Approval Standard

for
Combustible Gas Detectors



Class Number 6310 and 6320

January 2001












Based in part on ANSI/ISA-12.13.01-2000, Performance Requirements for Combustible Gas Detectors.

2002 FM Approvals LLC. All rights reserved.


Foreword



The FM Approvals certification mark is intended to verify that the products and services described
will meet FM Approvals stated conditions of performance, safety and quality useful to the ends of
property conservation. The purpose of Approval Standards is to present the criteria for FM Approval
of various types of products and services, as guidance for FM Approvals personnel, manufacturers,
users and authorities having jurisdiction.

Products submitted for certification by FM Approvals shall demonstrate that they meet the intent of
the Approval Standard, and that quality control in manufacturing shall ensure a consistently uniform
and reliable product. Approval Standards strive to be performance-oriented. They are intended to
facilitate technological development.

For examining equipment, materials and services, Approval Standards:

a) must be useful to the ends of property conservation by preventing, limiting or not
causing damage under the conditions stated by the Approval listing; and

b) must be readily identifiable.

Continuance of Approval and listing depends on compliance with the Approval Agreement,
satisfactory performance in the field, on successful re-examinations of equipment, materials, and
services as appropriate, and on periodic follow-up audits of the manufacturing facility.

FM Approvals LLC reserves the right in its sole judgment to change or revise its standards, criteria,
methods, or procedures.


TABLE OF CONTENTS
1. INTRODUCTION ..................................................................................................................................................................... 1
1.1 Purpose .............................................................................................................................................................................. 1
1.2 Scope ................................................................................................................................................................................. 1
1.3 Basis for Requirements ..................................................................................................................................................... 2
1.4 Basis for FM Approval ..................................................................................................................................................... 2
1.5 Basis for Continued Approval .......................................................................................................................................... 3
1.6 Effective Date .................................................................................................................................................................... 3
1.7 System of Units .................................................................................................................................................................. 3
1.8 Applicable Standards ......................................................................................................................................................... 3
1.9 Definitions ......................................................................................................................................................................... 3
2. GENERAL REQUIREMENTS ............................................................................................................................................... 6
2.1 Review of Documentation ................................................................................................................................................ 6
2.2 Markings ............................................................................................................................................................................ 6
2.3 Manufacturers Installation and Operation Manuals ........................................................................................................ 7
2.4 Construction and Functions ............................................................................................................................................ 10
2.5 Test Equipment Calibration ............................................................................................................................................ 12
3. PERFORMANCE REQUIREMENTS ................................................................................................................................. 12
3.1 General ............................................................................................................................................................................. 12
3.2 Samples and Sequence .................................................................................................................................................... 13
3.3 Preparation of instrument ................................................................................................................................................ 13
3.4 Conditions for test and test area ..................................................................................................................................... 13
3.5 Selectable gas/range instruments .................................................................................................................................... 15
3.6 Un-powered preconditioning storage .............................................................................................................................. 15
3.7 Drop test .......................................................................................................................................................................... 16
3.8 Vibration .......................................................................................................................................................................... 16
3.9 Calibration ....................................................................................................................................................................... 16
3.10 Accuracy ........................................................................................................................................................................ 17
3.11 Temperature ................................................................................................................................................................... 17
3.12 Step change response .................................................................................................................................................... 18
3.13 Humidity variation ........................................................................................................................................................ 18
3.14 Air velocity variation .................................................................................................................................................... 19
3.15 Supply voltage variation ............................................................................................................................................... 19
3.16 Electromagnetic Interference (EMI) ............................................................................................................................. 20
3.17 Long-term stability ........................................................................................................................................................ 20
3.18 Flooding with undiluted gas ......................................................................................................................................... 22
3.19 Additional Tests ............................................................................................................................................................. 22
4. OPERATIONS REQUIREMENTS ....................................................................................................................................... 23
4.1 Demonstrated Quality Control Program ......................................................................................................................... 23
4.2 Facilities and Procedures Audit (F&PA) ........................................................................................................................ 23
APPENDIX A: GENERAL INFORMATION .......................................................................................................................... 24
A-1 Approval Application Requirements ............................................................................................................................. 24
A-2 Requirements for Samples for Examination ................................................................................................................. 25
APPENDIX B: UNITS OF MEASUREMENT ......................................................................................................................... 26
1. INTRODUCTION
1.1 Purpose
1.1.1 This standard provides minimum requirements for combustible gas detection instruments for
FM Approval.
1.1.2 FM Approval criteria may include, but are not limited to, performance requirements, marking require-
ments, examination of manufacturing facility(ies), audit of quality assurance procedures, and a follow-up
program.
1.2 Scope
1.2.1 This standard is concerned with the details of construction, performance and testing of portable, mobile
and stationary electrical instruments that sense the presence of combustible gas or vapor concentrations in
air. Based on associated requirements specified in Section 3, this standard considers the suitability of the
instruments or parts thereof for use in Class I, hazardous (classified) locations as defined by the National
Electrical Code (ANSI/NFPA 70).
NOTE: IT IS STRESSED THAT ALTHOUGH COMBUSTIBLE GAS DETECTORS WARN OF AN
EXPLOSION, THEY DO NOT NECESSARILY WARN OF TOXIC GAS RELEASES. IT IS ALSO
STRESSED THAT FINAL AND LONG-TERM EFFECTIVENESS OF ANY COMBUSTIBLE GAS
DETECTION EQUIPMENT DEPENDS HEAVILY UPON THE USER, WHO MUST BE
RESPONSIBLE FOR ITS PROPER APPLICATION, INSTALLATION, USE, AND REGULAR
MAINTENANCE.
1.2.2 This standard applies to line-voltage operated instruments rated at 250V nominal or less, and to portable,
mobile, or stationary-type instruments supplied by battery of a non-rechargeable (primary) type or a
rechargeable (secondary) type.
1.2.3 For intrinsically safe instruments, this standard applies only to systems which utilize defined associated
intrinsically safe apparatus (protective barrier assemblies). Entity concept does not apply to the
performance Approval of combustible gas detectors.
1.2.4 This standard addresses combustible gas detection instruments intended to provide an indication or alarm,
the purpose of which is to give warning of potential hazard.
1.2.5 This standard does not address gas detection instruments of the laboratory or scientific type used for
analysis or measurement, instruments used for process control and process monitoring purposes, open path
(line of sight) area monitors, or instruments used for residential purposes.
1.2.6 This standard is written for gas detection instruments that are intended to detect gas concentrations in air
in the range from zero up to the lower flammable limit (LFL), since this is the most commonly used range
for instruments intended to measure or monitor the degree of explosion hazard. This does not preclude
instruments intended for higher concentration ranges, such as those intended to warn of a drop in
concentration from a high value down to the upper flammable limit (UFL).
1.2.7 For instruments used for sensing the presence of oxygen, non-flammable toxic gases, and flammable gases
or vapor concentrations in air, this standard applies only to the portion of the instrument sensing the
flammable gases or vapor concentrations in air.
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FM APPROVALS 1
1.2.8 FM Approval is limited to instrument applications where: (a) calibration is performed using either the gas
to be monitored or another gas for which response conversion data appears in the instruction manual; and
(b) the instrument alarm set point is within 10% LFL of the calibration concentration of the gas to be
monitored, e.g. for an alarm set point value of 50% LFL, the calibration concentration must be between
40% LFL and 60% LFL.
NOTE 1: INSTRUMENT PERFORMANCE TESTING ON COMBUSTIBLE GAS DETECTORS
DURING A FM APPROVAL EXAMINATION IS CONDUCTED USING A SINGLE GAS, AS
SPECIFIED IN SECTION 3.9.
NOTE 2: IT IS THE RESPONSIBILITY OF THE INSTRUMENT MANUFACTURER TO
DEMONSTRATE THE VALIDITY OF RESPONSE CONVERSION DATA DURING THE APPROVAL
EXAMINATION PER SECTION 1.3.3.
1.3 Basis for Requirements
1.3.1 The requirements of this Standard are based on experience, research and testing, and/or the standards of
other national and international organizations. The advice of manufacturers, users, trade associations,
jurisdictions and/or loss control specialists has also been considered.
1.3.2 The construction, testing and marking required by this standard correspond, in general, to ISA S12.13.01,
Part I 2000, Performance Requirements, Combustible Gas Detectors.
1.3.3 The requirements of this standard reflect tests and practices used to examine characteristics of combustible
gas detectors for the purpose of obtaining FM Approval. These requirements are intended primarily as
guides, and strict conformity is not always mandatory. Combustible gas detectors having characteristics
not anticipated by this standard may be Approved if performance equal or superior to that required by this
standard is demonstrated, or if the intent of the standard is met. Alternatively, gas detectors which do meet
all the requirements identified in this standard may not be Approved if other conditions which adversely
affect performance exist or if the intent of this standard is not met.
1.4 Basis for FM Approval
FM Approval is based upon satisfactory evaluation of the product and the manufacturer in the following major
areas:
1.4.1 Examination and tests on production samples shall be performed to evaluate
the suitability of the product
the proper operation and performance of the product as specified by the manufacturer and required by
FM Approvals; and as far as practical,
the durability and reliability of the product.
1.4.2 An examination of the manufacturing facilities and audit of quality control procedures shall be made to
evaluate the manufacturers ability to produce a product identical to that which was examined and tested,
and the marking procedures used to identify the product. These examinations are repeated as part of
FM Approvals product follow-up program.
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1.5 Basis for Continued Approval
Continued Approval is based upon:
production or availability of the product as currently Approved;
the continued use of acceptable quality assurance procedures;
satisfactory field experience;
compliance with the terms stipulated in the Approval Agreement; and
examination of production samples for continued conformity to requirements.
Also, as a condition of retaining Approval, manufacturers may not change a product or service without prior
authorization by FM Approvals.
1.6 Effective Date
The effective date of an Approval standard mandates that all products tested for Approval after the effective date
shall satisfy the requirements of that standard. Products Approved under a previous edition shall comply with the
new version by the effective date or forfeit Approval.
The effective date of this Standard is January 1, 2005 for compliance with all requirements.
1.7 System of Units
Units of measurement in this standard are International System (SI) units. Appendix B lists conversion formulas
for equivalents in United States (U.S.) Customary units.
1.8 Applicable Standards
1.8.1 This standard is intended to be used in conjunction with FM Approval Standard 3600 which includes the
general requirements that apply to all types of protection for hazardous (classified) locations.
1.8.2 Any portion of a gas detection instrument that is intended for installation or use in a location where gas
or vapor concentration is to be detected shall be suitable for use in Class I, Division 1 or 2 or Class I, Zone
0, 1 or 2 hazardous locations in accordance with the group classification of the gas. See FM Approval
Standard 3600.
NOTE 1: IN ACCORDANCE WITH THE NATIONAL ELECTRICAL CODE

