-( 205 /6""-51

Page 43
<,.,;2<- "-.0108-D8-((0//25 4!"#$%$&!'(%9
A Commlssar may be acLlvaLed on a Command ulce
roll of 3. lf Lhe Commlssar acLlvaLes Lhen Lhe Chaln of
Command Lally does noL lncrease. When acLlvaLed a
Commlssar moves as normal. lf aLLached Lo a squad
he may move wlLh LhaL squad wlLhouL belng acLlvaLed
hlmself. Pe counLs as Lwo men for morale purposes
when conslderlng Shock levels and one man ln any
Close CombaL.

A Commlssar does noL flre or crew weapons. Pls
presence provldes Lhe opLlon Lo allow Lhe !efe de
CenLurla Lo be upgraded Lo a Senlor Leader. lf Lhe !efe
de CenLurla ls hlL, Lhe presence of Lhe Commlssar
reduces Lhe effecL of hls loss Lo LhaL of a Ioolot
leoJet. 1he loss of Lhe Commlssar counLs as LhaL of a
Senlor Leader.

2/2.1-J 80@0. ;625< -5 8252703,5-/ 03:2315=
AssaulL or Clvll Cuards and Carablneros are Laken as
8egular and Aggresslve. 1hey may engage ln one
phase of flre (per game) wlLh 1ear Cas. 1hls may be
done as normal rifle fire.

nominate a valid target unit within 18 of the firer
and allocaLe u6 shock lf lL ls an lnfanLry or cavalry unlL
(u3 lf vehlcles) no kllls are posslble. lf frlendly Lroops
engage ln combaL ln Lhe same phase, Lhey suffer u3
shock.

A31,/ <, .2 /0,/12
rlor Lo mlllLarlsaLlon becomlng wldespread and Lhe
dlsclpllne LhaL accompanled LhaL, lL was qulLe
accepLable Lo some Mlllclanos, Lo Lravel Lo Lhe
fronLllne, loose off whaLever rounds Lhey had wlLh
Lhem and Lhen reLurn Lo Lhelr homes or a canLlna,
conslderlng Lhelr duLy Lo Lhe 8epubllc compleLe for
Lhe day.

A Squad of Len MlllLla armed wlLh rlfles, buL wlLh no
Ioolot leoJet, becomes avallable for deploymenL.
1hey wlll remaln ln play unLll a double slx ls rolled by
elLher player on a command dlce roll. AL LhaL lnsLanL
Lhe Antes de la siesta unlL on-Lable rolls 1d6. Cn a
score of 4-6 lL remalns ln play no furLher effecLs. Cn
a score of 1-3, lL dlsperses (ls removed from play) and
lf vlslble Lo any frlendly Lroops, causes a roll on Lhe
lorce Morale Lable as lf Lhey had losL a 1eam.
E. ?-(75,
1hls supporL opLlon allows a Squad Lo be upgraded
wlLh a Lemporary Ioolot leoJet (uelegado) ln a
players phase any unlL may be chosen. Cnly one
such squad may acLlvaLe Lhls way from phase Lo phase
and Lhe leader only lnfluences Lhe unlL he ls wlLh. ln
subsequenL phases Lhe same or a dlfferenL unlL may
be chosen with an El Hombre. This represents a unit
qulckly buL brlefly agreelng Lo follow an order glven
by Lhelr uelegado.

?0;?.= (-10@21,< (0.08023-/
1hough lnexperlenced many mlllLla forces were very
well moLlvaLed. 1hese Lypes would also reflecL 8asque
lands, SanLander and AsLurlan MlllLlas up Lo mld 1937
and games lnvolvlng ldeologlcal enemles such as
AnarchlsLs vs SoclallsLs, eLc. lf Lhls opLlon ls Laken Lhen
dlsregard Lhe lorce Morale -2 dle roll modlfler for
belng Creen replaclng lL wlLh +1 lnsLead (p11). 1hey
may dlsregard boLh Lhe Machada and 1lenes 8azn
characLerlsLlcs.

?25<,3,< (0.08023-/
arLlcularly well-moLlvaLed or deLermlned mlllLla or
those stiffened with Asaltos*. 1hls would also
lnclude early lnLernaLlonal CenLurlas as well as uuruLLl
and lron Column mlllLlas. 1hey may lgnore Lhe
Peoples Militia characteristic and dlsregard Lhe
lorce Morale -2 dle roll modlfler for belng Creen
replaclng lL wlLh +1 lnsLead (p11). 1hey may dlsregard
boLh Lhe Machada and 1lenes 8azn characLerlsLlcs.
*lloyets moy teploce 1 lo 4 mllltlo flqotes wltb Asolto flqs,
bowevet tteot tbese tbe some os ooy otbet mllltlo fot qome
potposes.

:232108 (0.08023-/
Some mlllLla puL up fanaLlcal reslsLance Lo Lhe
Nationalists llLerally dylng Lo a man. Such Lroops
ignore the Peoples Militia characLerlsLlc, dlsregard
Lhe lorce Morale -2 dle roll modlfler for belng Creen
replaclng lL wlLh +1 lnsLead (p11). 1hey may dlsregard
boLh Lhe Machada and 1lenes 8azn characLerlsLlcs.

1hey are raLed as Aggresslve and always lgnore
Lhe flrsL polnL of shock recelved by enemy
acLlon. 1hey have Lhelr shock reduced by double Lhe
usual amounL (l.e. 2 polnLs per lnlLlaLlve spenL) lf a
leader ls aLLached - See SecLlon 4.3.3.

lanaLlc Mlllclanos are never '8roken' (14.6 .63), buL
lnsLead '8eLlre' 6"+2u6" and become 'plnned' or Lhey
may halL and become 'plnned' on reachlng any cover
along LhaL rouLe. 1hey are rallled as normal, wlLh any
aLLached Leaders are able Lo make use of aLLached
rule above.

Page 44
As soon as lL became clear LhaL Lhere was a rebelllon
underway, Lhe mlllLanL membershlp of Lhe LefL-Wlng
pollLlcal parLles and Lrade unlons, as well as ordlnary
clLlzens, moblllzed Lo defend Lhelr 8epubllc. WlLh Lhe
excepLlon of Lhose who had Laken parL ln Lhe
numerous gun baLLles wlLh Lhe lalange ln Lhe monLhs
prlor Lo Lhe sLarL of Lhe Clvll War, Lhere were few wlLh
weapons with which to resist the Fascists however.
1he CovernmenL, whose cablneL was wholly formed
from Lhe more cenLrlsL parLles, refused Lo arm Lhe
populaLlon however, bellevlng LhaL sufflclenL numbers
of Lhe mlllLary and paramlllLary forces of Lhe sLaLe,
could be persuaded Lo supporL Lhe 8epubllc.

8y Lhe Llme Lhe CovernmenL Look Lhe declslon Lo
dlsband Lhe Army and Lo dlsLrlbuLe whaL weapons lL
had Lo Lhe general populaLlon, Lhe Llme LhaL Lhls
would have been mosL effecLlve had passed, as had
any hopes of conLalnlng and suppresslng Lhe
rebelllon. naLurally weapons could noL [usL be handed
ouL, as Lhere would be no checks on who was
recelvlng Lhe weapons, whlch could obvlously mean
LhaL Lhe governmenL was armlng lLs opponenLs.
lnsLead Lhe dlsLrlbuLlon of weapons was performed by
LransporLlng baLches of Lhem Lo lndlvldual parLy or
Lrade unlon offlces, where packlng grease was
removed when needed and Lhe lssue of weapons was
dependenL on producLlon of membershlp cards.
1he same parLles and Lrade unlons also oversaw Lhe
formaLlon of Lhelr members lnLo unlLs and organlzed
Lhe elecLlon or appolnLmenL of leaders for Lhem.
nomlnally Lhese unlLs conformed Lo Lhe common
percepLlons of mlllLary formaLlon, so Lhere were,
secLlon, company and baLLallon Lype formaLlons,
alLhough ln Lerms of numbers, Lhere was qulLe a
degree of varlaLlon. eople would naLurally choose Lo
serve wlLh people Lhey knew, wheLher from Lhe same
sLreeL, facLory or deparLmenL and serve under people
Lhey llked, respecLed, or ln some cases feared.
Whlle some members of Lhe mlllLla had performed
national service under the Quinta system of
conscrlpLlon (one ln flve men served), mosL had noL.
Whlle Lhe dlsbanded army also had numerous men
wllllng Lo serve Lo proLecL Lhe 8epubllc, Lhey were
ofLen noL welcomed by Lhe Lrade unlon or parLy
members. As a resulL many soughL servlce wlLhln Lhe
Cuardla Clvll or AsalLos lnsLead. Many army offlcers
volunLeered Lo help Lraln and lead Lhe mlllLlas, buL
were LreaLed wlLh dlsLrusL and susplclon and were noL
glven command poslLlons ln Lhe maln. AL besL Lhese
men were accepLed as advlsors wlLhln Lhe mlllLla,
alLhough frequenLly Lhelr advlce was lgnored.
1he weaponry avallable lLself also lefL much Lo be
deslred. Whlle a number of rlfles were of recenL
manufacLure, more were somewhaL less so. 1here
were around 273 Lhousand rlfles spread across Lhose
areas of Spaln ln governmenL hands and whlle Lhe
bulk were varlous Lypes of Mauser rlfle or carblne,
some of Lhese daLed back Lo Lhe lnLroducLlon of Lhe
weapon ln 1893. ln many cases Lhe bolLs for Lhese
weapons were sLored ln separaLe locaLlons, for fear of
clvll uprlslngs. MosL famously ln Madrld, excepL for
300 bolLs, Lhose for Lhe rlfles ln Lhe clLy were held ln
Lhe CuarLel de la MonLana barracks, whlch aL Lhe Llme
was held by rebel Lroops.
CLher rlfles pre-daLed Lhe lnLroducLlon of Lhe Mauser,
so conslderable numbers of llcence-bullL 8emlngLon,
WlnchesLer and even a few Lee-MeLford models were
also ln evldence. As mlghL be assumed, Lhe
ammunlLlon for Lhese weapons was ofLen as old as
Lhe weapons Lhemselves and could produce some
raLher unexpecLed resulLs. Whlle weapons obLalned
abroad by Lhe 8epubllc began Lo fllLer Lhrough afLer
Lhe flrsL few weeks, Lhese were also of dlsparaLe
deslgns. MosL were Mausers, alLhough ofLen noL
chambered for Lhe Spanlsh 7mm carLrldge, buL
Mannllcher, 8erLhler, Lebel, 8oss and even some
Arlsaka rlfles, amongsL oLhers, also found Lhelr way Lo
Spaln.
1he slLuaLlon was Lhe same wlLh oLher weapons.
1here had been lnsufflclenL supporL weapons of all
Lypes Lo equlp Lhe enlnsular Army aL lLs peaceLlme-
reduced level, leL alone when fully moblllzed. Whlle
boLh Lhe sLandard llghL machlne gun, Lhe PoLchklss
M.1923 (Mle. 1922 ln lrench Servlce) and Lhe
sLandard medlum machlne gun, Lhe PoLchklss
M.1914, were recelved sLralghL from Lhe dlsbanded
army formaLlons, Lhe arsenals conLalned a few
surprlses. ln Lhem were found Maxlm-nordenfeldL
M.1897, vlckers-Maxlm M.1903, Schwarzlose M.1907
and even some ColL M.1913 (M1893) machlne guns,
buL on Lhe whole noLhlng more recenL. Some more
recenL weapons were obLalned aL Lhe same Llme as
Lhe forelgn rlfles, buL ln very few numbers.
uesplLe Lhe quallLy of Lhelr weapons and Lhe general
lack of anyLhlng buL rlfles, Lhe mlllLlas foughL and
foughL well. 1here were of course numerous fallures
ln Lhe early days, especlally when Lhey were faced by
Lroops from Lhe Afrlcan Army Corps, buL ln Lhe maln
especlally when sLlffened by unlLs of AsalLos, Lhey
held Lhelr own. Pard experlence led Lo lncreased
confldence and ablllLy, and lf Lhey lacked dlsclpllne lL
was made up for ln commlLmenL. lL became apparenL
however that militarisation was desirable and the
example shown by unlLs LhaL had been Lralned by Lhe
Communist 5
Lh
Regiment training cadre, convinced
many LhaL Lhe mlllLla needed Lo be formally organlsed
into a Peoples Army.
Page 45
1he lnflux of weapons from Lhe SovleL unlon also
conLrlbuLed Lo Lhe change. 1hese gave Lhe
CommunlsLs even more lnfluence Lhan Lhey had
prevlously had and Lhey were able Lo dlcLaLe whlch
formaLlons Lhls equlpmenL was lssued Lo. 8oLh Lhe
newly formlng jtclto lopolot Je lo kepobllco
(opular Army of Lhe 8epubllc) Lhe L8, and Lhose
unlLs already ln Lhe llne LhaL had begun as CommunlsL
or SCL formaLlons, all recelved Lhe new weapons.
1he AnarchlsLs and Lhose groups opposed Lo Lhe
CommunlsLs, parLlcularly Lhe CuM, recelved Lhe
worsL of whaL was lefL over.

Whlle everyone else was mlllLarlslng Lhelr formaLlons,
Lhe CuM and Lhe AnarchlsLs reLalned Lhe same
organlsaLlonal and command model (or lack of one)
LhaL Lhey had begun wlLh. 8eLween CcLober and
uecember 1936 Lhe process was compleLe across Lhe
whole of Lhe 8epubllc and whlle Lhere were sLlll
shorLages ln auLomaLlc and oLher supporL weapons,
Lhese were belng sLeadlly remedled.

1he AnarchlsLs and Lhe CuM held ouL unLll May
1937, when Lhe governmenL, now heavlly lnfluenced
by Lhe CommunlsLs, aLLempLed Lo forclbly lncorporaLe
Lhese groups lnLo Lhe L8. Cun baLLles were foughL ln
8arcelona beLween Lhe respecLlve groups and
evenLually a compromlse was reached, whlch
effecLlvely resulLed ln Lhe replacemenL and
dlsbandmenL of Lhe CuM and AnarchlsL formaLlons,
and Lhe re-asslgnmenL of Lhelr men across Lhe L8.

1hls llsL allows Lhe formaLlon of a opular MlllLla
laLoon, representing a below strength Centuria. Use
of Lhe supporL cholces wlll lncrease lLs slze and/or Lhe
supporL opLlons avallable Lo lL. lL wlll be sulLable for
any pollLlcal group unLll CcLober-november 1936 and
afLer LhaL for groups llke Lhe CuM and Cn1, who
refused Lo mlllLarlse, rlghL up Lo mld-1937.

1he lnherenL weakness of Lhe formaLlon ls lLs lack of
command and conLrol, whlch ls whaL Chaln of
Command ls all abouL. ln lLs slmplesL form, Lhe
laLoon leader has Lo be very energeLlc Lo do anyLhlng
oLher Lhan follow a slmple plan. Lacklng leaders, Lhe
unit is also fragile and clunky, pretty much how they
are descrlbed ln Lhe hlsLory books. 1he player can
alLer Lhls by selecLlng addlLlonal command opLlons
from the support list, simulating natural leaders
comlng Lo Lhe fore. 1he cosL of Lhls ls of course LhaL
he ls spendlng supporL polnLs on command and noL
weapons and a balance wlll need Lo be found LhaL
glves Lhe player whaL he wanLs from hls force.

Page 46
!"# %&'()&*" +"&&, -.)/0*1
-#0%0-"&%(+"(-+
!"#$%&'(")&*#+ SLeel Company forces were very
well moLlvaLed. When deLermlnlng lorce Morale
add +1, lgnorlng Lhe -2 for belng Creen (p11).

