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Integrated Wide-Narrowband Antenna for

Multi-Standard Radio
Elham Ebrahimi, Student Member, IEEE, James R. Kelly, Member, IEEE, and Peter S. Hall, Fellow, IEEE

AbstractAn integration concept for multi-standard antennas

is described. This technique is based on utilizing a relatively large
antenna that is printed on the top side of a substrate, acting as a
ground for a smaller antenna. The smaller antenna is printed onto
the bottom side of the substrate. To validate this concept, an integrated wide-narrowband demonstrator antenna is presented. This
antenna is composed of a shorted microstrip patch integrated with
a coplanar waveguide (CPW) fed ultrawideband (UWB) antenna.
A prototype of the integrated antenna was fabricated and its performance was verified. This arrangement is a promising candidate
for applications where some level of reconfigurability is required.
For this reason, a set of external tuning circuits were designed to
demonstrate the potential of the proposed configuration for such
applications. In order to improve the isolation between the wideband and narrowband ports several modified arrangements were
presented and investigated.
Index TermsIntegrated antenna, multi-band antenna, reconfigurable antenna, shorted patch antenna, ultrawideband antenna.

I. INTRODUCTION
NTENNA design is becoming a bottleneck for wireless
mobile devices where multiple communication services
are integrated in the same platform. Today, a typical wireless
device might support multiple services such as GSM, DVB-H,
and GPS that all rely on a multi-band antenna [1][9]. Implementing multi-band antennas in a small terminal is challenging
due to the limited space and the need for low fabrication costs.
Accordingly, antennas used for such devices must also follow
the downsizing trend of the terminal unit. In particular, physically smaller built-in antennas are required for next generation
devices. Different techniques are documented to design multiband antennas [8], [9]. One method, which is widely used for
handset antennas, is the use of meandered metal segments. The
meandering is achieved by cutting slots into non-radiating edges
of the antenna. This effectively elongates the surface current
path on the antenna and increases the reactive loading, resulting
in another mode of operation at lower frequencies. However,
for non-resonating antennas that radiate over a wide frequency
range (e.g., ultrawideband (UWB) antennas) this technique is

not applicable. Another approach for designing multi-band antennas is to use a separate antenna for each operating mode [10].
In this method the antenna can either be formed of one radiating
structure with multiple ports, or a few separate antennas. This
technique often requires more space. Therefore, integrating several antennas into a limited space is practically challenging.
In order to efficiently use the space allocated for the antenna
in the wireless devices, a novel antenna integration technique is
introduced in this paper. We integrated a narrowband antenna
with a wideband antenna. The proposed structure is composed
of a shorted microstrip patch which is integrated with a coplanar
waveguide (CPW) fed UWB monopole antenna. A prototype of
the antenna has been fabricated and verified.
Tackling the challenge of limited space in small devices is indeed the main motivation of this approach. The concept which is
introduced here could be applied to a wide range of different antennas. However, considering the interest in dynamic and open
access spectrum in future networks is also a motivation for this
research. In recent years, the underutilization of the frequency
spectrum has inspired the use of reconfigurable radios concepts
such as cognitive radio (CR) [11]. A CR is capable of sensing the
spectrum and changing system parameters such as frequency,
transmitted power, or standard if required. Various antenna scenarios have been reported in the literature [12][15]. In one scenario a wideband antenna might be used for spectrum sensing
whilst a reconfigurable narrowband antenna is employed for
communication [13]. Tuning circuits can easily be integrated
with this antenna making it useful for both fixed and reconfigurable radio applications [15].
This paper is organized as follows. In Section II the integration method and design details are presented. Simulation and
measurement results are also reported and discussed. Three sets
of matching circuits have been designed to tune the antenna to
4 GHz, 8 GHz and 10 GHz. The matching circuit design and
results are discussed in Section III. The isolation between antenna ports is important in closely spaced antennas. Hence, in
Section IV, the antenna configuration is modified to reduce the
level of mutual coupling between the two ports.
II. THE INTEGRATED WIDE-NARROWBAND ANTENNA

Manuscript received October 28, 2010; accepted January 15, 2011. Date of
publication May 10, 2011; date of current version July 07, 2011. This work was
supported by EPSRC Grant EP/F017502/1.
E. Ebrahimi and P. S. Hall are with the Department of Electronics, Electrical
and Computer Engineering, The University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham B15 2TT, U.K. (e-mail: exe797@bham.ac.uk).
J. R. Kelly is with the Department of Electronic and Electrical Engineering,
The University of Sheffield, Sheffield S1 3JD, U.K.
Color versions of one or more of the figures in this paper are available online
at http://ieeexplore.ieee.org.
Digital Object Identifier 10.1109/TAP.2011.2152353

