Wiwin Windupranata Faculty of Earth Sciences and Technology Bandung Institute of Technology Climate change and oceans. As ocean water warms, it expands and takes up more space. Tug of war of currents can influence a coast's sea level.
Wiwin Windupranata Faculty of Earth Sciences and Technology Bandung Institute of Technology Climate change and oceans. As ocean water warms, it expands and takes up more space. Tug of war of currents can influence a coast's sea level.
Wiwin Windupranata Faculty of Earth Sciences and Technology Bandung Institute of Technology Climate change and oceans. As ocean water warms, it expands and takes up more space. Tug of war of currents can influence a coast's sea level.
Pelatnas Team International Geography Olympiad 2013 Tahap I
Bandung, 18 Februari 17 Maret 2013
Dr.rer.nat. Wiwin Windupranata Faculty of Earth Sciences and Technology Bandung Institute of Technology Climate Change and Oceans Dr.rer.nat. Wiwin Windupranata Faculty of Earth Sciences and Technology Bandung Institute of Technology Pelatnas Team International Geography Olympiad 2013 Tahap I Bandung, 18 Februari 17 Maret 2013 Dr.rer.nat. Wiwin Windupranata Faculty of Earth Sciences and Technology Bandung Institute of Technology Climate Changes Sign of Changes Sea Level Rise Ocean Acidification Ocean Heat Rise Sea Surface Temperature Rise Ice Loss Pelatnas Team International Geography Olympiad 2013 Tahap I Bandung, 18 Februari 17 Maret 2013 Dr.rer.nat. Wiwin Windupranata Faculty of Earth Sciences and Technology Bandung Institute of Technology Sea Level Rise Reason for Rise As our world warms, rising temperatures affect sea level in several important ways
First, as ocean water warms, it expands and takes up more space Pelatnas Team International Geography Olympiad 2013 Tahap I Bandung, 18 Februari 17 Maret 2013 Dr.rer.nat. Wiwin Windupranata Faculty of Earth Sciences and Technology Bandung Institute of Technology Sea Level Rise Reasons for Rise Climate change also puts the heat on glaciers, and as these masses of ice melt, the runoff streams into the ocean, boosting its volume Pelatnas Team International Geography Olympiad 2013 Tahap I Bandung, 18 Februari 17 Maret 2013 Dr.rer.nat. Wiwin Windupranata Faculty of Earth Sciences and Technology Bandung Institute of Technology Pelatnas Team International Geography Olympiad 2013 Tahap I Bandung, 18 Februari 17 Maret 2013 Dr.rer.nat. Wiwin Windupranata Faculty of Earth Sciences and Technology Bandung Institute of Technology Sea Level Rise Further Influence on Sea Level But sea level involves far more than just expanding water or melting ice. The tug of war of currents can influence a coast's sea level; some push water toward the land, others pull it away. Earth's continents rise and fall relative to the ocean, also affecting sea level. Pelatnas Team International Geography Olympiad 2013 Tahap I Bandung, 18 Februari 17 Maret 2013 Dr.rer.nat. Wiwin Windupranata Faculty of Earth Sciences and Technology Bandung Institute of Technology Pelatnas Team International Geography Olympiad 2013 Tahap I Bandung, 18 Februari 17 Maret 2013 Dr.rer.nat. Wiwin Windupranata Faculty of Earth Sciences and Technology Bandung Institute of Technology Sea Level Rise Behind the Numbers Scientists use two different measurements of sea level.
Relative sea level is the height of the ocean relative to the land elevation at a particular location.
