Pages Chapter 2.

1 Redox chemistry At the

start
I have
studied..
I have
revised
146-147
I can demonstrate an understanding of the terms
oxidation number, redox, half-reactions and
use these to interpret reactions involving
electron transfer (5.3.1a)
1 2 1 2 1 2
146-147
I can relate changes in oxidation number to
reaction stoichiometr! (5.3.1)
1 2 1 2 1 2
1"-1"#
I can recall the de$nition of standard electrode
potential and standard h!drogen electrode and
understand the need for a reference electrode
(5.3.1c)
1 2 1 2 1 2
1"%-162
I can set up some simple cells and calculate
values of E
cell
from standard electrode potential
values and use them to predict the
thermod!namic feasibilit! and extent of reactions
(5.3.1d)
1 2 1 2 1 2
1"%-162
I can demonstrate an understanding that E
cell
is
directl! proportional to the total entrop! change
and to lnK for a reaction (5.3.1e)
1 2 1 2 1 2
1"%-162
I can demonstrate an understanding of &h! the
predictions in "''1d ma! not be borne out in
practice due to (inetic e)ects and non-standard
conditions (5.3.1!)
1 2 1 2 1 2
17"-177
I can carr! out and evaluate the results of an
experiment involving the use of standard
electrode potentials to predict the feasibilit! of a
reaction, eg interchange of the oxidation states
of vanadium or manganese (5.3.1g)
1 2 1 2 1 2
14#-14%
1"*-1"2
I can demonstrate an understanding of the
procedures of the redox titrations belo& +i and ii,
and carr! out a redox titration &ith one-
i, potassium manganate+.II,, eg the estimation of
iron in iron tablets
ii, sodium thiosulfate and iodine, eg estimation of
percentage of copper in an allo! (5.3.1h)
1 2 1 2 1 2
16-16"
I can discuss the use of h!drogen and alcohol
fuel cells as energ! sources, including the source
of the h!drogen and alcohol, eg used in space
exploration, in electric cars (5.3.1")
1 2 1 2 1 2
166-167
I can demonstrate an understanding of the
principles of modern breathal!sers based on an
ethanol fuel cell and compare this to methods
based on the use of I/ and to the reduction of
chromium compounds (5.3.1#)
1 2 1 2 1 2
Page 1 of 6

Edexcel A2 Chemistry
Target sheets Unit 5
Pages Chapter 2.2 $ra%sitio% meta&s a%d their
chemistry
At the
start
I have
studied..
I have
revised
16#-17*
I can describe transition metals as those
elements &hich form one or more stable ions
&hich have incompletel! $lled d orbitals
(5.3.2a)
1 2 1 2 1 2
16#-17*
I can derive the electronic con$guration of the
atoms of the d- bloc( elements +0c to 1n, and
their simple ions from their atomic number
(5.3.2)
1 2 1 2 1 2
16#-17*
I can discuss the evidence for the electronic
con$gurations of the elements 0c to 1n based on
successive ioni2ation energies (5.3.2c)
1 2 1 2 1 2
171-174
17"-177
I can recall that transition elements in general-
i, sho& variable oxidation number in their
compounds, eg redox reactions of vanadium
ii, form coloured ions in solution
iii, form complex ions involving monodentate and
bidentate ligands
iv, can act as catal!sts both as the elements and
as their compounds (5.3.2d)
1 2 1 2 1 2
17#-17%
1#*-1#1
I can recall the shapes of complex ions limited to
linear 34u4l
2
5
-
, planar 36t+78

,
2
4l
2
5, tetrahedral
34r4l
4
5
-
and octahedral 34r+78

,
6
5
9
, 34u+8
2
:,
6
5
29

and other a;ua complexes (5.3.2e)
1 2 1 2 1 2
17"-177
17#-17%
1#*-1#1
1#2-1#
I can use the chemistries of chromium and
copper to illustrate and explain some properties
of transition metals as follo&s-
i, the formation of a range of compounds in
&hich the! are present in di)erent oxidation
states
ii, the presence of dative covalent bonding in
complex ions, including the a;ua-ions
iii, the colour or lac( of colour of a;ueous ions
and other complex ions, resulting from the
splitting of the energ! levels of the d orbitals b!
ligands
iv, simple ligand exchange reactions
v, relate relative stabilit! of complex ions to the
entrop! changes of ligand exchange reactions
involving pol!dentate ligands +;ualitativel! onl!,,
eg <=>?
vi, relate disproportionation reactions to standard
electrode potentials and hence to E
cell