A. Integration Concept
We propose to use a printed antenna with a relatively large
metallization area as a ground plane for an additional antenna.
Depending on the application and the amount of available space,
it may be possible to use the first antenna as the coplanar ground
for the second antenna or the second antenna can be printed on
the reverse side of the substrate and, where necessary, it can be
galvanically connected to ground with a via. Taking into account

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that small portable devices require low profile antennas, printed

antennas can be good candidates for the proposed integration
technique. Therefore, we used a printed UWB monopole antenna and a shorted patch antenna.
In general, printed UWB monopoles are composed of two
major printed parts, namely the radiator and the ground plane.
The feeding system is either CPW or microstrip line [16], [17].
The impedance matching is optimized by the shaping of the radiator and controlling the height of the gap between radiator and
the ground plane. To improve the bandwidth of the antenna, various configurations of the radiator and ground plane have been
documented [16][19]. These include circular [16], square [18],
and elliptical shapes [19]. In comparison with microstrip designs CPW-fed UWB antennas are better candidates due to their
simple configuration, manufacturing advantages, repeatability,
and low cost.
Printed UWB antennas, in general, have a relatively large
metalized layer that can be used as the ground plane for an
additional relatively small antenna. This means that the space
of one antenna can be used for two antennas. Importantly, the
second antenna should be positioned on part of the first antenna where there is less concentration of surface currents. This
ensures less interaction between the two antennas. Hence, by
carefully choosing the right place to integrate the second antenna, the mutual coupling may be minimized. There is a lower
concentration of the surface current on the ground plane of the
UWB antenna, which might indicate that the second antenna can
be placed at that region. However, in a typical mobile phone or
a USB dongle, the ground plane is used for mounting the RF
front-end and baseband circuitry. This area is normally tightly
packed with elements and chipsets. Thus, it is not only unhelpful
but impractical to use that area of the ground plane for mounting
the additional antenna.
B. Antenna Design
A CPW fed UWB monopole and a shorted microstrip patch
antenna or planar inverted F antenna (PIFA) were chosen as
demonstrators for the concept of integration, presented here.
The topology of the antenna is presented in Fig. 1. The structure
consists of two printed antennas namely a wide- and a narrowband antenna. The wideband antenna is an hour glass shaped
CPW-fed UWB monopole, printed on one side of the substrate.
Fig. 1(a) shows the geometry and dimensions of the UWB antenna. The structure is printed on a Taconic TLC laminate with
a relative permittivity of
and a thickness of 0.79
mm. Since the ground plane is part of the matching network, in
this class of antennas, the dimension of the ground plane and
the feed gap are optimized to provide the optimum impedance
matching [16], [17]. The narrowband antenna is printed on the
reverse side of the substrate in order to use the UWB antenna
as its ground plane. Consequently, less space required for this
antenna even though it provides two states of operation. The
shorting pin of the microstrip patch antenna is used to connect
the patch to the wideband antenna. The patch is fed through a
microstrip line. The microstrip feed line is printed above a defected ground plane, which is formed by a tapered slot on the
reverse side of the substrate.

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Fig. 1. Topology of the proposed antenna, (a) top view and (b) bottom view.