Absolute sea level measures the height of the ocean surface above the center of the earth. Pelatnas Team International Geography Olympiad 2013 Tahap I Bandung, 18 Februari 17 Maret 2013 Dr.rer.nat. Wiwin Windupranata Faculty of Earth Sciences and Technology Bandung Institute of Technology Sea Level Rise Vital Sign After roughly 2,000 years with little change, average global sea levels rose throughout the 20th century, and in recent years the rate of change has accelerated: 0.15 cm/year from 1870- 2008 0.28-0.33cm/year from 1993-2008 Pelatnas Team International Geography Olympiad 2013 Tahap I Bandung, 18 Februari 17 Maret 2013 Dr.rer.nat. Wiwin Windupranata Faculty of Earth Sciences and Technology Bandung Institute of Technology Sea Level Rise Important ! While absolute sea level has increased steadily, climate models, satellite data, and hydrographic observations all demonstrate that sea level is not rising uniformly around the world. Pelatnas Team International Geography Olympiad 2013 Tahap I Bandung, 18 Februari 17 Maret 2013 Dr.rer.nat. Wiwin Windupranata Faculty of Earth Sciences and Technology Bandung Institute of Technology Ocean Acidification The Ocean and Carbon About one third of emitted carbon dioxide (CO2) makes its way into the ocean But as more and more carbon fills the atmosphere, it takes longer and longer for nature to cycle it out The ocean has absorbed more carbon than it produces a carbon sink not a carbon source Pelatnas Team International Geography Olympiad 2013 Tahap I Bandung, 18 Februari 17 Maret 2013 Dr.rer.nat. Wiwin Windupranata Faculty of Earth Sciences and Technology Bandung Institute of Technology Ocean Acidification The Ocean and Carbon Because the concentration of CO2 is higher in the air than in the ocean, it diffuses into seawater Tiny photosynthetic microbes called phytoplankton, absorb it and use it to make food, generating half of the world's oxygen in the process Pelatnas Team International Geography Olympiad 2013 Tahap I Bandung, 18 Februari 17 Maret 2013 Dr.rer.nat. Wiwin Windupranata Faculty of Earth Sciences and Technology Bandung Institute of Technology Ocean Acidification More Carbon, More Acidic Water Every day the ocean absorbs 22 million metric tons of CO2, altering ocean chemistry in ways that have serious consequences for life As atmospheric CO2 increases as more fossil fuels are burned, the ocean absorbs more and more CO2 in response This increases the ocean's acidity, since carbon dioxide dissolved in water produces carbonic acid. Pelatnas Team International Geography Olympiad 2013 Tahap I Bandung, 18 Februari 17 Maret 2013 Dr.rer.nat. Wiwin Windupranata Faculty of Earth Sciences and Technology Bandung Institute of Technology Ocean Acidification The Ocean and Carbon Warmer sea surface temperatures have caused phytoplankton productivity to decrease in the last century, which means the plants can't take up as much CO2 This combination of more CO2 entering the ocean and less of it getting consumed by phytoplankton means that surface seawater is acidifying faster. Pelatnas Team International Geography Olympiad 2013 Tahap I Bandung, 18 Februari 17 Maret 2013 Dr.rer.nat. Wiwin Windupranata Faculty of Earth Sciences and Technology Bandung Institute of Technology Ocean Acidification Acidic Water and Marine Life Acidified seawater has less of the carbonate ions marine organisms need to make calcium carbonate Corals, crabs, and other creatures all rely on this important molecule to make their skeletons and shells Pelatnas Team International Geography Olympiad 2013 Tahap I Bandung, 18 Februari 17 Maret 2013 Dr.rer.nat. Wiwin Windupranata Faculty of Earth Sciences and Technology Bandung Institute of Technology Pelatnas Team International Geography Olympiad 2013 Tahap I Bandung, 18 Februari 17 Maret 2013 Dr.rer.nat. Wiwin Windupranata Faculty of Earth Sciences and Technology Bandung Institute of Technology Ocean Heat Heat Storage and Movement Heat is stored in the ocean and transported through it in a number of ways Because the ocean's heat content influences sea surface temperatures and exerts a strong influence on climate Pelatnas Team International Geography Olympiad 2013 Tahap I Bandung, 18 Februari 17 Maret 2013 Dr.rer.nat. Wiwin Windupranata Faculty of Earth Sciences and Technology Bandung Institute of Technology Ocean Heat Warming and Ocean Dynamic As heat-trapping gases accumulate in Earth's atmosphere, they trap more of the Sun's energy, the ocean absorbs more heat, and its temperature rises Added heat changes ocean dynamics, because many currents are driven by subtle differences in temperature (and salinity). Currents influence climate and ecosystems Pelatnas Team International Geography Olympiad 2013 Tahap I Bandung, 18 Februari 17 Maret 2013 Dr.rer.nat. Wiwin Windupranata Faculty of Earth Sciences and Technology Bandung Institute of Technology Ocean Heat Warming and Ocean Dynamic In addition, water expands as it warms, so as ocean temperatures climb, sea levels also rise At high latitudes, warming waters have additional impacts: they melt sea ice and coastal ice shelves Pelatnas Team International Geography Olympiad 2013 Tahap