Bonfring International J ournal of Industrial Engineering and Management Science, Vol. 2, No.

4, December 2012 131

Investigation of Effect of Thermal Stresses on
Damping and Thermal Expansion Behavior of
Al/Al
2
O
3
Metal Matrix Composites
B.V. Madhu, K. Pralhada Rao and D.P. Girish
Abstract--- The present investigation is based on the effect
of thermal residual stresses on the both thermal expansion and
damping behavior of Al/Al
2
O
3
Metal Matrix Composites
(MMCs) processed by compo casting. Thermal expansion and
damping properties have been studied experimentally as a
function of temperature over a temperature range from room
temperature to 400C both in the heating and cooling cycles.
Result shows the thermal expansion studies exhibited some
residual strain, which increased with the increase in the
weight % of the Al
2
O
3
. The damping capacity of both the
composites and matrix alloy is found to increase with the
increase in temperature during the heating cycle, whereas in
the cooling cycle damping behavior exhibited maxima which
became more pronounced with the increase in the weight
percentage of the Al
2
O
3
. The damping maximum height
decreases if the matrix strength is increased by increasing
Al
2
O
3
. The appearance of the maxima may be linked with
dislocation generation and motion as a result of plastic
deformation of the matrix at the Al/Al
2
O
3
interface. This
phenomenon is attributed to the thermal stresses generated as
a result of coefficient of thermal expansion mismatch between
the composite constituent phases.
Keywords--- Compocasting, CTE, Damping, PLC, TMA

I. INTRODUCTION
ETAL Matrix Composites (MMCs) offers to modify the
damping behavior, as well as other physical and
mechanical properties of metals and alloys by combining them
with nonmetallic phases. MMCs processing provides the
possibility of tailoring the resultant damping properties of
MMCs by selecting high damping reinforcing materials and
varying reinforcement volume fraction and geometries. In
other hand Al based MMCs offer designers many added
benefits as they are particularly suited for applications
requiring high specific strength at elevated temperatures, good

B.V. Madhu, Research Scholar, Mechanical Engineering Department,
Jawaharlal Nehru Technological University, Anantapur(AP), India, E-
mail:bvmadhu2000@gmail.com
K. Pralhada Rao, Vice - Principal & Professor, Mechanical Engineering
Department, JNTU College of Engineering, Anantapur(AP), India, E-mail:
drkprao1@yahoo.com
D.P. Girish, Professor, Mechanical Engineering Department, Government
Engineering College, Ramanagara, Karnataka, India, E-mail:
omganesha16@yahoo.co.in

DOI: 10.9756/BIJIEMS.1809

structural rigidity, dimensional stability [1-5] and low
Coefficient of Thermal Expansion (CTE) [6]. Low CTE and
high damping capacity are desirable for applications such as
electronic heat sinks and space structures.
The MMCs in structural applications are dependent on
their proper and complete characterization under various
conditions of mechanical and thermal loading. One of the
important aspects of MMCs is the influence of thermal
residual stresses on the properties of the materials. When
MMCs are fabricated at a certain high temperature and cooled
to the room temperature, residual thermal stresses are induced
into the matrix and reinforcement because of the significant
difference between the CTE of the two constituents. The
residual stresses would introduce some undesirable effects on
the physical and thermal properties of the composites. Several
publications on experimental works and numerical
computations of thermal stresses have been found in the
literature [7, 8]. However, due to the complexity of the
MMCs, a better understanding of the residual stresses in these
materials is essential.
Earlier research works show that Al
2
O
3
particle reinforced
Al MMCs offer lightweight, low CTE [6], excellent
mechanical properties [9,10], good structural stability at high
temperature [11,12], good wear [13], and corrosion resistance
[14]. The present investigation was undertaken with the
objectives of systematically studying the damping behavior,
CTE and thermal stresses developed due to thermal and
damping.
II. EXPERIMENTAL PROCEDURE
2.1 Material Preparation
The matrix material used in this study, Al6061 and Al
2
O
3

particulates of 30-50 m were used as the reinforcement. The
chemical compositions of both matrix and reinforcement were
given in Table I. Liquid metallurgy technique was used to
fabricate the composite materials in which the Al
2
O
3
particles
were introduced into the molten metal pool through a vortex
created in the melt by the use of an alumina-coated stainless
steel stirrer. Al
2
O
3
content in the composites was varied from
5 to 15% in steps of 5% by weight. Table I shows the
chemical composition of Al6061 and Al
2
O
3
.




