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ebay

Yashwantrao Chavan Maharashtra
Open University S.Y.B.C.A




By,
Prerak Chetan Dedhia
PRN: P201302437
Rahul Sameer Shah
PRN: P201302442

CERTIFICATE

This is to certify that the research work entitled, ebay Is an original
work carried out By Mr. Prerak Chetan Dedhia & Mr. Rahul Sameer
Shah. Under Study Center guidance. Further, it is certified that this
work has not been submitted for the awarded of any other degree or
diploma of this university or any other university either in part or in
full.




Coordinator of Study Center Examination Controller


Place: Thane
Date: Study Center Seal



Acknowledgement
We take this opportunity to express our profound gratitude and
deep regards to our PRINCIPAL, RAJENDRA KALE for
their exemplary guidance, monitoring and constant
encouragement throughout the course of this thesis. The
blessing, help and guidance given by them time to time shall carry
us a long way in the journey of life on which we are about to
embark.
We also take this opportunity to express a deep sense of
gratitude to SANDESH KARADE SIR & UJWALA
CHAUDHARI MISS, for their cordial support, valuable
information and guidance, which helped us in completing this task
through various stages.
We are obliged to staff members of CROWN COMPUTERS,
for the valuable information provided by them in their respective
fields. We are grateful for their cooperation during the period of
my assignment.
Lastly, we thank almighty, our family and friends for their constant
encouragement without which this assignment would not be
possible.
INDEX
Introduction.
History.
Logo.
Item.
Bidding.
Shipping.
Profit & transactions.
Acquisitions.

Use of economic.
Controversy and criticism.
Bibliography.
Introduction
EBay Inc. is an American multinational internet
consumer-to-consumer corporation, headquartered
in San Jose, California. It was founded in 1995; it is
now a multi-billion
dollar business with
operations localized
in over thirty
countries. The
company manages
eBay.com, an online
auction and
shopping website in
which people and
businesses buy and
sell a broad variety of goods and services worldwide.
In addition to its auction-style sellings, the website
has since expanded to include "Buy It Now" standard
shopping; online classified advertisements; online
event ticket trading; online money transfers
(via PayPal) and other services.

History
Early Years
Auction Web was founded in San Jose, California, on
September 3, 1995, by French-
born Iranian-American computer
programmer Pierre
Omidyar (born on June 21,
1967).One of the first items sold
on Auction Web was a
broken laser pointer for $14.83. In
fact it resulted in the hiring of
Chris Agarpao as eBay's first employee to handle the
number of cheques coming in for fees.
Jeffrey Skoll was hired as the first president of the
company in early 1996. In November 1996, eBay entered
into its first third-party licensing deal, with a company
called Electronic Travel Auction. Originally, the site
belonged to Echo Bay Technology Group, Omidyar's
consulting firm. Omidyar had tried to register the domain
name echobay.com, but found it already taken by
the Echo Bay Mines, a gold mining company, so he
shortened it to his second choice, eBay.com.
Meg Whitman was hired as eBay President and CEO in
March 1998. eBay went public on September 21, 1998,
and both Omidyar and Skoll became instant billionaires.
2000's
As the company expanded product categories
beyond collectibles into almost any saleable item,
business grew quickly. In February 2002, the
company purchased
iBazar; a similar
European auction web
site founded in 1998
and then
bought PayPal on
October 14, 2002.
By early 2008, the
company had
expanded worldwide,
counted hundreds of
millions of registered
users, 15,000+
employees and
revenues of almost
$7.7 billion. On March
31, 2008 John Donahoe was selected to become
President and CEO. In late 2009, eBay completed
the sale of Skype for $2.75 billion, but will still own
30% equity in the company.
2010s

In July 2010, eBay was sued
for $3.8 billion by XPRT
Ventures that accused eBay
of stealing information shared
in confidence by the inventors on XPRT's own
patents, and incorporated it into features in its own
payment systems, such as PayPal Pay Later and
PayPal Buyer Credit.

On December 20, 2010, eBay acquired German online
shopping club, brands4friends.de, for 150 million
($197 million), strengthening the company's interests
in the fashion industry in Europe.