(ANSI/NFPA 70),
ONLY INSTRUMENTS WHICH UTILIZE INTRINSIC SAFETY (ia) CAN BE APPROVED FOR USE
IN CLASS I, ZONE 0. INSTRUMENTS WHICH UTILIZE FLAMEPROOF (d) EITHER ENTIRELYOR
IN CONJUNCTION WITH INTRINSIC SAFETY, CANNOT BE APPROVED FOR USE IN CLASS I,
ZONE 0.
1.9 Definitions
For purposes of this standard, the following terms apply:
1.9.1 Alarm: An audible, visual or physical presentation designed to alert the instrument user that a specific
level of combustible gas concentration has been reached or exceeded.
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FM APPROVALS 3
1.9.2 Alarm only instrument: An instrument providing an alarm(s), but which does not have an integral meter
or other readout device indicating current combustible gas concentration levels.
1.9.3 Alarm set-point: The selected gas concentration level(s) at which an indication, alarm, or other output
function is initiated.
1.9.4 Calibration: The act of adjusting an instrument to zero and setting the desired span. This procedure
is repeated frequently by the instrument user and included in certain tests called for in this standard. It
verifies that the response of an instrument to a known gas concentration is within performance require-
ments of this standard. This may necessitate adjustment of zero, span, and alarm set point.
1.9.5 Calibration gas concentration: The concentration of the combustible gas in ambient air used to set the
instrument span or alarm set point.
1.9.6 Clean air: Air that is free of combustible gases, vapors or contaminating substances.
1.9.7 Class 6310: FM Approvals designation for all portable gas detectors.
1.9.8 Class 6320: FM Approvals designation for all stationary gas detectors.
1.9.9 Combustible gas: Any flammable gas or vapor that, in sufficient concentration by volume in air, can
become the fuel for an explosion or fire hazard. Materials that cannot produce sufficient gas or vapor to
form a flammable mixture at ambient or operating temperatures and mists formed by the mechanical
atomization of combustible liquids are NOT considered to be combustible gases.
NOTE: FOR CONVENIENCE, THE SHORTER TERM GAS MAY BE USED AS AN
ABBREVIATION FOR COMBUSTIBLE GAS OR VAPOR WITHIN THIS DOCUMENT.
1.9.10 Control unit: That portion of a gas detection instrument that is not directly responsive to the combus-
tible gas, but which responds to the electrical signal obtained from one or more detector heads. This unit
produces the output function when such gas is present at the detector head location.
1.9.11 Detector head: The gas responsive portion of a gas detection instrument located in the area where
sensing the presence of gas is desired. It may be integral with or removed from its control unit.
NOTE: THE DETECTOR HEAD MAY INCORPORATE, IN THE SAME HOUSING, CIRCUITRY
SUCH AS SIGNAL PROCESSING AND AMPLIFYING COMPONENTS IN ADDITION TO THE
GAS SENSING ELEMENT (SENSOR).
1.9.12 Diffusion: A method by which an atmosphere being monitored gains access to the gas sensing element
by nature of molecular movement or natural convection.
1.9.13 Flammable range: The range of flammable vapor concentrations or gas-air mixtures in which propa-
gation of flame will occur on contact with a source of ignition.
NOTE 1: THE TERMS LOWER FLAMMABLE LIMIT (LFL) AND LOWER EXPLOSIVE
LIMIT (LEL) ARE DEEMED TO BE SYNONYMOUS. THE TERMS UPPER FLAMMABLE
LIMIT (UFL) AND UPPER EXPLOSIVE LIMIT (UEL) ARE DEEMED TO BE SYNONYMOUS.
FOR EASE OF REFERENCE, THE TWOABBREVIATIONS LFL AND UFL ARE USED HERE-
INAFTER TO DENOTE THESE TWO SETS OF TERMS. IT SHOULD BE RECOGNIZED THAT
PARTICULARAUTHORITIES HAVING JURISDICTION MAYPREFER THE USE OF ONE OF THE
SETS OF TERMS AND NOT THE OTHER.
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NOTE 2: THE ACTUAL GAS CONCENTRATION CORRESPONDING TO THE LOWER
FLAMMABLE LIMIT OF THE SPECIFIC GAS SHALL BE THE VALUE SHOWN FOR THAT GAS
IN THE LATEST EDITION OF NATIONALLY RECOGNIZED DOCUMENTS, FOR EXAMPLE,
NATIONAL FIRE PROTECTION ASSOCIATION (NFPA) 325, FLAMMABILITY CHARACTERIS-
TICS OF COMBUSTIBLE GASES OR VAPORS.
1.9.14 Full-scale gas concentration: The gas concentration that equals maximum scale indication.
1.9.15 Gas detection instrument: An assembly of electrical and mechanical components (either a single
integrated unit or a system comprised of two or more physically separate but interconnected component
parts) which senses the presence of combustible gas and responds by providing an indication, alarm, or
other output function.
NOTE: FOR CONVENIENCE, THE TERM INSTRUMENT IS USED AS AN ABBREVIATION
FOR GAS DETECTION INSTRUMENT WITHIN THIS DOCUMENT.
1.9.16 Gas-sensing element (sensor): The primary element in the gas detection system that responds to the
presence of a combustible gas including any reference or compensating unit, where applicable.
1.9.17 Latching alarms: Alarms that once actuated require intentional manual action to reset.
1.9.18 Mobile instrument: A continuously monitoring instrument mounted on a vehicle such as, but not
limited to, a mining machine or fork lift truck.
1.9.19 Portable, continuous-duty instrument: A battery-operated portable or transportable instrument
intended to operate continuously for 8 hours or more.
1.9.20 Portable, continuous-duty, personal instrument: Gas detection instrument refers to a battery-
operated, alarm only instrument intended to be operator-worn and to operate continuously for 8 hours or
more.
1.9.21 Portable, intermittent-duty instrument: A battery-operated portable or transportable instrument
intended for operation during periods of only a few minutes at irregular intervals.
1.9.22 Range: The operable concentration region of the instrument or a selected subdivision of that region.
1.9.23 Response conversion data: Information, supplied and explained in the instrument instruction manual,
enabling the instrument user to determine the concentration of the gas to be monitored that will produce
the same response as a known concentration of another gas used for calibration.
1.9.24 Sample draw: Method by which the atmosphere being monitored is made to flow to the gas sensing
element. This may involve a manual aspirator, an electrical pump or some other means.
1.9.25 Span: The algebraic difference between the upper and lower values of a range.
1.9.26 Stand-alone control unit: Control unit that is utilized with unspecified stand-alone detector head(s).
1.9.27 Stand-alone detector head: Detector head that is utilized with unspecified control apparatus. Such
instruments are intended to be interfaced to separate control unit, signal processing data acquisition,
central monitoring, or other similar systems in which the instrument provides a conditioned electronic
signal or output indication to systems of the aforementioned type that typically process information from
various locations and sources including, but not limited to, gas detection instruments.
1.9.28 Stationary instrument: A gas detection instrument intended for permanent installation in a fixed
location.
1.9.29 Zero: The lower calibration value, normally clean air.
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FM APPROVALS 5
2. GENERAL REQUIREMENTS
2.1 Review of Documentation
During the initial investigation and prior to physical testing, the manufacturers specifications and details shall
be reviewed to assess the ease and practicality of installation and use.
If any of the manufacturers published claims exceed any of the test condition extremes described in Section 3,
the tests shall be conducted under the conditions for which the claims apply.
All claims not tested and verified by FM Approvals as part of the Approval investigation must be clearly
identified as such in the products installation and operation manual. Alternatively, the manufacturer may include
a section or appendix in the manual which clearly itemizes the specifications, features, functions and restrictions
included in the FM Approval.
2.2 Markings
2.2.1 In addition to the marking required for general-purpose equipment and by FM Approval Standard 3600,
the equipment shall be marked with the information required in this Section, which include the following:
Manufacturers name or trademark and address
Specific model designation and serial number
Instruments ratings (voltage, frequency, current or power, etc.)
Instruments operating ambient temperature range
Hazardous location information
FM Approval Mark. The word APPROVED associated with the Mark may be supplemented as
