1

Laboratory Instructor Guide

Lab 1: Computer Model Understanding Activity (paper and pencil)

Learning Objectives and Outcomes
The student is expected to demonstrate the ability to work with the von Neumann model of a
computer. To demonstrate this ability, the student will:
1. Draw a diagram of a computer from the von Neumann perspective, including definitions of
all parts of the model.
2. Provide examples of the Input, Output, and Memory sections of the model.
3. Provide a comparison table showing the similarities and differences between desktop and
notebook computers.

Required Setup and Tools
In this laboratory, students will need only paper and pencil to do the required work. However, the
use of a drawing program, such as Visio or the Drawing toolbar in Microsoft Word, is suggested for
drawing the von Neumann computer model.

Lab Solutions
The student should provide solutions similar to what is shown here.
Task 1:
Here is an example of the von Neumann model of the computer.
2

Memory
Output
Input
Control
Unit
Arithmetic
Logic
Unit
Accumulator
Central Processing Unit

Here are the functions of each component in the von Neumann model of the computer.
Component Function
Control Unit Control operations between all components of the computer.
Arithmetic Logic Unit Perform calculations using the accumulator.
Accumulator Store the result of the last calculation. Accumulators are
registers that store temporary numbers and can be hard-wired
to the logic unit. They were developed so that fewer bits could
be used for instructions and operands.
Memory Store program instructions and data.
Input Provide data to the computer from the user.
Output Display data to the user.

Task 2:
Here are typical input, output, and memory components.
Component Examples
Input Keyboard, mouse, microphone
Output Video display, speaker, printer
Memory Motherboard RAM, system BIOS ROM, hard disk, CD/DVD disk

3

Some devices are both input and output devices. These include modems, network adapters, and
expansion ports such as USB, FireWire, and PCMCIA slots.

Task 3:
Here are some similarities and differences between desktop and notebook computers.
Similarities Differences
Functionality: Both types of computers provide
the same functionality, including expansion
ports, CD/DVD drives, keyboards, mouse, audio
output, and video display.
Power Source: The desktop computer contains a
power supply that draws power from a wall
outlet and may provide hundreds of watts of
power to the system. The notebook computer
relies on a rechargeable battery for power when
not plugged in, which provides a lower power
than that of the desktop.
Software: Both types of computers can run the
same operating systems and application
programs.
Size: The desktop computer sits on a desk and is
not easily portable. The notebook computer sits
on the top of a table or in your lap and is easily
portable.
Power Saving: Both types of computers can
hibernate or sleep when not being used.
Components: The internal components of a
desktop computer are not designed for low-
power operation. This includes the CPU, which is
equipped with a large heat sink and fan. A
notebook computer contains low-power
components, including the CPU.
Vulnerability: Both types of computers are
vulnerable to malicious code if not properly
protected.
Communication: Notebook computers typically
have infrared ports and built-in video cameras
and microphones, whereas these devices are
add-ons for desktop computers.

Recommended Procedures
Task 1: Procedure
1. Draw the von Neumann model of a computer.
2. Provide definitions for each part of the von Neumann model.
4

Task 2: Procedure
1. Provide at least two examples of input, output, and memory devices found in a typical
computer.
2. Provide an example of a device that is both an input and output device.
Task 3: Procedure
1. Provide a comparison table showing the similarities and differences between Desktop and
notebook computers.

Deliverables
Your lab report will be a Microsoft Word document containing descriptions of the results obtained
in each step of the procedure for each task, including relevant tables and diagrams. Include any
paper or pencil diagrams with your document submission. Your report should be two to four pages
long. Include a header containing your name and the date on each page. Name the document
StudentName_Lab1.doc, replacing StudentName with your name. For example, Sue Jones would
name the document SueJones_Lab1.doc. Use Arial 12-point font and double line spacing.

Self-Assessment Checklist
I have reviewed the von Neumann material in Chapter 1.

I have reviewed the different type of computers described in Chapter 1.

I have followed the submission requirements:
File Format: Microsoft Word (.doc /.docx)
Length: 2-4 pages
Font: Arial 12-point
Line Spacing: Double