I Bandung, 18 Februari 17 Maret 2013 Dr.rer.nat. Wiwin Windupranata Faculty of Earth Sciences and Technology Bandung Institute of Technology Ocean Heat Ocean Life Rising water temperatures and shifting currents affect coastal and marine water quality, altering species distribution and biological productivity When the base of the marine food web is impacted by warming waters, effects ripple up the food web Pelatnas Team International Geography Olympiad 2013 Tahap I Bandung, 18 Februari 17 Maret 2013 Dr.rer.nat. Wiwin Windupranata Faculty of Earth Sciences and Technology Bandung Institute of Technology Ocean Heat Ocean Life In addition, warmer seas will likely produce more coral bleaching, hypoxia, disease, harmful algal blooms, and invasive species Some species or populations may shrink or disappear unless they can relocate Pelatnas Team International Geography Olympiad 2013 Tahap I Bandung, 18 Februari 17 Maret 2013 Dr.rer.nat. Wiwin Windupranata Faculty of Earth Sciences and Technology Bandung Institute of Technology Pelatnas Team International Geography Olympiad 2013 Tahap I Bandung, 18 Februari 17 Maret 2013 Dr.rer.nat. Wiwin Windupranata Faculty of Earth Sciences and Technology Bandung Institute of Technology Sea Surface Temperature Dynamic Surface Water Sea surface temperatures vary with latitude; warmer waters are found near the equator, and colder waters course around the Arctic and Antarctic Changes in climate cause the global circulation patterns that transport warm and cold water throughout the ocean to also change Pelatnas Team International Geography Olympiad 2013 Tahap I Bandung, 18 Februari 17 Maret 2013 Dr.rer.nat. Wiwin Windupranata Faculty of Earth Sciences and Technology Bandung Institute of Technology Sea Surface Temperature Dynamic Surface Water Changes in sea surface temperature have a tremendous impact on the marine ecosystem, influencing where plants and animals live; altering migration or breeding patterns; threatening ocean life; and affecting the frequency, intensity, and location of algal blooms Warm surface waters can prevent critical deep- sea nutrients from cycling upward, potentially causing fish populations to decline Pelatnas Team International Geography Olympiad 2013 Tahap I Bandung, 18 Februari 17 Maret 2013 Dr.rer.nat. Wiwin Windupranata Faculty of Earth Sciences and Technology Bandung Institute of Technology Sea Surface Temperature Global Climate The ocean constantly interacts with the atmosphere; sea surface temperatures profoundly influence global climate As sea surface waters warm, water vapor in the atmosphere increases Water vapor fuels weather systems that produce precipitation, and more water vapor in the atmosphere means a higher risk of heavy rains or snow Pelatnas Team International Geography Olympiad 2013 Tahap I Bandung, 18 Februari 17 Maret 2013 Dr.rer.nat. Wiwin Windupranata Faculty of Earth Sciences and Technology Bandung Institute of Technology Pelatnas Team International Geography Olympiad 2013 Tahap I Bandung, 18 Februari 17 Maret 2013 Dr.rer.nat. Wiwin Windupranata Faculty of Earth Sciences and Technology Bandung Institute of Technology Ice Loss The Cryosphere Earth has many frozen features, including sea, lake, and river ice; snow cover; glaciers, ice caps; ice sheets; and frozen ground Collectively called the "cryosphere," Earth's frosty spots play a critical role in regulating global climate Pelatnas Team International Geography Olympiad 2013 Tahap I Bandung, 18 Februari 17 Maret 2013 Dr.rer.nat. Wiwin Windupranata Faculty of Earth Sciences and Technology Bandung Institute of Technology Ice Loss The Cryosphere Throughout the cryosphere, surface temperatures remain below freezing for a portion of the year. Ice and snow exist relatively close to their melting point, and they frequently change from solid to liquid and back again due to fluctuations in surface temperature Pelatnas Team International Geography Olympiad 2013 Tahap I Bandung, 18 Februari 17 Maret 2013 Dr.rer.nat. Wiwin Windupranata Faculty of Earth Sciences and Technology Bandung Institute of Technology Ice Loss Shrinking Sea Ice Sea ice extent is decreasing due to warmer air temperatures, warmer ocean temperatures, and due to wind blowing ice fragments out of the Arctic Ocean. As sea ice melts, the Arctic's ability to stabilize the Earth's climate declines, escalating a "feedback loop" of more solar energy absorption, higher air temperatures, and less sea ice Pelatnas Team International Geography Olympiad 2013 Tahap I Bandung, 18 Februari 17 Maret 2013 Dr.rer.nat. Wiwin Windupranata Faculty of Earth Sciences and Technology Bandung Institute of Technology Pelatnas Team International Geography Olympiad 2013 Tahap I Bandung, 18 Februari 17 Maret 2013 Dr.rer.nat. Wiwin Windupranata Faculty of Earth Sciences and Technology Bandung Institute of Technology Pelatnas Team International Geography Olympiad 2013 Tahap I Bandung, 18 Februari 17 Maret 2013 Dr.rer.nat. Wiwin Windupranata Faculty of Earth Sciences and Technology Bandung Institute of Technology Thank You !! Dr.rer.nat. Wiwin Windupranata Faculty of Earth Sciences and Technology Bandung Institute of Technology