Chap. III. SMITHERY AND IRONMONGERY.

715
Ta'i.e showing thk Weight of chse-lammend vlat Bar Iron, fkom One Inch wide
AND AN EjGHTH OF AN IncH THICK TO TwELVK InCHES "WIDE AND UnE InCH THICK.
Inches, Thickness iu Parts of an Ii.ch, and Weiglit in Pounds avoirdupois.
iiid their
I'arts ill
breadth.
J i 5 i S I i
1
1 0-4'9 0-859 1-289 1-718
2 148 2 578 3-O117 3 437
1*
0-484 0-.68
1 503 1-937
2
-422 2-005 3 383 3
8n8
li 539 1-078 1-639 2-148 2-682 3-226 0-758 '-305
1^
Oo93 1-187 1-773 2-368 2 953 3 547
4-133
4 720
n
0-648 1-289 1-937 2-579 3218 3-867 4-508 5-156
n
0-fi9o 1-308 2093 2-789
3 4Q2 4-187 4 890
5-5''5
11
(i-7.')(
1-500
2
25it
3008 3-758 4-508 5266 6 0]r,
Sill 1-609 2-414 3-218 4 281 4 835 5641 6-445
2 859 1-699 2-578
3 437 4-297 5-15ri 6 016 6-874
H
0-913 1-828 2-742 3-356 4-562 5-476 6 391 7-305
^k
0-948
1 937 2-897 3867 4-835 5-805 6 766
7-734
1 023 2 039 3 0rt2 4-148
5101 6-125 7-148 8-161
2i
1-069 2148 3 218 4-297 5 375 6445 7-547 8-594
2|
1-125 2-250
3 383 4-516
5 641 6-766 7-897 9-023
%
1-179 2-366 3-500 4726 6-905 7-093 8273
9-443
1 234
2-468 3-721 4-937 6 180 7-414 8-648 9-882
3
1-289 2-578 3-867 5-1.6 6-445 7-734 9-023 10-312
H
1-344 2-(;87 4-031 5-375 6-734 8-055 9-398 11-742
H
1-398 2-789 4-187 5 609 6-V84 8 375 9-773 11-172
H
1-443 2-905 4-335 5-805 7-250 8-703 10-156 11-601
H
1-500 3-007 4-508 6-016 7-516 9-039 10 503 12-031
H
1
-562 3-1
17 4672
6-226 7-789 9-344 109115 12-461
sf
1-609 3-218 4-860 6-445
8062 9664 11-281 12-890
H
1-630 3--2S 5-000 6-656 8-328 9-992 11-656 13 320
4 1 718
3--!37 5-156 6-874 8-593 10 312 12 031 13-750
8
3-436 6-874 10-312 13-748 17-186 20-624 24-062 27-400
12 5 156 10312 15-469 20-625 25-781 30-937 36 094 41 250
If of Cast Iron.
12 4-835 9-664 14-500 19-3C6 24-172 29000 33-S36 38 672
2255. For the carcase of a building the articles furnislied by the smith are, wrought
iron columns with caps and hai^es for the support of great suj.eiiiicumbent weights.
Wrought iron columns -were used in EnglinJ as early as 1860 by Sir W. Fairbairn,
together with wrought iron girders, and brick arches for fireproof work. When columns
are beyond a certain length in proportion to their diameter they fail by bending, and not
by crushing; also wrought iron is much stronger to resist tension than cast iron;
and as it is an undoubted fact that connections can be made to wrought iron much better
tliati to cast, we have here a combination of advantages where long columns have to be
used which cannot but be appreciated. The use of steel for constructional purposes is
increasing rapidly, as it is so much more reliable than iron. Messrs. Lindsay roll many
s'^ctions of ^teel which can very easily be formed into columns by riveting. A column
made of a series of steel troughs, 16 inches diameter externally, would bear a safe load
of 115 tons if 30 feet long, and the weight would be 74 lbs. per foot only. A cast iro7i
column 16 inches iu diameter, 30 feet long, with
H inches of metal, would (roughly) in
weight be 220 lbs. per foot run, and safe load 100 tons (J. Slater). Combination columns
of steel can be made to 6 feet diameter ; these, having a central concrete filling and outer
ring of bricks in cement, can be designed to sustain a load up to 2,000 tons. The3' jire
made from 13 inches to 48 inches in diameter, and are stated to be not more expensive
than cast iron columns, and far superior. Cast iron columns and stanchions were pre-
ferred both for economy and stiffness, as -was also that material for c/irders, beams, joists,
and bressum)nrs, until the introduction ol plate iron and rolled iron (all which have been
treated in previous sections). Iron columns can be rcadn-ed Jire]>roof by encasing them
witli fireclay blocks, grooved and secured by iron plates with claws, which fit on the rivet
heads. For round columns a metal band is brought round the column, hooked tojether,
and dropped into the groove of the blocks. In tither case a heaA-y bed of mortar is next
appl cd, and theu another course of bkcks is bedded over the band or plate. Then it is