follows:
APPROVED
FOR PERFORMANCE AND
HAZARDOUS (CLASSIFIED) LOCATIONS
2.2.2 The model or type identification shall correspond to the manufacturers catalog designation and shall
uniquely identify the product as Approved.
2.2.3 The FM Approval Mark shall be displayed visibly on the product and/or packaging as appropriate. The
manufacturer shall not use this Mark on any other product unless such product is covered by separate
agreement with FM Approvals.
2.2.4 All markings shall be legible and durable.
2.2.5 The marking required in 2.2.6 and 2.2.7 shall appear in a clearly legible, visible, and permanent manner
on each gas detection instrument in the following manner, as applicable:
a) For portable instruments, the marking shall appear both on the outside surface of the instrument and
on its carrying case, if the latter obscures the marking as required in 2.2.6. and 2.2.7.
b) For stationary instruments, the marking required in 2.2.6 shall appear in a location where it will be
visible after installation and in direct sight during the routine periodic re-calibration and adjustment of set
point(s).
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NOTE 1: For gas detection instruments that comprise a control unit and remote detector head(s), it is
sufficient that this marking appear on the control unit only, except if routine re-calibration can be
accomplished entirely by adjustments at the remote detector locations alone, this marking shall appear both
on the control unit and on the remote detector head.
NOTE 2: For modular control units comprising one or more control modules in a common enclosure or
mounting assembly, the marking need not be repeated on each module, but may appear as a single marking
on the common portion of the assembly.
NOTE 3: Where the design of a stationary control unit is such that there is insufficient space for this
marking to appear on the portion of the unit that is visible after installation (e.g., compact designs for close
panel mounting), the marking required by 2.2.6 is permitted to appear elsewhere on the control unit,
provided that a second duplicate label (with an acceptable adhesive) bearing such marking is supplied with
each such control unit (or assembly of control units), together with the instructions that it is to be attached
by the user in a conspicuous location after installation, as close as possible to the control unit.
2.2.6 All gas detection instruments shall be marked:
CAUTION READ AND UNDERSTAND INSTRUCTION MANUAL BEFORE OPERATING OR
SERVICING.
The word CAUTION of the foregoing shall be in capital letters at least 3.0 mm high. The balance of
the wording shall be in capital letters at least 2.5 mm high.
2.2.7 Portable gas detection instruments having scales that indicate gas concentrations only below the
flammable range shall be marked:
CAUTION OFF-SCALE READINGS MAY INDICATE EXPLOSIVE CONCENTRATION.
The word CAUTION of the preceding marking shall be in capital letters at least 3.0 mm high. The
balance of the wording shall be in capital letters at least 2.5 mm high.
2.2.8 Instruments of the type referred to in Section 2.4.5.3 that are not intrinsically safe shall be marked:
CAUTION THIS AREA MUST BE KNOWN TO BE FREE OF FLAMMABLE CONCENTRA-
TIONS PRIOR TO OPENING THE ENCLOSURE
The wording shall be in capital letters at least 5.0 mm high and marked in a permanent manner. The
marking shall be conspicuously visible prior to removal of the cover.
2.2.9 Where the design of special features of the instrument requires additional markings or a change in marking
requirements, the additions or revisions are allowed, but the safety and instructional intent of this Section
(2.2) must be met.
2.3 Manufacturers Installation and Operation Manuals
2.3.1 Each gas detection instrument shall be provided with an instruction manual, furnished by the manufacturer.
The instruction manual shall contain clear and precise instructions for safe and proper operation,
installation and periodic servicing of the instrument. The requirements of Sections 2.3.2 and 2.3.3 shall be
included as applicable. Where the design or special nature of the instrument requires additional instruc-
tions that are in contradiction of, or in addition to, the requirements of Sections 2.3.2 and 2.3.3, this
consideration may take precedence over these requirements. Instructions shall be consistent with the
markings required in Section 2.2.
2.3.2 The following requirements shall be incorporated in the manufacturers instruction and operation manuals:
2.3.2.1 Alist of desensitizing or contaminating gases or substances known to the instrument manufacturer
which may adversely affect proper operation of the instrument. Warning as to the effects, if any,
of oxygen-enriched or oxygen-deficient atmospheres shall also be included.
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FM APPROVALS 7
2.3.2.2 Instructions of maintenance and calibration on a routine basis, following exposure of any of the
contaminants referred to in 2.3.2.1 above and following exposure to concentrations causing
operation of any alarm.
2.3.2.3 Complete installation and initial start-up instructions.
2.3.2.4 A list of operating adjustments and instructions (e.g., alarm set point adjustment, zero and span
adjustments, etc.)
2.3.2.5 A list of instrument specifications to include as a minimum: maximum and minimum storage
limits of all parts of the instrument, accuracy, response, response times, voltage range for line
powered instruments (nominal voltage may be specified but the range must also be included), and
humidity and temperature operational limits for all parts of the instrument.
2.3.2.6 A list of operational limitations which include, as applicable, maximum length of lines, loop
resistance, and minimum wire size for wiring between the control unit and remote detector heads
(s) needed for shielding of wiring, characteristics of nonlinear meters or indicators, warm-up time,
air velocity limitations, battery charging, battery life and temperature limitations, sensor life
limitation, pressure limits, sample-draw range of flow rates and lag times, sample-draw pressure
and tubing size, etc.
2.3.2.7 A statement to the user to be aware that extended exposure of a sensor to certain concentrations
of combustible gases in air may introduce stress to the sensor that could seriously affect its
performance and that calibration should be carried out and/or the sensor replaced after an alarm
due to indication of a high concentration.
2.3.2.8 For stationary and mobile sample-draw instruments, wording to provide for a clear indication that
suitable flow proving devices must be provided at the time of installation, if applicable.
2.3.2.9 Wording to provide for a clear indication of the nature and significance of all alarms and trouble
signals, duration of any time-limited or self-restoring alarms or signals, provisions which may be
made for silencing or resetting alarms, alarm tolerances and set point limitations, and an indication
of any alarm devices, outputs or contacts that are of the non-latching type, as applicable.
2.3.2.10 For sample-draw continuous-duty portable instruments that are not provided with integral flow
indicating devices, detailed instructions regarding one or more suitable techniques, not requiring
special instruments, which will ensure that sample lines are intact and that proper flow is
established.
2.3.2.11 For intermittent-duty portable gas detection instruments (of the catalytic detection type), wording
such as:
CAUTION ANY RAPID UPSCALE READING FOLLOWED BY DECLINING OR
ERRATIC READING MAY INDICATE A GAS CONCENTRATION BEYOND UPPER
SCALE LIMIT WHICH MAY BE FLAMMABLE
2.3.2.12 For intermittent-duty and continuous-duty portable gas detection instruments, wording such as:
CAUTION BEFORE EACH DAYS USAGE, SENSITIVITY MUST BE TESTED WITH A
KNOWN CONCENTRATION OF (specify gas) EQUIVALENT TO 25% TO 50% OF FULL-
SCALE CONCENTRATION
Also, wording on the action the user should take if after this test the indication is less than the
actual concentration.
2.3.2.13 For alarm only portable gas detection instruments, wording such as:
CAUTION BEFORE EACH DAYS USAGE, SENSITIVITY MUST BE TESTED ON A
KNOWN CONCENTRATION OF (specify gas) EQUIVALENT TO 5% LFL ABOVE THE
ALARM SET POINT OF THE INSTRUMENT. THE ALARM MUST BE ACTUATED
DURING THIS CHECK, OR CORRECTIVE ACTIVE TAKEN PER (specify adjustment
procedures)
