CEGR 2104 Surveying and Site Design Spring 2006 - Lecture Notes

Questions aout presentations!"#

$i%e &sorne ' C(2$ (i))
*ndy Donovan+ Randy Ro,rer ' Spectra -S
Lecture ' *rea .e/t C,apter 12
Area Calculations Why are they important?
Deter0ine ui)ding )ot si1es 2or sing)e 2a0i)y ,o0es+ co00ercia)
property+ etc"
Deter0ine si1e o2 )a%es+ reservoirs+ etc"
Deter0ine si1e o2 area to e sur2aced+ paved+ seeded+ sprayed 3it,
pesticides+ etc"
$et,ods 2or 0easuring area4
1" 5se o2 6ie)d $easure0ents 7use tota) station+ etc"8
-nc)udes
1" division into si0p)e geo0etry
2" o22set 0et,od
9" area y coordinates
4. dou)e 0eridian distance
:" area o2 parce)s 3it, circu)ar oundaries
Divide tract into simple geometry (triangles, rectangles,
trapezoids)
-See 6igure 12"1
CEGR 2104 Surveying and Site Design Spring 2006 - Lecture Notes
-6or e/a0p)e t,e area o2 a triang)e4
Source: http://library.thinkquest.org/C0110248/geometry/menareatriangle.htm
8 g,t 7ase87,ei
2
1
*rea =
(o3ever your 2ie)d 0easure0ents 0ay ;ust s,o3 sides4
c8 7a
2
1
s
8 87 87 7 *rea
+ + =
= c s b s a s s
6or e/a0p)e+ t,e area o2 triang)e E6D in 6igure 12"1 7assu0e
distances are in 2eet84
Let E6 < a < 26="6+ 6D < < 21>"1+ DE < c < 2:6"1
.,en4
2 4
2t 10 / 2"60? 260?2 *rea
2:6"18 "> 21>"1879?1 "> 26="6879?1 > 9?1">79?1" *rea
9?1"> s
2:6"18 21>"1 726="6
2
1
s
= =
=
=
+ + =
*)ternative)y+ you 0ay ;ust ,ave t3o sides and a 0easured ang)e4
a7sinC8
2
1
*rea =
CEGR 2104 Surveying and Site Design Spring 2006 - Lecture Notes
Note t,at C is t,e ang)e inc)uded et3een sides a and b
So+ 2or triang)e E6D 2ro0 6igure 12"14
Lets say t,at t,e ang)e 0easured at 6 < 62
o
22@:4A
2 4
o
2t 10 / 2"60? 260?2 *rea
8 22B:4C >"187sin62 726="68721
2
1
*rea
= =
=
Oset method
-0ay e use2u) 2or irregu)ar tracts+ odies o2 3ater+ etc"
-0ay e use2u) 3,en )oo%ing at a cross-section+ 2or suseDuent
vo)u0e ca)cu)ations!
1" Regu)ar)y spaced o22sets ' See 6igure 12"2

+ + + + =
2
,
, ,
2
,
*rea
n
2 1
o

See E/a0p)e 12"1 7on your o3n8

2" -rregu)ar)y spaced o22sets ' See 6igure 12"9
( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) [ ]
n n o
h h h h c h h b h h a + + + + + + + + =
1 3 2 2 1 1

2
1
*rea
See E/a0p)e 12"2 7on your o3n8
CEGR 2104 Surveying and Site Design Spring 2006 - Lecture Notes
Area by Coordinates!
See 6igure 12"4 and 12":+ read derivation on your o3n!"
*rea o2 *ECDE*4
F
G
E ! E C ! " C "
E E ! ! C C " "
# $ # $ # $ # $ # $
# $ # $ # $ # $ # $ rea