!
23
Regiment Steel Companies

!"# %&'()&*" +"&&, -.)/0*1 %(4,& /,0"..*
5%&/67,(-0*8
1he CommunlsL-run Lralnlng cadre known as Lhe 3
Lh

8eglmenL produced unlLs of mlllLla lnsLllled wlLh Lhe
baslcs of mlllLary and pollLlcal dlsclpllne, along wlLh a
baslc knowledge of mlllLary skllls and weapon
handllng. 1he usual Spanlsh organlzaLlonal model was
followed, even lf Lhe weaponry wlLh whlch Lo fully
equlp Lhese unlLs was noL acLually avallable.

laLoons (Secclones) were led by a !"#" %" &"''()*,
who was asslsLed by a &+,-!"#". 1here were Lwo rlfle
SecLlons (eloLones), each led by a SecLlon Leader
(!"#" %" ."/"0)*) and composed of Lhree Squads. Lach
Squad was led by a Squad Leader (Cabo) and had 3
men, wlLh Lhe excepLlon of Lhe flrsL, whlch was led by
Lhe SecLlon Leader hlmself.

1heoreLlcally Lhere was also a Lwo-squad morLar
secLlon wlLhln Lhe plaLoon, whlch would be led by Lhe
Sub-!efe. Lach slx-man squad ln LhaL secLlon would
operaLe a slngle 30mm morLar, wlLh one of Lhelr
number acLlng as an observer. Also LheoreLlcally Lhe
flrsL squad of each rlfle secLlon operaLed a slngle llghL
machlne gun. ln boLh cases shorLages mlghL mean
LhaL Lhese elemenLs were mlsslng wholly, or ln parL,
across Lhe plaLoon.

Peavler supporL ln Lhe form of 81mm morLars, MMCs
or lleld ArLlllery was occaslonally avallable and
became far more numerous as Llme wenL on. As
formaLlons became more mlllLarlsed, Lhese occaslonal
weapons stopped being deployed in penny packets
and reverLed Lo Lhe Lyplcal deploymenL of Lhem ln
whole formed unlLs.

1he 3
Lh
Regiments open house policy attracted many
former soldlers, who had a hard Llme wlLh mosL oLher
pollLlcal groups and usually gravlLaLed Lowards Lhe
securlLy servlces. 1hls gave Lhe 3
Lh
Lhe ablllLy Lo Lraln
men Lo use heavy weapons or Lo supplemenL
lnexperlenced crews wlLh Lralned soldlers.
/,0"..* 4.%-& %0"(*'
,'**" or .*/01)'+ -1
2$33)"# 4(%*: 3 lf Creen, 4 lf 8egular

All Mlllclanos are armed wlLh a rlfle.
1he flrsL squad ln each secLlon can be Laken as an
LMC squad by uslng Lhe lnLegral LMC supporL llsL
opLlon.

0%)1 +6//.%" ,(+" *."&+
vehlcles come wlLh a !+*(12 3"4%"2. vehlcles do noL

Lhese.

wlLh a !+*(12 3"4%"2. lnfanLry 1eams rarely come wlLh
llsLs show all !+*(12 3"4%"2 asslgnmenLs where Lhey
above.

/,0"..* #&09:60%"&%+
!efe de Seccln and Sub-!efe de Seccln, boLh &"*(12
3"4%"25, armed wlLh plsLol or SMC
!"#$# &$# '() *#+',)-. /#$ 01&'))-2 #&+"
+&-"(.* #&09:60%"&%+
!efe de eleLn " !"#$%& ()*+)& #$%&' ()*+ $),-& .$
/01
!"#$# &$# '"$## *34&5. /#$ *#+',)-2 #&+"
%(4,& +:609+ .*& ". "#%&&
%(4,& +:609 %(4,& +:609 %(4,& +:609
2 0)-)3)#4.5 6 0)-)3)#4.5 6 0)-)3)#4.5
Page 47

)&'0/#.*&
8oll slx u6 agalnsL all enemy within a 90 degree arc of
fire (n/a vs Africanista troops) and hit as per rifle fire
ln Lhe open. lor each hlL lnfllcL 1 Shock on a roll of 3
or 6.

;<)) = >?)) ).%"0%+
Lwo-tube mortar section is 10x10 with the aiming
!<)) ).%"0% +:609
1he squad lncludes a weapons gunner, Lwo loaders
and Lhree Mlllclanos. All were armed wlLh rlfles.

A &"*(12 or !+*(12 3"4%"2 may boLh acLlvaLe and/or
MorLar 1eam, whlch of course, can spoL for lLself. 1he
30mm morLar only flres P.L. 8ounds. lL has a
SecLlon galns a SargenLo as a !+*(12 3"4%"2.

@!AB> 4(&,9 '6* 70""&%1
8aLLery.

06".)0"(- %(4,&
lf an auLomaLlc rlfle ls added Lo a squad, one man
becomes lLs gunner. 1he ChauchaL was perhaps Lhe
mosL common example of Lhese.

,('#" )0-#(*& '6*
lf a llghL machlne gun ls added Lo a squad, one man
becomes lLs gunner and anoLher lLs loader.

9(*0)("&%.+
1hese uynamlLe equlpped Lroops use Lhe rules for
grenades, however when rolllng for hlLs on 1able Slx,
re-roll any mlsses. 1hey are also consldered 1ank
Hunters equipped with No.75 Hawkins Grenades. In
addlLlon Lhey may clear roadblocks as per rule 16.1.

0%)1 .44(-&% 09C(+.%
Army offlcer aLLached Lo Lhe !efe de Seccln enables
hlm Lo re-roll one of hls command dlce per phase.

-.))(++0% 5!"#$%$&!'(%8
A ollLlcal Commlssar may be acLlvaLed on a
Command ulce roll of 3. lf Lhe player acLlvaLes Lhe
Commlssar he does noL lncrease hls Chaln of
Command Lally by one. When acLlvaLed a Commlssar
moves as normal. lf aLLached Lo a squad he may move
wlLh LhaL squad wlLhouL belng acLlvaLed hlmself.

CombaL. A Commlssar does noL flre or crew weapons.
lf Lhe &"*(12 3"4%"2 ls hlL, Lhe presence of Lhe
Commlssar reduces Lhe effecL of hls loss Lo LhaL of a
!+*(12 3"4%"2. 1he loss of Lhe Commlssar counLs as
LhaL of a Senlor Leader.

%0*9.) 0(% +6//.%" = ).,.".C -.-D"0(,
8efer Lo Lhe Speclflc 8ules for 8andom Alr SupporL
and MoloLov CockLalls.
56778 29:;<=> 5?;;9.6 8!56
8!56 9=7
Medlcal Crderly
8oadblock
LnLrenchmenLs for one 6-man Squad
Add an AuLo 8lfle Lo a slngle Squad wlLhln each secLlon**
Ad[uLanL
Megaphone
MoloLov CockLalls
Pand grenades for 8lfle Squads ln one SecLlon
8!56 6@9
Commlssar
Army offlcer advlsor wlLh plsLol
30mm MorLar Squad wlLh 3 crew and 3 Mlllclanos*
Slngle Squad of 6 Mlllclanos wlLh rlfles*
Add an LMC Lo a slngle Squad wlLhln a secLlon**
upgrade one rlfle-only Squad to Dinamiteros
Peavy Cover barrlcade for a Squad
8enaulL l1 (MC) 1ank***
8llbao armoured car or lA-l armoured Car ***
8!56 6A.77
Snlper 1eam, 2 men
70/16 lnfanLry Cun, 3 Crew and a !+*(12 3"4%"2 67 1*/89
37/43 A/1 Cun , 3 crew and !+*(12 3"4%"2 (Oct 36+)
60mm MorLar SecLlon wlLh observer****
CA-1 Schnelder AssaulL 1ank***
Army 8A-3 or 8A-6 armoured car*** (Oct 36+)
8andom Alr SupporL
re-Came ArLlllery 8arrage
8!56 B9?.
MMC on Lrlpod mounL, 6 crew**
8egular AsalLo or Clvll Cuard SecLlon wlLh !+*(12 3"4%"2
43/44 A/1 Cun, 3 crew and !+*(12 3"4%"2 (Oct 36+)
81mm MorLar SecLlon wlLh observerCCCC
73/28 lleld Cun, 3 crew and !+*(12 3"4%"2 (1 only)
1-268 Lank*** (Oct 36+)
8!56 B!D7
-
8!56 5!E
73/28 lleld Cun 8aLLery wlLh observerCCCC
*Cnly a maxlmum of Lwo of elLher/ boLh of Lhls Lype may be
Laken. 1wo MorLar, or 1wo Squads, or Cne of each.

**Cnly one weapon of Lhls Lype per SecLlon, buL may be of
elLher Lype, or mlxed Lypes wlLhln Lhe plaLoon.

****May only selecL one ouL of any of Lhe supporL asseLs so
lndlcaLed.
***Cnly one 1ank or Armoured car Lype allowed.
Page 48
ln 1934 Las Mlllclas AnLlfasclsLas Cbreras y
Campeslnas (1he Workers and easanLs AnLlfasclsL
MlllLla)-MACC, had been formed by CommunlsLs and
SoclallsLs, Lo Lraln members Lo acL as proLecLlon
deLalls for Lhelr leadershlp, due Lo Lhe mounLlng
aLLacks belng made on Lhem by lalanglsL deaLh
squads. When news of Lhe rebelllon was recelved,
MAOCs volunteers, along with a hundred or so other
mlllLanLs, formed Lhe 3
Lh
8aLLallon of opular MlllLla
and Lhanks Lo a sympaLheLlc army commander, were
given access to the Artillery Parks arsenal ln Madrld.
lollowlng Lhe sLormlng of Lhe CuarLel de MonLana Lhe
same day, several mlllLla and communlsL leaders
agreed to form a 5
Lh
Regiment of Popular Militia, by
comblnlng Lhe baLLallon wlLh Lwo oLher MlllLla
formaLlons; the Battalion :"2*;*%"< =4>4221 and the
Battalion :24*'(5'1 ?4/;*.

1here were Lwo maln moLlvaLlons behlnd Lhe
formaLlon of Lhe 3
Lh
8eglmenL, flrsL was Lhe obvlous
aim of defeating the Fascist Rebellion, the second
was Lo creaLe a CommunlsL Army LhaL would maLch
Lhe armles of AnarchlsLs, MarxlsLs, Lo a lesser exLenL
Lhe SoclallsLs and flnally Lhe LefL of CenLre 8epubllcan
CovernmenL, ln a predlcLed posL-rebelllon sLruggle
wlLhln Spaln.

1o Lhls end Lhe 3
Lh
or @+(*045 as they popularly
became known as, dld noL only seek volunLeers for
Lhelr army, buL also dlssemlnaLed propaganda vla
radlo, newssheeL and even sLreeL LheaLre, and
engaged in what are today called outreach projects
within Madrids population, so as to win hearts and
minds. llnally Lhey lnsLlLuLed an Information
secLlon, whose role was Lo veL recrulLs and Lo gaLher
lnLelllgence on Lhe acLlvlLles of suspecLed flfLh
columnlsLs.

Cn Lhe mlllLary slde of Lhlngs Lhe recrulLmenL drlve
underLaken was very successful, Lhe CulnLas opened
Lhe gaLes Lo all who wlshed Lo [oln, regardless of
whlch parLy Lhey belonged Lo. unsurprlslngly nelLher
Lhe Cn1/lAl nor Lhe MarxlsLs, llke Lhe CuM, avalled
Lhemselves of Lhls offer, buL many oLhers dld. ln
addlLlon many former soldlers chose Lo volunLeer, as
besldes Lhe CulnLas, only Lhe AsalLos and oLher
SecurlLy Servlces dld noL LreaL Lhem wlLh dlsLrusL,
susplclon and occaslonally ouLrlghL hosLlllLy. As a
resulL Lhe CulnLas were able Lo Lraln machlne
gunners, morLar and arLlllery men, as well as oLher
speclallLles, besldes offerlng Lhe usual small arms
Lralnlng.

1he ldea of a opular MlllLla belng dlsclpllned and
mlllLarlsed, ln Lhe way ln whlch Lhe CulnLas were
dolng so, was heavlly crlLlclzed by Lhe oLher parLles,
parLlcularly Lhe anarchlsLs of Lhe Cn1/lAl who
consldered lL reacLlonary and bourgeols. 1he
CommunlsLs argued LhaL Lhey were followlng Lhe
prlnclples behlnd Lhe formaLlon of Lhe 8ed Army of
Lhe 8olshevlks durlng Lhe 8usslan 8evoluLlon and LhaL
dlsclpllne, along wlLh pollLlcal lndocLrlnaLlon, were
essenLlal lf Lhe 8epubllc was Lo beaL Lhe fasclsLs. 1he
Regiments training regimen, besides the obvious
formaLlon and weapons drlll, also lncluded pollLlcal
educaLlon. 1o furLher Lhls Commlssars were also
Lralned and added Lo unlLs aL all levels from Company
upwards, and were expecLed Lo conLlnue Lhe pollLlcal
educaLlon of Lhe Lroops ln Lhe fleld.

uesplLe belng based on 8ed Army prlnclples, Lhe usual
Spanlsh sysLem of mlllLary organlsaLlon was used,
along wlLh Lhe same levels of command, maklng Lhem
somewhaL unlque wlLhln Lhe opular MlllLla aL LhaL
Llme, who appear Lo have done anyLhlng buL adopL a
formal mlllLary command sLrucLure. Whlle company,
baLLallon and oLher hlgher level commanders were
selecLed by Lhe command of Lhe 8eglmenL, lndlvldual
plaLoon and oLher low level unlL commanders were
elecLed by Lhelr men. Pavlng elecLed Lhelr [unlor
leaders, Lhe men were expecLed Lo obey Lhem
wlLhouL quesLlon or refusal, a pollcy LhaL was
relnforced by boLh a mlllLary code of [usLlce and
backed by Lhe lnsLlLuLlon of whaL were effecLlvely
baLLallon and reglmenLal fleld pollce.

AL flrsL Lhe perlod of Lralnlng was measured ln days
raLher Lhan weeks, such was Lhe need Lo geL men ouL
lnLo Lhe fleld. uesplLe Lhls shorL perlod of Lralnlng, Lhe
dlfference beLween the Companlas de Acero (Steel
Companles) produced by Lhe CulnLas and Lhe Lyplcal
mlllLla unlL, was qulLe marked. When Lhe Lralnlng
perlod was exLended Lhls became even more so.
Whlle oLher mlllLla unlLs were as capable as Lhe
CulnLas, mosL were noL, buL each of Lhe SLeel
Companles dlsLlngulshed lLself ln baLLle. 1hls of course
popularlzed Lhe 8eglmenL, whlch ln Lurn lncreased Lhe
numbers of volunLeers wanLlng Lo [oln.

8y Lhe end of !uly 1936 and lncludlng Lhose personnel
of Lhe orlglnal Lhree baLLallons whlch had formed lL,
Lhe 8eglmenL counLed lLs personnel aL [usL under
8,000 men. 1he followlng monLh Lhls had rlsen Lo
almosL 13,000, Lhe nexL monLh afLer LhaL 23,000.
When Lhe 8eglmenL was dlsbanded ln uecember 1936
and lLs unlLs absorbed lnLo Lhe new ABC2'(01 .1D+/42
%" /4 E"DF,/('4 (opular Army of Lhe 8epubllc) L8,
almosL 80,000 men ln LoLal had been Lralned by Lhe
llfLh 8eglmenL. 1he survlvors were Lo form several of
the EPRs brigades, some of whom were composed
enLlrely of 3
Lh
8eglmenL Lralned personnel, such as Lhe
1
sL
8rlgade, whlch was commanded by Lnrlque LlsLer,
who had Lhe flrsL of Lhe SLeel Companles lnLo baLLle.