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8 FM APPROVALS
2.3.2.14 For instruments provided with meters having scales only above or below the flammable range,
wording such as:
CAUTION OFF-SCALE READING IN EITHER DIRECTION MAY INDICATE A
FLAMMABLE CONCENTRATION
2.3.2.15 The type of calibration gas or vapor mixture to be used. If the instrument is designated to monitor
gases other than the one for which it is calibrated, include response conversion data with specific
instructions as to its use.
2.3.2.16 An evaluation procedure to determine the possible sources of malfunction and the corrective
action to be taken.
2.3.2.17 A listing of consumable or replacement parts, and recommendation of the storage type, envi-
ronment and installation instructions.
2.3.2.18 If more than one type of sensor is supplied by the manufacturer, include a list stating the specific
gas family or chemically similar gases for each sensor.
2.3.2.19 For instruments which provide measurement outputs (e.g., 4-20 mA signal), the instruction
manual shall provide graphs or other means to indicate the relationship between the input and the
output.
2.3.3 For stand-alone detector heads, specifications shall be supplied with the instrument that describe the
relationship of the gas concentration detected by the instrument, to the corresponding output signal or
indication. Such specifications shall be detailed to the extent that the accuracy of the output or signal
indication can be verified. As a minimum, the manufacturer shall provide data showing the relationship
between the output signal or indication of the instrument and gas concentrations corresponding to 0, 10,
25, 50, 75 and 100% of full-scale indication. Full-scale output shall be as specified by the manufacturer.
2.3.4 For stand-alone detector heads and instruments that provide measurement and alarm outputs
(e.g., 4-20 mA signal, relay contacts), the following shall appear in the instruction manual:
This Approval does not include or imply Approval of apparatus to which the subject instrumentation may
be connected. In order to maintain an FM Approved system, the apparatus to which this instrument is
connected, must also be Approved by FM Approvals.
2.3.5 For stand-alone control units, the following shall appear in the instruction manual:
This Approval does not include or imply Approval of gas detector heads or other apparatus to which the
subject instrument may connected. In order to maintain an FM Approved system, the measurement input
signal to which this instrument is connected must also be FM Approved.
2.3.6 Communication options
For instruments providing communications options that are not included in the Approval examination but
which comply with requirements of Section 3.3 (NOTE 2), the following shall appear in the instruction
manual:
As part of this Approval, it was verified that optional communication functions of this gas detection
instrument while operating at the maximum transaction rate do not adversely affect the gas detection
operation and functions of the instrument. This Approval, however, does not include or imply Approval
of the communications protocol or functions provided by the software of this instrument or of the
communications apparatus or software connected to this instrument.
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FM APPROVALS 9
2.4 Construction and Functions
2.4.1 General requirements
2.4.1.1 Gas detection instruments, their components, or remote detector heads specifically intended for
use in the presence of corrosive vapors or gases, or that may produce corrosive by-products as a
result of catalytic oxidation or other chemical process, shall be constructed of materials resistant
to or suitably protected against corrosion.
2.4.1.2 Portable instruments of the sample-draw type shall include the necessary sample-pumping
mechanism.
2.4.2 Meters, indicators and outputs
2.4.2.1 Stationary and continuous-duty portable gas detection instruments having an integral meter or
indicator to indicate gas concentrations shall employ a meter having sufficient resolution to permit
measurement with the precision required for the tests of Section 3.
2.4.2.2 Operational characteristics of nonlinear meters or indicators, when used, shall be stated in the
instruction manual.
2.4.2.3 Continuous-duty portable instruments of the sample-draw type shall incorporate a device to
indicate adequate flow, except that such an indicating device may be omitted provided that the
instruction manual contains detailed instructions as required by Section 2.3.2.10.
2.4.2.4 A means shall be provided to alert the user that a gas concentration in excess of the measuring
range of the instrument has been detected.
2.4.3 Alarm or output function
2.4.3.1 Alarm devices, output contacts, or signal outputs (if provided as part of stationary instruments or
continuous-duty portable instruments and intended to indicate a potentially flammable gas con-
centration) shall be of a latching-type requiring a deliberate manual action to reset. If two or more
set or alarm positions are provided, the lower may be non-latching.
NOTE: The latching requirement may be omitted or a defeating option permitted only when a
clear and prominent statement in the instruction manual specifies that the instrument shall be
connected to an auxiliary system which accomplishes the same purposes as latching
2.4.3.2 Alarm devices or signals of the non-adjustable alarm set-point type shall be set to operate at a gas
concentration not higher than 60% of the lower flammable limit. For alarm devices or signals of
the adjustable alarm set-point type, the means for adjustment shall not be capable of being set
higher than 60% of the lower flammable limit.
2.4.4 Trouble signals
2.4.4.1 A stationary or mobile gas detection instrument shall provide for a signal transfer or contact
transfer to produce a trouble signal if any of the following conditions occur:
a) instrument power failure;
b) loss of continuity in any one or more conductors to any remote detector head;
c) loss of continuity of any gas-sensing element; or
d) down scale indication (below zero) equivalent to 10% nominal LFL or more.
Such signal or contact transfer shall be independent of any other alarm or shutdown signal or
contact transfer.
2.4.4.2 Stationary and mobile sample-draw-type gas detection instruments shall be provided with flow-
proving devices (either integral or non-integral), which shall produce a trouble signal in the form
of a contact transfer or signal transfer if a loss of flow occurs.
6310, 6320 January 2001
10 FM APPROVALS
2.4.4.3 Continuous-duty, portable gas detection instruments shall be provided with an audible or visible
indication of low battery condition, and the nature and purpose of either shall be clearly explained
in the instruction manual.
2.4.4.4 If the manufacturer provides a mechanism that will disable alarm outputs for maintenance or
calibration purposes, that mechanism shall either trip the fault signal and produce a visual indi-
cation or provide a similar independent set of signals.
2.4.5 Controls and adjustments
2.4.5.1 All portable gas detection instruments shall be provided with means for facilitating calibration
checks and adjustments as required.
2.4.5.2 Calibration and alarm(s) setting shall be designed to discourage unauthorized or inadvertent
interference with the setting(s). Examples of acceptable methods include mechanical devices (such
as a cover requiring the use of a tool) and passwords (input by authorized users).
2.4.5.3 Fixed instruments housed in explosionproof or pressurized enclosures shall have all controls for
normal operation accessible from outside the enclosures. The controls for routine calibration may
be inside the enclosure, provided all of the following requirements are met:
a) The enclosure has a cover that can be readily opened or closed and that does not require
removal and replacement of bolts or other securing devices in order to open and re-close the
enclosure; and
b) All adjustments, switches, or controls that may be deliberately or accidentally operated during
the calibration procedure shall involve only circuits meeting requirements for nonincendive cir-
cuits: and
c) All un-insulated parts of circuits exceeding 30 V rms or 42.4 V peak or 60 Vdc and of circuits
30 V rms or less that are not Class 2 power limited (as defined by Article 725 of the National
Electrical Code