M

ISSN 2277-5056 | 2012 Bonfring
Bonnfring Internationaal J ournal of Indus strial Engineering

2.2
5m
usi
and
fin
ace
me
50
Me
US
pla
top
det
(LV
sam
env
adj
dim
tem
ver
sof
the
2.3
x
pre
An
dam
piv
pro
sub
am
sim
cla
coo
fle
sam
dis
cor
len
mm
to
10
Table I: C
2 CTE Measur
The specimen
mm x 5mm dim
ing series of S
d then polishe
nish. The speci
etone separate
easurements w
0C at the rat
echanical Anal
SA) both in h
aced on a quar
p of the sample
tected using a
VDT) attached
mple stage a
vironment du
jacent to the s
mensional cha
mperature. The
rsus temperat
ftware was use
e composites.
3 Damping Me
Specimens we
2mm dimensi
esented under
nalyzer (DMA
mping capacity
vot, LVDT, e
ogrammer inte
bjected to a
mplitude and
multaneously.
amps and enclo
oling capabil
xural strain to
mple was me
splaced by 25
rresponding to
ngth measured
m. The temper
500C both in
C/min.
Chemical Comp
Constituents
Mg
Si
Fe
Cu
Ti
Cr
Zn
Mn
Be
V
Al
rement
ns for CTE tes
mensions. The
iC papers of 1
ed with 3m d
imens were wa
ely and dried.
were made in
te of 5C/min
lyzer Equipme
heating and co
rtz stage and a
e. The thermal
a Linear Vari
d to the probe
and the prob
uring measu
sample picks u
anges can be
e data were o
ture curves. S
ed to compute
easurement
ere machined a
ions following
CTE measure
A model 983,
y includes sam
electro-magnet
erfaced with a
flexural sin
the resultant-b
The sample w
osed in a cham
lity. The ele
o the specimen
easured by L
50 m peak
o a maximum
d between the
rature of the sp
n the heating a
position of Al6
Composition i
%
0.92
0.76
0.28
0.22
0.10
0.07
0.06
0.04
0.003
0.01
Balance
ting were mac
specimen surfa
100, 200, 400,
diamond paste
ashed using di
Percent Linea
the temperat
using a Com
ent (model TM
ooling cycles.
a moveable pr
expansion of t
iable Differen
e. The furnace
e provides h
urements. The
up the temper
e obtained as
obtained in th
Standard TMA
the CTE of th
and polished to
g according t
ement. A Dyn
Dupont) use
mple arms and
tic driver and
a computer. Th
nusoidal strain
bending stress
was held betw
mber that prov
ectro-magnetic
n and the resul
LVDT. The
to peak at t
strain of 2.6 x
clamps was a
pecimen was v
nd cooling cyc
and Management
ISSN 2277
Science, Vol. 2, N
-
6061 Alloy
in
chined to 10mm
faces were grou
600, & 1000 g
e to obtain a f
istilled water a
ar Change (PL
ture range 25
mmercial Therm
MA 2940, Dupo
The sample w
robe was kept
the specimen w
ntial Transform
e surrounding
high temperat
e thermocou
rature so that
s a function
he form of P
A data analy
he base alloy a
o 70mm x 10m
to the proced
amic Mechani
d for measur
d clamps, flex
d a temperat
he specimen w
n with const
s was measu
ween the two e
vides heating a
driver appl
tant stress on
specimens w
the drive cla
x10
-4
. The sam
approximately
varied from 25
cles at the rate
-5056 | 2012 Bo
m x
und
grit
fine
and
LC)
to
mal
ont,
was
on
was
mer
the
ture
uple
the
of
LC
ysis
and
mm
dure
ical
ring
ure
ture
was
tant
ured
end
and
lies
the
were
amp
mple
38
5C
e of
3.1 The
The
tempera
6061 M
reasona
at 500
curve fo
in temp
parabol
heating
strain, w
Al
2
O
3
unreinfo
The are
increase