Page 49
1hls llsL can be used Lo form a 3
Lh
8eglmenL Lralned
plaLoon, mosL Lyplcally one belonglng Lo one of Lhe
SLeel Companles, from Lhe beglnnlng of AugusL 1936
Lo uecember 1936. lL may Lhen be used from Lhen
unLll mld-1937 Lo represenL one of Lhe mlllLarlsed
mlllLla baLLallons LhaL had yeL Lo be lncorporaLed lnLo
Lhe L8. 1he lnflux of SovleL equlpmenL from CcLober
largely wenL Lo Lhose formaLlons Lhe CommunlsLs
approved of, amongsL whlch Lhelr own 3Lh 8eglmenL
unlLs, as well as Lhe lnLernaLlonal 8rlgades.

1hls llsL ls also usable for some early lnLernaLlonal
8rlgade unlLs, who recelved slmllar Lralnlng ln
CaLalonla, before belng senL Lo Madrld Lo asslsL ln lLs
defence. 1he speclflc lnLernaLlonal 8rlgade llsLs
provlde a fuller LreaLmenL of Lhe G*0"2*4'(1*4/"5H wlLh
Lhe opular MlllLla llsL coverlng Lhe very early
lnLernaLlonal CenLurlasI Llke Lhe CulnLas Lhe
G*0"2*4'(1*4/"5 were amongsL Lhe flrsL unlLs Lo be
absorbed lnLo Lhe L8 as Lhe army was reorganlsed.

Page 50

"#$%&'() *)+,-.% /0 -. 10+23-'&.
4"*15

1"*6789:;< ;1=> 9<?;<@1>A ?1B= C": DEFG
41"*6789:;<5
1he L8 plaLoon (Seccln) sLrucLure was formallsed
across all of Lhe mlxed brlgades (8rlgadas MlxLas)
from laLe 1936. lundamenLally lL was sLlll Lhe same as
Lhe pre-Clvll War organlsaLlonal sLrucLure, wlLh small
dlfferences.

8lfle laLoon command was now a slngle 1
sL
or 2
nd

LleuLenanL, accompanled by a 8unner (Lnlace), who
commanded Lhree SecLlons (eloLones), Lwo of whlch
were deslgnaLed as 8lfle-Crenadler SecLlons
(eloLones de luslleros Cranaderos) and Lhe Lhlrd as
Lhe MorLar SecLlon (eloLn de MorLeros).

Lach SecLlon was led by a SergeanL (SargenLo) and
each of Lhelr componenL Squads (Lscuadras) by
Corporals (Cabos). 1he 8lfle-Crenadler SecLlons had
Lhree Squads, Lhe flrsL of whlch lncluded a slngle llghL
machlne gun. 1he MorLar SecLlon had Lwo Squads,
each servlng a slngle 30mm llghL morLar. Lach of Lhe
rlfle Squads had four 8lflemen (luslleros), buL morLar
Squads had only Lhree each.

The Machine Gun Companys two Platoons (Seccln
de AmeLralladoras), were agaln based on Lhe prevlous
model, buL were now sLreamllned Lo produce Lwo
Machlne Cun SecLlons (Crupos luego), each of Lwo
Machlne Cun Squads (Lscuadras de AmeLralladoras).

laLoon PC conslsLed of a 1
sL
or 2
nd
LleuLenanL,
accompanled by a 1elephone CperaLor (1elemeLrlsLa),
an Crderly (Crdenanza) and elLher a drlver or mule
handler (ConducLor), dependlng on how Lhe unlL was
carrled.

Lach SecLlon was led by a SergeanL and each of Lhe
Squads was led by a Corporal. Lach Squad had Lhree
luslleros Lo serve Lhe weapon lLself and Lwo luslleros
Lo elLher handle Lhe Squads mules, or to drive its
LransporL vehlcle(s).
8aLLallon supporL sLlll prlmarlly relled on boLh Lhe
Machlne Cun Company and the accompanying
weapons platoon, the later was initially reinforced by
an addlLlonal lnfanLry gun, glvlng one secLlon of Lwo
81mm medlum morLars and anoLher of Lwo lnfanLry
guns. 1he guns were laLer wlLhdrawn Lo be replaced
by an addlLlonal 81mm morLar secLlon, creaLlng a
Mortar Platoon.

8rlgade level supporL was now more varled and
besldes Lhe usual arLlllery Lypes, Lanks, armoured
cars, anLl-Lank and anLl-alrcrafL unlLs were added Lo
Lhese formaLlons as supply allowed.

19?8"HI1"<;C9"1 *8;@BB<
lL ls clear LhaL many unlLs dld noL always have Lhelr
full auLhorlsed levels of supporL weapons lnlLlally. 1he
plaLoon ls Lherefore presenLed wlLh lLs full
complemenL of personnel, buL llghL machlne guns and
morLars are Lo be added as supporL cholces.

MorLar Squads lacklng a morLar may be dlsLrlbuLed
across Lhe Lwo rlfle secLlons lf deslred. lf used as a
third rifle section however, they may not be issued
an LMC.

*8;@BB< ?B1:" 1;@9<I
!"#$%&'( -1
*+,,&-. /01"( 3

"#$%
MorLar squads use a supporL llsL cholce Lo equlp
each squad wlLh Lhelr 30mm morLar
*8;@BB< J";CK6;1@"1L
"#$%#$&#' !"#$%& (")*"&+ ()*#+ ,%&- .%/&01 ($+ (
23/%1#)0 ()*#+ ,%&- ( )%41#5
&'()( *)( +,- .(/+0-1% "() 2#*+--13 (*/'
19?8"HI1"<;C9"1 L":@9B<L D M N
6()7#$&0' ,-#$%& (")*"& ()*#+ ,%&- 8%41# 0) 69:
&'()( *)( +')(( .4$*5% "() .(/+0-13 (*/'
LK6;CL D FA ";:JO
;(<0 = > 23/%1#)0/' (11 ()*#+ ,%&- )%41#/5

=B1@;1 L":@9B<
6()7#$&0' ,-#$%& (")*"& ()*#+ ,%&- 8%41# 0) 69:
=B1@;1 LK6;CL D M NA ";:JP
;(<0 = ? 23/%1#)0/ (11 ()*#+ ,%&- )%41#/5
Page 51
=;:J9<" I6< *8;@BB< 47"?B1" <BQ DEFR B<8>5
lnlLlal shorLages of auLomaLlc weapons meanL LhaL
many unlLs dld noL always have Lhelr full complemenL
of machlne guns. ln some cases Lhls was overcome by
subsLlLuLlng llghL machlne guns, Lhus denylng Lhem Lo
Lhe 8lfle laLoons, ln oLhers by dolng wlLhouL unLll
Lhey became avallable. 1he laLoon ls Lherefore
presenLed wlLh lLs full personnel complemenL, buL lLs
weapons are selecLed from Lhe supporL llsL.

*8;@BB< ?B1:" 1;@9<I
!"#$%&'( -3
*+,,&-. /01"( 3
luslleros ln rlfle only Squads have hand grenades.

SSS

"6TUB I6C;1BL@"; B:@B7"1 DEFG @B ;*198 DEFR
Whlle Lhe opular MlllLlas ln Lhe norLh had formed
Mlxed 8rlgades and dlvlslons, Lhe 8asques had noL
and aLLempLed Lo form a separaLe 8asque Army,
conLalnlng varlous supporL servlces, an arLlllery
reglmenL, cavalry and over LhlrLy baLLallons. lrom
Aprll 1937 however, Lhese were formed lnLo mlxed
brlgades and are lncluded ln Lhe LoLals above.

1he 8asques shared many slmllarlLles wlLh Lhe
1radlLlonallsL MlllLlas and lf lL had noL been for Lhe
lnslsLence on a separaLe 8asque naLlon, Lhey and Lhe
1radlLlonallsLs could very well have formed Lhe core
of a third faction during the Spanish Civil War,
agalnsL boLh Lhe naLlonallsLs and Lhe 8epubllc.

1o represenL Lhe dlfferenL quallLles of Lhe 8asques
whlle Lhey were sLlll flghLlng for Lhelr homeland wlLh a
bellef ln vlcLory, Lhe followlng rules and characLerlsLlcs
apply:

*8;@BB< ?B1:" 1;@9<I
2'""- +' !"#$%&'( -1 or +1
*+,,&-. /01": 3
!"#$% '$'()# *+ ,-". #/$ 012#""3 4"-)$ 52#637 6, #28637 2
9: ;12#""3 before Nov 37.
;CC9@9B<;8 L6**B1@ 89L@ :JB9:"L
*19"L@
MosL 8asque companles had Lhelr own rlesL, who
wenL lnLo baLLle wlLh Lhem. unlLs wlLh an aLLached
rlesL are raLed as Aggresslve and always lgnore
Lhe flrsL polnL of shock recelved. 1hey have Lhelr
shock reduced by double Lhe usual amounL (l.e. 2
polnLs per lnlLlaLlve spenL) lf boLh a leader and
rlesL are aLLached - See SecLlon 4.3.3. 1he lnsLanL Lhe
rlesL ls no longer aLLached apply all rules relaLlng Lo
shock Lo effecLed unlLs. rlesLs are LreaLed as offlcers
when deLermlnlng loss ln play.

1"89I9B6L 9:B<
8asque unlLs, llke Lhe 8equeLes, ofLen wenL lnLo
baLLle wlLh a 8ellglous lcon, ofLen a holy banner
carrled by a respecLed senlor non-commlssloned
offlcer. lf chosen Lhey may lgnore one polnL of shock
recelved per phase of play. 1he banner bearer may
noL flre a weapon buL does counL as flghLlng ln
combaL. Pe can acL as a <$36"- =$2'$- lf he ls noL ln
Lhe command dlsLance of anoLher <$36"- =$2'$- and
can acLlvaLe unlLs ln Lhe same way. lf he ls kllled
anoLher soldler may carry Lhe lcon buL may noL acL as
a Leader.

333

*8;@BB< J";CK6;1@"1L
"#$%#$&#' !"#$%& (")*"&+ ()*#+ ,%&- .%/&015
? 23/%1#)0/' #(@- ()*#+ ,%&- )%41#/5
&'()( *)( +,- .(/+0-1% "() 2#*+--13 (*/'
=;:J9<"HI6< L":@9B<L D M N
6()7#$&0' ,-#$%& (")*"& ()*#+ ,%&- )%41# 0) 69:
&'()( *)( +,- .4$*5% "() .(/+0-13 (*/'
LK6;CL D M NA ";:JO
;(<0 = A 23/%1#)0/' (11 ()*#+ ,%&- )%41#/5
7;LK6" :J;1;:@"19L@9:L
4"&' 56" 7''0-580( 1he 8asque >--63#?6 was Lhe
equlvalenL of a cross beLween Lhe ConfederaLe
Rebel Yell and the ululating battle cries of some
norLh Afrlcan peoples. 8esldes slgnallng [oy and
happlness, lL was also used Lo psych-up Lhe
8asques afLer Lhe prlesLs had blessed Lhem and
before Lhey wenL lnLo baLLle wlLh Lhls, 8asques
are always LreaLed as Aggresslve.

9&16&.&( /6'637 @$/63' '$,$3)$A B2A ",#$3 A$$3
2A ;2-#6)(12-1C (3.231C (3#61 #/$ -$216#6$A ", B2-
,63211C A$# 63D When flred upon ln cover by small
arms weapons, re-roll any 1s that miss.

Page 52
9<@"1<;@9B<;8 719I;C" :J;1;:@"19L@9:L
:"5; < :+%$-5""';( 8eflecLlng Lhe moLlvaLlon and
morale of the Internationals add one (+1) to a
units Force Morale die roll (p11).

8eflecLlng Lhelr shock Lroop sLaLus, lnLernaLlonals
are LreaLed as Aggresslve Lroops, always lgnorlng
Lhe flrsL polnL of shock recelved.
@J" 9<@"1<;@9B<;8 719I;C"L
1he mosL famous unlLs LhaL can be creaLed from Lhls
llsL are of course Lhose of Lhe lnLernaLlonal 8rlgades.
1hey are an ever-popular force, whose lmpacL has
suffered some exaggeraLlon. 1hey were wlLhouL
doubL very brave men and as volunLeers, as well as
almosL enLlrely commlLLed soclallsLs and communlsLs,
their commitment to the fight against the fascists is
wlLhouL doubL. 1hls commlLmenL ls whaL seLs Lhem
aparL from Lhose Spanlsh unlLs whlch conLalned ever
lncreaslng numbers of conscrlpLs durlng early 1937.

Much of LhaL bravery and commlLmenL wenL wlLh
Lhem Lo Lhe grave afLer Lhe horrendous losses
suffered by Lhe 8rlgaders ln Lhelr early baLLles
however. 1he lnlLlal flood of forelgn volunLeers also
vlrLually drled up aL around Lhe same Llme as Lhey
were really needed Lo replace losses and lnsLead
Spanlsh Lroops were used Lo flll Lhe gaps.

1o acknowledge Lhe conLrlbuLlon made by Lhese men
Lhe followlng rules and characLerlsLlcs apply Lo
lnLernaLlonal 8rlgade unlLs:

*8;@BB< ?B1:" 1;@9<I
!"#$%&'( +1
*+,,&-. /01": 3
!"#$% '$'()# *+ ,-". #/$ 012#""3 4"-)$ 52#637 6, #28637 2
9: ;12#""3 before Nov 37.

;CC9@9B<;8 L6**B1@ 89L@ :JB9:"L
;<@9 ?;L:9L@9
8elng capLured, especlally lf wounded, whlle wearlng
Lhe red Lrlangular sLar of Lhe >3#$-32)6"321$A could
mean almosL cerLaln deaLh, or lf really unlucky, belng
a presenL Lo Lhe local Cerman or lLallan commander lf
you came from Lhose counLrles. Lven ln non-fasclsL
counLrles havlng served ln a forelgn army could mean
loss of clLlzenshlp and/or prlson.

1herefore, lnLernaLlonals up unLll mld 1937, are never
'8roken' (14.6), buL lnsLead '8eLlre' 6"+2u6" and
become 'plnned' or Lhey may halL and become
'plnned' on reachlng any cover along LhaL rouLe. 1hey
are rallled as normal.