(5.3.2!)
1 2 1 2 1 2
17#-17%
1#*-1#1
1#4-1#"
I can carr! out experiments to-
i, investigate ligand exchange in copper
complexes
ii, stud! the redox chemistr! of chromium in
oxidation states 4r+.I,, 4r+III, and 4r+II,
iii, prepare a sample of a complex, eg
1 2 1 2 1 2
Page 2 of 6
chromium+II, ethanoate (5.3.2g)
1#%-1%*
I can recall that transition metals and their
compounds are important as catal!sts and that
their activit! ma! be associated &ith variable
oxidation states of the elements or surface
activit!, eg catal!tic converters in car exhausts
(5.3.2h)
1 2 1 2 1 2
1#%-1%* I can explain &h! the development of ne&
catal!sts is a priorit! area for chemical research
toda! and, in this context, explain ho& the
scienti$c communit! reports and validates ne&
discoveries and explanations, eg the
development of ne& catal!sts for ma(ing
ethanoic acid from methanol and carbon
monoxide &ith a high atom econom! +green
chemistr!, (5.3.2i)
1 2 1 2 1 2
1#6-1##
I can carr! out and interpret the reactions of
transition metal ions &ith a;ueous sodium
h!droxide and a;ueous ammonia, both in excess,
limited to reactions &ith a;ueous solutions of
4r+III,, @n+II,, Ae+II,, Ae+III,, 7i+II,, 4u+II,, 1n+II,
(5.3.2")
1 2 1 2 1 2
1#6-1##
I can &rite ionic e;uations to sho& the di)erence
bet&een amphoteric behaviour and ligand
exchange in the reactions in "''2g (5.3.2#)
1 2 1 2 1 2
1%1-1%2 I can discuss the uses of transition metals andBor
their compounds, eg in pol!chromic sun glasses,
chemotherap! drugs (5.3.2&)
1 2 1 2 1 2
Pages Chapter 2.3 'rga%ic chemistry( are%es At the
start
I have
studied..
I have
revised
1%-1%7
I can use thermochemical, x-ra! di)raction and
infrared data as evidence for the structure and
stabilit! of the ben2ene ring
Students may represent the structure of
benzene as
or
as appropriate in e;uations and
mechanisms (5.).1a)
1 2 1 2 1 2
1%#-2*"
I can describe the follo&ing reactions of ben2ene,
limited to-
i, combustion to form a smo(! Came
treatment &ith-
ii, bromine
iii, concentrated nitric and sulfuric acids
iv, fuming sulfuric acid
v, halogenoal(anes and ac!l chlorides &ith
aluminium chloride as catal!st +Ariedel-4rafts
1 2 1 2 1 2
Page 3 of 6
reaction,
vi, addition reactions &ith h!drogen (5.).1)
1%#-2*"
I can carr! out the reactions in "'4'1b &here
appropriate +using meth!lben2ene or
methox!ben2ene, (5.).1d)
1 2 1 2 1 2
2*6-2*7
I can carr! out the reaction of phenol &ith
bromine &ater and dilute nitric acid and use
these results to illustrate the activation of the
ben2ene ring (5.).1e)
1 2 1 2 1 2
Pages Chapter 2.) 'rga%ic %itroge% compou%ds(
ami%es* amides* ami%o acids a%d protei%s
At the
start
I have
studied..
I have
revised
2*#-212
224-226
I can give examples of-
i, molecules that contain amine and amide
functional groups
ii, amino acids (5.).2a)
1 2 1 2 1 2
2*#-212
21-21"
I can describe and carr! out, &here appropriate
+using but!lamine and phen!lamine,, reactions to
investigate the t!pical behaviour of primar!
amines' >his &ill be limited to-
i, characteristic smell
ii, miscibilit! &ith &ater as a result of h!drogen
bonding and the al(aline nature of the resulting
solution
iii, formation of salts
iv, complex ion formation &ith copper+II, ions
v, treatment &ith ethano!l chloride and
halogenoal(anes, eg ma(ing paracetamol
(5.).2)
1 2 1 2 1 2
2*#-212
