1948-71

Waldo PA administrative state 1

1948-71 Waldo PA 2 species of genus admin 2
Beveridge PA from cradle to grave 3
PCA 19!s 4
"e# $ig%t &
1887-19!8
#ilson PA dic%otom'
classical PA dic%otom' govt- admin( private-)gm 7
*a'ol PA dic%otom' top level-admin( middle level-mgm 8
1887-19!8
#ilson PA 9
1887-19!8
#ilson PA 1!
1921-19&8 +, W%ite PA %istorical met%od 11
19&3-2!!
,a%l PA value laden( %uman -e%aviour 12
1887-19!8
Wilson PA stud' of admin 1887 13
1893-1914 .oodno# PA dic%otom' different locus for -ot% 14
1921-19&8
+, W%ite PA dic%otom' 1&
1919-1931 Willoug%-' Principles principles of PA 1927 1
1887-192
PA dic%otom' 19!!-192 locus centred 17
1927-1937
Principles 1927-1937 focus centred 18
1937-192
.u/r 19
19878-82
,a%l c%allenge 2!
1938-47
c%allenge 1938-47 21
19&-7! management 19&-7! 22
1938-82
simon management 23
197!
PA 24
1948-71
#aldo PA dic%otom' 2&
198-82
"PA 2
"PA c%ange( relevance( e0uit'( values 27
"PA 28
8!s in 1astern europe( 9!s in
$ussia
its getting %arder to run a const
t%an to frame one
1923-
2&249
government in action( detailed and
s'stematic e3ecution of la#
%istorical and comparative met%od
instead of normative
4ntroduction to t%e stud' of PA
192
Principles2class
ical
Papers on t%e 5cience of Admin
1937
science of PA6 t%ree pro-lems(
rene#ed locus
t%ere oug%t to -e t#o 7ind of PAs
#or7ing in %armon'
"A5PAA6"ational association of
sc%ools of pu-lic affairs and admin
197!
PA seperation %ad -ecome an
out#orn credo
19!s( 8one' report on %ig%er
edu 197( )inno#-roo7 4 198(
P%iladelp%ia conference on t%eor'
n practice of PA 197
& .oals6 et%ics( participation(
democratising org( programe
lo'alt'( training
"PA 29
1971
*ran7 marini "PA &t% aspect client focus 3!
2!!!
,en%ardt 9 ,en%ardt "P5 31
194!-9
)ar3 9 5imon PA dic%otom' re:ected 32
19&8-72
Wallace sa're "PA 33
1977-79
.olem-i#s7i "PA 34
198-
"PA 3&
198-82
PCA 3
1978-82
Par7inson;la# principles 37
1988-82
principles 38
198-82
PCA 39
199!
"P) 4!
1938-82
5imon PA 41
*a'ol PA universal process 42
PP dic%otom' 43
*a'ol( /r#ic7( *ollet PP dic%otom' universal 44
WA $o-son PP dic%otom' 4&
PP dic%otom' PPP( +ateral entr' in /5A 4
1992
$ossenau .. 47
1988-82
.. 48
anti goals6 re:< value free(
deterministic( PA dic%otom'
imperative of %ierarc%ical
-ureaucracies( routinisation of
office #or7( efficienc' primar'
PA is ultimatel' a pro-lem in
political t%eor'
temporar' and transitional
p%enomena
)arini( fredric7son(
lind-loom( ostrom
post -e%avioural( post positivist
p%enomena( value fact mi3ed
Buc%anan( tulloc7(
nis7anan( ostrom
application of economics to
Pol5ci( %uman -eing r-
individualistic( rational economic
create #or7 for eac% ot%er(
increases no< of su-ordinates( org
gro# in si=e( la# of trivialit'(
-udget ma3imisers( less smart
su-ordinates
+a#rence Peter(
$a'mond 8all
managers tend to -e promoted
untill t%e' reac% t%e level of t%eir
incompetence
minimal state( institutional
pluralism
C%ristop%er 8ood(
o#en 8uges
mem-ers cooperating to
accomplis% common goals
1923-
2&249
5imon( stamp(
apple-'( sel=( ,ruc7er
different in terms of values(
o-:ectives and contri-ution to
societ'
1923-
2&249
Pu-lic corporation is integration of
-ot%
.overnance #it%out government
1992
#iden t%e scope of PA( e3ternall'
dictated term( genuinel'
democrac' intensif'ing
C%ristop%er %ood "P) 49
2!!!