The dimensions of the patch and its lateral position relative to

the wideband antenna and the shorting pin position, all influence
the resonant frequency of the narrowband antenna. This is due
to changes in the current distribution which are caused by the
close proximity of the wideband antenna. The feed line for the
patch antenna is a 50 transmission line connected to a linearly
tapered microstrip line. The taper forms a smooth transition between the 50 and 100 microstrip lines. The positions of the
via pin and the patch, relative to the UWB antenna, are illustrated in Fig. 1(b). The computer simulation results, reported in
the following section, were obtained using CST Design Studio.
C. Fabrication and Measurement
The antenna has been simulated, fabricated and verified. Its
geometry is etched on the top and bottom side of the substrate.
The narrowband antenna is then connected to its ground plane,
that is the wideband antenna, through a via hole.
The geometrical parameters were optimized to achieve wideband operation from 3.1 GHz to 10.6 GHz. The measured and
simulated reflection coefficient for the wideband antenna is depicted in Fig. 2(a). The wideband antenna provides reasonable
matching for the whole UWB spectrum. There is a good agreement between simulated and measured results.
Fig. 2(b) compares the measured and simulated reflection coefficient for the narrow band antenna. The impedance bandwidth
10 dB) is 0.45 GHz (4.9 GHz5.35
(reflection coefficient
GHz). It is slightly wider than that of the simulated result. This
difference may be attributed to the actual substrate having a
larger loss tangent than that used in simulation and the tolerance in manufacturing.
In this structure, the antennas are not completely isolated
from each other. In Fig. 3 the measured and simulated transmission coefficient shows that the coupling is less than 10 dB
for the whole band except in the range of 4.7 GHz to 7.3 GHz.
The coupling peaks ( 4 dB) at 5.15 GHz. Our investigations
showed that the high level of coupling is due to the location of
the narrowband antenna. Fig. 4 shows the current distribution
at 5.15 GHz supporting our argument. High current density can
be observed at the lower edge of the UWB radiator. The narrowband feed line crosses this region on the bottom side of substrate, leading to high mutual coupling. The antenna and feeding

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IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON ANTENNAS AND PROPAGATION, VOL. 59, NO. 7, JULY 2011

Fig. 4. Simulated current distribution. (a) Top view and (b) bottom view.

Fig. 2. Simulated and measured reflection coefficient (a) UWB antenna and (b)
narrowband antenna.

Fig. 5. Simulated and measured UWB antenna radiation patterns at 4.86 GHz,
(a) xy plane and (b) zy plane.

Fig. 3. Simulated and measured transmission coefficient.

mechanism arrangement can be modified to enhance the isolation between the ports. This issue has been investigated and detailed discussions are presented in Section IV.
Fig. 5 and Fig. 6 illustrate measured and simulated theta
component of the radiation patterns for the UWB antenna at
4.86 GHz and 10 GHz, respectively. Fig. 7 depicts the measured

and simulated radiation patterns for the narrowband antenna at

5.15 GHz. The measurement results are in good agreement with
simulated. Placing two antennas in close proximity changes
the current distributions on each and consequently causes some
changes in the far field radiation patterns. However, in practice
due to the demand for smaller devices with more services,
fitting multiple antennas in a small available space is the only
solution. Thus, some degree of pattern degradation is inevitable.
The challenge is to minimize the impact of one antenna on the
radiation pattern of the other. The peak realized gain of UWB
antenna is demonstrated in Fig. 8.
III. MATCHING CIRCUIT DESIGN AND RESULTS
At low frequencies such as GSM or Bluetooth frequencies,
the antenna dimensions are significant comparing to the UWB

EBRAHIMI et al.: INTEGRATED WIDE-NARROWBAND ANTENNA FOR MULTI-STANDARD RADIO

Fig. 6. Simulated and measured UWB antenna radiation patterns at 10 GHz,

(a) xy plane and (b) zy plane.

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to design. Most continuously reconfigurable matching circuits

are based around a non-linear tuning element such as varactor
diodes. This leads to intermodulation products, which are highly
undesirable. It would also be necessary to design a bias circuit
for varactor diode and that adds to the cost and complexity of
the system. Although a bank of switched matching networks
may require more space it would be much easier to design. In
a mass produced commercial system these matching circuits
could be housed within a microwave integrated circuit (MIC),
which could be optimized in order to enhance performance and
reduce the space requirement. A microprocessor would be used
to switch between each of the different circuits. It would be important to investigate the effect of component and switch losses,
on the total efficiency of the antenna. If this is a problem it may
be necessary to use a low loss component, such as a MEMS
switch.
This section investigates the possibility for tuning the
narrowband antenna while retaining the ultra-wideband performance on the second port. For this reason three tuning circuits
are designed, based around fixed elements. The simulated and
measured reflection coefficients for the antenna, with various
matching circuits, are provided.
A. Matching Circuit Design

Fig. 7. Simulated and measured narrowband antenna radiation patterns at 5.15

GHz, (a) xy plane and (b) zy plane.