Figu
Temp
Coo
The
as well
While C
% of
tempera
3.2 Da
Dam
base all
are sho
from th
of the A
from 2
margina
found t
from 30
in temp
unreinfo
maxima
closer o
No. 4, December 20012 132
ermal Expansio
results of CT
ature for differ
MMCs is sho
ably good agree
C for the maj
or the heating c
perature, whi
ic decrease w
and cooling
which increase
reinforcement
forced matrix a
ea of the hyste
e in the Al
2
O
3
r







onfring
ure 1: Percent L
perature Varied
oling Cycle for
variation of C
as the unrein
CTE of the com
Al
2
O
3
, it m
ature.
amping Capacit
mping capacity
loy and the co
own in Fig. 3.
he curves that a
Al
2
O
3
reinforc
25-150C, da
ally with increa
to increase rap
00-500C it inc
perature. Also
forced matrix
a (peak) is obs
observation of
III. RESU
on Properties
TE expressed
rent weight %
own in Fig.1.
ement with a m
ority of the sp
cycle shows lin
le for the co
with the decrea
curves exhibit
es with increa
. The residua
alloy is found
eresis between
reinforcement.
Linear Change
d at the Rate of
r the Al
2
O
3
Rei
CTE with temp
nforced matrix
mposite decrea
moderately inc
ty
y (tan ) verses
omposites for h
Several intere
are found to b
ced Al compos
amping capac
ase in tempera
pidly with inc
creases mildly
o, in the hea
alloy and r
served at 500
Fig. 3 reveals
ULTS
as PLC as a
of reinforceme
The PLC d
maximum varia
pecimens teste
near increase w
ooling cycle
ase in tempera
t some hystere
se in the weig
al strain in t
to have a mini
n the curves in
.
(PLC) as a Fu
f 5 C/min in H
inforced Al Co
perature of the
alloy is show
ses with increa
creases with
temperature c
heating and co
esting trends a
e the character
sites. In the he
city seems
ature, from 150
crease in temp
y but linearly w
ating cycle, fo
reinforced co
C. In the coo
some interestin
function of
ent in the Al
data showed
ation of 0.05
ed. The PLC
with increase
it shows a
ature. These
esis residual
ght % of the
the case of
imum value.
ncreases with
unction of
Heating and
omposites
e composites
wn in Fig. 2.
ase in weight
increase in
urves for the
ooling cycles
are observed
ristic feature
eating cycle,
to increase
0-300 C it is
perature, and
with increase
for both the
mposites, a
ling cycle, a
ng details on
Bonfring International J ournal of Industrial Engineering and Management Science, Vol. 2, No. 4, December 2012 133
the hysteresis behaviour and the maxima (peak) phenomena of
the composites exhibited between the heating and cooling
curves. In the cooling cycle, different nature of curves is
observed. Initially, from 500-400C the damping capacity
marginally decreases, from 400-250C it increases, from 250-
25C it steeply decreases with decrease in temperature.
Overall, the damping capacity and the area of the hysteresis
curve increase with increase in reinforcement. Careful
observation of the damping capacity data in the 225-250 C
range shows a peak. The damping capacity of the composites
as well as the matrix alloy has been found to increase with the
increase in temperature and increase in reinforcement.