ANSI/NFPA 70) shall be protected from accidental contact by appropriate

mechanical guards or partitions; and
d) The enclosure shall be marked as described in Section 2.2.8.
2.4.5.4 Measurement indications and output signals (e.g., current loop, voltage, etc.) of stand-alone
detector heads must have the ability to be calibrated for zero and span, with or without the
presence of a control unit (use of simulated control unit input is satisfactory).
2.4.5.5 Measurement input signals (e.g., current loop, voltage, etc.) and indications of stand-alone control
units or systems must have the ability to be calibrated for zero and span, with or without the
presence of a detector head (use of simulated detector head output is satisfactory).
2.4.5.6 Auxiliary measurement output signals (e.g., 4-20 mA, voltage, etc.) provided with detector heads
or control units must have the ability to be individually calibrated for zero and span.
2.4.6 Batteries
2.4.6.1 Continuous-duty portable gas detection instruments with fresh or fully charged batteries shall be
capable of continuous non-alarming operation for a period of at least 8 h without replacing or
recharging batteries.
2.4.6.2 Intermittent-duty portable gas detection instruments with fresh or fully charged batteries shall be
capable of non-alarming operation at a duty cycle of 10 minutes (min) On and 10 min Off
for a period of 8 h (total cumulative On time of 4 hours) without replacing or recharging the
batteries. If the instrument is provided with a switch that must be manually held in the On
position for the duration of the measurement, the duty cycle shall be reduced to 2 min On and
18 min Off for a period of 8 h (total cumulative On time of 48 min).
January 2001 6310, 6320
FM APPROVALS 11
2.4.7 Enclosures
2.4.7.1 Instrument enclosures, including associated accessories, intended for outdoor use as specified by
the manufacturer shall be tested for such locations.
2.4.7.2 All parts of the instrument subjected to the combustible gas atmosphere to be monitored shall be
suitable for that location.
2.4.7.3 The effects of the tests required to verify the instruments suitability for specified locations (dust,
rain, hosedown, corrosion tests, etc.) shall be considered as part of performance tests in Section 3.
2.5 Test Equipment Calibration
All examinations and tests performed in evaluation to this Standard shall use calibrated measuring instruments
traceable and certified to acceptable national standards.
3. PERFORMANCE REQUIREMENTS
3.1 General
a) The tests required in this section are in addition to the requirements of applicable standards referred to in
Section 1.8.
NOTE: Examination and tests required in applicable standards in Section 1.8 shall be satisfactorily completed
prior to the start of tests required in this section and any modifications or changes resulting from those
requirements shall be incorporated in the instruments under test.
b) The instruments tested shall be fully representative of instruments intended for commercial production.
c) Unwarranted or false alarms shall be considered failure of the tests described below.
d) All output indications and signals, not directly scaled in %LFL, shall be converted to the applicable %LFL
concentration readings. The converted value(s) shall be used for determination of all deviations from standard
requirements. For example, the conversion of a 4-20mAoutput to %LFL concentration shall be performed using
the following formula:
I
m
4
Measurement (%LFL) = Full-scale
16
[ ]
Where: I
m
is the measured 4-20 mA loop current in mA
Full-scale is the instruments maximum range value
e) Tests shall be conducted with all equipment installed as intended for use.
f) For multiple gas sensing instruments, all unwarranted (false) alarms which require re-setting, re-adjusting,
etc., to continue combustible gas detection tests shall be considered a failure.
6310, 6320 January 2001
12 FM APPROVALS
3.2 Samples and Sequence
One previously untested instrument including all optional or accessory parts to be used on the final Approved
instrument shall be subjected to all tests applicable to that instrument type as described in the following sections.
The instrument tested shall be fully representative of instruments intended for commercial production. The same
instrument shall be subjected to all tests applicable to that type of instrument described in Sections 3.6 through
3.19. The sequence of tests shall correspond to the order of these sections.
EXCEPTION: The tests described in Sections 3.11 through 3.16 (i.e., temperature, step change, humidity, air
velocity, supply voltage, and EMI) may be performed at any time after the test described in Section 3.10, but
before the test described in Section 3.17.
NOTE: For stationary or continuous-duty instruments of the sample-draw-type, air velocity variation testing
may not be applicable.
3.3 Preparation of instrument
The instrument selected for testing shall be prepared as if for actual service, including all necessary intercon-
nections and initial adjustments, in accordance with the manufacturers instruction manual.
NOTE 1: For instruments having remote detector heads, all tests shall be performed with resistors (with
temperature coefficients similar to those of the recommended interconnecting conductors) connected in the
detector circuit to simulate the maximum line resistance specified by the instrument manufacturer, except where
minimum line resistance offers a more stringent test.
NOTE 2: For instruments having serial or parallel communications options, tests in Sections 3.9, 3.10, 3.12,
3.15, 3.16 and 3.18 shall be performed with all communications ports connected to apparatus which initiates the
maximum transaction rate and activity level specified by the instrument manufacturer. Special apparatus may be
used to simulate the communications activity and must be provided by the manufacturer. (See Section 2.3.6)
NOTE 3: For instruments that are part of a system evaluated for Approval, tests in Sections 3.9, 3.10, 3.12, 3.15,
3.16 and 3.18 shall be performed with the maximum system communications transaction rate and activity level
which would result from the largest and most complex system configuration. Special apparatus may be used to
simulate the system activity and must be provided by the manufacturer.
3.4 Conditions for test and test area
3.4.1 Voltage
Except as otherwise indicated herein, all tests shall be performed at the nominal system voltage and
frequency marked on the equipment, or, if applicable, with fresh or fully charged batteries.
3.4.2 Ambient temperature
Except as otherwise indicated herein, tests may be performed at conveniently available room ambient
temperatures in the range of 18C to 30C.
3.4.3 Humidity
Except as otherwise indicated herein, tests may be performed in ambient air having a relative humidity of
any convenient value in the range of 30 to 70%.
January 2001 6310, 6320
FM APPROVALS 13
3.4.4 Room air circulation
Except as otherwise indicated herein, tests are to be performed in relatively still air (not more than 1 meter
per second [m/s]) except for those currents that may be induced by convection due to the natural heating
of the equipment under test or caused by air-moving devices that are part of the equipment under test. It
should be noted that the output indication may differ under conditions of a stagnant sample (sample
velocities of 0.1 m/s or less).
3.4.5 Removal of parts
For purposes of the tests in Sections 3.7 through 3.18, where reference is made to exposing the sensing
head to specified gas mixtures or to other specified conditions, in the case of remote detector heads, the
entire head, including all normally attached diffusion devices or protective mechanical parts, shall be so
exposed.
3.4.6 Multiple detector heads
For stationary, mobile, or continuous-duty portable gas detection instruments intended to be used with
more than one remote detector head, for tests that call for the exposure of the remote detector head to a
specified test gas or other specified set of conditions, only one detector head shall be so exposed. Dummy
electrical loads (e.g., fixed resistors) may be substituted for additional heads but if additional heads are
used, all other heads shall be exposed to normal, clean air and normal conditions for tests as described in
Sections 3.4.2 through 3.4.4.
3.4.7 Re-calibration or adjustment
The instrument under test may be adjusted or re-calibrated prior to the start of each test described in
Sections 3.8 and 3.10 through 3.18. However, no further adjustments or re-calibration shall be carried out
for the duration of that test except where specifically permitted by the particular test procedure.
3.4.8 Stabilization time
For the tests in Sections 3.11, 3.13, 3.14, and 3.15, each time the instrument is subjected to a different test
condition, the instrument shall be allowed to stabilize under these new conditions (see note below) before
measurements are taken for comparison purposes.
NOTE: An instrument shall be considered to be stabilized when three successive observations of the
indication taken at 5-min intervals indicate no significant change.
3.4.9 Instruments having alarms only
Instruments having alarms only do not have any meter or other output indication that can be compared
before and after the tests described in Section 3. For purpose of the test, the alarm set point shall be set
at 20% LFL and a tolerance of 5% LFL applied for all tests.
3.4.10 Stand-alone gas detection instruments for use with separate control units
3.4.10.1 General
Section 3.4.10 includes instruments that provide a conditioned electronic signal or output
indication intended to be used with separate signal processing, data acquisition, central moni-
toring or other similar systems which typically process information from various locations and
sources including, but not limited to, gas detection instrumentation.
6310, 6320 January 2001
14 FM APPROVALS
3.4.10.2 Transfer function specification
A specification shall be supplied with the instrument that describes the relationship of the gas
concentration, detected by the instrument, to the corresponding output signal or indication
(transfer function). Such specification shall be detailed to the extent that the accuracy of this
transfer function can be verified. As a minimum, the manufacturer shall provide data showing
the relationship between the output signal and the gas concentrations corresponding to 0, 10%,