On September 26, 2013, eBay
acquired Braintree for US$800
million, with the intention to
continue running it as a separate
service.
Logo

1995
2012


2012present
Items
Millions of collectibles, decor, appliances, computers,
furnishings, equipment, domain names, vehicles, and
other miscellaneous items are listed, bought, or sold
daily on eBay. In 2006, eBay launched its Business &
Industrial category, breaking into the industrial surplus
business. Generally, anything
can be auctioned on the site as
long as it is not illegal and does
not violate the eBay Prohibited
and Restricted Items policy.
Services and intangibles can be
sold, too. Large international
companies, such as IBM, sell
their newest products and offer
services on eBay using competitive auctions and fixed-
priced storefronts. the site. The German version, eBay
Express Germany, was also opened in 2006 and closed in
2008.
eBay maintains a number of specialty sites including the
discussion boards, groups, answer center, chat rooms,
and reviews and guides. eBay's mobile offerings include
SMS alerts, a WAP site, Java ME clients, and mobile
applications for Windows Phone, Android OS and Apple
iPhone.
Unusual items
Many unusual items have been placed for sale on
eBay, including at least two previously
undiscovered species, including the Coelopleurus
exquisitus sea urchin. A man even offered to sell
his life on eBay.
Prohibited or restricted items
In its earliest days, eBay was
essentially unregulated.
However, as the site grew, it
became necessary to restrict
or forbid auctions for various
items. Note that some of the
restrictions relate to
eBay.com (the U.S. site),
while other restrictions apply to specific European sites
(such as Nazi paraphernalia). Regional laws and
regulations may apply to the seller or the buyer.
Generally, if the sale or ownership of an item is regulated
or prohibited by one or more states, eBay will not permit
its listing. Among the hundred or so banned or restricted
categories:
Tobacco & Alcohol.
Drugs and drug
paraphernalia.
Nazi paraphernalia.
Bootleg recordings.
Firearms and ammuniti
on.
Various types of knives
are also forbidden.
Police and emergency
service vehicular
warning equipment
such as red or blue
lights and sirens.
Used underwear and
dirty used clothing
Forged, illegal, stolen,
or confidential
documents, Any item
that is used to modify
documents is also
restricted.
Human parts and
remains.
Live animals.
Certain copyrighted
works or trademarked
items.
Lottery tickets,
sweepstakes tickets.
Military hardware such
as working weapons or
explosives.
Any object of Iranian,
Cuban, or North Korean
origin.
Enriched uranium,
plutonium, and other
fissile material.
Sexually oriented adult
material, which must be
listed in the "Adult
Only" category certain
items prohibited:
Child pornography
Used sex toys
Services including
any sexual activity
Links to sites that
contain prohibited
items
Adult products that
are delivered digitally
Virtual items
from massively
multiplayer online
games, restrictions
that vary by country
Ivory products
Fortune-telling and
witchcraft-related
services
Bidding
Auction-style listings
Seller ratings
Charity auctions

Auction-style listings
Bidding on eBay (old or new)'s auction-style listing
is called proxy bidding and is essentially equivalent
to a Vickrey auction, with the following exceptions.
The winning bidder pays the second-highest bid
plus one bid increment amount (that is, some
small predefined amount relative to the bid size),
instead of simply the highest bid. However, since
the bid increment amounts are relatively
insignificant compared to the bid size, they are
not considered from a strategic standpoint.
The highest bidder's bid is sealed, as in a Vickrey
auction.

Seller ratings
In 2008, eBay began using detailed seller ratings
with four different categories. When leaving
feedback, buyers are asked to rate the seller in
each of these categories with a score of one to five
stars, with five
being the highest
rating and one the
lowest. Unlike the
overall feedback
rating, these
ratings are
anonymous;
neither sellers nor
other users learn
how individual
buyers rated the
seller. The listings
of sellers with a
rating of 4.3 or below in any into the four rating
categories appear lower in search results. Power
Sellers are required to have scores in each
category above 4.5.

Charity
auctions
Using Mission Fish as an arbiter, eBay allows sellers
to donate a portion of their auction proceeds to a
charity of the seller's choice. The program is called
eBay Giving Works in the US, and eBay for Charity in
the UK. eBay provides a partial refund of seller fees
for items sold through charity auctions. As of March 4,
2010, $154 million has been raised for U.S. nonprofits
by the eBay Community since eBay Giving Works
began in 2003.
Some high-profile charity auctions have been
advertised on the eBay home page, and have raised
large amounts of money in a short time. For example,
a furniture manufacturer raised over $35,000
for Ronald McDonald House by auctioning off beds
that had been signed by celebrities.