+ + + + + = 2
.o %eep t,e 2or0u)a straig,t+ set up t3o co)u0ns4
"
A
#
A
"
$
#
$
"
C
#
C
"
D
#
D
"
%
#
%
"
A
#
A
6or t,e aove ta)e+ t,e das,ed arro3s are positive and t,e so)id
arro3s are negative"
2 / *rea < 7HIJ va)ues8 H 7-JI va)ues8
See E/a0p)e 12"9
-n C)ass E/ercise 11
CEGR 2104 Surveying and Site Design Spring 2006 - Lecture Notes
Double &eridian Distance (D&D)
$eridian distance o2 a traverse course ' perpendicu)ar distance
2ro0 t,e re2erence 0eridian to t,e 0idpoint o2 t,e course
See 6igure 12"6
.,e D$D 2or any traverse course is eDua) to t,e D$D o2 t,e
preceding course+ p)us t,e departure o2 t,e preceding course+ p)us
t,e departure o2 t,e course itse)2
So to ca)cu)ate area o2 a traverse4
1" Deter0ine a)) a)anced )atitudes and departures
2" Ca)cu)ate t,e D$D 2or eac, course
9" $u)tip)y y t,e Ea)anced Latitude
4" Record t,e positive 7H8 and negative 7-8 va)ues in separate
co)u0ns
:" .a%e t,e di22erence and divide y 2
Need)ess to say+ t,is 0ay appear con2using and its est i))ustrated
in an e/a0p)e
See E/a0p)e 12"4 and .a)e 12"9
Re0e0er+ Departure < L sin < I+ Latitude < L cos < J
See E/a0p)e 12": and .a)e 12"4
CEGR 2104 Surveying and Site Design Spring 2006 - Lecture Notes
-n C)ass E/ercise 12
Start (ere 4K6K06
Area o parcels 'ith circular boundaries
o Co00on)y encountered+ consider a ,ouse t,at is on a Lcu)
de sacA
o Divide tract into a polygon and a sector
o See 6igure 12"?
o Ca)cu)ate po)ygon 7*ECDEG6*8 area using area y
coordinates or D$D 0et,od 73i)) cover s,ort)y8
o Ca)cu)ate sector EG6 as 2o))o3s4
Need to %no3 t,e radius and centra) ang)e 78 or c,ord
)engt,

=
360

2
R EG6 sector o2 area
-2 c,ord )engt, 7E68 is %no3n+ ut not t,e centra) ang)e+
ca)cu)ate t,e centra) ang)e 2irst and t,en ca)cu)ate area
aove4

=

2R
E6
2sin M
1
o *)ternate $et,od
Ca)cu)ate area o2 polygon *ECDE6*
CEGR 2104 Surveying and Site Design Spring 2006 - Lecture Notes
Ca)cu)ate area o2 t,e re0aining segment% de2ined as
t,e area et3een t,e arc and t,e c,ord )engt, E6
8 sin 7
2
1
seg0ent o2 *rea =
2
&

-note t,at 2or t,is eDuation+ is in radiansN
.,is is use2u) 2or typica) cu) de sac )ots ' see in-c)ass
over,ead
Note t,at in t,is case+ 3e cou)d e/tend t,e t3o sides in
to t,e cu) de sac and sutract t,e sector 2ro0 t,e
)arger po)ygon
&r+ etter yet si0p)y connect t,e t3o points on t,e cu)
de sac and sutract t,e segment 2ro0 t,e )arger
po)ygon
() Computing Areas based on e*isting maps
&2 course+ 0aps t,e0se)ves are derived 2ro0 2ie)d 0easure0ents!"
.,ere are ti0es 3,en you 0ig,t ,ave a 0ap t,at 3as previous)y
prepared to sca)e+ and you 3is, to deter0ine t,e area
Note t,at t,is is di22erent t,an co0puting t,e area direct)y 2ro0
surveying data
*s suc,+ it is )ess accurate+ since you are esti0ating an area 2ro0
3,at 3as dra3n and printedKdisp)ayed e)ectronica))y
Oey 0et,ods inc)ude4
o Counting sDuares ' p)ace 0ap over grid paper and see ,o3
0any sDuares 2a)) 3it,in t,e desired area ' t,en convert per
t,e given sca)e+ e"g"+ 1 inc, < 2002t+ or 3,atever
CEGR 2104 Surveying and Site Design Spring 2006 - Lecture Notes
o Digiti1e coordinates ' p)ace 0ap over a digiti1ing ta)e and
e/tract coordinates+ direct)y )in% to co0puter
(as een use2u) 2or G-S app)ications to )in% disparate
data
o P)ani0eter ' 0ec,anica) or e)ectronic ' see 6igure 12">
o Descried p" 91=-91>
E/a0p)e+ ro)) p)ani0eter over an e/isting dra3ing 2or 3,ic, you don@t ,ave
an e)ectronic copy!"or ;ust 3ant a Duic% esti0ate o2 a part o2 t,e dra3ing"
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CEGR 2104 Surveying and Site Design Spring 2006 - Lecture Notes
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CEGR 2104 Surveying and Site Design Spring 2006 - Lecture Notes
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