25%, 50%, 75% and 100% of full scale output indication. Full scale output shall also be as
specified by the manufacturer.
3.4.10.3 Provision for transfer function verification
Where necessary, equipment shall be provided by the manufacturer to interpret the output signal
or indication which will enable the accuracy of the transfer function to be verified.
3.4.11 Separate control units for use with stand-alone gas detection instruments
3.4.11.1 General
Section 3.4.11 includes those instruments to be used with stand-alone gas detection instruments
(as defined in Section 3.4.10) to complete a performance evaluated combustible gas detection
system.
3.4.11.2 Tests
The control units shall be tested to the requirements of Sections 3.6, 3.8, 3.9, 3.10, 3.11, 3.15,
3.16 and 3.19 using the parameters of the transfer function pertinent to the specific type of gas
detector.
3.5 Selectable gas/range instruments
3.5.1 For instruments having more than one selectable range or scale for the same gas, the tests in Sections 3.8
and 3.10 through 3.18 shall be performed with the instrument operating at both the least and most sensitive
ranges, except that if the most sensitive range has a full scale equal to or less than 25% of the LFL, the
performance shall be that specified by the manufacturer in the instruction manual. If the manufacturer does
not state the performance characteristics of the most sensitive scale where it is 25% of LFL or less, the
performance shall be the same as for the least sensitive range.
3.5.2 For instruments having selectable ranges employing different detecting means, all of these tests shall be
performed on each range.
3.5.3 For instruments having specific ranges or scales for different gases:
a) After only one vibration test performed per Section 3.8.2, the tests in Section 3.8.3 shall be repeated
at each selectable range for each gas.
b) The tests in Sections 3.11 through 3.19 shall be repeated at each selectable range for each gas.
3.6 Un-powered preconditioning storage
Prior to tests in Sections 3.9 through 3.19, all parts of the combustible gas detection instrument shall be exposed
sequentially to the following conditions:
a) Temperature of -35C for 24 h
b) Ambient temperature and humidity for at least 24 h
c) Temperature of +55C for 24 h
d) Ambient temperature and humidity for at least 24 h
January 2001 6310, 6320
FM APPROVALS 15
3.7 Drop test
3.7.1 This test is applicable only to portable instruments
3.7.2 While in the operating mode, the instrument (less any removable case) shall be released from a height of
1 m above a concrete surface and allowed to free-fall.
3.7.3 The test required in Section 3.7.2 shall be performed three separate times, each time released with a
different surface, edge or corner of the instrument facing down at the time of release.
3.7.4 The instrument shall be considered to fail this test if it is inoperative after the test.
NOTE: Failures resulting from this test may not become apparent until subsequent tests are conducted.
3.7.5 For the tests in Section 3.7, multi-range instruments need to be tested only on one range.
3.8 Vibration
3.8.1 Apparatus
The vibration test machine shall consist of a vibrating table, capable of producing a vibration of variable
frequency and variable constant excursion (or variable constant acceleration peak) with the instrument
under test mounted in place, as required by the test procedure described in Section 3.8.2.
3.8.2 Procedures
The remote detector head, the control unit, and all portable instruments shall be mounted on the vibration
test machine and vibrated successively in each of three mutually perpendicular directions, respectively
parallel to the edges of the instrument. The instrument shall be mounted on the vibration table in the same
manner and position as intended for service using any resilient mounts, carrier, or holding devices that are
provided as a standard part of the instrument.
The instrument shall be vibrated over a frequency range of 10 Hz to 30 Hz at a total excursion of 0.5 mm
for a period of 1 hour in each of three mutually perpendicular directions. The rate of change of frequency
shall not exceed 100 Hz/min. This test procedure shall apply to the remote detector head, the control unit,
and all portable instruments.
3.8.3 Test criteria
The instruments shall not give any false alarms; there shall be no loose components or damage to the
enclosure that could cause a hazard, and, when tested with clean air and the initial calibration mixture, the
reading shall be accurate within 5% of full-scale gas concentration after this test. In lieu of the test criteria
above, instruments incorporating alarms only shall be actuated by a 24- to 26-% LFL test gas mixture but
not be actuated by a 14- to 16-% LFL test gas mixture after this test.
3.9 Calibration
The instrument shall be calibrated for testing in accordance with this standard using manufacturers calibration
fixture and specified calibration procedures. The calibration gas shall be a nominal 50% of the instruments
full-scale gas concentration. The combustible gas to be used shall be as follows:
Methane for instruments intended for sensing methane specifically, or intended for general-purpose
combustible gas detection (including detection of methane)
6310, 6320 January 2001
16 FM APPROVALS
Propane for instruments intended for general-purpose combustible gas detection that excludes methane
The actual specific gas or a representative gas for instruments intended for sensing a specific combustible
gas or a specific family of chemically similar combustible gases
NOTE 1: When instruments can be used for detecting more than one combustible gas by changing only the
gas-sensing element, then only those tests as described in Sections 3.8, 3.9, 3.10, 3.11, 3.12, 3.13, 3.14, 3.17, and
3.18 need to be repeated for the second and subsequent gases. Methane shall be tested first if a methane-
sensing element is supplied by the manufacturer.
NOTE 2: Unless otherwise indicated herein, the manufacturers calibration device is to be used to supply the
gas mixture to the gas-sensing element for the tests described in the paragraphs that follow. However, the
instruments response utilizing this method and the instruments intended method of gas monitoring, if different,
shall first be established.
NOTE 3: Gas mixtures having the same concentrations as those used for tests in Section 3.9 are used for various
other tests described in the paragraphs that follow. For ease of reference, such gas mixtures will hereafter be
referred to simply as the initial calibration gas mixture.
3.10 Accuracy
3.10.1 All test gas concentrations shall be known to a tolerance of 2% of %LFL value.
3.10.2 The sensing head shall be exposed to five gas concentrations falling in each of the following ranges: 9
to 11%, 24 to 26%, 49 to 51%, 74 to 76%, and 98 to 100% of the full-scale gas concentration. In each
case, the concentration indicated by the meter or output signal shall not vary from the known test gas
concentration by more than 3% of full-scale gas concentration or 10% of applied gas concentration,
whichever is greater.
NOTE: As part of this test, alarm functions shall be verified to actuate within 5%LFL when respec-
tive set-point values are crossed. Set-points may be set at convenient values over the instrument range
3.10.3 For instruments having alarms only, testing shall verify that each alarm 1) actuates on exposure to
gas-air mixtures whose concentrations are at the upper tolerance limit for alarm actuation; and 2) does
not actuate on exposure to mixtures whose concentrations are below the lower tolerance limit. (See
Section 3.4.9.)
3.11 Temperature
This test shall be performed in a temperature chamber with the capability of holding the apparatus at the
specified temperature within 2C. When the apparatus (or the portion under test) has reached the temperature
specified in this section, as appropriate, the gas sensing element (sensor) shall be exposed sequentially to air
and the standard test gas, which shall be at the same temperature as the atmosphere in the test chamber. The
dew point of the air or the standard test gas shall be below the lowest temperature of the test chamber and kept
constant during the test.
The variation of the indication from that at +20C, over the specified temperature ranges, shall not exceed the
following:
a) for portable or transportable apparatus where the control unit and sensor are used in the same general
environment, the variation over the temperature range -10C to +40C shall not exceed 5% of the measuring
range or 10% of the indication, whichever is greater. Tests shall be carried out at temperatures of -10C, +20C
and +40C;
January 2001 6310, 6320
FM APPROVALS 17
b) for fixed apparatus with remote sensors or detector heads, where the control unit and the detector head or
sensor are not used in the same general environment, the following temperatures shall be applied:
1) Sensors or detector heads
With the control unit under normal ambient test conditions, the sensor or detector head shall be tested in
air and in the standard test gas at -25C and +55C. The variation shall not exceed 10% of the measuring
range or 20% of the indication, whichever is greater.
2) Control units
With the sensor or detector head under normal ambient test conditions, the variation at +5C and +55C
shall not exceed 5% of the measuring range or 10% of the indication, whichever is greater;
c) for fixed apparatus with sensors or detector heads and control units in the same general environment, the
variation at -10C and +55C shall not exceed 5% of the measuring range or 15% of the indication,
whichever is greater.
3.12 Step change response
3.12.1 Beginning in clean air, the gas-sensing element shall be suddenly exposed to a prepared mixture of
gas-in-air having a concentration corresponding to 100% of full-scale gas concentration. From the
instant of exposure to this gas mixture, the instrument shall respond to provide an indication of 60% of
full-scale gas concentration within 12 s.
NOTE: For sample-draw-type instruments, the above time does not include the transport time required
for the gas sample to reach the instrument from a remote sampling point. For manually aspirated
instruments without a sampling line, the time is to be measured from the time of starting the first manual
aspiration.
3.12.2 When instruments incorporating alarms only are tested, and when optional readout capability is not