Figure 2: Average Coefficient of Thermal Expansion as a
Function of Temperature Varied at 5C/min in Heating and
Cooling Cycles for the Al
2
O
3
Reinforced Al Composites


















Figure 3: Damping Capacity (tan ) at 0.1 Hz of as-cast Al
6061 Alloy and Al
2
O
3
Reinforced Al Composites in Heating
and Cooling Cycles at 10C/min
IV. DISCUSSION
4.1 Thermal Behavior
During cooling, the metal matrix contracts more than that
of the ceramic particles, hence high-density dislocation is
developed around the particles as a micro-plastic zone. The
increase in the dislocation activity results in an increase of the
thermal as well as the mechanical property loss [15], [16].
The dislocation near the interface has been observed from
transmission electron microscopy [17]. The PLC verses
temperature curves for the composites exhibit some hysteresis
strain in the cooling cycle. The computed values of the
percentage area covered by the heating and cooling curves are
5.89, 8.26, 16.7 and 22.7 in case of base alloy, 5%, 10%, and
15% Al
2
O
3
reinforced composites respectively. When the
ceramic weight % is small, it may be assumed that each
ceramic particulate is surrounded by the matrix phase, and the
average inter-particle spacing is not influenced by the
presence of the ceramic phase with lower CTE [18].
The ceramic particles are in hydrostatic state and their
surrounding matrix phase suffers a compressive radial stress.
On the other hand, in case of higher weight % of
reinforcement, the average inter-particle spacing is
significantly influenced. However, the Al matrix alloy phase
with a higher CTE should undergo shrinking on cooling,
resulting in a tensile residual stress development. During
contorted secondary heating and cooling cycles, the matrix
alloy covers the particulate and shrinks. The result of this is
the hysteresis as observed between the heating and cooling
curves. The thermal strain depends on the difference in the
CTE between the particle (p) and the matrix (m) and the
temperature difference T. The thermal strain [19] is given by
T = T =(m-p) (T-T0) (1)
where T and T0 are the melting and room temperatures
respectively. According to Hookes law, elastic stress strain
relation is given by:
th =E T/(1-) (2)
where E is the stiffness and is the Poissons ratio of the
matrix. It is assumed that the thermal strain is purely elastic
and the stress changes linearly with temperature which is
given by combining Eqs (1) and (2):
th =E (m - p) (T-T0)/(1-) (3)
th =E (m - p) T/(1-) (4)
For m =26 X 10
-6
/C, p =2.6 X 10
-6
/C, E =70 GPa
and =0.3
Equation (3) gives
th =2.34 MPa X T (5)
For 1C change in temperature, the computed value of
thermal stresses is 2.34 MPa at the interface between the
matrix and the reinforcement, and this value is in good
agreement with those obtained in other studies [20].



ISSN 2277-5056 | 2012 Bonfring
Bonfring International J ournal of Industrial Engineering and Management Science, Vol. 2, No. 4, December 2012 134
4.2 Damping Behaviour
Al/Al
2
O
3
composites have been developed with higher
stiffness (E) and lower density (). (E/)
1/2
also represents the
velocity of the elastic waves in the material. Thus, higher
specific stiffness results in a higher natural frequency for the
components [21], which is one of the reasons for increase in
the damping capacity of the composites. Perez et al. [22] have
reported that the dislocation concentration found in Al
matrices of ceramic particulate-reinforced MMCs is in the
order of 1013 to 1014 cm
-2
. Kim [18] has reported that if the
heat dissipation were taken into account as part of the plastic
work, the predicted dislocation densities of the elastoplaticity
model would have been in reasonable agreement with the
measured dislocation densities of 109 to 1010 cm
-2
. These
dislocations are generated to accommodate the residual strain
around the particulate; but the dislocation concentration near
the reinforcement-matrix interface is larger and it decreases
with increase in distance from the interface. The thermal
stresses in MMCs have been already studied by internal
friction or damping capacity measurement [23]. The existence
of the damping maxima is particularly important since this
maximum may be related to the thermal stresses, which are
generated in the composites. In the absence of thermal
stresses, the dislocation can vibrate around its equilibrium
position and contribute to the damping. This partly accounts
for the observed damping capacity of the base alloy. When the
composite specimen is cooled, tensile thermal stresses arise in
the matrix due to the particulate distribution and induce a
long-range movement of the dislocations, which is superposed
on the oscillatory motion imposed by the damping apparatus.
This interaction is supposed to be the origin of the observed
maxima. The dislocation density in the unreinforced matrix is
quite low [24]. Hence, the damping capacity is suggested
simply to come from the dynamic hysteresis of the lattice
defects [25] such as the vacancy or interstitial due to the
reinforcement. The stress-induced ordering process of these
leads to an anelastic strain, and the damping mechanism is
referred to as the linear reversible anelastic relaxation and it
opens up the dynamic hysteresis loop. The dynamic hysteresis
loop generally dissipates a smaller quantity of energy while
the residual stresses are relaxed from the composite during the
heating and cooling cycles [26].