=>! 7?@A?B!C >DABEE? FG>>E!B D7FB
D7FB E?=
Ad[uLanL
SecLlon Leaders (EFGHI)
Medlcal Crderly
Car or 1ruck
Mlnefleld
8oadblock
8arbed Wlre
LnLrenchmenLs for one Squad
MoloLov CockLalls
Lnglneer Mlne Clearance Squad, 3 men
Lnglneer Wlre CuLLlng Squad, 3 men
Lnglneer uemollLlon Squad, 3 men
30mm MorLar Lo equlp a slngle (MorLar) Squad
Machlne 8lfles Lo equlp a Squad(s)*
LlghL Machlne Cun Lo equlp a slngle Squad
1op MounLed MMC flLLed Lo 1-268/81-3/8A-3/6***
D7FB BHE
rlesL (J2AK($ "31C)
8ellglous lcon (J2AK($ "31C)
Commlssar
re-Came arLlllery barrage**
20mm SLMAC AA/A1 Cun wlLh L(36"- =$2'$- & 2 Crew
lA-l/unL-33
Plspano-Sulza MC-36 (MC)
D7FB B4!==
Snlper Squad
re-Came arLlllery barrage (Peavy)** (EFGHI)
Medlum Machlne Cun Lo equlp a slngle Squad
70/16 lnfanLry Cun wlLh L(36"- =$2'$- & 3 crew
37/43 A1 gun wlLh L(36"- =$2'$- & 3 crew
Plspano-Sulza MC-36 (43mm)
8A-3/6 or M37
8andom Alr SupporL
D7FB @EG!
AnLl-lasclsLl (enLlre plaLoon)
43/44 A1 gun wlLh L(36"- =$2'$- & 3 crew
76.2 mm uLllov lleld Cun wlLh L(36"- =$2'$- & 3 crew
1-268
81-3 ("31C 2,#$- <$; 37)
D7FB @7:=
D7FB F7I
81mm MorLar laLoon wlLh observer
D7FB F=:=?
Medlum Machlne Cun SecLlon wlLh L(36"- =$2'$-
*1hls selecLlon galns Lwo weapons.
**Cnly one of each Lype.
*** Oct 37+
Page 53
;1=> L6**B1@ 89L@ <B@"L
come wlLh a L(36"- =$2'$-. vehlcles do noL have
8adlos.


wlLh a L(36"- =$2'$-. lnfanLry and weapons Squads
rarely come wlLh a leader, whereas full SecLlons and
heavler supporL weapons do. 1he llsLs show all L(36"-
=$2'$- asslgnmenLs where Lhey are presenL for all
Lroops barrlng vehlcles as dlscussed above.

noLe: All weapons and vehlcles wlLhln Lhe same class
(l.e. A1 Cuns, armoured cars, Lanks eLc) musL be of Lhe
same Lype and model, l.e. 1-26 and 81-3 Lanks may
noL be used LogeLher.

=;:J9<" 19?8"L M 8=IL
Squad can replace crew casualLles.

ln 8lfle laLoons only one LMC may be lssued per
Squad and only Squad ln a SecLlon may be so
equlpped. ln Machlnegun laLoons only one weapon
may be lssued Lo a Squad and LhaL Squad may noL
have a Medlum Machlne Cun already lssued Lo lL.

Machlne 8lfles are weapons llke Lhe ChauchaL and
oLher lnferlor quallLy llghL machlne guns supplled
from varlous sources. A supporL level cholce galns Lwo
such weapons Lo be dlsLrlbuLed Lo a squad(s).

="C96= =;:J9<" I6<L 47"?B1" <BQ DEFR5
A slngle Medlum Machlne Cun may be lssued, per
selecLlon, Lo a Squad ln a Machlne Cun laLoon only.
The Cabo becomes the weapons gunner and two
Fusileros are assigned as the weapons loaders. CLher
luslleros ln Lhe same Squad can replace crew
casualLles.

A Medlum Machlne Cun may noL be lssued ln
con[uncLlon wlLh a LlghL Machlne Cun ln Lhe same
Squad, buL Lhe SecLlon or laLoon lLself may conLaln a
mlx of boLh weapon Lypes.

="C96= =;:J9<"I6< L":@9B< 4<BQ DEFR B<5
MN6'$3)$ A(77$A#A #/2# #/$-$ B2A 2 ."N$ #"B2-'A
'$)$3#-216A637 #/$ .2)/63$ 7(3 )".;23C 2A #/$ B2-
B$3# "3 23' 63'6N6'(21 92)/63$ :(3 <$)#6"3A B$-$
2##2)/$' #" A(;;"-# 56,1$ O".;236$A 2# #/$ '6A)-$#6"3
", #/$ @2##216"3 )"..23'$-D

A 8lfle laLoon may selecL Lhe Machlne Cun SecLlon as
a supporL cholce, buL may noL selecL a Machlne Cun
8arrage or SupporL llre as addlLlonal opLlons lf he
does (Lhough an arLlllery barrage ls sLlll posslble). 1he
SecLlon musL be flelded as a slngle unlL of Lwo Squads
under lLs L(36"- =$2'$- and elLher may noL be
deployed beyond hls command dlsLance.

B??H@;78" =;:J9<" I6< ?91" L6**B1@
llre SupporL. lf on-Lable MMCs are Laken Lhen off-
Lable MC flre supporL ls noL allowed.

1hls supporL opLlon may noL be selecLed lf Lhe player
selecLs an on Lable Machlne Cun SecLlon, or lf he ls
fleldlng a Machlne Cun laLoon as hls force.

*1" I;=" 7;11;I"
A Peavy barrage represenLs Lhe dedlcaLed asseLs of
103mm+ baLLerles ln supporL. 1he opposlng player
subLracLs -1 Lo hls score for Lroop deploymenL as per
rule 4.3.

VW== =B1@;1 LK6;C
1hls opLlon ls only avallable Lo a 8lfle laLoon. Cne
weapon per selection may be issued to a Mortar
Squad and each Squad may only have one of these
weapons. 1he Cabo ls designated as the weapons
gunner and Lwo luslleros as lLs loaders. CLher
luslleros ln Lhe same Squad can replace crew
casualLles. All are armed wlLh rlfles.

A <$36"- or L(36"- =$2'$- may boLh acLlvaLe and/or
MorLar Squad.

may use Lhelr rlfles.

Page 54
B?? ;<C B< @;78" ?91" L6**B1@
Some slgnlflcanL changes Look place ln regards
medlum morLars, lnfanLry guns and fleld guns durlng
Lhls perlod. lnlLlally each baLLallon had Lwo weapon
secLlons (one each of lnfanLry guns and medlum
morLars) and each brlgade had Lhree baLLerles of
73mm guns and a slngle 103mm or 130mm baLLery.

1hls proved almosL lmposslble Lo malnLaln wlLhln
every brlgade, even when Lhe lnfanLry guns were
wlLhdrawn as more medlum morLars became
avallable and arLlllery baLLerles of 70mm guns were
formed. lrom november 1937, all of Lhe arLlllery unlLs
were wlLhdrawn from Lhe brlgades, excepL a slngle
Lhree-gun 70mm or 73mm baLLery and cenLrallsed Lo
form dlvlslonal arLlllery unlLs.

lor Lhe sake of slmpllclLy off-Lable flre supporL has
been dlvlded lnLo Lwo-weapon 81mm secLlons, Lhree-
gun 73mm or 76.2mm baLLerles (buL whlch could
acLually be 70mm) and four-weapon 81mm morLar
plaLoons (whlch essenLlally have a slmllar effecL Lo
four gun 73mm baLLerles, so can be Laken as
represenLlng Lhese Loo).

Cn-Lable use of Lhese weapons does lmplnge on off-
Lable use however. A maxlmum of Lwo arLlllery pleces
(wheLher lnfanLry gun or fleld gun) may be deployed
on-Lable and boLh musL be of Lhe same Lype. lf on-
Lable fleld or lnfanLry guns are selecLed, Lhen Lhe only
off-Lable selecLlons may be, 81mm morLar secLlons or
plaLoons.

A sLandard four gun arLlllery baLLery barrage ls
14x14. Where batteries are reduced in size, the
(lengLh and wldLh of Lhe) barrage area ls reduced by
2 per gun as ls Lhe supporL llsL cosL by one level per
gun. 8eflecLlng Lhls Lhe relevanL bombardmenL areas
are,

81mm MorLar SecLlons 10 x 10
73mm or 76.2mm 8aLLerles 12 x 12
81mm MorLar laLoons 14 x 14

All almlng polnLs are aL Lhe cenLre of Lhe area. lor Cff
1able weapons refer Lo Lhe Speclflc 8ules for Cff 1able

re-game barrages are noL affecLed ln any way wlLh
Lhe use of Lhe heavy 103mm heavy guns belng
lncluded as a pre-game barrage cholce.

:B==9LL;1 4!"#$%$&!'(%5
A ollLlcal uelegaLe (P$1$72'" 0"16#6)") or Commlssar
may be acLlvaLed on a Command ulce roll of 3. lf Lhe
player acLlvaLes Lhe Commlssar he does noL lncrease
hls Chaln of Command Lally by one. When acLlvaLed a
Commlssar moves as normal. lf aLLached Lo a squad
he may move wlLh LhaL squad wlLhouL belng acLlvaLed
hlmself.

CombaL. A Commlssar does noL flre or crew weapons.
lf Lhe <$36"- =$2'$- ls hlL, Lhe presence of Lhe
Commlssar reduces Lhe effecL of hls loss Lo LhaL of a
L(36"- =$2'$-. 1he loss of Lhe Commlssar counLs as
LhaL of a <$36"- =$2'$-.

L":@9B< 8";C"1L
Superlor !unlor Leaders from 1938.

=B8B@BQ :B:U@;98

1;<CB= ;91 L6**B1@

;<@9H@;<U I6<L
Lach Mlxed 8rlgade evenLually had an AnLl-1ank
Company aLLached Lo Lhem. 1yplcally each baLLery
was composed of Lhe same weapon, buL Lhe weapon
Lypes across Lhe varlous brlgades were qulLe eclecLlc.
LvenLually Lhe SovleL 37mm Can CC 37/45 M-35R
and 43mm Can CC 45/44 Plasencia M-32R Lypes
became Lhe mosL common.

Page 55
1he reallsaLlon LhaL Lhe numerous opular MlllLla
baLLallons were noL up Lo Lhe Lask of defeaLlng Lhe
naLlonallsL Army became apparenL very soon afLer
Lhe lnlLlal weeks of Lhe coup. Whlle Lhey may have
been sufflclenL ln deallng wlLh Lhe lnlLlal dlsorganlsed
coup, once Lhe naLlonallsLs had begun Lo consolldaLe
Lhelr hold on Lhe LerrlLory surroundlng Lhe areas Lhey
held and Lhe Afrlcan Army Corps unlLs had begun
arrlvlng ln force, whaL were essenLlally armed clvlllans
were noL golng Lo be sufflclenL. 1he reverses of Lhe
flrsL few weeks broughL Lhls message home ln no
uncerLaln Lerms.

Whlle a pragmaLlsL mlghL noL be alarmed by Lhe
numbers of people kllled, glven Lhe populaLlon
avallable Lo draw on, Lhe loss of LerrlLory and Lhe
subsequent White Terror which followed, added Lo
Lhe losses already suffered amongst the Republics
supporLers. lrom a sLraLeglc perspecLlve Lhe ofLen
preclplLaLe reLreaLs by Lhe mlllLla columns also
resulLed ln Lhe abandonmenL of valuable and scarce
weaponry, parLlcularly machlne guns and arLlllery, and
whlch Lhe mlllclanos had ofLen noL LhoughL Lo desLroy
or dlsable ln Lhe process. Loslng Lhe weapons was one
Lhlng, glfLlng Lhem Lo Lhe enemy was essenLlally Lwlce
Lhe loss.

lrom AugusL 1936 plans were belng made Lo form a
new Popular Army, Lhe L[erclLo opular de la
8epubllca (L8), Lhe leaders of whlch would be
sulLably veLLed for Lhelr pollLlcal sympaLhles and ln
whlch Lhe Lroops would be lnsLrucLed ln pollLlcal
ldeology as well as more marLlal maLLers. AL Lhe same
Llme a deparLmenL was esLabllshed Lo oversee Lhe
mlllLlas, Lhe >3A;$))6Q3 :$3$-21 '$ 9616)62A (lCM),
whose role was Lo oversee boLh supply and
provlslonlng of Lhe varlous formaLlons, buL also Lo
begln Lhe process of mlllLarlzaLlon wlLhln Lhose same
unlLs. Whlle elLher Lhe Cn1 or Lhe CuM, amongsL
oLhers would noL engage wlLh Lhe mlllLarlsaLlon
process, Lhe oLher parLles and facLlons dld.

1he CommunlsLs were already engaged ln a slmllar
process wlLh Lhelr 3Lh 8eglmenL ln Madrld, buL
worklng wlLh Lhe lCM, Lhey now had Lhe opporLunlLy
Lo expand LhaL programme across Lhe whole
8epubllcan Zone, noL leasL amongsL Lhe varlous
communlsL and afflllaLed forelgn volunLeers who were
arrlvlng ln conslderable numbers ln CaLalonla and who
would laLer form Lhe famous lnLernaLlonal 8rlgades.

lL was Lo be CcLober before Lhe flrsL baLLallons were
formed from new volunLeers and Lhose formaLlons
noL currenLly ln Lhe fronLllnes. 1he lnlLlal sLrucLure for
a baLLallon was Lo be Lhree rlfle companles and a
machlne gun company, wlLh a fourLh rlfle company
acLlng as a depoL unlL Lo Lraln replacemenLs for Lhe
oLher companles. Lach company was Lo follow Lhe
pre-war organlsation at its war establishment (i.e.
Lhree plaLoons) and where posslble lL was Lo have lLs
full complemenL of auLomaLlc weapons and morLars.

uesplLe Lhe lnflux of SovleL and oLher weapons (whlch
lnlLlally were somewhaL obsoleLe, even by Spanlsh
sLandards) Lhere were sLlll shorLages. 1he efforL was
made Lo provlde aL leasL one llghL machlne gun and aL
leasL one llghL morLar per plaLoon, for each plaLoon ln
Lhe rlfle companles and aL leasL Lwo medlum machlne
guns per plaLoon ln Lhe machlne gun companles. ln
many cases weapons provlded were ofLen of dlfferenL
Lypes and callbres whlch made supplylng any
formaLlon wlLh ammunlLlon a loglsLlcal nlghLmare. 8y
mld-1937 however mosL unlLs were equlpped wlLh
Lhelr full complemenL of weapons (mosLly of Lhe same
Lype) however and Lhe less useful lLems were
conflned Lo Lhe shorLly Lo be dlsbanded Cn1 and
CuM unlLs ouLslde of Lhe L8 sLrucLure.

SupporL aL baLLallon level recelved a small boosL by
Lhe allocaLlon of, flrsLly an addlLlonal lnfanLry gun and
subsequenLly by Lhe removal of Lhose weapons and
Lhe expanslon of Lhe Lwo-weapon medlum morLar
secLlon lnLo a full plaLoon of four weapons. 1he
8epubllc ln facL puL a loL of efforL lnLo produclng
morLars for lLs army, a weapon Lhe naLlonallsLs
appear Lo have placed llLLle value on.

8eLween mld-CcLober and uecember 1936 lndlvldual
baLLallons were Lo be grouped by fours lnLo Lhe flrsL
slx Mlxed 8rlgades (8rlgadas MlxLas), Lo whlch were
also Lo be aLLached an arLlllery group of four fleld
arLlllery baLLerles (Lyplcally Lhree of 73mm and one of
103mm guns). ln pracLlce Lhls ofLen resulLed ln Lhe
fleld baLLerles uLlllslng Lhe now spare 70mm weapons
alongslde Lhe oLher weapons. Lnglneer, supply and
slmllar unlLs were also lnLegraLed lnLo Lhe brlgades,
along wlLh a motorised scout squadron (essenLlally a
moLorlsed rlfle company), buL whlch was ofLen
replaced by a mounLed lnfanLry unlL or cavalry unlL
lnsLead.

A furLher forLy four brlgades had been formed ln Lhe
Madrld area by Sprlng 1937 and a furLher LhlrLy Lwo
on Lhe LasL CoasL beLween Andalucla and CaLalonla.
8y May 1937 Lhere was a LoLal of 133 8rlgades ln Lhe
Aragon and CenLral (Madrld) Zones. ln Lhe norLh
Lhere were a furLher LhlrLy slx brlgades, made up from
8asque, opular MlllLla and Lhe remnanLs of LoyallsL
Army unlLs LhaL Lhe 8asques had noL dlsbanded when
Lhe 8epubllc had done so. Many of Lhese unlLs were
noL acLually ready Lo be puL lnLo Lhe llne however and
lacked boLh Lralnlng and weapons.