To date the highest successful bid on a single item for
charity was for the annual "Power Lunch" with
investor Warren Buffett at the famous Smith &
Wollensky Steakhouse in New York. The winning bid
was $2.63 million.
Shipping
Before an auction, eBay lets sellers choose
which shipping options to offer regular
mail, express mail, or courier service. The
website lets buyers choose which option to
accept.
Since 2012, eBay has
also allowed US sellers
to opt into its Global
Shipping Program. The
program works as
follows: Each seller
decides whether or not
to opt into the
program. If a seller
opts in, and a non-US
buyer buys an item
from the seller, then the buyer pays an additional
fee to Pitney Bowes. The seller ships the item to
a Pitney Bowes facility in the US. After receiving
the item, Pitney Bowes forwards it to the buyer.
The program enhances the selection available to
buyers, but can considerably increase buyers'
costs on low-value items.
Profit and transactions
EBay generates revenue from various fees. The
eBay fee system is quite complex; there are fees to
list a product and fees when the product sells
(Final Value Fee), plus several optional adornment
fees, all based on various factors and scales. As of
November 2012, the U.S. based eBay.com takes
$0.10 to $2 (based on the opening or reserve price)
as an insertion fee for a basic auction-style listing
without any adornments, and 10% of the total
amount of the sale (price of the item plus shipping
charges) as a final value fee. Fixed-price listings
have an insertion fee of $0.30, and the final value
fee varies based on category and total amount of
the sale (e.g. 13% for DVDs & Movies up to
$50). The UK based ebay.co.uk takes
from GBP 0.15 to a maximum rate of GBP 3 per
100 for an ordinary listing and from 0.75 percent
to 10% (writing as of June 2009) of the final price.
Reduced Final Value Fees are available to business
registered customers. In addition, eBay owns
the PayPal payment system that has fees of its
own.
Acquisitions
Skype


EBay Inc. acquired Skype in 2005 and significantly
expanded its customer base to more than 480 million
registered users worldwide. To focus on its core e-
commerce and payments businesses, eBay Inc. sold a
majority stake in Skype in November 2009, retaining a
minority investment in the company.

In May 2011,
Microsoft announced that it had acquired Skype for
$8.5 billion.

Craigslist
In the summer of 2004, eBay
acknowledged that it had
acquired 25% of classified
listings website, Craigslist.
EBay spokesman Hani Durzy stated that the "investment was
really for learning purposes; it gives us access to learn how
the classified market online works."
In March 2005, eBay launched the classifieds service Kijiji. In
April 2008, eBay sued Craigslist to "safeguard its four-year
financial investment", claiming that in January 2008,
Craigslist took actions that "unfairly diluted eBay's economic
interest by more than 10%."Craigslist countersued in May
2008 "to remedy the substantial and ongoing harm to fair
competition" that Craigslist claims is constituted by eBay's
actions as a Craigslist shareholder. In September 2010,
Delaware Judge William Chandler ruled that the actions of
Craigslist were unlawful, and that the actions taken by
Craigslist founders Jim Buck master and Craig Newmark had
"breached their fiduciary duty of loyalty", and restored
eBay's stake in the company to 28.4% from a diluted level of
24.85%. EBay spokesman Michael Jacobson stated "We are
very pleased that the court gave eBay what it sought from
the lawsuit.
Use of economic.
As eBay is a huge, publicly visible market, it has created
a great deal of interest from economists, who have used
it to analyze many aspects of buying and selling
behavior, auction formats, etc., and compare these with
previous theoretical and empirical findings.
Michael Goal, Chairman of the Computer Information
Systems department of
the W. P. Carey School
of Business at Arizona
State University,
published an academic
case based on eBays
big data management and use. In the case, Goal
discusses how eBay is a data-driven company which
processes 50 petabytes of data a day.
EBay uses a system that allows different departments in
the company to check out data from their data mart into
sandboxes for analysis. According to Goal, eBay has
already experienced significant business successes
through its data analytics. To continue improving the
business through data-driven decision making, eBay
employs 5,000 data analysts.

Controversy and criticism.
eBay has its share of controversy, including cases of
fraud, its policy of requiring sellers to use PayPal, and
concerns over
forgeries and
intellectual property
violations in auction
items. There are also
issues of how
negative feedback
after an auction can
offset the benefits of
using eBay as a
trading platform. eBay
has also been
criticised for not
paying its share of UK
tax: the Sunday Times reported in October 2012 that
eBay pays only 1.2m in tax on sales of over 800m.
Bibliography.