The vibration frequency and strain amplitude dependence
of damping maxima suggests that the relaxation processes are
of thermal origin and are stress dependent. The expression for
activation energy corresponding to the thermally activated
relaxation process is given by Parrine & Schaller [21]:
f 0 e(/k TP) =1/2 (6)
Where f is the vibration frequency, 0 is the relaxation
time, is the activation energy, k is the Boltzmann constant
and TP is the peak temperature. The data used in evaluating
the activation energies h and c corresponding to the heating
and cooling peaks respectively of the 6% Al
2
O
3
reinforced
composite is given in Fig. 4.
The thermal stresses generated in the composite are given
by:
th =(h-c)/2v* (7)
Where v* is the activation volume and is given by v* =400
b
3
(b is the length of Burgers vector of dislocations in the
matrix alloy =0.25 nm). Calculated value of th =3.081 Mpa.
V. CONCLUSION
The thermal expansion and damping behaviour of Al6061
alloy matrix and composites with Al
2
O
3
as reinforcement has
been investigated over a temperature range of 25C to 500C
both in the heating and the cooling cycles. The thermal
expansion studies and damping behaviour showed hysteresis
residual strains and in addition to this, the damping behaviour
showed maxima in the heating and cooling curves. This study
revealed the presence of residual thermal stresses generated in
the composite due to the difference in the CTE between the
matrix and the reinforcement. The long-range mobility of
dislocations in the metal matrix around the reinforcement
seems to be the critical parameter for the stress relaxation at
matrix/reinforcement interface. This parameter has been
carefully characterized by damping measurements. The study
of thermal stresses leading to plastic deformation in the matrix
and the residual strains obtained is particularly useful in any
high temperature applications of composites. The thermal
stresses have been evaluated separately under thermal
expansion studies and damping studies and the results in both
the cases are found to be in good agreement with each other.














Figure 4: Data used in the Computation Activation Energies (eV)



ISSN 2277-5056 | 2012 Bonfring
Bonfring International J ournal of Industrial Engineering and Management Science, Vol. 2, No. 4, December 2012 135

ISSN 2277-5056 | 2012 Bonfring
for Ph.Ds.
ACKNOWLEDGMENT
The main author B.V. Madhu. is indebted to
R. Panduranga Vittal (Principal, Govt. Polytechnic,
Holenarasipura), Dr.M. Krishna (Professor and Director,
R&D, R .V. College of Engineering, Bangalore) and all the
staff members of Govt. Polytechnic, Holenarasipura for
helping in making this paper. Last but not least he would also
like to thank his wife and parents for supporting in each and
every step while preparing this paper.