Page 56
resumably Lhere were some dlfflculLles provldlng Lhe
full complemenL of supporL weapons and servlces
once Lhe process was rolled ouL across Lhe whole
army, as ln november 1937 a fundamenLal change
was made Lo each brlgade. 1he servlce unlLs were
reduced ln slze and Lhe scouL squadron was reduced
Lo plaLoon slze. 1he arLlllery group was also reduced,
so as to form divisional artillery units, leaving a single
baLLery of Lwo, Lhree or four 70mm lnfanLry guns, lf
Lhey were avallable (apparenLly Lhere were only 64
survlvlng ones aL Lhe end of 1937) for Lhe brlgades
own use. 1he baLLallon machlne gun companles were
dlsbanded and a slngle brlgade machlne gun company
(organlzed Lhe same way as Lhe prevlous baLLallon
companles), replaced Lhem.

1he baLLallons were now composed of four rlfle
companles (wlLh Lhe same organlzaLlon as before),
buL wlLh only a Lwo-weapon medlum morLar secLlon
once more. AnecdoLal evldence and phoLographs
suggesL LhaL, Lhe lndlvldual machlne gun secLlons (Lwo
weapon Squads) wlLhln Lhe brlgade machlne gun
company could be aLLached Lo lndlvldual lnfanLry
baLLallons or companles as requlred, aL Lhe dlscreLlon
of Lhe brlgade commander. WlLh only elghL weapons
ln Lhe brlgade lnsLead of Lhe prevlous LhlrLy Lwo, lL ls a
far more efflclenL use of Lhem, as opposed Lo a slngle
massed baLLery Lrylng Lo cover four baLLallons.

ulvlslons had begun Lo be formed shorLly afLer Lhe
flrsL mlxed brlgades had been esLabllshed. Lach
dlvlslon was supposed Lo conLaln Lhree of Lhe mlxed
brlgades, Lhe Lhlrd of whlch was Lo be provlded wlLh a
flve vehlcle armoured car plaLoon, wlLh Lhe dlvlslon
also havlng a reconnalssance group of Lhree cavalry
squadrons. 1hree dlvlslons were Lhe usual sub-unlLs of
a Corps, Lo whlch was Lo be added a cavalry brlgade of
Lwo reglmenLs, varlous fleld and heavy arLlllery groups
(whlch were Lo be asslgned Lo supporL dlvlslons as
requlred) and addlLlonal supply and oLher supporL
servlces. A varylng number of corps formed an army,
whlch evenLually had lLs own baLLallon of 1-26 Lanks,
ln addlLlon Lo Lhe lndependenL armoured brlgades
LhaL were deployed where needed.

Largely cuL off from Lhe resL of Lhe 8epubllc, weapons
and equlpmenL had Lo be senL by sea Lo Lhe norLh.
1hls resulLed ln much of lLs equlpmenL belng of a
lower sLandard Lhan elsewhere, buL ln splLe of Lhls an
armoured reglmenL was formed by mld-1937,
conslsLlng of 20 1-26 1anks, 22 8enaulL l1 (mlxed
roughly 30 guns/machlne guns) and 20 1rubla-naval
Basque Tanks. In addition they received around 50
lA-l and 100 8A-6 armoured cars. unforLunaLely for
Lhe 8epubllcans, mosL of Lhese vehlcles fell lnLo Lhe
hands of Lhe naLlonallsLs when Lhe norLh collapsed ln
laLe 1937.
1hls llsL can be used Lo fleld a 8epubllcan lnfanLry
laLoon for Lhe perlod CcLober 1936 unLll Aprll 1939,
wlLh some overlap wlLh Lhe opular MlllLla llsL unLll
mld-1937, parLlcularly wlLh regard Lo Lhe Cn1 and
CuM. lL can also be used for 8asque unlLs afLer mld-
1937, when lL ls generally accepLed LhaL much of Lhelr
fervor and enLhuslasm had been knocked ouL of Lhem
by blLLer experlence.

4E9A2= BE *ABADE?7A
Whlle Catalonia had not fully subscribed to the Mixed
Brigade concept until after May 1937, it had formed
Lhree (laLer four) dlvlslons as early as 1936, uslng Lhe
named militia columns already existing. 1he Cn1 and
CuM columns had refused Lo mlllLarlse and were
forclbly dlsbanded, wlLh Lhelr survlvlng men spread
across Lhe exlsLlng and new L8 formaLlons
menLloned above. AL Lhe same Llme Lwo Cn1 columns
whlch had been senL Lo Madrld, were also dlsbanded
and Lhelr men re-asslgned. 1he opular MlllLla LlsL ls
Lhe besL army llsL Lo represenL Cn1 and CuM forces
prlor Lo Lhelr dlsbandmenL.

Page 57

"#$%&'$ &( )*$+,-.
"#$%&'$ /'0'+ 1 /$%$2'3(%-*

45/6789: 457;8/54 <6=: 9> >/9>?57 @ABC
DE)98>E)=849 >7 75F6?=8/)EG
1he paramlllLary forces of Lhe Cuardla Clvll (Clvll
Cuard), Carablneros (lronLler Cuard) and Lhe
Cuardlas de AsalLo (AssaulL Cuards), all followed Lhe
sLandard Spanlsh mlllLary organlsaLlon paLLern, wlLh a
few mlnor varlaLlons.

1yplcally Lherefore, Lhelr lndlvldual plaLoons
(Secclones) conslsLed of a small plaLoon command
sLaff of slmply a llrsL or Second LleuLenanL (1enlenLe
or Alferez), accompanled by a SLaff SergeanL
(SargenLo rlmero). 1here were Lwo (Lhree ln Lhe
AssaulL Cuards) large secLlons (eloLones), each led by
a SergeanL (SargenLo) and composed of Lhree squads
(Lscuadras), each of a corporal and flve Cuardla,
excepL Lhe flrsL, where Lhe SergeanL replaced Lhe
Corporal.

WlLh Lhe excepLlon of Lhe plaLoon leader and hls
second ln command, who were armed wlLh plsLols, all
men were supposedly armed wlLh a rlfle or carblne of
Lhe Mauser Lype. CLher weapons were also held ln
Lhelr arsenals however, whlch lncluded sub-machlne
guns, rloL shoLguns and exoLlc Lypes more usually
seen wlelded by prlson or bank guards.

SupporL weapons were vlrLually non-exlsLenL, wlLh
each Cuardla Clvll or Carablnero !"#$%&$%'($
(essenLlally a four company baLLallon-slzed unlL) only
belng auLhorlzed a slngle PoLchklss M.1914 medlum
machlne gun. 1he AssaulL Cuards were somewhaL
beLLer supporLed however and had Lhelr own morLar,
machlne gun and armoured car unlLs.

All Lhree of Lhese servlces also flelded mounLed unlLs,
as well as, ln some cases, moLorlsed or moLorcycle
unlLs. SomewhaL before Lhelr Llme, lL was noL unusual
for machlne guns Lo be mounLed on Lhe beds of
vehicles, to produce the technicals we are more used
Lo seelng ln Lhe modern era.

Players will select one of the Security Services as the
basls for Lhe plaLoon, Lo whlch can be added supporL
opLlons as approprlaLe. MorLars and machlne guns
wlll be lnLegral Leams ln AssaulL Cuard unlLs, buL
oLherwlse represenL elLher aLLached army or oLher
elemenLs as approprlaLe.

Whlle Lyplcally a plaLoon would be formed from a
slngle Lype of unlL, boLh sldes also grouped men from
dlfferenL securlLy servlces Lo make up numbers, or
added mlllLla Lo Lhem Lo form composlLe (*(+,$)
unlLs, ofLen composed of any of Lhe dlfferlng Lypes,
uslng Lhem as elLher ellLe shock Lroops, or Lo sLlffen
less rellable unlLs.

Whlle Lhey were lnlLlally used ln Lhe sLreeL flghLs of
!uly and for lnLernal securlLy afLer LhaL, Lhe 8epubllc
formed shock or assault battalions from the various
securlLy servlces, whlch ofLen absorbed many of Lhe
former soldlers of Lhe dlsbanded pre-war army.

F=)9>>E H>7/5 7)98E"
!"#$%&'( +1 or (+4)
)*++&,- /01": 3 or (6)
F=)9>>E I5)JK6)79574
1enlenLe "#$ %&'($()* +,- SargenLo rlmero. /#01
!"#$%& (")*"&+. /#01 +$2(- 3401 5460#& +,-7#$ 89:;
!"#$# &$# '() *#+',)-. /#$ 01&'))-2 #&+"
45/98>E I5)JK6)79574
8+$<(,0#. ,-#$%& (")*"& +$2(- 3401 $4'&( #$ 89:
!"#$# &$# '"$## *34&5. /#$ *#+',)-2 #&+"
78H=5 4K6)J4 >E5 9> 9I755
78H=5 4K6)J 78H=5 4K6)J 78H=5 4K6)J
= 2(, > 2(, > 2(,

All Lroops are raLed Aggresslve.
lorce raLlng may be command dlce 3 or command
dlce 6 (+4) as deslred.
All Lroops have 1ear Cas and are armed wlLh
rlfles.
.%/"0 -.$,""% /"0'1 "02$%(3$,("%3 $01 4$31& "% $ ,5"
61',("% 3,07',7018 9" 01:0131%, ,;1 <7.. ,;011 31',("%
=33$7., >7$0& :.$,""%? :.$@103 '$% $&& ,;(3 <0"# ,;1
67::"0, A(3,? 5;101 ,;1 ":,("% <"0 $ ,;(0& >7$0&($
31',("% (3 "<<101&8
Page 58

)7L: 46FF>79 =849 E>954
explanaLory. All armoured cars and 1lznaos vehlcles
come wlLh a B7%("0 A1$&10. vehlcles do noL have
8adlos. 1yplcal llghL weapon Lypes are shown

wlLh a B7%("0 A1$&10. lnfanLry 1eams rarely come wlLh
llsLs show all B7%("0 A1$&10 asslgnmenLs where Lhey
noLes.

)H78/)E849) 8EH)E97:
1hese Lroops are lorelgn Leglon or Moroccan Lroops.
45/98>E =5)J574
Superlor !unlor Leaders, unless Lhe force uses 6
Command ulce.

95)7 ")4
1roops may engage ln one phase of flre (per game)
wlLh 1ear Cas. This may be done as normal rifle fire.
nominate a valid target unit within 18 of the firer
and allocaLe u6 shock lf lL ls an lnfanLry or cavalry unlL
(u3 lf vehlcles) no kllls are posslble. lf frlendly Lroops
engage ln combaL ln Lhe same phase, Lhey suffer u3
shock.

)7L: 8EH)E97:
Army lnfanLry are enlnsular Army personnel
attached to understrength Guardia units to reinforce
Lhem.

L8=898) 8EH)E97:
MlllLla lnfanLry reflecLed here are aLLached elemenLs
of Lhe rebel lalange, or 8equeLes MlllLlas, or ln Lhe
case of 8epubllcan unlLs, LwenLy (20) opular MlllLla
from that list (formed as Type A or B squads as
deslred). use naLlonal CharacLerlsLlcs LhaL apply for
Lhe unlL Laken.

M@LL L>79)7 45/98>E
Lach SecLlon only had Lwo medlum morLars ln LoLal.
WlLh only Lwo weapons, Lhe barrage LhaL could be
dellvered was somewhaL less Lhan LhaL whlch could
be dellvered by Lhe laLer four-weapon plaLoons of
WW2. The adjusted area of effect is 10 x 10 with the
almlng polnL ln Lhe cenLre. use Lhe rules for Cff 1able

NOLL L>79)7 95)L
Lach supporL llsL opLlon ls one Lube only. 1he 30mm
morLar has no smoke ammunlLlon, only P.L. lL has a
mlnlmum range of 18, but closer than that the crew
may use Lhelr rlfles. A 61%("0 or B7%("0 A1$&10 may
boLh acLlvaLe and/or spoL for Lhe MorLar 1eam, aL a
cosL of one command lnlLlaLlve polnL, lf Lhe MorLar
1eam ls wlLhln Lhelr command range. no oLher unlL
may spoL for Lhe MorLar Squad.

/);)=7: 4K6)J
1hese Lroops are LreaLed as the equivalent Guardia
lnfanLry, buL are mounLed on horses when Laken as a
supporL llsL opLlon. 1hey may remaln mounLed durlng
play or may deploy on-Lable dlsmounLed. 8efer Lo Lhe
Cavalry Speclflc 8ules.

L>=>9>; />/P9)8=
23)4!567 23!85)32 2499:!6 ;526
;526 :<3
Medlcal Crderly
Ad[uLanL
SecLlon Leaders
8oadblock
MoloLov CockLall
;526 6=:
30mm MorLar Squad wlLh 3 crew (1 per secLlon)
1ruck Lo LransporL enLlre SecLlon, or Lo Low a weapon
MounL Squad on MoLorcycles or Porses
8llbao armoured car
Plspano-Sulza MC36 (MC) 1937 onwards
;526 6>!33
Cavalry Squad wlLh B7%("0 A1$&10
Army lnfanLry SecLlon (Creen) wlLh B7%("0 A1$&10CC
MlllLla SecLlon wlLh B7%("0 A1$&10*
Snlper 1eam, 2 men
CapLured Plspano-Sulza MC36 (43mm) 1937+
Army: 70/16 or 63/17 wlLh 3 crew and a B7%("0 A1$&10
;526 ?:4!
Guards SecLlon wlLh B7%("0 A1$&10CCC
PoLchklss M1914 MMC on Lrlpod mounL, 3 crew
Army: 81mm SecLlon wlLh observer
Army: 73/28 wlLh 3 crew and a B7%("0 A1$&10
;526 ?583
AfrlcanlsLa SecLlon wlLh B7%("0 A1$&10CCCC
C9$D1% <0"# $::0":0($,1 *(.(,($ .(3,8
CCE$,("%$.(3,3 "%.@? ,$D1% <0"# -1%(%37.$0 =0#@
F%<$%,0@ .(3,8 *$@ ;$G1 $% (%,120$. *8HI A*> (% "%1
3J7$& <"0 ,;1 '"3, "< $ 67::"0, .1G1. K%1 ';"('18
CCC*$@ 41 $ L0& 61',("% "< =3$.,"3? "0 $% $,,$';1&
=3$.,"? >7$0&($ !(G(.? "0 !$0$4(%10"3 31',("%
",;105(318
CCCCE$,("%$.(3,3 "%.@? ,$D1% <0"# =0#@ "< =<0('$ .(3,8
Page 59
1he rebelllon of !uly 1936 dlvlded Lhe Lhree servlces
tasked with Spains internal security, the rural
gendarmerle of Lhe Cuardla Clvll, Lhe fronLler guards
of Lhe Carablneros and Lhe urban rloL pollce of Lhe
Cuardla de AsalLo, as well as Lhe local pollce forces of
Lhe Lowns and clLles, almosL ln half. ln some cases Lhe
declslon of whlch slde Lo supporL was by sheer
clrcumsLance of locaLlon, comblned wlLh self-
preservaLlon, whlle ln oLhers lL was a consclous
declslon. Where a commander mlghL choose a slde, lf
hls men dlsagreed wlLh hls cholce, he mlghL flnd
hlmself arresLed. ln Lhe case of Lhe Clvll Cuard of
Puelva, Lhey pledged loyalLy Lo Lhe CovernmenL, only
Lo go over Lo Lhe 8ebels afLer Lhey had been
dlspaLched Lo Sevllle Lo supporL Lhe 8epubllcan mlllLla
Lhere.