I can describe the reduction of aromatic nitro-
compounds using tin and concentrated
h!drochloric acid to form amines (5.).2c)
1 2 1 2 1 2
216-21#
I can describe and carr! out, &here appropriate,
the reaction of aromatic amines &ith nitrous acid
to form ben2enedia2onium ions follo&ed b! a
coupling reaction &ith phenol to form a d!e
(5.).2d)
1 2 1 2 1 2
21%-22
I can recall the s!nthesis of amides using ac!l
chlorides (5.).2e)
1 2 1 2 1 2
21%-22
I can describe-
i, condensation pol!meri2ation for the formation
of pol!esters such as ter!lene and pol!amides
such as n!lon and Devlar
ii, addition pol!meri2ation including
pol!+propenamide, and pol!+ethenol, (5.).2!)
1 2 1 2 1 2
21%-22
I can dra& the structural formulae of the repeat
units of the pol!mers in "'4'2f (5.).2g)
1 2 1 2 1 2
Page 4 of 6
21%-22
I can comment on the ph!sical properties of
pol!amides and the solubilit! in &ater of the
addition pol!mer pol!+ethenol, in terms of
h!drogen bonding, eg soluble laundr! bags or
li;uid detergent capsules +li;uitabs, (5.).2h)
1 2 1 2 1 2
224-226
227-2*
21-2
I can describe and carr! out, &here appropriate,
experiments to investigate the characteristic
behaviour of amino acids' >his is limited to-
i, acidit! and basicit! and the formation of
2&itterions
ii, separation and identi$cation b!
chromatograph!
iii, e)ect of a;ueous solutions on plane-polarised
monochromatic light
iv, formation of peptide groups in proteins b!
condensation pol!meri2ation
v, reaction &ith ninh!drin (5.).2i)
1 2 1 2 1 2
Pages Chapter 2.5 'rga%ic sy%thesis At the
start
I have
studied..
I have
revised
24-27
I can give examples to illustrate the importance
of organic s!nthesis in research for the
production of useful products (5.).3a)
1 2 1 2 1 2
2#-241
I can explain &h! sensitive methods of chemical
anal!sis are important &hen planning and
monitoring organic s!ntheses (5.).3)
1 2 1 2 1 2
2#-241
I can deduce the empirical formulae, molecular
formulae and structural formulae from data
dra&n from combustion anal!sis, elemental
percentage composition, characteristic reactions
of functional groups, infrared spectra, mass
spectra and nuclear magnetic resonance
(5.).3c)
1 2 1 2 1 2
242-244
24"-247
24#-24%
2"*-2"2
I can use (no&ledge of organic chemistr!
contained in this speci$cations to solve problems
such as-
i, predicting the properties of unfamiliar
compounds containing one or more of the
functional groups included in the speci$cation,
and explain these predictions
ii, planning reaction schemes of up to four steps,
recalling familiar reactions and using unfamiliar
reactions given suEcient information
iii, selecting suitable practical procedures for
carr!ing out reactions involving compounds &ith
functional groups included in the speci$cation
iv, identif!ing appropriate control measures to
reduce ris( during a s!nthesis based upon data
of ha2ards
v, understanding &h!, in the s!nthesis of stereo-
speci$c drugs, it is important to understand the
1 2 1 2 1 2
Page 5 of 6
mechanism of the reaction and ho& this can help
to plan the s!nthesis (5.).3d)
2"-2""
I can explain &h! the pharmaceutical industr!
has adopted combinatorial chemistr! in drug
research, including passing reactants over
reagents on pol!mer supports (5.).3e)
1 2 1 2 1 2
Page 6 of 6
Pearson Education Ltd 2009 Edexcel A2 Chemistry ActiveBook