offered, the following clause shall be substituted for Section 3.12.1:
Beginning in clean air, the gas-sensing element shall be suddenly exposed to a 100% LFL gas-air
mixture. An alarm set to 20% LFL of the mixture shall respond within 10 s of exposure to the step
change.
3.13 Humidity variation
The instrument shall first be calibrated; then the gas-sensing element shall be exposed to the initial calibration
gas mixture at a relative humidity of 50% for 2 h. Next the gas sensing element shall be exposed for 2 h to the
calibration gas mixture to which water vapor has been added to raise the relative humidity to a final value of
90%. The sensing head shall then be exposed for 2 h to the calibration gas mixture having a relative humidity
of 10%. The meter or output indications during these exposures shall not vary from the 50% relative humidity
exposure indication by more than 10% of full-scale concentration.
For instruments incorporating alarms only, the alarm shall not be actuated by 14 to 16% LFL test gas, but shall
be actuated by 24 to 26% LFL test gas while exposed to both humidity extremes.
NOTE: Relative humidity values are to be accurate within 5 relative humidity percentage points.
6310, 6320 January 2001
18 FM APPROVALS
3.14 Air velocity variation
3.14.1 The instrument shall be calibrated first with the gas-sensing element exposed to a still (ref.
Section 4.4.4) mixture of the initial calibration gas. It shall then be exposed to the initial calibration gas
mixture in motion so as to impinge on the gas-sensing element with a velocity of 5 0.5 m/s. The meter
or output indication during exposures to the mixture in motion shall not vary from that observed during
exposure to the still gas mixture by more than +10% or -5% of full-scale gas concentration in the
orientation that causes the greatest deviation.
3.14.2 For instruments incorporating alarms only, the alarm shall not be actuated on 14 to 16% LFL test gas
but shall be actuated on 24 to 26% LFL test gas while exposed to the mixture in motion 5 0.5 m/s in
all orientations.
3.15 Supply voltage variation
3.15.1 For gas detection instruments intended for operation on ac power supply systems and with the gas-
sensing element exposed to the initial calibration gas mixture (see Section 3.9), the supply voltage shall
first be decreased to 85% of nominal line voltage and then increased to 110% of nominal line voltage.
NOTE: The method of causing these step changes in voltage shall simulate the effect of a heavy load
being added to or removed from the source of supply; i.e., there shall be no actual interruption of the
voltage supply during the voltage transition.
The variation in the meter or output indication from actual concentration shall not exceed 2% of
full-scale gas concentration. (See Section 3.4.8.)
3.15.2 For ac-powered instruments, incorrect functions shall not occur when the primary power is applied or
removed.
NOTE: For test purposes, gas detection instruments intended for operation from an external ac power
source shall be subjected to momentary power interruptions of approximately 0.5 s and 5 s.
During this test, the detector head shall be exposed to clean air (see Sections 3.4.2 to 3.4.4), and alarms
set in the same manner as for Section 3.15.3.
3.15.3 Gas detection instruments intended for operation from an external dc power source shall be subjected
to a step-change in supply voltage from nominal to 122.5% of nominal voltage, and from nominal to
87.5% of nominal voltage. During this test, the sensing head shall be exposed to clean air. (See Sections
3.4.2 through 3.4.4.) Adjustable alarms shall be set to operate at 10% of the LFL or 10% of full-scale
concentration, whichever is lower, or at the lowest possible setting if this setting is greater. As a result
of this test, there shall be no instrument malfunction or actuation of the alarms that would falsely
indicate the presence of combustible gas. The test shall be repeated with the sensing head exposed to
90% of full scale concentration. As a result of this test, there shall be no malfunction or interruption of
the instrument alarms.
NOTE: The method of causing these step changes in voltage shall be such as to simulate the effect of
a heavy load being added to or removed from the source of supply; i.e., there shall be no actual
interruption of the voltage supply during the voltage transition.
3.15.4 For self-contained battery-operated instruments, the voltage variation shall correspond to the maximum
terminal voltage of a fresh or fully charged battery(ies) and the minimum recommended operating
voltage of that (those) battery(ies), as determined by a built-in battery-condition indicator. Intermittent-
duty portable instruments having provision for adjustment to compensate for battery voltage decline
may be so adjusted. (See Section 3.4.8.)
3.15.5 For instruments incorporating alarms only, the alarm shall be actuated by 24 to 26% LFL test gas, but
not 14 to 16% LFL test gas, while exposed to both voltage variation extremes.
January 2001 6310, 6320
FM APPROVALS 19
3.16 Electromagnetic Interference (EMI)
Following satisfactory completion of all the applicable tests of the preceding clauses, the stationary or mobile
instrument (including sensor, electronics, and interconnecting wiring) shall be subjected 1) while in an ener-
gized (operating) mode and 2) while in the position of normal calibration, to electromagnetic energy in the
frequency ranges of 150 to 170 MHZ and 450 to 470 MHZ, using frequency-modulated portable radio
transmitters (5 W input to the final amplifier) at a distance of 1 m away from the instrument (i.e., its sensor,
electronics, and interconnecting wiring).
Tests shall be conducted for both items 1) and 2) above, using a randomly selected frequency within each of
the two frequency ranges. These tests shall not cause the instrument to produce output changes of more than
10% of full scale or result in an incorrect instrument function.
Tests should be conducted following the manufacturers suggestions concerning wiring, shielding, and instal-
lation techniques as they pertain to electromagnetic interference.
3.17 Long-term stability
NOTE: Repeat applicable accuracy tests (Section 3.10) before performing the test under this section.
3.17.1 Stationary instruments
The gas-sensing element shall be consecutively subjected to the following sets of conditions for the
periods stated (Section 3.4.7):
a) Clean air at ambient temperature and humidity for six continuous days. (See Sections 3.4.2
and 3.4.3).
b) At the beginning of the seventh day, expose the gas-sensing element to the initial calibration gas
mixture for a period of 24 h. Within 5 min after start of the test, the indicated concentration shall be
noted and shall not deviate from the actual calibration gas concentration by more than 10% of full scale
for the remainder of the 24 h.
c) Repeat a) and b) a total of four consecutive times (total of 28 days). Just prior to the end of the 14
th
and 28
th
days, while the gas-sensing element is still exposed to the initial calibration gas mixture, the
indicated concentration shall be noted and shall not deviate from the actual calibration gas concentration
by more than 10% of full scale.
NOTE: Following the deviation check at the end of the 14
th
and 28
th
days, the instrument may be
zeroed and re-calibrated.
d) Expose the gas-sensing element to clean air at ambient temperature and humidity for 24 h. At the end
of this period, the gas-sensing element shall be exposed to the initial calibration gas mixture, and the
indicated concentration observed after 5 min shall not deviate from the actual gas concentration by more
than 10% of full scale.
NOTE: Following the deviation check at the end of d), the instrument may be zeroed and re-calibrated
prior to the final accuracy test of e).
e) Immediately after completing d) (total elapsed time for tests a) through d) is 29 days), repeat the
accuracy test procedure in Section 4.10, except that the maximum allowable deviation shall not vary
from the known test gas concentration by more than 4% full-scale gas concentration or 12% of the
applied gas concentration, whichever is greater.
6310, 6320 January 2001
20 FM APPROVALS
3.17.2 Continuous-duty portable instruments
The instrument shall be consecutively subjected to the following sets of conditions for the periods stated
(see Section 3.4.7):
a) The gas-sensing element shall be exposed to clean air at ambient temperature and humidity for six
cycles of operation, each cycle consisting of 8 h with the instrument On, followed by 16 h with the
instrument Off (total elapsed time of 24 h per cycle).
b) At the beginning of the seventh day, the gas-sensing element shall be exposed to the initial cali-
bration gas mixture for a period of 8 h with the instrument On, following which it shall be exposed
to clean air at ambient temperature and humidity with the instrument Off for a period of 16 h. The
indicated concentration shall be noted over a period of 5 min and shall not deviate from the actual
calibration gas concentration by more than 10% of full scale.
c) Repeat a) and b) a total of four consecutive times (total elapsed time of 28 days).
d) The gas-sensing element shall be subjected to clean air at normal ambient temperature and normal
humidity for an additional period of 6 h with the instrument On.
e) Immediately after completing d) (total elapsed time for test a) through d) is 28 days and 6 h), repeat
accuracy test procedure of 3.10, except that the maximum allowable deviation shall not vary from the
known test gas concentration by more than 4% of full-scale gas concentration or 12% of the applied
gas concentration, whichever is greater.
1) In lieu of the accuracy tests above, instruments incorporating alarms only shall not be actuated
by exposure to a 14 to 16% LFL test gas mixture and shall be actuated by a 24 to 26% LFL test
gas mixture after completing d).
2) The test described in e) shall be performed immediately after the 6 h test of (d) and shall be
completed in not more than 2 h so that the total elapsed instrument On time for tests d) and e)
does not total more than 8 h.
NOTE 1: For instruments using replaceable (non-rechargeable) batteries, a suitable dc power supply
may be used or fresh batteries may be installed at the start of each of the 8 h On periods, except that
the actual batteries specified for the instrument shall be used for the first 8 h of a).