[20] Z.M. Sun, J .B. Li, Z.G. Wang and W.J . Li, Residual stresses in silicon
carbide particulate reinforced aluminum composites, Acta Metall.
Mater., Volume 40, No.11, Pp. 2961-2966, 1992.
[21] N. Srikanth, D. Saravanaranganathan, M. Gupta, L. Lu and M.O. Lai,
Modeling and determination of dynamic elastic modulus of magnesium
based metal matrix composites, Mat. Sci & Tech., Volume 16, Pp.
309-314, 2000.
[22] R.J . Perez, J . Zhang, M..N. Gungor and E.J . Lavernia, Damping
behavior of 6061Al/Gr metal matrix composites, Metall. Transa.,
Volume 24A., Pp. 701-712, 1993.
[23] L. Parrine and R. Schaller, Thermal Stresses in metal matrix
composites studied by internal friction, Acta Mater., Volume 44, No.
12, Pp. 4881-4888, 1996.
REFERENCES
[24] Shanthashatry, M. Krishna and J ayagopal Uchil, A study on damping
behaviour of aluminite particulate reinforced ZA-27 alloy metal matrix
composites, J our. of Alloys and Compounds, Volume 314, Pp. 268-
274, 2001.
[1] S.C. Sharma, B.M. Girish, R. Kamath and B.M. Satish, Fractography,
fluidity, and tensile properties of aluminium/hematite particulate
composites, J our. of Mat. Engg. & Perf., Volume 8, No. 3, Pp. 309-314,
1999.
[25] Santhashastry, M. Krishna and J ayagopal Uchil, Effect of Thermal
Stress on the Thermal Expansion and Damping Behaviour of ZA-
27/Aluminite Metal Matrix Composites, J our. of Mat. Engg. & Perf.,
Volume 10, No. 2, Pp. 220-224, 2001.
[2] S.C. Sharma, K.H.W. Seah, B.M. Satish and B.M. Girish, Effect of
short glass fibers on the mechanical properties of cast ZA-27 alloy
composites, Mat. & Des., Volume 17, No. 5/6, Pp. 245-250, 1996.
[26] L. Parrine and R. Schaller, Characterization of mechanical stresses in
metal matrix composites by internal friction, Scripta Mater., Volume
28, Pp. 763-767, 1993.
[3] P. Reynaud, Cyclic fatigue ceramic-matrix composites at ambient and
elevated temperatures, Composite Science and Technology, Volume
56, Pp. 809-814, 1996.

[4] S.C. Tjong and Z.Y. Ma, The high-temperature creep behaviour of
aluminium-matrix composite reinforced with SiC, Al
2
O
3
and TiB2
particles, Composite Science & Technology, Volume 57, Pp. 697-702,
1997.

B.V. Madhu, obtained B.E. in Mechanical Engg. in
2004 from VTU (Karnataka), M.Tech. in Industrial
Automation and Robotics in 2006 from VTU
(Karnataka), and pursuing Ph.D (Part Time) in
Composite Materials from J awaharlal Nehru
Technological University, Anantapur (AP). At present
he is working as Lecturer of Mechanical Engg. Dept.,
Govt. Polytechnic, Holenarasipura, Karnataka. He has 5
years of teaching experience for both Engineering and
Diploma students. His areas of interest are Composite Materials, MMC, and
FEM. He is active member of ISTE.
[5] H. Akbulut, M. Durman and F. Yilmaz, Higher temperature youngs
modulus of aluminiumshort fibre reinforced Al-Si MMCs produced by
liquid infiltration, Materials Science and Technology, Volume 14, Pp.
299-305, 1998.
[6] S.C. Sharma, Effect of Al
2
O
3
particle on the coefficient of thermal
expansion behavior of the Al6061 alloy composites, Metall. & Mat.
Trans.A, Volume 31A, Pp. 773-780, 2000.
[7] U. Rajendra, Vaidya and K.K. Chawla, Thermal expansion of metal-
matrix composites, Comp. Sci. & Tech., Volume 50, Pp. 13-22, 1994.

