BUSINESS TERMS

SEMESTER I

1. ABSENTEEISM A situation relating to habitual absence of employees from the
workplace

2. ACROSS THE BOARD something that embraces (includes) everything without
exceptions

3. AD HOC COMMITTEE a one-time committee set up for a specific purpose

4. AGENDA List of businesses to be transacted at a meeting (usually a formal meeting)

5. AGM Annual General Meeting is the statutory annual meeting of the shareholders of a
company in which the annual accounts are accepted, together with any proposals that
require the approval by the general body of the share holders

6. AUDIT To make a review of books of accounts and financial statements for accuracy,
truth, and fairness

7. BANKRUPT A firm is declared bankrupt when it fails to pay its creditors, and its
assets must be liquidated for partial disposition of the liabilities

8. BAR CODE A series of lines with different width, printed on a product or package that
an optical scanner can read to ascertain prices, etc

9. BOOTLEGGING Illegal trade and transfer of goods

10. BOTTLENECK Anything that impedes/ hampers the movement and progress

11. BROCHURE A small unbound booklet or leaflet that promotes a companys products
or services

12. CENSOR Ban on objectionable materials

13. CONTRACT Any agreement enforceable by law

14. COPYRIGHT The legal exclusive right allowed to the originator to produce and sell
any work of art for a specific period

15. CREDITWORTHINESS A creditors measure of a consumers past and future ability
and willingness to repay debts

16. DOWNSIZE Term used to indicate employee layoffs, reassignment and restructuring
in order to make a business more competitive, efficient and/or cost effective

17. FRANCHISING process whereby the franchisor provides a licensed privilege to the
franchisee to do business, and offers assistance in organizing, training, merchandizing,
marketing and managing in return for a consideration

18. FREEBIE a product or services that is given away for free, often as a business
promotion

19. GUERILLA MARKETING A marketing technique in which the aim is to damage the
market share of competitors

20. LEVERAGE A method of corporate funding in which higher proportion of funds is
raised through borrowing rather than share issue.

21. NETIQUETTE A code of conduct that governs behavior on the Internet

22. NEGOTIATION a discussion with the aim of resolving a difference of opinion, or
dispute or to settle the terms of an agreement or transaction

23. NETWORTH The total value of a business in financial terms; net worth is calculated
by subtracting total liabilities from total assets

24. OUTSOURCING Term used in business to identify the process of sub-contracting
work to outside vendors; when a part of services is transferred to an external organization for
a contracted period of time, costs and conditions

25. PERFORMANCE APPRAISAL A face-to-face discussion in which one employees
work is discussed, reviewed, and appraised by another, using an agreed and understood
framework

26. PRICE DISCRIMINATION The practice of selling the same product to different
buyers at different prices

27. PUBLIC RELATIONS Communication with various sectors of the public to influence
their attitudes and opinions in the interest of promoting a person, product or idea

28. QUESTIONNAIRE A data-gathering form used to collect information by a personal
interview, which a telephone survey, or through mail

29. RETURN ON INVESTMENT (ROI) The amount of profit (return) based on the
amount of resources (funds) used to produce it
30. RETAILING Businesses and individuals engaged in the activity of selling products to
final consumers

31. SURVEY A research method in which people are asked questions

32. TRADEMARK A name, phrase, logo, image or combination of images used to
identify and distinguish businesses from others in the marketplace; often used to include
service marks that apply to businesses providing services as opposed to selling products (can
be registered or unregistered, with different levels of protection)

33. PAT PROFIT AFTER TAX is the net profit earned by the company after deducting all
expenses like interest, depreciation and tax.

34. NPA NON PERFORMING ASSET is defined as a credit facility in respect of which the
interest and/or installment of principal has remained past due for a specified period of time.

35. YoY - A method of evaluating two or more measured events to compare the results at one
time period with those from another time period (or series of time periods), on an annualized
basis. YEAR-OVER-YEAR comparisons are a popular way to evaluate the performance of
investments. Any measurable events that recur annually can be compared on a year-over-
year basis - from annual performance, to quarterly performance, to daily performance.

36. QoQ - A measuring technique that calculates the change between one financial quarter
and the previous financial quarter. This is similar to the year-over-year measure, which
compares the quarter of one year (Q1 2005) to the same quarter of the previous year (Q1
2004). The measure gives investors and analysts an idea of how a company is growing over
each quarter.