Fig. 8. UWB antenna realized gain.

antenna. Thus, the UWB antenna is not sufficiently large to act

as the ground plane for the narrowband antenna. In this case, the
narrowband antenna is designed at higher frequencies together
with a matching circuit.
Furthermore, in cognitive radio a wideband antenna can be
utilized for wideband spectrum sensing while a tunable narrowband antenna would be used for communications. Thus, the
combination of the wideband antenna and a narrowband antenna
together with either a bank of matching circuits, or several reconfigurable matching circuits, can be a promising candidate.
A continuously reconfigurable matching network would probably require less space. However it would be more complicated

In this paper two types of matching circuit have been used

to tune the narrowband antenna to three different frequencies.
A pair of L-networks was used to tune the narrowband antenna
to 4 GHz and 10 GHz, whilst a Pi-network was employed to
achieve operation at 8 GHz. These three frequencies have been
chosen to demonstrate possibility to tune the antenna across the
UWB band. All three circuits are composed of just inductors
and capacitors.
In order to reduce the complexity of the manufacturing
process, the matching circuit is designed to be fabricated on the
same substrate as the antenna. The overall size of the antenna,
along with the matching circuit, is 49 mm by 54 mm. The original structure has been elongated by 10 mm to accommodate the
matching circuit. Using the CPW ground as the ground for the
circuits, the elements can be placed around the narrowband feed
line on the reverse side of the substrate. Fig. 9 demonstrates
the integration of the matching circuit with the antenna. The
reactances on the vertical branches of the network (i.e., X2 and
X3) are connected to the ground plane by means of two vias.
The reactance in the horizontal branch (i.e., X1) is connected
across a gap made in the feed line of the antenna. The three
different matching circuits are shown in Fig. 10. The elements
were chosen from a range of commercially available surface
mount device (SMD) inductors and capacitors. The lumped
element model for each of the components accounted for the
effect of parasitics, and was obtained from the manufactures
literature.
The simulated and measured scattering parameters of the
three circuits are depicted in Figs. 11, 12 and 13 for the 4
GHz, 8 GHz and 10 GHz circuits, respectively. Measured
results for the 4 GHz and 8 GHz circuits are in agreement
with those obtained through simulation. For the 10 GHz circuit
there is a 900 MHz difference between measurement and
simulation. This might be due to other unknown parasitics of

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Fig. 9. The topology of the antenna with an integrated matching circuit.

Fig. 12. Simulated and measured reflection coefficient of the antenna with a 4
GHz matching circuit.

Fig. 10. Matching circuit for (a) 4 GHz, (b) 8 GHz, (c) 10 GHz.

Fig. 13. Simulated and measured reflection coefficient of the antenna with a
10 GHz matching circuit.
Fig. 11. Simulated and measured reflection coefficient of the antenna with a 4
GHz matching circuit.

the elements which are not considered in the simulation. Since

the elements are not placed with a pick and place machine on
the PCB, positional errors might give rise to the discrepancy.
The hand-made grounding vias can also increase the loss and
change the reactive values in each branch. Investigations show
that for low frequency matching, a Pi-network or L-network
with an inductor in the horizontal branch and capacitors in the
vertical branches is the most suitable choice, as it filters out the
high frequency resonances.
Table I compares the simulated total efficiency and realized
gain of the tuning circuit when integrated with the original antenna. The total efficiency is defined as the ratio of radiated to
stimulated power. The difference between the input power and
the stimulated power is that the latter considers any reflections
which occur at the feeding location. The realized gain includes
,
this impedance mismatch loss and is defined by G.
where G is the IEEE gain, defined in [20]. The antenna becomes electrically larger as the frequency increases, and so the
efficiency and gain increase. However, at lower frequencies the

TABLE I
EFFICIENCY AND GAIN OF VARIOUS NARROWBAND ANTENNAS

Realized gain = Gain (1 S )

1

Original antenna

structure is electrically small and the level of total efficiency and

realized gain is lower, which agrees with the Chu-Harrington expression.
IV. COUPLING
One of the main issues in the design of multi-port antennas is
achieving adequate isolation between the ports. However controlling the power which is coupled between the ports is very

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2633

Fig. 14. Geometry of configuration A, (a) top view, (b) bottom view.
Fig. 15. Transmission coefficient for all three configurations and the reference
antenna.

