SYSTEM AND NETWORK ADMINISTRATION

ASSIGNMENT NO.2

SUBMITTED TO
Dr AMIR AKHTAR


SUBMITTED BY
ARSHEE AHMED
REGNO 31410
MS T&N







BAHRIA UNIVERSITY, KARACHI CAMPUS
Q.1 What are Optional and required conguration steps for a serial link between two routers?
The steps for serial configuration include, first assign hostname for routers User names and passwords
too. Go to the connected serial interface, assign ip address. Assigning clock rate is optional. Set the
encapsulation e.g frame relay, PPP, HDLC. what protocol you are using for communication.
Specifying bandwidth and duplex mode is optional.
Q.2 List steps required for IP addressing details planned and congured on the local LAN for
an Internet access router.
There are three steps for IP addressing design and implementation task.
Analyze needs
Design subnets
Plan implementation

Analyze needs:
First you need to know the size of the LAN. Check how many subnets are required, how many hosts
are required, how many hosts per subnet are required. You choose the Class of IP based on how many
subnets or hosts you are required.
Keep in mind that addresses in same subnet are not separated by router. Addresses in different subnets
are separated by at least one router. Between two LAN, there must be WAN link. For internet access
you need to configure WAN protocols.
Design subnets:
Make use of public and private ip addresses. Use public ip address for internet access. To use public
and private ip address, you have to use NAT. Select the subnet which has maximum number of hosts.
You have to borrow host bits to get the desired subnet as shown figure below.
Bits Borrow(x) Subnet(2^x) Hosts(2^x -2)
1 2 0
2 4 2
3 8 6
4 16 14
5 32 30
6 64 62
7 128 126

Figure 1
Subnet mask depends on bits borrow, for example if you borrow one bit the mask will be 128.Convert
128 to binary , 10000000. Similarly
1100 0000 = 192
1110 0000=224
1111 0000=240
1111 1000=248
1111 1100=252
1111 1110=254
11111111=255
The bits you borrow represent subnet.
Plan implementation
You can use static or dynamic ip configuration. You can also use DHCP .Static configuration is used
when ip addresses are being assigned are permanent and is used for small scale networks. DHCP is
usually for wireless LAN. Configuration type depends on your network.
Q.3 What are the Planning items before conguring the DHCP server?
First look with what infrastructure you are dealing with and why it needs DHCP. Whether its
centralized, distributed or mixed. We use DHCP to access internet layer. Next select the pool of IP
addresses. Every time the user requests IP address, IP address is assigned from the pool.