NOTE 2: For instruments using rechargeable batteries, the same rechargeable battery shall be used for
the entire test sequence of a). A suitable dc power supply may be used for the remainder of the test.
NOTE 3: Zero and span adjustments are permitted prior to each stipulated 8 h On period.
3.17.3 Intermittent-duty portable instruments
Intermittent-duty portable instruments provided with a switch that must be manually held in the On
position shall be subjected to the same test sequence and evaluation as described in Section 4.17.2,
except that each 8-h On period shall consist of 24 cycles of 10 min On and 10 min Off.
NOTE 1: Manually aspirated-type instruments shall be aspirated continuously during each 10-min
On period; alternatively, a vacuum pump having an equivalent flow may be utilized.
NOTE 2: Instruments having provisions for voltage adjustments to compensate for battery voltage
decline shall be adjusted as necessary during the above tests, including just prior to the final evaluation.
January 2001 6310, 6320
FM APPROVALS 21
3.18 Flooding with undiluted gas
3.18.1 The gas-sensing element of instruments other than the manually aspirated type shall be subjected to a
step change in gas concentration from 0% (clean air) to 100% gas-by-volume. The instrument shall
produce an output indication corresponding to a concentration of at least 60% of the lower flammable
limit or to full-scale concentration, whichever is lower, within 10 s of exposure to the 100% gas-by-
volume. (See Section 2.3.2.2)
3.18.2 Manually aspirated instruments shall be subjected to a test whereby, using the shortest possible sample
tube, they are aspirated at the rate that is recommended by the manufacturer with the sample inlet
connected to a source of 100% gas by volume. During this test, the instrument shall produce an output
indication corresponding to at least 60% of the lower flammable limit or to full scale, whichever is
lower, within 10 seconds.
NOTE 1: For sample-draw instruments of other than the manually aspirated type, the times given
above do not include the transport time required for the gas sample to reach the instrument from a
sampling point.
NOTE 2: For detection of vapors whose properties are such that the concentration, due to its vapor
pressure properties, cannot be obtained, another appropriate gas may be used for the tests in Sections
3.18.1 and 3.18.2.
3.18.3 During the tests of Sections 3.18.1 and 3.18.2, if the instrument is provided with audible or visible alarm
signal devices or alarm contacts, these shall be set to the 60% of lower flammable limit set point or to
the highest adjustable set point, whichever is lower, and shall be actuated as a result of these tests.
3.18.4 When instruments incorporating alarms only (without an optional readout capability) are tested, the
following shall be substituted:
Beginning with the gas-sensing element in clean air, it shall be subjected to a step change in gas
concentration from clean air to 100% gas-by-volume. An alarm set to 20% LFL of the mixture shall
respond within 10 s of exposure to the undiluted flooding condition.
3.19 Additional Tests
Additional tests may be required, at the discretion of FM Approvals, depending on design features and results
of any foregoing tests.
A re-test following a failure shall be acceptable only at the discretion of FM Approvals and with a technical
justification of the conditions or reasons for failure.
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22 FM APPROVALS
4. OPERATIONS REQUIREMENTS
4.1 Demonstrated Quality Control Program
4.1.1 A Quality Control Program is required to assure that each subsequent unit produced by the manufacturer
shall present the same quality and reliability as the specific samples examined. Design quality,
conformance to design, and performance are the areas of primary concern.
Design quality is determined during the examination and tests.
Conformance to design is verified by control of quality on the following areas:
existence of corporate quality control guidelines
incoming quality assurance, including testing
in-process quality assurance, including testing
final inspection and tests
equipment calibration
drawing and change control
packaging and shipping.
Quality of performance is determined by field performance and by re-examination and test.
4.1.2 The manufacturer shall establish a system of product configuration control to prevent unauthorized
changes, including, as appropriate:
engineering drawings
engineering change requests
engineering orders
change notices.
These shall be executed in conformance with a written policy and detailed procedures. Records of all
revisions to all Approved products shall be kept.
4.1.3. Changes to critical documents, identified in the Approval Report, must be reported to, and authorized by,
FM Approvals prior to implementation for production. The manufacturer shall assign an appropriate
person or group to be responsible to obtain FM Approvals authorization of all changes applicable to
Approved products. FM Approvals Form 797, Approved Product Revision Report or Address/ Contact
Change Notice is provided to notify FM Approvals of pending changes.
4.2 Facilities and Procedures Audit (F&PA)
4.2.1 An inspection of the product manufacturing facility shall be part of the Approval investigation. Its purpose
shall be to determine that the equipment, procedures, and manufacturers controls are properly maintained
to produce a product of the same design quality as originally verified.
4.2.2 Unannounced follow-up inspections shall be conducted to assure continued quality control and product
uniformity.
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FM APPROVALS 23
APPENDIX A
GENERAL INFORMATION
A-1 Approval Application Requirements
To apply for an Approval examination the manufacturer, or its authorized representative, should submit a request
to the Electrical Group Manager at FM Approvals, 1151 Boston-Providence Turnpike, PO Box 9102, Norwood,
MA 02062, U.S.A.
For the purposes of 1) assessing compliance of equipment with FM Approval requirements; 2) determining what
test samples will be required for the test and examination program; and 3) providing a means for design
modification control, the manufacturer shall submit documents which give a full and correct specification of the
critical construction aspects of the equipment. One copy (except as noted) of the following documentation as it
pertains to the Approval request should be assembled in an organized manner and submitted prior to scheduling
of the test program. All documents shall identify the following:
the manufacturers name,
document number or other form of reference number identification,
title, and
date of latest revision of document and/or the revision reference (i.e., number or letter indicating revision
level).
NOTE: TEST PROGRAMS WILL BE SCHEDULED ONLY UPON RECEIPT OF ALL THE
MATERIAL LISTED HEREIN.
NOTE: DRAWINGS IN A LANGUAGE OTHER THAN ENGLISH MAY REQUIRE PARTIAL
TRANSLATION FOR USE IN AN APPROVAL PROGRAM.
Marketing/Ordering Literature showing general specifications and functions of the equipment. These are
generally very useful in determining project costs and may also be used as attachments to the final report
for equipment Approval projects. Typically, one copy will be sufficient at the beginning of a program but
15 copies may be necessary for use as report attachments at the conclusion of the program.
Model Number Breakdown drawing or sales specification sheet showing all model variations and options
to be examined. Each model variation must have a unique means of identification.
Instruction Manual(s) providing installation, operation, and maintenance instructions.
Quality Control Procedures document(s) detailing routine testing and final inspection procedures.
Production Drawings
Electrical Schematic(s)
Final Assembly drawing and parts lists
Sub-assembly drawings or piece-part drawings/assembly drawings sufficient to detail primary circuit
components, operator controls, enclosure design, and safety interlocks.
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24 FM APPROVALS
Product label drawing(s) showing all required marking information. The label drawing should show
proposed artwork indicating the manufacturers name, address, model and serial numbers, equipment
ratings, warning markings, and the FM Approval mark.
Protective Grounding Detail drawing(s) showing the method of protective grounding provided, including
location, size, and marking.
Documentation Control Specification showing proposed method of controlling documents which may be
identified as Critical Documents by FM Approvals. These drawings will be identified by FM Approvals
at the conclusion of the Approval program. FM Approvals must be notified of changes to these docu-
ments via Form 797, Approved Product Revision Report.
Any Approval documents from other Nationally Recognized Testing Laboratories (NRTLs) or National
Certification Bodies (NCBs) needed to support an FM Approval process, i.e., component recognitions,
Listing reports, Certification reports, IEC/CB Scheme reports, IEC/CCA reports, etc.
A-2 Requirements for Samples for Examination
A-2.1 Following authorization of an Approval examination, the manufacturer will be required to submit samples
for examination and testing based on requirements to be determined by FM Approvals during the review
of the preliminary information.
A-2.2 Requirements for samples may vary depending on design features, results of prior or similar testing, and
results of any foregoing tests.
A-2.3 The manufacturer shall submit samples representative of production. Any decision to use data generated
utilizing prototypes is at the discretion of FM Approvals.
A-2.4 It is the manufacturers responsibility to provide any necessary test fixtures, such as those which may be
required to evaluate the subject apparatus.
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FM APPROVALS 25
APPENDIX B
UNITS OF MEASUREMENT
LENGTH: mm millimeters
inches = mm 0.03937
m meters
feet = m 3.2808
PRESSURE: kPa kilopascals
psi (pounds per square inch) = kPa 0.14504
bar bar
kPa = 100 bar
psi = bar 14.503
TEMPERATURE: C degrees Celsius
F (degree Fahrenheit) = (C 9/5) + 32
FLOW RATE: lpm liters per minute
ft
3
/min (cubic feet per minute) = lpm 0.035315
VELOCITY: m/s meters per second
ft/s (feet per second) = m/s 3.2808
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26 FM APPROVALS