challenging in closely spaced antennas. Although the patch antenna is positioned in a region of the UWB antenna with low
current concentration, the coupling between the ports is still relatively high. From Fig. 3, it is clear that the coupling is less than
10 dB throughout the whole band, except in the range 4.7 GHz
to 7.3 GHz, where the peak value is 4 dB at 5.15 GHz. Investigations show that when the UWB antenna is excited the intensity of the current flow along the lower edge of the UWB ellipse
and the top edge of the CPW ground plane is high. In effect
a slot to microstrip transition is created at the point where the
narrowband feed line crosses over this region. Therefore, a significant portion of the input power is coupled into the microstrip
feed line, and returns to the feed port of the narrowband antenna.
Similar discussion applies when the narrowband antenna is fed.
In this case, it creates a microstrip to slotline transition and the
fields around the microstrip line couple into the tapered slot of
the wideband antenna. Fig. 4 illustrates this argument. Hence,
to increase the isolation between the ports one solution is to ensure that the feed line does not cross this region. This section
presents three modifications to the structure in order to reduce
the level of coupling.
A. Configuration A
Fig. 14 demonstrates the geometry of the first configuration
(Configuration A). The modification involves shifting the patch
feed line away from the tapered slot at the edge of the wideband
antenna and bending it at right angles. Using this method, the
peak value of mutual coupling drops from 4 dB to just below
7 dB (see Fig. 15). The impedance bandwidth of the wideband
antenna is not affected by this modification, i.e., the 10 dB
bandwidth still covers the whole of the FCC UWB band. The
narrowband antenna exhibits a resonance at 4.81 GHz. At the
resonant frequency the reflection coefficient is just below 20
dB.
B. Configuration B
Investigating the current distribution reveals that there are
less currents on the upper part of the monopole radiator representing a good location for the second antenna. Fig. 16 illustrates the second modified antenna (denoted Configuration B).
The monopole radiator is elongated so that it extends to the edge

Fig. 16. Geometry of configuration B, (a) top view, (b) bottom view.

of the board. The narrowband patch is printed on the reverse side

of the substrate. The isolation between the two ports is demonstrated in Fig. 15. In this configuration, the peak transmission
coefficient is 18 dB. It remains below 25 dB throughout the
majority of the FCC UWB band. The reflection coefficient for
the wideband antenna, in this configuration, is well below 10
dB from 311 GHz. The narrowband antenna operates at 5.26
GHz where the reflection coefficient is 7.5 dB.
C. Configuration C
For some applications, it may not be physically affordable for
the designer to have ports on opposite sides of the board. Thus
in the third arrangement of this structure the goal is to have two
ports on the same side, while maintaining a good level of isolation. The geometry of the third antenna (Configuration C) is
presented in Fig. 17. In this structure the wideband monopole
has been moved along the -axis, from middle of the substrate
to one side. The UWB radiator and ground plane are printed
onto the upper surface of the substrate. The UWB monopole is
fed through a bent section of microstrip line which is printed
onto the back of the substrate. The feed line is connected to the
monopole radiator through a via hole. The narrowband antenna
is located above the rectangular part of the monopole. This configuration provides approximately 18 dB of isolation between

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to make minor changes to the geometry in order to accommodate the matching circuits. Additionally the overall dimensions
of the antenna are quite small.
It is concluded that the specific arrangement of the narrowband antennas feed line in the original antenna design creates a
microstrip to slot transition suggesting that approximately 40%
of the power is coupled from one antenna into the other. The
final section of this paper evaluated three different approaches
for reducing the mutual coupling between the two antennas.
Each of these configurations yielded to a reduction in the isolation while maintaining the wideband and narrowband functionality. In the third configuration the coupling level has dropped
dramatically from 4 dB to below 20 dB.
Fig. 17. Geometry of configuration C, (a) top view, (b) bottom view.

ACKNOWLEDGMENT
the two ports (see Fig. 15). The 10 dB impedance bandwidth
of the wideband antenna has not distorted. The narrowband antenna operates at 5.35 GHz.

V. CONCLUSION
This paper introduced a novel concept for integrating two
planar antennas suitable for multi-band applications. The integration approach was based on using a relatively large printed
antenna as the ground plane for an additional antenna. To avoid
high interaction between the two antennas, it is preferable to
place the second antenna above a region of the larger antenna
where there is a relatively low concentration of surface current.
The ground plane of the large antenna appeared to be the most
suitable location. However, after taking some industrial concerns into account it was clear that the extra antenna could not
be placed above the main ground plane. In practice, the ground
plane of the antenna is used for mounting the RF and digital circuits. The concept was validated by integrating a narrowband
antenna with a UWB antenna. The structure consisted of a wideband CPW-fed monopole and a microstrip shorted patch antenna. The wideband antenna was printed onto the top side of the
substrate and the shorted patch was printed above the monopole
radiator, on the bottom side of the substrate. Other UWB antennas with different radiator shapes and feeding mechanisms
may also be customized and designed by applying the same concept. Depending on the frequency of operation there are more
possibilities to choose from when selecting the second antenna.
The structure was fabricated and verified.
By providing two separate ports for two services this antenna
makes it possible for the user to switch the services on and off,
one at any time. In circumstances when the size of the ground
plane is not large enough for the second antenna a smaller antenna can be designed at higher frequency and then tuned to the
required frequency by means of a tuning circuit. By employing
a bank of matching circuit, or several reconfigurable matching
networks it is possible to use this arrangement to create reconfigurable radio systems as well. Three matching circuits were
designed to demonstrate the possibility of tuning the narrowband antenna across the wide range of frequencies. An advantage of this integrated antenna concept is that one only needs

