780

TllEOKY Ol'" AKCHITECTURK. Book II.

omaiiicntal chain and lian.lle, anil a mahogany cireuUir hinged flap seat. Prime
cost value, 11. 7s., exclusive of tixing. (These closets do not require any enclosure.
)
I'rovide and fix in lower water-closet one of Doulton's stoneware (ornamental) com-
bination closet.s. and all as before specified for fittings to first floor (prime cost,
4/. 9s. 8fZ
,
exclusive of fixing).
The soil pipe from water-closet, first fljor, is to be 4-inch lead pipe, and to pass
tlirough and down the face of external wall, and to connect to branch of soil drain.
The soil pipe from the lower water-closet to be as last described, and connect to
the branch of soil drain provided for same. Continue the lead soil p'pe from first
floor water-closet to S feet above the eaves to roof, the full size of 4 inches. Put
a fi^ed cone on top.
I'rovide and fi.x a 3-inch lead -waste-pipe from bath through wall and into a 3-inch
cast iron pipe down face of wall, and connect to gtilly provided for same.
I'rovide and fix a lavatory cabinet-stand complete (No. 21, D(julton's list, prime cost,
'11.
2s.)
;
carry a 2-inch lead waste pipe, apd connect to gully provided for same
;
fix under this lavatory a Beard ancl Dent's 2-inch trap and inspection cap. Lay
on water from the down service pipe with a J-inch branch pipe and a |-inch
silver-plated urn tap.
Provide and fix in maids' water-closet, and also in man servants' water-closet, one of
Doulton's Lambe h flush-out closets, with syphon flushing cistern, handle and
chain, all complete.
Connect the flushing cisterns throughout with A-inch stout lead pipe, and from cis-
tern to water-closets with 1^-inch lead pipe.
Provide and fix in scullery a Doulton's vitrified buff-glazed stoneware sink, best
quality, size 3 ft. 6 in. by 2 ft. (prime cost value,
1/.)
;
provide and fix a 2-in. earthen-
ware waste pipe, and connect to grease trap outside scullery wall. (Housemaid's
slop sinks are not required, the combination closets being available for slops.)
The work must be thoroughly well done
;
the best materials are to be used
;
and all
to be finished to the entire satisfaction of the architect or his representative.
Sect. XVI.
MEASURING AND ESTIMATING.
2295. The practice of measuring is dependent on rules already given under Mensura-
tion, in Sect. VI. Chap. I. of this book (1212 et seq.), in which are described the
methods of ascertaining the superficial and solid contents of any figure. The application
of them to architecture, in the practice of measuring and estimating the different parts of
a building, forms the subjecc of this section.
2296. Eor the purposes of measuring, a 10-feet rod, and a pair of 5-feet rods, all
divided into feet, inches, and half-inches, and a 2-feet rule divided into inches and eighths
and twelfths or tenths of inches, are required. If a tape, say of 50, 66, or 100 feet, be
used, it should be carefully checked by a standard, and by the 10-feet rod.
2297. The mode of
"
squaring dimensions," as usually practised by duodecimals, will
be now explained. They are a series of denominations beginning with feet, and then
inches and parts of an inch
;
they form a series of fractions. Feet and inches are marked
with their initial letters, but twelfths, or tenths, or seconds by a double accent, thus
2".
2297a. To multiply duodecimals together, write down the two dimensions to be
multiplied in such a way that the place of feet may stand under the last place of the
multiplicand
;
begin with the right-hand denomination of the multiplier, and multiply it
by every denomination of the multiplicand, throwing the twelve out of every product, and
carrying as many units as there are twelves to the next. Placing the remainders, if any,
under the multiplier, so that the like parts in the product may be under like parts of the
multiplicand; proceed with every successive figure of the multiplier towards the left, in
the same manner, always placing the first figure of the product under the multiplier.
Then the sum of these partial products will be the whole product. In duodecimals there
will be as many denominations below feet as in both the factors taken together.
Example 1.Multiply 7 ft. 5 in. by 3 ft.
4 in.
7 :5
3 : i
2:5:8
22 : 3
24 : 8 : 8
Example 2.Multiply 24 ft. 8 in.
8'
by
3 ft. 7
in.
24 : 8 :
8'
3 : 7
14 5 8
74 2
88 : 7 : : 8