1he securlLy forces ofLen bore Lhe brunL of Lhe lnlLlal
flghLlng Lo deLermlne whlch facLlon a locallLy would
be held by, wheLher lL was flghLlng agalnsL rebelllous
soldlers, or Lhe local Lrade unlon mlllLlas. Where Lhese
forces slded wlLh Lhe governmenL, Lhey were
mlsLrusLed by Lhe mlllLlas, as LradlLlonally Lhey were
Lhe forces LhaL had been used Lo puL down sLrlkes and
demonsLraLlons.

All Lhree forces only recrulLed ex-servlce personnel
and ln Lhe case of Lhe Cuardla Clvll and Lhe
Carablneros, acLually had servlng Army offlcers posLed
Lo command some unlLs. As a resulL Lhey were ofLen
more experlenced and beLLer Lralned Lhan many
enlnsular 8egular Army unlLs and almosL on a par
wlLh some of Lhe men ln Lhe Afrlcan Army unlLs. 1hls
made Lhem a valuable commodlLy and ldeal for
spearheadlng assaulLs agalnsL less proflclenL forces.
WhaL Lhey lacked however, excepL for Lhe AssaulL
Cuards, were supporL and auLomaLlc weapons. 1o Lhls
end and parLlcularly ln Lhe rebel forces, regular
supporL unlLs were deLached from Lhelr own unlLs and
aLLached Lo supporL Lhe operaLlons of Lhese forces.

As boLh sldes seLLled down from Lhe lnlLlal flghLlng,
Lhe securlLy servlces were ofLen grouped lnLo ad hoc
formaLlons, elLher as almosL enLlre baLLallons of one
Lype, or mlxed unlLs conLalnlng men drawn from all of
Lhese servlces. As Lhls occurred, Lhe formaLlons
became more mlllLarlsed ln Lhe process, evenLually
loslng any lndlvldual ldenLlLy, oLher Lhan Lhelr unlL
LlLles. ln oLher cases, Lhere was sLlll a need for Lhelr
orlglnal funcLlons Lo be performed and as Lhe
respecLlve sldes organlzed, some of Lhese men were
wlLhdrawn from Lhe flghLlng formaLlons.

ln Lhe 8epubllcan areas, many former members of Lhe
dlsbanded army [olned Lhose unlLs formed from Lhe
securlLy servlces, Lo escape Lhe susplclon and/or
enmlLy Lowards Lhem LhaL was prevalenL wlLhln many
of Lhe Lrade unlon mlllLla unlLs. As a resulL Lhese unlLs
were ofLen Lhe sLrongesL ln Lerms of numbers and Lhe
mosL mlllLarlsed of Lhe 8epubllcan forces, ouLslde of
Lhose unlLs Lralned by Lhe 3
Lh
8eglmenL.

ln uecember 1936 Lhe !710:" &1 61270(&$& F%,10("0
(lnLernal SecurlLy Corps) was formed from members
of all Lhree servlces, buL Lhere were sLlll ldenLlflable
unlLs of securlLy personnel ln exlsLence ln Lhe llne,
where Lhey were rouLlnely used as 8aLallones de
Choque (Shock or Assault Battalions) to spearhead
advances, aLLacks and counLer-aLLacks. 8y Lhls polnL
Lhese forces had adopLed Lhe same organlsaLlon and
had obLalned all of Lhe usual supporL weapons of any
slmllar unlL, oLher Lhan Lhelr esprlL de corps, Lhey
were llLLle dlfferenL ln appearance Lo any oLher unlL.

ln Lhe naLlonallsL Zone Lhe role of Lhe AssaulL Cuards
became somewhaL redundanL as Lhe lalange was
heavlly lnvolved ln lnLernal securlLy and Lhe
paclflcaLlon of Lhe 8o[os (8eds) ln Lhe rear areas. AL
Lhe end of 1936, Ceneral lranco dlsbanded Lhose
unlLs whlch had survlved ln Lhe naLlonallsL Zone. lor
Lhe Cuardla Clvll and Carablneros, oLher Lhan some
lsolaLed lnsLances, lL was buslness as usual, aparL from
asslsLlng Lhe lalange ln Lhelr morally dublous
acLlvlLles.

1hls llsL can be used Lo organlse a plaLoon from any of
Lhe separaLe securlLy servlces beLween !uly 1936 and
around CcLober-november 1936, when Lhey elLher
became lndlsLlngulshable from mosL oLher unlLs, or
reLurned Lo Lhelr peaceLlme roles. An AssaulL Cuard
unlL ls able Lo draw on lLs own lnLegral supporL, whlle
Lhe Carablneros and Cuardla Clvll needed LhaL
supporL provlded Lo Lhem.

CuLslde of Lhose unlLs wholly composed of Lhese
forces, lL was common Lo flnd groups of men from Lhe
oLher servlces flghLlng alongslde Lhem, elLher as
addlLlonal secLlons, or even lndlvldual members or
squads belng lncorporaLed wlLhln unlLs whlch had
Laken losses.

ln Lhe naLlonallsL Zone, parLlcularly ln Lhe flrsL few
weeks of Lhe Clvll War, mlxed groups of Army of
Afrlca, lalange and SecurlLy personnel, were
dlspaLched Lo lndlvldual areas Lo rooL ouL 8epubllcan
sympaLhlsers, leadlng Lo clashes wlLh small groups of
mlllLla on occaslon. ln Lhe 8epubllcan Zone, Lhe
dlsLrusL of Lhe securlLy servlces ofLen led Lo mlxed
groups belng formed, by Lhe expedlenL of addlng a
mlllLla secLlon Lo a securlLy unlL. MuLual LrusL wlLhln
Lhese groups could only develop over Llme.

All of Lhese varlaLlons are posslble uslng Lhls llsL.

Page 60

"#$%&'&% ()*$+
1be followloq toles ote speclflc to cbolo of
commooJ.spooo. wbeoevet oo otmy llst tefets to
tbese toles tbey opply wltboot moJlflcotloo ooless
ooteJ lo tbot otmy llst.

,--./0123 4056783 9:8 -7(3 ":;;,(/
1he maln baLLallon supporL asseL was Lhe Machlne
Cun Company, whlch Lhe Spanlsh used as massed
baLLerles of auLomaLlc weapons, raLher Lhan dlvldlng
them up into penny packets. 1he machlne gun
barrage opLlon represenLs flre from Lhe Machlne Cun
Company ln supporL of Lhe lnfanLry of Lhe baLLallon.

1he company ls off-Lable and assumed Lo be
poslLloned on an area of hlgher ground glvlng lL an
elevaLed vlew of Lhe Lable (oddly comparable Lo LhaL
of the player when hes sat down). Effectively the
company ls on overwaLch and llke an on-Lable unlL, lLs
arc of fire from the players table edge is indicated by
placlng a dlrecLlon marker anywhere on LhaL Lable
edge. 1helr arc of flre ls 90
o
ln Lhe dlrecLlon lndlcaLed,
as for a normal unlL on overwaLch (Lardles Chaln of
Command markers work well here).

1he company wlll open flre on any enemy unlL LhaL
can be seen from LhaL polnL Lo a deslgnaLed cenLral
almlng polnL, wlLh no devlaLlon roll. 1here musL be a
clear llne of slghL from Lhe marker Lo Lhe LargeL area
LhaL ls noL obscured by lnLervenlng bulldlngs (buL noL
low feaLures such as walls or fences), woodland or
hllls eLc.

The area of effect for MG beaten zones is 10x10
wlLh Lhe almlng polnL aL Lhe cenLre. 1he usual cover
effecLs as for normal machlne gun flre apply, wlLh any
unlL ln Lhe LargeL area counLlng as aL effecLlve range.
AfLer Lhe flrsL barrage, fuLure avallablllLy ls
deLermlned as per barrage avallablllLy (10.3.3).

099(3""7<3
1roops raLed Aggresslve who recelve shock from flrlng
or combaL lgnore Lhe flrsL polnL recelved.
":;3(7,( =:87,( 230>3("
Superlor !unlor Leaders may use a Command ulce roll
of 3 or 4 Lo acLlvaLe, once acLlvaLed Lhey have Lwo
Command lnlLlaLlves. lf wounded or kllled Lhey are
LreaLed as a !unlor Leader.

-732> 9:8 10//3(?
@ABCDE @ABC@E @FBGH ,( HABG@
unless oLherwlse noLed ln Lhelr supporL llsL cholce,
arLlllery baLLerles conLaln four guns. A fleld gun
bombardment covers a square area 14 x 14, with
Lhe almlng polnL aL Lhe cenLre. Any guns LhaL deploy
on-Lable are consldered Lo have come from Lhe
dedlcaLed off-Lable baLLery Laken as a supporL
opLlon. use Lhe rules for Cff 1able lorward
CbservaLlon 1eams when flrlng.

lf one or Lwo guns are Laken on-Lable from a supporL
llsLs cholce, reduce the barrage area by 2 per gun
and Lhe supporL llsL cosL by one level per gun. Army
llsLs wlll lndlcaLe when Lhls can occur.

re-game barrages are presumed Lo be performed by
anoLher baLLery enLlrely.

,--./0123 -,(I0(> ,1"3(<0/7,8 /304"
A lorward Cbserver 1eam (lC1) for off-Lable unlLs,
made up of a Ioolot leoJet plus Lwo men, may always
end Lhelr move ln a 1acLlcal SLance when deployed
on-Lable..

1hey may always deploy on-Lable when acLlvaLed,
lgnorlng rule (4.3) lf a Senlor Leader ls noL avallable Lo
deploy Lhem, Lhls reflecLlng a prevlously esLabllshed
observaLlon posL, whlch ls connecLed by Lelephone Lo
Lhelr unlL. rovlded LhaL Lhey do noL move, Lhey can
reLaln LhaL llnk wlLhouL comlng ouL of Lhelr LacLlcal
sLance.

lf Lhey move from Lhelr C Lhen Lhey wlll have Lo use
vlsual slgnals (flags or a hellograph) Lo relay
lnformaLlon Lo Lhelr unlL. uolng Lhls denles Lhem Lhe
beneflLs of a LacLlcal sLance as lL exposes Lhelr
poslLlon.

lC1s acLlvaLe on Lhelr own Junior Leaders Command
ulce, however lC1s may be acLlvaLed by Lhe 5eolot
leoJet laLoon Commander for one command
lnlLlaLlve (as per 10.3), who ln addlLlon can also spoL
for Lhe lC1 lf he can see a LargeL ln dlrecL llne of slghL
LhaL Lhe lC1 cannoL. no oLher leader however may
spoL for Lhe lC1. lf a lC1 ls desLroyed Lhen no furLher
requesLs for lndlrecL flre may be made.

Cff-Lable baLLerles follow all Lhe normal rules of
SupporL Weapon llre once acLlvaLed (secLlon 10).

Page 61
4,2,/,< 5,5J/072
MoloLov CockLalls are Lhe same as eLrol 8ombs -
deLalls of whlch are shown on 1able Seven, Hand-Held
Anti-Tank Weapons. 1hey may be used once by any
5pooJ when commanded by Lhe 5eolot leoJet on-
Lable who ls commandlng Lhe plaLoon. A maxlmum of
Lwo such weapons may be selecLed per plaLoon. Pow
Lhe charge works ls deLalled ln SecLlon 9.3.4.

(08>,4 07( ":;;,(/
lf an end of 1oto occurs, aL Lhe beglnnlng of Lhe nexL
phase, before lL sLarLs, Lhe player who has 8andom Alr
SupporL nomlnaLes a LargeL polnL and rolls a dlce. lf
boLh have lL Lhen Lhe phaslng player goes flrsL. Cn a
score of 1 Lhe alrsLrlke hlLs Lhe wrong LargeL and your
opponenL may redlrecL Lhe aLLack onLo any of your
units within 12 of the target point and conduct the
aLLack as lf lL was hls own. lrom Lhe LargeL polnL each
LargeL along any line of a 12x4 beaten zone are
strafed with 2D6 8egular- LffecLlve 8ange firepower
attacks each. Roll on Table 5 to hit and Table 6 for
effect. Allocation of Shock and Loss effect is the same
as all normal rules. Alr aLLacks secure hlLs on a score
of 3 Lo 6.

50<02(?
lor each dlsmounLed cavalry squad ln your force you
roll 1d6 before Lhe aLrol hase beglns. Cn a score of
4,3,6 you galn one free aLrol hase move wlLh any of
your markers. 1hls ls ln addlLlon Lo any scenarlo
speclflc rules regards bonus paLrol moves, however, a
force may never have more Lhan slx free paLrol phase
moves. When deployed dlsmounLed Lroops are placed
on-Lable wlLhouL Lhelr horses. MounLed cavalry apply
Lhe followlng rules,
a) Cavalry may choose Lo deploy on-Lable
dlsmounLed wlLhouL Lhelr horses.
b) MounLlng or dlsmounLlng requlres one compleLe
normal Move acLlon - no shooLlng allowed.
c) ulsmounLlng Squads musL remove Lwo Cazadores
as horse holders (n/a lf deploylng dlsmounLed).
d) Cavalry move like infantry adding 2 per D6 used.
1hey may noL move LacLlcally lf mounLed!
e) When flred aL MounLed Lhey counL as Creen
(regardless of Lhelr acLual quallLy).
f) Cavalry may noL charge enemy lf Lhey would have
Lo move over an CbsLacle, Peavy Lerraln or enemy
LhaL ls enLrenched, ln bulldlngs or an Alv.
g) Cavalry are consldered Aggresslve. ln combaL,
Lhey roll 2u6 per man, 4u6 lf Lhey move 8 or
more ln a sLralghL llne over open ground. llghL
combaL as per 13.1.
close combot moJlflets, halve Lhe
SMC/LMC/MMC modlflers, buL Lrlple llghL/heavy
cover modlflers. ueLermlne 8esulLs as per 13.1.2.
h) lf movlng AL 1he uouble or afLer any Close
CombaL, each cavalry 1eam Lakes 2 Shock.
0><0853> 0(4,:( (:23
lL ls recommended LhaL Lhe Advanced Armour 8ule be
used. When dolng so, Lhe followlng rules apply,
Table Twelve/Thirteen replaces the exlsLlng
damage 1ables 1welve and 1hlrLeen ln CoC (p36).
SofLskln vehlcles sLlll use 1able lourLeen (p37).
Advanced 8ule 17 llrlng rocedure ls sLandard
le a flrer secures hlLs on fronLal armour on a roll of
4, 3 or 6. Cn Lhe slde armour wlLh rolls of 3 Lo 6
and 2 Lo 6 on Lhe rear armour.
Lach vehlcle ls classlfled wlLh an armour raLlng
and defenslve aspecL based on lLs lronL, llank or
8ear when lL recelves hlLs eg a 1-268 ls raLed
Armour 3 (l/l/l) whlch means lL defends wlLh 3
save dice and all unsaved hits against its front,
flank or rear will strike as if against Frontal
Armour ie 3 or 6.
/0123 /I32<3B/67(/338 K"5IL
/08J"E 0(4,:(3> 50("E /7M80,"
3N:02 67/" 08> "0<3"
1-2 no effecL
3 PalL and engage flrer ln nexL hase
4 MusL lmmedlaLely drlve flaL-ouL Lowards cover
3-6
1 Shock. 8everse 1u6 lmmedlaLely. Any lnfanLry ln
Lhe way are moved by Lhe conLrolllng player Lo avold
belng run down
,83 83/ 67/
1
1 Shock. urlver panlcs and may noL be acLlvaLed ln
Lhe nexL hase
2
1 Shock. Cunner/Commander panlcs and may noL be
acLlvaLed ln Lhe nexL hase
3
1 Shock. Commander panlcs and may noL be
4
1 Shock. Lnglne damage. 8reakdown lf unrellable,
oLherwlse now consldered so.
3
1 Shock. Weapon mechanlsm damage: -1 Lo hlL when
flrlng
6 2 Shock. 8everse 2u6 lmmedlaLely
/I, 83/ 67/"
1
2 Shock. urlver kllled. lL Lakes Lwo acLlvaLlons ln
subsequenL hases Lo allow anoLher crew member Lo
Lake over unless a Lwo-man vehlcle, whlch ls
lmmoblllsed, Lhe crew member abandonlng hls vehlcle.
2
2 Shock. 1u6 hlLs on crew and passengers as lf ln
open
3
2 Shock. Commander wounded. 8educe Command
level by 1. 1u6 hlLs on passengers as lf ln open
4
2 Shock. lmmoblllsed for game. assengers/Crew
dlsembark lmmedlaLely ln base Lo base conLacL wlLh
Lhe vehlcle
3
2 Shock. 1u6 on crew, 2u6 on assengers as lf ln
open. Pull or CLher MounLed MC ouL of acLlon for
game
6
3 Shock. Maln Cun(s) ouL of acLlon for resL of game.
8everse 2u6 lmmedlaLely. 1u6 hlLs on passengers as
lf ln open
/6(33 83/ 67/"
1-4 knocked CuL, 1u6 hlLs on passengers as lf ln Lhe open
3-6
Lxplodes, crew dead. 1u6 hlLs on any lnfanLry wlLhln
4. 2u6 hlLs on any passengers as lf ln open
Page 62
<367523 ";35702 (:23" . 022O
30"72? 50/563" -7(3
lf hlL on Lhe vehlcle fronL and you geL a neL 3 hlLs
resulL you add +1 Lo Lhe u6 roll Lo see lf lL explode.

