Organic Light Emitting Diodes

Junior Research Seminar

Spring 2004
11 May 2004
Junior Research Seminar: Nanoscale Patterning and Systems
Teri W. Odom
Light Emitting Diodes (LEDs)
www.micrelect.com
Junior Research Seminar: Nanoscale Patterning and Systems
Teri W. Odom
OLED Structure
Enhancement of the electroluminescent efficiency and
control of color output
Doping the emissive layer with a small amount of highly
fluorescent molecules.
Organic materials used in OLED devices
Small molecules (vapor deposited)
Polymers (spun-on)
Junior Research Seminar: Nanoscale Patterning and Systems
Teri W. Odom
Organic Light Emitting Diodes (OLEDs)
T. Marks (Northwestern), Nano. Lett.
Junior Research Seminar: Nanoscale Patterning and Systems
Teri W. Odom
Liquid Crystal Displays (LCDs)
B. Glass with polarizing film
E. Glass with electrode
F. Glass with
polarizing
film perp to (B)
D. Liquid crystals C. ITO A. Mirror
Junior Research Seminar: Nanoscale Patterning and Systems
Teri W. Odom
OLEDs vs. LCDs (I)
OLEDs are self-luminous and do not require backlighting
No bulky and environmentally undesirable Hg lamps
A thinner, more compact display results
Light-emitting layer is only a few microns; LCDs typically have 3-6
mm thickness.
OLEDs have a wide viewing angle (up to 170 degrees)
Shutter-like architecture of LCDs has backlight leakage, so contrast
ratio degrades
Color images of LCDs are illegible at 30 off the display center
Low power consumption (2-10 V)
Maximum efficiency
Minimizes heat in electronic devices
Color
OLED panels exhibit 16.78 million colors (24-bit color)
Camera-class LCDs are typically capable of 262,000 colors (18-bit
color)
Junior Research Seminar: Nanoscale Patterning and Systems
Teri W. Odom
OLEDs vs. LCDs (II)
OLEDs offers greater color fidelity
Chromaticity is stable and hue is nearly constant regardless of
changes in luminance
LCDs tend to shift in hue above and below the D65 standard
calibration. Exhibit blueness in darker areas of an image, and
redness in the brighter spots
Active matrix OLED displays show much higher overall
contrast compared to LCD panels
Contrast ratio of more than 3,000:1
LCDs register less than 200:1
OLED displays consume less power
Junior Research Seminar: Nanoscale Patterning and Systems
Teri W. Odom
Passive Matrix OLED display
Low-cost and low-information-content applications
e.g. Alphanumeric displays
Array of OLED pixels connected by intersecting anode and
cathode conductors.
A rib structure is pre-formed on patterned ITO anode lines
Advantage of this method is that all patterning steps use
conventional lithography
Application of a voltage to rows and columns results in
electrical current through selected pixels
Junior Research Seminar: Nanoscale Patterning and Systems
Teri W. Odom
Active Matrix OLED Display
Advantages in active matrix OLED displays
Low voltage and power consumption
High resolution
Large area
Robust pixel design
Integrated drivers
An active matrix OLED has an integrated electronic
backplane made from thin film transistors (TFTs)
Each pixel addressed independently
A defective pixel produces only a dark defect, which is
considered to be much less objectionable than a bright point
defect (such as in LCD panels), or a line defect
Junior Research Seminar: Nanoscale Patterning and Systems
Teri W. Odom
Lab 8: Organic Light Emitting Diodes
Preparation of Compound
Measurement of Device
http://www.mrsec.wisc.edu/EDETC/cineplex/oLED/index.html
Junior Research Seminar: Nanoscale Patterning and Systems
Teri W. Odom