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p
r
1 p ( )
n r
where 0 r n
on the TI calculator: P(n, r, p) = binompdf n, p, r ( )
P(n, r, p) = binomcdf n, p, r ( ) - this is the probability of r or less
successes in n trials
where p is the probability of success in each trial
Example 1: A die is tossed 7 times in succession. Find the probability of
(a) getting a 6 in exactly 2 tosses:
n = 7, r = 2, p = 1/6 P(7, 2,1/ 6) =
7
2
1
6
2
5
6
5
= .234
or on calculator: binompdf (7,1/ 6, 2) = .234
(b) getting a 6 in at least 2 tosses:
0 7 1 6
(at least 2 successes in 7 trials) = 1 ( 1 successes in 7 trials)
7 7
1 1 1 5 1 5
1 7, 0, 7,1, 1 .330
0 1 6 6 6 6 6 6
P P
P P
s =
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
+ = + =
` `
| | | | | | | |
\ . \ . \ . \ . \ . \ . ) \ . \ .
)
or
1 binomcdf 7,1/ 6,1 ( ) = .330
Example 2: A doctor estimates that a treatment is successful 75% of the time. Find the
probability that he will successfully treat exactly 5 of 6 patients.
p = .75, n = 6, r = 5
P(6, 5,.75) =
6
5
.75 ( )
5
.25 ( )
1
= binompdf (6,.75, 5) = .356
Example 3: How many throws of 2 dice are required to ensure that the probability of getting at
least two 6s is greater than 0.95?
P(two 6's) =
1
36
So, find n. The probability of getting one double-6 in n throws is
1 P(no double-6) = 1
35
36
n
So, find the least value of n so that 1
35
36
n
0.95
35
36
n
0.05
nlog
35
36