-7(789 ;,(/"
1roops aboard a vehlcle flre Lhelr weapons lnLo a 90
arc. 1hey musL be glven Lhelr own order dlce Lo flre
(as a 1eam) as Lhey do noL belong Lo Lhe crew.

2,I ;(,-723
-1 enemy flre modlfler when LargeLed.

4,/,(5?523"
Motorcycles operate as wheeled vehicles but re-roll
any 1s rolled.

8, (0>7,"
no vehlcles may use radlo communlcaLlon (11.4).

"4022
-1 enemy flre modlfler when LargeLed.

"4022 -796/789 <367523 K"-<L
vehlcles use Lhe Small llghLlng vehlcle rule, p49.
vehlcles are acLlvaLed lndlvldually on a 1, or as a
group under a Ioolot leoJet on a 3 refer rule 11.1.2.

/7M80,"
CounLs as Wheeled, unrellable, Laslly CaLches llre
and no 8adlos.

/I, 408 5(3I K/45L
Any hlLs on Lhe gunner are on Lhe Commander. PlLs
on any oLher crew are on Lhe drlver. uue Lo Lhe
overburdened responslblllLles ln a one-man LurreL,
where a LurreL ls flLLed, Lhe vehlcle may noL move and
flre ln Lhe same phase lf Lhe LurreL weapon ls a Cun
Lype weapon (le noL a MC or flame weapon).

:8(3270123
8reakdown lf double 1 ls rolled when movlng normally
or when any double ls rolled when drlvlng flaL ouL.

/7M80," <367523" 0883P
K80/7,8027"/ ,( (3;:127508L
1be followloq ootes ooJ speclflc toles comptlse o
osefol oooex of tbe types of 1lzooos veblcles
(otmooteJ ttock) ovolloble os JesctlbeJ lo l.c. Albett's
cottos Je combote y veblcolos 8lloJoJos Je lo Coetto
19J6-19J9. Ceoetolly speokloq, oll 1lzooos veblcles
bove slmllot cbotoctetlstlcs lo otmoot ooJ
cooflqototloo.

1here are a number of speclflc rules perLalnlng Lo
1lznao vehlcles as follows,

All are wbeeleJ, uotelloble, oslly cotcb llte and
have No koJlos.
Armour 8aLlng along wlLh any speclal rules are
shown for each vehlcle.
1hey follow all rules for Armoured ersonal
Carrlers (11.2.1), havlng Lhelr own crew and
Laklng damage uslng 1able 1welve/1hlrLeen
CoC:Lspana.
When acLlvaLed by a Ioolot leoJet Lhe drlver
operaLes as normal.
When you wanL Lo flre Lhe lnLegral 1lznaos
weapons LreaL up Lo half Lhe weapons flrlng
(round down) as a Maln Cunner acLlvaLlon wlLh
Lhe player chooslng any comblnaLlon Lo flre as he
llkes.
When you wanL Lo flre more Lhan half of Lhe
lnLegral 1lznaos weapons Lhen you musL acLlvaLe
Lhe Secondary Cunner(s).
Any 1eam(s) onboard flres on Lhe vehlcle Ioolot
leoJet lnlLlaLlve ouL of Lhe flrlng porLs as normal.
Weapon arcs and conflguraLlon ls as shown for
each vehlcle along wlLh Lhe slze of Lhe Lruck.
1lznao armour lacks Lhe cerLlLude of mlllLary grade
producLlon. WhllsL Lhe Lhlckness of armour ls
generally know, Lhe quallLy of Lhe sLeel and
consLrucLlon are lesser-known varlables. 1herefore
1lzanos vehlcles are represenLed as of an overall
weaker consLrucLlon for Lhe same Lhlckness of mlllLary
grade armour.

When flrlng MCs agalnsL 1lznaos vehlcles use rule
(9.3.3). Small arms also use rule (9.3.3), buL always roll
Lwo armour save dlce.

Lach 1lznao may overload by adding up Lo 30 more
passengers Lhan LhaL shown ln Lhe LransporL capaclLy
of Lhe vehlcle, buL may only flre from Lhe deslgnaLed
number of flrlng porLs lnLo Lhe arcs shown as
descrlbed followlng Lhe rules on p.34 of Chaln of
Command. If overloaded add +2 per dlce when
deLermlnlng Lhe number of passenger hlLs on uamage
1able 1welve/1hlrLeen.
Page 63

"#$%&#'( )#&*+ ,- . "#$%&#'( )#&*+ ,- /

!"#$% Small armoured Lruck
&$'#()*% 4 LefL and 4 8lghL slde arc llrlng orLs
!+')*#(+,. 8 men
-+.(/+% 2 (8/S/S)
!"#$% Large armoured Lruck
&$'#()*% 8 LefL and 8 8lghL slde arc llrlng orLs, plus 1
forward faclng LMC
!+')*#(+,. 17 men
-+.(/+% 1 (S/S/S)
"#$%&#'( )#&*+ ,- 0 "#$%&#'( )#&*+ ,- 1

!"#$% Medlum armoured Lruck
LefL and 1 8lghL slde arc LMC
!+')*#(+,: 10 men
-+.(/+% 2 (S/S/8)
forward faclng LMC and 1 LefL and 8lghL slde arc LMCs
!+')*#(+,: 12 men
-+.(/+% 2 (S/S/8)
"#$%&#'( )#&*+ ,- 2 "#$%&#'( )#&*+ ,- 3

forward faclng llrlng orLs
!+')*#(+,. 10 men
-+.(/+% 1 (S/S/S)
forward faclng LMC
!+')*#(+,. 8 men
-+.(/+% 2 (S/S/8)
"#$%&#'( )#&*+ ,- 4 "#$%&#'( )#&*+ ,- 5

&$'#()*% 2 LefL and 2 8lghL slde arc LMCs
!+')*#(+,. 8 men
-+.(/+% 1 (S/S/S)
&$'#()*% 2 LefL and 2 8lghL slde arc LMCs
!+')*#(+,. nll
-+.(/+% 2 (l/l/S)
Page 64

"#$%&#'( )#&*+ ,- 6 "#$%&#'( )#&*+ ,- .2

&$'#()*% nll lf a Lroop carrler, else see opLlons
0#,1()*% May have a 2-man LMC Leam for an exLra one
SupporL LlsL cholce, or may have a 30mm morLar and a 3
man crew for an exLra four Army SupporL LlsL cholce.
!+')*#(+,. 12 (unless flLLed wlLh morLar)
-+.(/+% 2 (S/S/S)
3#$41'5 6/5$*% no llrlng orLs, open Lop
&$'#()*% 1 LefL and 8lghL slde arc LMCs, 2 LefL and 2
8lghL slde arc llrlng orLs, plus 1 forward faclng llrlng
orL
!+')*#(+,. 3 men
-+.(/+% 2 (S/S/8)

"#$%&#'( )#&*+ ,- .- "#$%&#'( )#&*+ ,- .4

&$'#()*% 3 LefL and 3 8lghL slde arc llrlng orLs, 1
forward faclng llrlng orL, plus 1 LurreL mounLed LMC
!+')*#(+,. 7 men
-+.(/+% 2 (S/S/S)
!+')*#(+,. 10 men
-+.(/+% 2 (S/S/S)
3#$41'5 6/5$*% Slow 1urreL (p.33)
"#$%&#'( )#&*+ ,- .. )#"*)%# %#&7" 89:,("(% )%8 ,- .

forward faclng LMC
!+')*#(+,. 6 men
-+.(/+% 2 (S/S/S)
!"#$% Small armoured LracLor
&$'#()*% 1 forward faclng LMC
!+')*#(+,. 3 men
3#$41'5 6/5$*% no llrlng orLs
-+.(/+% 2 (S/S/8)
"#$%&#'( )#&*+ ,- .0 ,";"9 <%$&" "#$%&#'( )#&*+

!+')*#(+,. 14 men
-+.(/+% 2 (S/S/S)
3#$41'5 6/5$*% Slow 1urreL (p.33)
LurreL mounLed LMC (someLlmes flLLed)
!+')*#(+,. 14 men
-+.(/+% 2 (S/S/S)

Page 65

$"<)'# "#<',"9 '=&:>$',) 9:<)
)",+<
;'?:*9' "#$%&# "@>@ ?@'@ <>''( ,%)'<
Cv 33/33 3 (l/S/S) 1wln MC Average Low roflle, Small, 1MC, Slv
Cv 33/33 Ll 3 (l/S/S) llame & MC Slow Low roflle, Pull MC, 1MC, Slv
z Mk l 3 (l/l/l) 1wln MC Average no Pull MC, 1MC, Slv
z Mk l Command 1ank 3 (l/l/l) MC Average Pull MC, 1MC, Slv
1rubla A-4 2 (l/l/8) MC Average Pull MC, unrellable
8enaulL l1 (MC) 3 (l/l/8) MC Slow no Pull MC, 1MC, unrellable
8enaulL l1 (37mm) 3 (l/l/8) 3 3 Slow no Pull MC, 1MC, unrellable
z Mk l wlLh 20mm 8reda 3 (l/l/l) 4 6 Average no Pull MC, 1MC, Slv
1-268 3 (l/l/l) 4 4 Average no Pull MC, laLer Lypes wlLh Lop mounLed MMC
81-3 3 (l/l/S) 4 4 lasL no Pull MC, laLer Lypes wlLh Lop mounLed MMC
Schnelder CA-1 1ank 2 (l/l/8) 6 6 & MC Slow
no 1urreL, Laslly CaLches llre, unrellable.
1 MC may flre lnLo lefL and rlghL slde arcs
"#$%&#'( ;'?:*9'<
;'?:*9' "#$%&# "@>@ ?@'@ <>''( ,%)'<
Lancla Ansaldo lZM 2 (l/l/S) 1wln MC & MC Wheeled 1wln MC ln LurreL, MC rear arc only
Camin Protegido Bilbao 2 (l/S/8) MC Wheeled 1lznao, 1ransporL 6 men
lA-l 1 (l/l/l) MC Wheeled no Pull MC, Small, 1MC, Slv
unL-33 2 (l/S/S) MC Wheeled Pull MC, Small, Slv
Plspano-Sulza MC36 (MC) 2 (l/l/S) MC Wheeled no Pull MC
Plspano-Sulza MC36 (Cun) 2 (l/l/S) 4 4 Wheeled no Pull MC
8A-3/6 3 (l/S/S) 4 4 Wheeled Pull MC, laLer Lypes wlLh Lop mounLed MMC
M37 2 (l/l/S) 3 3 Wheeled Pull MC, laLer Lypes wlLh Lop mounLed MMC
1lznaos vehlcles 8efer Lo Lhe speclflc noLes ln Lhe 1lznao annex
",): )",+ 7&,< A :,B",)#C 7&,<
7&, "@>@ ?@'@ ,%)'<
2cm llak 30 AA gun 4 6 AuLo-Cannon, no Cun Shleld
20mm SLMAC AA gun 4 6 AuLo-Cannon, no Cun shleld
20/63 AA gun 4 6 AuLo-Cannon, no Cun shleld
3.7cm ak 33/36 A/1 gun 3 3 Cun Shleld
Cannone da 37/43 A/1 gun 3 3 Cun Shleld
37/43 A/1 gun 3 3 Cun Shleld
43/44 A/1 gun 4 4 Cun Shleld
Cannone da 47/32 A/1 gun 3 4 no Cun Shleld
65/17 Turin Infantry Gun 4 3 Cun Shleld
70/16 lnfanLry Cun 3 3 Cun Shleld
75/28 Schneider Field Gun 6 6 Cun Shleld
Cannone da 73/27 lleld Cun 6 6 Cun Shleld
76.2mm uLllov M02 lleld Cun 6 6 Cun Shleld
88mm llak 18 AA gun 10 7 no Cun Shleld, Superlor CunslghLs
103mm lleld Cun 7 7 Cun Shleld
:,B",)#C D'">%,<
D'">%, B:#'>%D'# *9%<' 'BB'*):;' ,%)'<
8olL AcLlon 8lfle 1 0-18 18+
AuLomaLlc or Machlne 8lfle 3 0-18 18+
8e-roll any 1s.
!ams on a double slx (for Lhls phase only).
Magazlne LMC 6 0-18 18+ Lose 2 llrepower lf crew of 1
SMC or Machlne lsLol 4/2 0-6 6-12 llrepower ls range dependenL
1rlpod MounL LMC 7 0-24 24+ Lose 3 llrepower lf crew of 1
1rlpod MounL MMC 8 0-24 24+ Lose 3 llrepower lf crew of 1
lsLol 1 0-9 -
Snlper 1 unllmlLed - See snlper rules secLlon 9.3
Crenade 2 open, 3 closed 4-11 - 8oll for hlLs as lf LargeL ln Lhe open
v-8 Launcher 2 - 18-60 8oll for hlLs as lf LargeL ln Lhe open
Megaphone 6 0-6 6-12 n/a vs AfrlcanlsLa
lnfanLry llameLhrower 12 0-12 - All cover lgnored. Shock x2
30mm morLar 2 wlLh LCS no LCS
8educe cover by one level unless LargeL has
overhead cover
60mm mLr, MC, 70/16, 63/17 3
- unllmlLed
ulce for hlLs on all 1eams wlLhln Lhe barrage
area. All unlLs lnned.
81mm morLar,
73/28, 73/27 & 76.2mm M02
4
;'?:*9' D'">%,<
D'">%, B:#'>%D'# *9%<' 'BB'*):;' ,%)'<
lnLernal vehlcle MC 6 0-18 18+
1wln MC 8 0-18 18+
1op MounLed MMC 10 0-24 24+ 8educe cover by one level
20mm Cannon 6 0-24 24+ 8educe cover by one level
llameLhrower 12 0-18 - All cover lgnored. Shock x2
Page 66
!""#$%&'"(
!" $%& &'()* +$',&+ -. $%& /01 2'"* 23)3$3' 4-)52"+
6&(& 2'7& 58 -. 6%'$ '2-5"$&7 6& 6-5)7 $&(2
$-7'* 3((&,5)'( forces9 :%&+& $(--8+ 6&(& "-$
23)3$'(3+&7 ;5$ .-5,%$ 63$% $%& 2-$3<'$3-"+ 5"3=5& $-
$%&3( 37&')+ '"7 &>8&(3&"4&9 :%&+& (5)&+ '$$&28$ $-
8-($('* $%&+& .'4$-(+ (&+5)$3", 3" ' =53$& 73..&(&"$
take on handling militia forces to more accurately
2-7&) $%&3( ;'$$)&.3&)7 8+*4%-)-,*9 :%3+ +&4$3-" 3+
&"$3(&)* -8$3-"')9 ?)'*&(+ 2'* 5+& $%& &>3+$3", (5)&+
5"4%'",&7 @&&83", $('4@ -. +%-4@ '+ 5+5')A %-6&<&(
$%&+& 4-"4&8$+ ;(3", ' "&6 732&"+3-" $- 0%'3" -.
0-22'"79 :%& .-))-63", (5)&+ 8&($'3" +8&43.34'))* $-
Peoples Militia '"7 !"#"$%& -")*9

!"#$% '( !'))#%* +$,-
A player may use a Chaln of Command dlce Lo
counter an End of Turn dice by Lhe play of hls own.

