Angle

Definition: A shape, formed by two lines or rays diverging from a common point (the vertex).
Try this Adjust the angle below by dragging the orange dot.
Attributes
Vertex The vertex is the common point at which the two lines or rays are joined. Point B is the figure above
is the vertex of the angle ABC.
Legs The legs (sides) of an angle are the two lines that make it up. In the figure above, the lines
AB and BC are the legs of the angle ABC
Interior The interior of an angle is the space in the 'jaws' of the angle extending out to infinity.
Exterior All the space on the plane that is not the interior
Identifying an angle
An angle can be identified in two ways.
1. Like this: ABC
The angle symbol, followed by three points that define the angle, with the middle letter being the vertex,
and the other two on the legs. So in the figure above the angle would be ABC or CBA. So long as the
vertex is the middle letter, the order is not important. As a shorthand we can use the 'angle' symbol. For
example 'ABC' would be read as 'the angle ABC'.
2. Or like this: B
Just by the vertex, so long as it is not ambiguous. So in the figure above the angle could also be called
simply 'B'
Types of angle
Altogether, there are six types of angle as listed below. Click on an image for a full description of that type and a
corresponding interactive applet.


Acute angle
Less than 90
Right angle
Exactly 90
Obtuse angle
Between 90 and 180

Straight angle
Exactly 180
Reflex angle
Between 180 and 360
Full angle
Exactly 360

Shape
Dita Shavitri
Teknik Listrik 2E
Politeknik Negeri Malang
Bahasa Inggris tentang sudut dan bangun




Square
A 4-sided regular polygon with all sides equal and all internal angles 90
The square is probably the best known of the quadrilaterals. It is defined as having all sides equal, and its
interior angles all right angles (90). From this it follows that the opposite sides are also parallel.

A square is simply a specific case of a regular polygon, in this case with 4 sides. All the facts and properties
described for regular polygons apply to a square.
Attributes
Vertex The vertex (plural: vertices) is a corner of the square. Every square has four vertices.
Perimeter The distance around the square. All four sides are by definition the same length, so the perimeter
is four times the length of one side, or:
perimeter =4s
where s is the length of one side. See also Perimeter of a square.
Area Like most quadrilaterals, the area is the length of one side times the perpendicular height. So in a
square this is simply:
area =s
2

where s is the length of one side. See also Area of a square.
Diagonals Each diagonal of a square is the perpendicular bisector of the other. That is, each cuts the other
into two equal parts, and they cross and right angles (90).
The length of each diagonal is
s2
where s is the length of any one side.

For more on this see Diagonals of a square



Shape
Dita Shavitri
Teknik Listrik 2E
Politeknik Negeri Malang
Bahasa Inggris tentang sudut dan bangun
Circle
A line forming a closed loop, every point on which is a fixed distance from a center point.

A circle is a type of line. Imagine a straight line segment that is bent around until its ends join. Then arrange that
loop until it is exactly circular - that is, all points along that line are the same distance from a center point.
There is a difference between a circle and a disk. A circle is a line, and so, for example, has no area - just as a
line has no area. A disk however is a round portion of a plane which has a circular outline. If you draw a circle on
paper and cut it out, the round piece is a disk.
Properties of a circle
Center A point inside the circle. All points on the circle are equidistant (same distance) from the
center point.
Radius The radius is the distance from the center to any point on the circle. It is half the diameter.
See Radius of a circle.
Diameter The distance across the circle. The length of any chord passing through the center. It is twice
the radius. See Diameter of a circle.
Circumference The circumference is the distance around the circle. See Circumference of a Circle.
Area Strictly speaking a circle is a line, and so has no area. What is usually meant is the area of the
region enclosed by the circle. See Area enclosed by a circle .
Chord A line segment linking any two points on a circle. See Chord definition
Tangent A line passing a circle and touching it at just one point. See Tangent definition
Secant A line that intersects a circle at two points. See Secant definition
Pi
In any circle, if you divide the circumference (distance around the circle) by it's diameter (distance across the
circle), you always get the same number. This number is called Pi and is approximately 3.142.

Shape
Dita Shavitri
Teknik Listrik 2E
Politeknik Negeri Malang
Bahasa Inggris tentang sudut dan bangun
Triangle
A closed figure consisting of three line segments linked end-to-end.
A 3-sided polygon.

Triangle properties
Vertex The vertex (plural: vertices) is a corner of the triangle. Every triangle has three vertices.
Base The base of a triangle can be any one of the three sides, usually the one drawn at the bottom.
You can pick any side you like to be the base. Commonly used as a reference side for
calculating the area of the triangle. In an isosceles triangle, the base is usually taken to be the
unequal side.
Altitude The altitude of a triangle is the perpendicular from the base to the opposite vertex. (The base
may need to be extended). Since there are three possible bases, there are also three possible
altitudes. The three altitudes intersect at a single point, called the orthocenter of the triangle.
See Orthocenter of a Triangle.
In the figure above, you can see one possible base and its corresponding altitude displayed.
Median The median of a triangle is a line from a vertex to the midpoint of the opposite side. The three
medians intersect at a single point, called the centroid of the triangle. See Centroid of a
Triangle
Area See area of the triangle and Heron's formula
Perimeter The distance around the triangle. The sum of its sides. See Perimeter of a Triangle
Interior
angles
The three angles on the inside of the triangle at each vertex. See Interior angles of a triangle
Exterior
angles
The angle between a side of a triangle and the extension of an adjacent side. SeeExterior
angles of a triangle
Also:
1. The shortest side is always opposite the smallest interior angle
2. The longest side is always opposite the largest interior angle

Shape
Dita Shavitri
Teknik Listrik 2E
Politeknik Negeri Malang
Bahasa Inggris tentang sudut dan bangun
Terminology
It is usual to name each vertex of a triangle with a single capital (upper-
case) letter. The sides can be named with a single small (lower case) letter, and named after the opposite angle.
So in the figure on the right, you can see that side b is opposite vertex B, side c is opposite vertex C and so on.
Alternatively, the side of a triangle can be thought of as a line segment joining two vertices. So then side
b would be called AC. This is the form used on this site because it is consistent across all shapes, not just
triangles.