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by Bertrand Russell
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PROPOSED ROADS
TO FREEDOM
BY
BERTRAND RUSSELL, F.R.S.
CONTENTS
INTRODUCTION
PART I.
HISTORICAL
PART II.
PROBLEMS OF THE FUTURE
IV. WORK AND PAY
V. GOVERNMENT AND LAW
VI. INTERNATIONAL RELATIONS
VII. SCIENCE AND ART UNDER SOCIALISM
VIII.THE WORLD AS IT COULD BE MADE
INTRODUCTION
PROPOSED ROADS
TO FREEDOM
PART I
HISTORICAL
CHAPTER I
MARX AND SOCIALIST DOCTRINE
CHAPTER II
CHAPTER III
PART II
PROBLEMS OF THE FUTURE
CHAPTER IV
CHAPTER V
[46] I do not say freedom is the greatest of ALL goods: the best
things come from within--they are such things as creative art,
and love, and thought. Such things can be helped or hindered
by political conditions, but not actually produced by them; and
freedom is, both in itself and in its relation to these other goods
the best thing that political and economic conditions can secure.
[48] ``On the other hand, the STATE has also been confused with
GOVERNMENT. As there can be no State without government, it
has been sometimes said that it is the absence of government,
and not the abolition of the State, that should be the aim.
1. Theft.
2. Crimes of violence.
[53] This was written before the author had any personal
experience of the prison system. He personally met with
nothing but kindness at the hands of the prison officials.
CHAPTER VI
INTERNATIONAL RELATIONS
CHAPTER VII
CHAPTER VIII
[60] Some may fear that the result would be an undue increase
of population, but such fears I believe to be groundless. See
above, (Chapter IV, on ``Work and Pay.'' Also, Chapter vi of
``Principles of Social Reconstruction'' (George Allen and
Unwin, Ltd.).
INDEX
Backwoods, 133
Bakunin, x, 3649
biography, 3747
writings, 4749
and Marx, 38 ff., 59 n.
and Pan-Slavism, 41, 45
and Dresden insurrection, 41
imprisonments, 41
anti-German, 45
and production, 50
Bebel, 66
Benbow, William, 71 n.
Bergson, 68
Bernstein, 27-29, 56
Bevington, 53
Bismarck, 30
Books under Socialism, 178
Bornstedt, 39
Bourgeoisie, 11
Bourses du Travail, 54, 63
Boycott, 68
Briand, 72
Bright, 21
Brooks, John Graham, 75, 77n.
Brousse, Paul, 60
Bureaucracy, 128, 174
Button-hooks, 182
Cafiero, 48n.
Capital, 6, 10, 18-25
Capitalism, 2, 202
and war, 139 ff.
California, 181
Censor of plays, 107
Champion, 91
Charlton, Broughton, 19
Chewing-gum, 189
China, 137, 140
Christ, 187
Chuang Tzu, 33
Churches, 201
Civil Service, 128
Class war, xvi, 9 ff., 27, 29, 81,
66, 116 149
Clemenceau, 71
Cobden, 21
Cole, G. I). H., 89n., 63, 64n.,
73, 76, 81n., 134, 190
Communism, 10 ff.
anarchist, 1, 38ff., 60, 96n.,
100n., 106n.
Communist Manifesto, 5, 9-18,
114, 148
Competitiveness, 160
Concentration of Capital, Law
of, 8, 23-5
Confederation General du
Travail, 63-65, 71, 74
Conquest of Bread, The, 80, 87
Constantine, 108, 187
Creativeness, 186-7
Crime, 118 ff.
Cultivation, intensive, 89
Cultures maraicheres, 91
Darwin, 173
Deleon, 76
Democracy, 2, 30, 129 ff., 148, 167
Deutche Jahrbuscher, 38
Devolution, 200
Disarmament, 153
Disraeli, 30
Distribution, 99 ff.
Dubois, Felix, 62
Duelling, 123
Fabians, 67
Fear, 186, 203
Feudalism, 10
Fields, Factories and
Workshops, 80, 87 ff.
Finance and war, 140
Finland, 144
Fourier, 4n.
Franco-Prussian War, 46, 86, 69
Franklin, 100n.
