Chap. III.

GLAZING. 701
('t-ewo's dry glazing; simple and clicap.
J)nunmoncl's patent rnof-gla.ring ; sash-bars in iron, steel, zinc, or wood.
U rover & Co.'s simplex glazing. No iron, zinc, or putty. Lead strips on wood-bars, &c.
Helliwell's yAtent perfection system of imperishable glass roofing. No putty used,
Jfffrey's patent system of
glasing, guaranteed air and water tight.
Johnson Brothers & Co.'s patent im^nrishable glazing.
Mackenzie's patents, by the British Patent Glazing Company (Limited). No zinc used;
a lead cushion over an iron bar.
Mellowes and Darby's eclipse glazing
;
tin-lead bar, V section.
Bendle's Acme glazing.
Eendle & Burrow's indestructible glazing. Wood sash-bar, the glass covered on it by a
wood capping.
Shelley's patent stajidard system of glazing, using glass up to 10 feet in length, with his
patent bars placed two feet apart.
The Pcnnycook patent universal system of glazing without putty.
Each system must be examined for its peculiarity.
2226<^. The Transparent Wire Wove Hoofing Company (Limited) has manufactured a
substitute for glass, made in sheets 10 ft. by 4 ft., at ii^d. per foot. Much is said ia
favour of it, and for many purposes it may work in usefully as a temporary material.
2226c. The diminutioa of light by passing tlirough various sorts of glass has been
given thus: British polished plate, 13 per cent. ; rough cast plate, 30 ;
rolkd iluted plate,
4 flutes to the inch, 53; 32 oz. sheet, 22; common window glass, about LO
;
ground
glass, irom 30 to 60
;
opal globes, from 50 to
60;
green, purple, and ruby glass, 82 to 89
;
and porcelain transparency, over 97^. I-ight decreases in the ratio of the square of its
distance from its sources.
2227. Lkadavork for fixed lights is used in efclesiastical buildings, often in inferior
offices, and frequently in country buildings. Frames made with crossbars receive thes-o
lights, which are fastened to saddle bars. Where openings are wanted, a casement is
introduced of wood or iron. Sometimes a sliding frame is used, particularly for honso
windows. Plain, painted, and stained lead lights have of late years been largely intro-
duced in the so-called
"
Queen Anne
"
designs, and adapted for blind or transom, fanlight,
door panel, or window.
2228. The glaziers vice is for preparing the leaden slips called cames with grooves, &c.,
to fit them for the re^'eption of glass. The German vices are the best, and turn out a
variety of lead in different sizes. There are moulds belonging to these vices in which bars
of lead are cast; in this form the mill receives them, and turns them out with two sides
parallel to each other, and about
|
of an inch broad, and a partition connecting the two
sides together, about
|
of an inch wide, forming on each side a groove near
A
by
^
of au
inch, and 6 feet long. The setting board is that on which the ridge of the light is worked,
and divided into squares, and struck out with a chalk line, or drawn with a lath, which
serve to guide tjie workman. One side and end is squared with a projecting bead or
fillet. The latterkin is a piece of hard wood pointed, and so formed as to clear the groove
of the lead, and widen it, for the more readily receiving the glass. The setting knife is a
blade with a round end, loaded with lead at the bottom of the blade, and having a long
square handle. The sqiuire end of the handle serves to force the squares home tight in
the lead ;
being loaded with lead, it is of greater weight, and also cuts off the ends of the
lead with greater ease, as in the course of working these lights the lead is always longer
than is necessary till trimmed.
2229. The resin box contains powdered resin, which is put on all the joints previous to
soldering. Clips are for holding the irons. All the intersections are soldered ou both
sides except the outside joints of the outer side, that is, where they come to the outer edge.
These lights should be cemented, which is done liy thin paint being run along the leul
bars, and the chasm filled with dry whiting. After it has stood a short time, a small
quantity of dry red or white lead is dusted over it, which will enable it to resist the
weather well.
2229a. Feetwoek is the ornamental pait of lead-
light work, and consists in working ground or stained C
glass into different patterns and devices, as may be seen
(^^
ill the old stained glass windows. The leids used until i
(
tiie middle of the seventeenth century are nearly of one J
\
uniform width, and are much narrower in the fet/ than

^
the common modern leads. That this was the case, can
be proved not only by the existence of the original leads
themselves, but more satisfictorily perhaps by the black
linos drawn upon the glass, withwhich the glass painters
^''
^'=-
""-
'
wer.e accustomed sometimes to produce the effect of leads without unnecessarily cutting