4

(l) Initial approach fix (IAF).- Fix that marks the beginning of the initial segment
and the end of the arrival segment, if applicable. In RNAV application, this fix is normally
defined as a fly-by fix.

(m) Navigation system error (NSE).-The difference between true position and
estimated position.

(n) Navigation specifications.-Set of aircraft and flight crew requirements needed
to support performance-based navigation operations in a defined airspace. There are
two kinds of navigation specifications:

(o) Path definition error (PDE) - The difference between the defined path and the
desired path in a given place and time.

(p) Primary field of view.- For the purposes of this AC, the primary field of view is
within 15 degrees of the primary line of sight of the pilot.

(q) Radius to fix (RF) leg.- An RF leg is defined as any circular path (an arc) with a
constant radius around a defined turn centre that starts and ends in a fix.

(r) Receiver autonomous integrity monitoring (RAIM).-A technique used in a
GNSS receiver/processor to determine the integrity of its navigation signals, using only
GPS signals or GPS signals enhanced with barometric upper-air data. This
determination is achieved by a consistency check between pseudo-range
measurements. At least one additional available satellite is required with respect to the
number of satellites that are needed to obtain the navigation solution.

(s) RNP system.- An area navigation system which supports on-board performance
monitoring and alerting.

(t) RNP value.- The RNP value designates the lateral performance requirement
associated with a procedure. Examples of RNP values are: RNP 0.3 and RNP 0.15.

(u) Total system error (TSE).-Is the difference between the true position and the
desired position. This error is equal to the vector sum of path definition error (PDE),
flight technical error (FTE) and navigation system error (NSE).

(v) Waypoint (WPT). A specified geographical location used to define an area
navigation route or the flight path of an aircraft employing area navigation. Waypoints
area identified as either:
Fly-by waypoint.-A waypoint which requires turn anticipation to allow tangential
interception of the next segment of a route or procedure.
Fly over waypoint.-A waypoint at which a turn is initiated in order to join the next
segment of a route or procedure.

4.2 Abbreviations

AC Advisory circular (FAA)
AFM Airplane flight manual

5


AIP Aeronautical information publication
AMC Acceptable means of compliance
ATC Air traffic control
ATS Air traffic services
EASA European Aviation Safety Agency
FAA United States Federal Aviation Administration
FDE Fault detection and exclusion
FTE Flight technical error
FOSA Flight operational safety assessment
GNSS Global navigation satellite system
GLONASS Global navigation satellite system
GPS Global positioning system
HAL Horizontal alert limit
HIL Horizontal integrity limit
HPL Horizontal protection level
IAC Instrument approach chart
IRS Inertial reference system
IRU Inertial reference unit
LOA Letter of authorisation/letter of acceptance
MEL Minimum equipment list
NSE Navigation system error
ICAO International Civil Aviation Organization
OM Operations manual
OpSpecs Operations specifications
PANS-OPS Procedures for Air Navigation Services - Aircraft Operations
PBN Performance-based navigation
PDE Path definition error
RAIM Receiver autonomous integrity monitoring
RNAV Area navigation
RNP Required navigation performance
RNP APCH Required navigation performance approach
RNP AR APCH Required navigation performance authorisation required
approach
SSR Secondary surveillance radar
STC Supplementary type certificate
TC Type certificate
TSE Total system error
TSO Technical standard order



5. INTRODUCTION

5.1 ICAO Document 9613 - Manual on Required Navigation Performance (PBN),
currently establishes two types of RNP navigation specifications for approach
operations: RNP approach (RNP APCH) and RNP approach with authorization required
(RNP AR APCH).