Freedom, see Liberty
George, Lloyd, 186
German Communist League, 8
German Working Men's
Association, 8
Germany, 144
Giles, Lionel, 36n.
God and the State, 48
Godwin, 207
Gompers, 76
Gospels, The, 187
Government, 111 ff., 198 ff.
representative, 117, 129 ff., 137 ff.
Guesde, Jules, 89-60
Guild Congress, 83, Cal ff.,
Guild Socialism, xi, 80 ff., 133,
192, 211
and the State, 82-4, 114,
184-5
Guillaume, James, 36n., 37
Haywood, 77
Hegel, 4
Herd instinct, xv
Heubner, 41
History, materialistic
interpretation of, 7
Hobson, J. A., 144
Hodgskin, 5n.
Hulme, T. E., 29
Hypocrisy, 132
Japan, 161
Jaures, 60
Jouhaux, 75
Joy of Life, 206
Keats, 173
Knowledge, 168
Kropotkin, 36, 46, 80-61, 87 ff.,
96n., 100n., 102, 106n.,
116 ff., 179, 192
Kultur, 159
Magistrates, 101
Majorities, divine right of, 130, 200
Malthus, 86 ff., 207 ff.
Manchesterism, 29
Marriage, 204
Marx, x, 1-31, 36, 60, 77, 148.
164
biography, 3-7
doctrines, 7-31, 113
and Bakunin, 38 ff.
and International Working
Men's Association, 44 ff.,
89n.
Marzisme, La decomposition
du, 29
Mazzini, 43
Millennium by force, 164
Millerand, 60, 61
Milton, 173
Miners, Western Federation
of, 76, 78
Money, 196
Monroe Doctrine, 140
Morning Star, 21
Morris, William, 176
Napoleon, 120
Napoleon III, 46
Naquet, Alfred, 98n., 118n, 165
National Guilds, 81n.
National Guilds League, 82
Nationalism, 17, 25, 28, 32
Nations--
relations of, 139 ff.
League of, 132, 200
Necessaries, free? 109, 196
Neue Reinische Zeitung, 41
Nicholas, Tsar, 43
Pellico, Silvio, 42
Pelloutier, 54, 63
Permeation, 57
Persia, 158
Plato, vii
Poets, 104
Poland, 37, 144
Population, 197n.
Possibilists, 60
Poverty, 190
Power, love of, 111, 144, 160,
161
Press, 143
Production, methods of, 87 ff.
Proletariat, 11 ff.
Proportional Representation,
165
Proudhon, 4n., 38
Pugnacity, 147
Punishment, 123 ff.
Rarachol, 53
Sabotage, 66
Saint-Simon, 4n.
Sand, George, 38, 41
Sarajevo, 32
Scholarships, 170, 197
Science, 86, 109, 138 166 ff.,
189, 207
men of, 207
Self-interest, 125
Sharing, free, 96 ff., 195
Shelley, 173
Single Tax, 82
Slavery, 190
Socialism, passim--
defined, 1
English, 5
French, 4, 59
German, 66
evolutionary, 27
State, 67, 107, 115, 128, 170,
174, 202, 208
and distribution, 93 ff.
and art and science, 164 ff.
203
Guild, see Guild Socialism
Socialist Labor Party, 76
Socialist Revolutionaries, Alliance
of, 43
Socialists, Inter-Allied, 156
Sorel, 29, 67
Spinoza, 120
State, x, xi, 1, 16, 30, 48, 60,
68, 78, 82-4, 107 ff., 138, 146
Strikes, 66, 67, 70, 78 ff., 130
Syndicalism, passim--
and Marx, 28, 116
and party, 30
and liberty, 85
and political action, 30, 69
129 ff.
and anarchism, x, 66, 72,
in France, 58 ff.
in Italy, 58n.
reformist and revolutionary,
62
and class-war, 65, 116
and general strike, 67, 69,
130
and the State, 68, 116
and Guild Socialism, 81n.,
134
Syndicalist Railwayman, 69
Syndicates, 65
Tariffs, 137
Technical Training, 169 ff., 197
Theft, 121
Thompson, William, 5n.
Tolstoy, 32