.%$/ 0$1-
lrregular warrlors are consldered Lo be of a cerLaln
slze. 1hls effecLs Lhe ouLcome from Lhe effecLs of flre
and Lo a cerLaln degree combaL. unlLs are elLher Small
(1-6), Medlum (7-13 men) or Large (16-20 men).

2'/$3#/$'%
eoples Militia reacL Lo baLLlefleld envlronmenLs
based on Lhelr currenL moLlvaLlon. LvenLs produce
good or bad ouLcomes LhaL affecL Lhe currenL
moLlvaLlon of an lrregular force. 1hese evenLs are
slmllar Lo Lhose llsLed on Lhe lorce Morale Lable. 1hey
are, a 1eam/SecLlon wlped ouL or broken, a Leader
kllled/rouLed from Lable or a loss of supporL.
MoLlvaLlon lncreases or decreases lf enemy force
morale suffers a loss from one of Lhe above slLuaLlons.
Some speclflc scenarlo evenLs or ob[ecLlves may also
be causes of changlng moLlvaLlon.

MoLlvaLlon (Lhree levels) ls kepL Lrack of by uslng
sulLably colored markers or a 6-slded cube sulLably
marked. MoLlvaLlon ls neuLral unLll a cause elLher
lncreases or decreases moLlvaLlon, belng Lracked as
descrlbed. 1he Lhree levels of good and bad
moLlvaLlon are, (bad) relucLanL, unmoLlvaLed,
waverlng, or (good) commlLLed, moLlvaLed, hlghly
moLlvaLed.

4$5$%6
Peoples Militia (&'4$ 73..&(&"$)* $- $%& &..&4$+ -. .3(&9
:%&* 2'* +%(5, -.. ' 7&'7)* .5+3)'7& -( ;& ;'7)*
'..&4$&7 ;* )&++ $%'" &..&4$3<& +%--$3",9

1he normal use of Lracklng Shock ln Chaln of
Command ls noL used. Whenever a Peoples Militia
unlL recelves shock and/or losses from flre lL rolls on
Lhe followlng Lable Lo deLermlne an lmmedlaLe
ouLcomeno shock is recorded, buL losses are
removed before deLermlnlng unlL slze ln Lhe LesL.

When a Peoples Militia unlL suffers 2 (small), 4
(medlum) or 6 (large) shock and/or losses from flrlng
(counLlng each klll as Lwo shock for Lhe purposes of
LesLlng), cross reference Lhe plaLoon Command ulce
raLlng wlLh Lhe slze of Lhe unlL Laklng Lhe hlLs.

()*+,-&.
= unlL suffers no effecL.
= unlL ls lnned. lace a pln marker as per 14.3
8 = unlL ls 8roken. lace a pln marker and
reLreaL move as per 14.6.

B>'28)&9 !. ' 2&7352 +3C& D&,5)'( 5"3$ +5..&(&7 E
+%-4@ '"7 F @3))&7 .3,5(& .(-2 .3(& 3$ 6-5)7 %'<& $- $&+$
-" $%& .3(3", -5$4-2& $';)& G'+ 3$ %'+ (&4&3<&7
effectively 4 shock). If its force was motivated at the
$32& '"7 (-))&7 ' E GEHFIJK $%&" 3$ 6-5)7 ;&
4-"+37&(&7 ?3""&7 5"$3) ' )&'7&( 4-5)7 +544&++.5))*
('))* $%&29

!')7#/
Peoples Militia LhaL are currenLly aL a hlgh moLlvaLlon
level are consldered Aggresslve, however unlLs LhaL
are Waverlng suffer a -23 reducLlon ln combaL dlce
(as shown on Lhe playsheeL). 1he lnsLanL elLher of
Lhese condlLlons no longer exlsLs Lhe unlL wlll reverL
Lo Lype. noLe, Lhe shock recelved as a resulL of a
combaL may cause a LesL on Lhe Peoples Militia Lable
above.

8-#*-59
An aLLached leader can rally unlLs from one morale
condlLlon Lo anoLher. Pe does so by uslng 1 or more
lnlLlaLlve polnLs when acLlvaLed and rolllng 1u6 (all aL
once). Cn a score of 6 Lhe morale of a unlL lncreases le
from 8roken Lo lnned, or lnned Lo no LffecL (lL ls
posslble for Lo go from broken Lo no effecL ln one
phase). noLe dlsregard all rules for belng plnned
unLll Lhe end of a Lurn (p9), as lrregular wax and wane
ln Lhelr sLaLe of morale wlLh only Lhelr currenL
moLlvaLlons accounLed for by Lhe roll of Lhe dlce.

:%* '( ;<5%
When an end of Lurn occurs for any reason moLlvaLlon
reLurns Lo neuLral as passlons subslde or courage
levels lncrease.
!""#$%&'" *!"# '+, -./0'1 #**#-1
"##$%& '()** +$,-.( /)01$
!"# %&'( )&*+ , %( '&#+ *&, %( '&)+ #&,
!"* -. , %&'( )&#+ *&, %( '&)+ #&, %( '+ )&,
!" $%&'()*+, !- .*/01)&%1'2, !- 3)**'2
4" 5)+567 /01)&%1'2, 4- /01)&%1'28
Page 67
!"##$%& ()*!) $+, %"- $!-*.$-*"%/
Fally 1 Shock from Team In command range not In LDS
of enemy
Fally 1 Shock from Team he Is attached to If In LDS of
enemy
Cet a UnIt whIch Is not TactIcal or on Dverwatch to
throw a single hand- grenade, fire a single rifle
grenade or use a sIngle SectIon or Squad anti-tank
weapon
Dnce per Phase for 1 Command nItIatIve a Leader may
move on hIs own If not moved wIth a UnIt already
JL 1 Command nItIatIve to transfer 1 man from 1 Team
to another If both Teams are 4 of him and under his
command

0%*- $!-*.$-*"%/
ActIvate a Team or SectIon. f they are fIrIng he may add hIs own fIre at no cost In Command nItIatIve
ActIvate a sIngle Team and place It on Dverwatch
ActIvate one weapons Team, SectIon or Squad to put down CoverIng FIre Into an area of terraIn

1*+*%2
"# $%& '())* +),-./( 0.%&)
Close J6 46 56
EffectIve 46 56 6
1 per two Shock
011)2& 3%44 56#27 8%..
Dpen 1, 2 J, 4 5, 6
LIght 1, 2, J 4, 5 6
Hard 1, 2, J, 4 5 6
")((/%* 011)2&4
8roken Cround: No 0oublIng
Heavy CoIng: No 0oublIng. 1 pIp
Feally Heavy: No 0oublIng. 2 pIps
Dbstacles: Normal |ovement. 106

/3,!*$4 ,11,!-/
One 6s: Pass nItIatIve
Two 6s: FetaIn next TactIcal Phase
Three 6s: End Turn. FetaIn next TactIcal Phase
!"#$+ 6s: End Turn. FetaIn next TactIcal Phase.
CaIn ChaIn of Command 0Ice.
Fandom Event.
!4"/, !"#5$-
Leader nItIatIve: +106
QualIty Advantage: +206
Enemy movement: +106 each
Shock, 2 poInts: 106
AggressIve Troops: +106 per J
S|Cs: +206
L|C, each: +406
||C/H|C: +6 06
0efend LIght cover: +106 for J
0efend Heavy Cover: +106 per 2
WaverIng (rregulars) 25
HIt In Fear: 50
PInned: 50
%& ()**+ ,& ()** - ./"01
9:3;<+0 8=>>5?
2$345 FIght agaIn, three rounds
67 85 8ack 6
67 95 Back 9 ;+2 Shock
67 :5 8ack 12 ;+2 Shock
67 ;5 Back 18 ;0ouble Shock

/,!-*"% "+ -,$# $!-*"%/
<30=)03* >"?@A@B=5 No |ove or 106 Inches and
take cover.
C"$A3* >"?@ D !)$@5 |ove 106 Inches and fIre at
half effect.
C"$A3* >"?@A@B=5 |ove 206 Inches but no fIrIng
allowed.
E= =/@ 2"#F*@5 |ove J06 but each Team wIll take
one poInt of Shock per Team to reflect dIsorder.
!)$@5 FIre at full effect and remaIn statIonary

!"##$%& +$-*%2/
+/*7 =*%&%/&%@) +/*,)
JunIor Leader 2 6
SuperIor JunIor Ldr 2 6
SenIor Leader J 9
FankIng Leader 4 12
!"##$%& &*!,
+#.. 011)2&
1 ActIvate one FIre Team
2 ActIvate one SectIon
J ActIvate one JunIor or SuperIor JunIor Ldr
4 ActIvate one SenIor or SuperIor JunIor Ldr
5 Add one to CoC 0Ice tally
6 SpecIal Effect

*++,204$+ 1*+, $%& !"#5$- ,11,!-
011)2& 5A/.. 3)B%-A >/(,)
C04 128 J5P 6 18 24P 56 18 2JP 46
C05 or 6 128 J4P 56 18 2JP 46 18 2P J6
2 wcverny, 1 unmotvcted, 1 pnned
+2 hyhly motvcted, +1 motvcted.

!"#$% '( !'))#%*+,-.#%#
= no effecL
= lnned
8= 8roken
!)$*% "1 !"##$%& &*!,
nterrupt an enemy wIth an
unpInned Squad/Team and
FIre or |ove
Ambush wIth a Team
|ove a jumpoff point >18
(<6 behind friends)
Felocate a SnIper
Keep a |ortar 8arrage FIrIng
AvoId a Force |orale test
End (or contInue) a Turn

1"+!, #"+$4, 6 7*++,204$+ #"-*.$-*"%
8
5)&C/27
D#
)11)2&
EF
G#%*&
EH
G#%*&4
EI
G#%*&4
Team wIped out

12 J45 6
SectIon wIped out

12J 456
Team 8reaks (offtable
)

1 2J45 6
SectIon 8reaks (offtable
)

12 J456
JunIor Leader wounded 12 J45 6
JunIor Leader kIlled

12J 456
JunIor Leader Fouts from table

12 J456
SenIor Leader wounded 12J4 56
SenIor Leader kIlled

1 2J45 6
SenIor Leader Fouts from table

12J4 56
Loss of support

12J 456
Loss of JumpDff poInt 12J 456
>"$3*@ G@?@* HII@0=
5+ Act as desIred
4 Command 0Ice reduced by one
J Command 0Ice reduced by two
2
Command 0Ice reduced by two.
Femove one JumpDff PoInt of your opponents
choosIng (dont roll for the loss of this jumpoff poInt)
1 Command 0Ice reduced by three
0 Fout or Surrender
-$%9/: $+#"0+,& !$+/: -*;%$"/
,<0$4 )*-/ $%& /$.,/
1-2 no effecL
3 PalL and engage flrer ln nexL hase
4 MusL lmmedlaLely drlve flaL-ouL Lowards cover
3-6
1 SPCCk. 8everse 1u6 lmmedlaLely. Any lnfanLry ln Lhe way
are moved by Lhe conLrolllng player Lo avold belng run down
"%, %,- )*-
1
1 SPCCk. urlver panlcs and may noL be acLlvaLed ln Lhe nexL
hase
2
1 SPCCk. Cunner/Commander panlcs and may noL be
3
1 SPCCk. Commander panlcs and may noL be acLlvaLed ln Lhe
nexL hase
4
1 SPCCk. Lnglne damage. 8reakdown lf unrellable,
oLherwlse now consldered so.
3 1 SPCCk. Weapon mechanlsm damage: -1 Lo hlL when flrlng
6 2 SPCCk. 8everse 2u6 lmmedlaLely
-(" %,- )*-/
1
2 SPCCk. urlver kllled. lL Lakes Lwo acLlvaLlons ln subsequenL
hases Lo allow anoLher crew member Lo Lake over unless a
Lwo-man vehlcle, whlch ls lmmoblllsed, Lhe remalnlng crew
member abandonlng hls vehlcle.
2 2 SPCCk. 1u6 hlLs on crew and passengers as lf ln open
3
2 SPCCk. Commander wounded. 8educe Command level by
1. 1u6 hlLs on passengers as lf ln open
4
2 SPCCk. lmmoblllsed for game. assengers/Crew dlsembark
lmmedlaLely ln base Lo base conLacL wlLh Lhe vehlcle
3
2 SPCCk. 1u6 on crew, 2u6 on assengers as lf ln open. Pull
or CLher MounLed MC ouL of acLlon for game
6
3 SPCCk. Maln Cun(s) ouL of acLlon for resL of game. 8everse
2u6 lmmedlaLely. 1u6 hlLs on passengers as lf ln open
-)+,, %,- )*-/
3-6
Lxplodes, crew dead. 1D6 hits on any infantry within 4. 2u6
hlLs on any passengers as lf ln open
/"1- /9*% .,)*!4,/
,<0$4 )*-/ $%& /$.,/
1-2 no effecL
3-4
8everse 2u6 lmmedlaLely. Any lnfanLry ln Lhe way are
moved by Lhe conLrolllng player Lo avold belng run down
3
urlver panlcs. MusL lmmedlaLely drlve forward aL flaL-ouL
speed
6 Any passengers musL deploy now
"%, %,- )*-
1-2 no effecL
3-4
8everse 2u6 lmmedlaLely. Any lnfanLry ln Lhe way are
moved by Lhe conLrolllng player Lo avold belng run down
3
urlver panlcs. MusL lmmedlaLely drlve forward aL flaL-ouL
speed
6 Any passengers musL deploy now
-(" %,- )*-/
3-6
Lxplodes, crew dead. 1u6 hlLs on any lnfanLry wlLhln
4. 2u6 hlLs on any passengers as lf ln open
-), -0+% ,%&
All smoke other than that from a fIre Is removed
from the table
All TactIcal and Dverwatch markers are removed
Any JumpDff PoInts whIch have been captured are
removed
Any mortar barrages wIll now cease
Any PInned UnIts wIll check theIr level of Shock to
see If they remaIn PInned
Any unrallIed 8roken UnIt and Leader wIll Fout
from the table
Test Force |orale for any Fouted Leaders
rregular |otIvatIon level returns to neutral

Spanish Civil War For Chain of Command Wargame Rules

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Spanish Civil War For Chain of Command Wargame Rules

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