The authors would like to thank Taconic Advanced Dielectric

Division for kindly donating the microwave substrate material
used in this investigation.
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as a Research Associate. His research topic is reconfigurable antennas for

body-worn wireless networks. He has published more than 50 papers in peer
reviewed international journals and conference proceedings, and frequently acts
as a reviewer for several technical publications. During the past two years he
has filed three patents on new developments in small antenna technology. His
research interests include: reconfigurable antennas, ultrawideband antennas,
small antennas, dielectric constant measurement, metamaterial structures, and
microwave filters.
Dr. Kelly is a member of the IET and EurAAP. In October 2009, he was
keynote speaker at the IET seminar on Adaptable and Tunable Antenna Technology for Handsets and Mobile Computing Products. He served on the TPC
for the 2010 Mediterranean Microwave Conference. He also Co-Chaired a session on adaptive antennas for software radio during the 2009 IEEE International
Symposium on Antennas and Propagation, in Toronto, Canada.

Elham Ebrahimi (S09) received the B.Sc. degree in

electrical engineering from KN Toosi University, of
Technology, Tehran, Iran, in 2004 and the M.Sc. degree in electrical engineering from Tarbiat Modarres
University, Tehran, in 2006. She is currently working
toward the Ph.D. degree at the University of Birmingham, Birmingham, U.K.
Her current research interests include small ultrawideband and reconfigurable antenna design and analysis.

Peter S. Hall (M88SM93F01) received the

Ph.D. degree in antenna measurements from
Sheffield University, Sheffield, U.K., in 1973.
He spent three years with Marconi Space and
Defence Systems, Stanmore, U.K., largely working
on a European Communications satellite project. He
then joined The Royal Military College of Science
as a Senior Research Scientist, progressing to Reader
in Electromagnetics. He joined The University of
Birmingham in 1994. Currently, he is Professor
of Communications Engineering, Leader of the
Antennas and Applied Electromagnetics Laboratory, and Head of the Devices
and Systems Research Centre in the Department of Electronic, Electrical and
Computer Engineering at The University of Birmingham, Birmingham, U.K.
He has researched extensively in the areas of antennas, propagation and antenna
measurements. He has published five books, over 350 learned papers and taken
various patents. These publications have earned many awards, including the
1990 IEE Rayleigh Book Award for the Handbook of Microstrip Antennas.
Professor Hall is a Fellow of the IET and the IEEE and a past IEEE Distinguished Lecturer. He recently received the LAPC IET James Roderick James
Lifetime Achievement Award. He is a past Chairman of the IEE Antennas and
Propagation Professional Group and past Coordinator for Premium Awards for
IEE Proceedings on Microwave, Antennas and Propagation. He is a member of
the IEEE AP-S Fellow Evaluation Committee. He Chaired the 1997 IEE ICAP
conference, was Vice Chair of EuCAP 2008 and has been associated with the
organization of many other international conferences. He was Honorary Editor
of IEE Proceedings Part H from 1991 to 1995 and currently on the editorial
board of Microwave and Optical Technology Letters. He is a past member of
the Executive Board of the EC Antenna Network of Excellence.

James R. Kelly (M10) was born in Derbyshire, England. He received the Masters degree in electronic
and electrical engineering and the Doctorate in microwave filters from Loughborough University, Leicestershire, England, in 2002 and 2006, respectively.
From 1999 to 2000, he worked for Interfleet
Technology (international rail vehicle consultancy).
During summer 2001, he was on placement within
the Rolls-Royce Strategic Research Centre. After
completing his Ph.D. he began working as a Research
Associate/Fellow. He has worked at Loughborough
University (20062007) as well as The University of Birmingham (20082010).
Those projects focused on the design of 2D leaky-wave antennas and reconfigurable antennas for Cognitive Radio. He is currently with the Communications
Research Group, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, U.K., where he is employed