[8] Eun U. Lee, Thermal stress and strain n a Metal Matrix Composites
(MMCs) with a spherical reinforcement particle, Metall. Trans. A,
Volume 23A, Pp. 2205-2210, 1992.
Dr.K. Prahlada Rao obtained B.Tech. in Mechanical
Engg. in 1982, M.Tech. in Refrigeration and Air
Conditioning in 1985 from J NTU. At present he is
working as Vice - Principal & Professor of Mechanical
Engg. Dept., J NTUCEA, Anantapur (AP). He joined as
Assistant Professor in Mechanical Engg. in Oct 1985,
pursued Research Programme at University of Roorkee,
Roorkee (1990-93), promoted as Associate Professor in
1996, pursued Ph.D in 2002 in Expert Systems for
Design and Manufacture of Metal castings, promoted as Professor of
Mechanical Engg in 2006, served as H.O.D of Mechanical Dept. (2008-10),
published 80 papers in National and International journals/ conferences, and
successfully guided 7 Research Scholars for Ph.Ds. His areas of research
interest include: Artificial Intelligence / Expert Systems applications in
Design / Production/ Industrial Engg. domains. He has served as Chairman-
Board of Studies for Mechanical Engg .in 2009 at J NTU, Anantapur.
[9] S.C. Sharma and A. Ramesh, Effect of Heat treatment of mechanical
properties of particulate reinforced Al6061 composites, J our. of Mat.
Engg. & Perf., Volume 9, No.5, Pp. 557-561, 2000.
[10] K.H.W. Seah, S.C. Sharma and A. Ramesh, Mechanical properties of
cast aluminiumalloy 6061- Al
2
O
3
particulate composites, Proc. Instn.
Mech. Engrs., Volume 214(L), Pp. 1-6, 2000.
[11] S.C. Sharma, K.H.W. Seah, M. Krishna and A. Ramesh, Oxidation
behaviour of 6061 Al/ Al
2
O
3
composites at high temperature, Alloys
and Compounds, Volume 306, Pp. 270-276, 2000.
[12] S.C. Sharma, Oxidation behaviour of 6061 Al/ Al
2
O
3
composites at
high temperature, J our. of Mat. Engg. & Perf., Volume 9, No. 3, Pp.
344-359, 2000.
[13] S.C. Sharma, A study of wear mechanism in particle reinforced
aluminiummetal matrix composites, Accepted for publication in J our.
of Mat. Engg. & Perf.

[14] S.C. Sharma, A study on stress corrosion behavior of Al6061/ Al
2
O
3

composite in higher temperature acidic medium using autoclave,
Corrosion Science, Volume 43, Pp. 1877-1889, 2001.
Dr.D.P. Girish obtained B.E. in Mechanical Engg. In
1993 from Bangalore University, M.Tech. in
Maintenance Engineering in 1997 from Mysore
University, and Ph.D in 2007 from Bangalore
University. At present he is working as Professor of
Mechanical Engg. Dept., Govt. Engg. College,
Ramanagara, Karnataka. He has 18 years of Teaching
and 03 years of Industrial experience. His areas of
interest are Composite Materials, MMC, FRP, and
FEM. He has published 7 research papers in International J ournal and
presented 18 papers in National and International Conferences. He is active
member of ISTE, FIE, and CE. He is successfully guiding 5 Research
Scholars
[15] H.M. Ledbetter and M.W. Austin, Internal strain (stress) in a SiC-Al
particle reinforced composite: an X-ray diffraction study, Mater. Sci.
&Eng., Volume 89, Pp. 53-61, 1987.
[16] E. Carreno-Morelli, S.E. Urreta and R. Schaller, Mechanical
spectroscopy of thermal stress relaxation at metal-ceramic interfaces in
aluminium-based composites, Acta Mater., Volume 48, Pp. 4725-4733,
2000.
[17] S.C. Sharma, The effect of ageing duration on mechanical properties of
al 6061-garnet composites, Proc. Instn. Mech. Engr, Volume 215(L),
Pp. 113-119, 2001.
[18] C.T. Kim, J .K. Lee, and M.R. Plichta, Plastic relaxation of
thermoelastic stress in aluminium/ceramic composites, Metall. Trans.
A, Volume 21A, Pp. 673-682, 1990.
[19] S. Berger, Elastic and plastic strains in Al/TiW/Si contacts during
thermal cycles, Mat. Sci. & Engg., Volume A288, Pp. 164-167, 2000.