>s-orne n .ae-ler 1.2$. $. 1992 &!
1973-2!1!
$o-ert putnam ,A social capital 2!!! &1
1983-91
$o-ert C%am-ers ,A &2
198!s
"'arere ,A &3
1948-82
?incent >strom PCA &4
193-12
@urgen 8a-ermas Critical t%eor' &&
"P) CAPA) conf canada 1994 &
2!!!
"P) &7
1988-82
"P) &8
1993 os-orne n gae-ler 1. C4)2$1A, &9
1993
,avid os-orne 1. !
1993
1. 1
188!-193!
5cientific mgm 2
19!
Ao#ne 5cientific mgm science of mgm 3
188!-193!
5cientific mgm 4
191!
Brandies 5cientific mgm origin of term &
19!3-19 .ant 5cientific mgm gant c%art
1914-47
.il-ret%s 5cientific mgm 7
8 1merson 5cientific mgm 12 principles of efficienct 8
Coo7e 5cientific mgm govt and edu fields 9
19&8
simon n marc% organisation ps'c%ological org t%eor' 7!
*a'ol organisation 71
1991 in %is
paper; A
"P) for all
seasons;
term "P) 1991 in %is paper; A
"P) for all seasons;
rural devlopment- putting t%e last
first 1983
people cant -e developed( t%e'
can develop t%emselves
4ntellectual crisis in american PA(
-ureaucratic structures r
necessar' -ut not sufficient(
democratic admin
essential fran7furt reader(
%umanisation( de-ureaucrati=ation
n democratisation
Pressman n
Wildavs7'
corp< of ,oA into B5"+ 2!!!( +i-
of econom' 1991( /4,A4( $atan
tata A4 Advisor' -oard
#e dont need more govt( #e need
-etter government
indicative planning( +P.( 73rd
74t%( citi=en c%arter( BBB(
Perfonce appraisal( CC4( ?enture
capital funds
Aa'lor( emerson( gant(
gil-ret%
c%arles -a-age( %enr'
to#ne( fredric7 %alse'(
%enr' metcalf
speed #or7-elimination of
unnecessar' motions( flo#
process c%art
1923-
2&249
*A5A C)( P>CCC( gangplan7(
level :umping
1931
)oone' n $eile' organisation 72
1938-82
simon principles mere prover-s( m't%s and slogans 73
1887-37 simon n #aldo principles simpl' not scientific 74
1974-1!
Bennis principles org #it%out people 7&
1887-37
)arc% n simon principles mac%ine model 7
1978-82
arg'ris principles 77
v su-ramaniam principles 78
Al-ro# #e-er 79
194!-9
)ar3 #e-er diversion of la-our 8!
19!8-7&
$o-ert )ic%els #e-er 81
1943-!1
p%illip sel=nic7 #e-er 82
198!-11
Aalcott parsons #e-er no internal consistenc' 83
19&4-84
Alvin .ouldner #e-er rules vs lo# performance 84
191-7!
$iggs #e-er does not appl' to devng countries 8&
+A palam-ora #e-er narro# empirical -ase 8
alfred me'er Bureaucrac' 87
2!!!
PA PA is culture -ound 88
*errel %ead' PA dic%otom' PA functions in a political env 89
194&-1
Apple-' PA dic%otom' PA is -asicall' politics 9!
1924-49
*ollet ps'c%ological 91
1924-49
*ollet organisation 92
1924-49
follet leaders%ip 93
1924-49
follet leaders%ip 94
Ba7er follet never a s'stematic #riter 9&
on#ard industr' 1931( prin of org
1939( org c%arts n manuals(
coord( fun( scalar( +5
-asic incongruence -# needs of a
mature personalit' and re0 of a
classical2formal org
lac7 of sop%istication( pro mgm
-ias
&
mec%anis
ms-
collegialit'(
seperation(
amateur(
direct
demo(
representa
tive -odies
& mec%anisms- collegialit'(
seperation( amateur( direct demo(
representative -odies
su-verts demo( displacement of
goals
su- units setting up t%eir o#n
goals
-urc is t%e organising principle of
soviet societ'
$iggs( palom-ara(
prest%us
org as social s's n admin as
social process( univ of pcpls
constructive conflict-domination(
compromise( integration
3 functions6 coord( def of purpose(
anticipation
3 t'pes6 position( personalit'(
function
2!!!
/nited auto #or7ers 8$ co# sociologists 9
19&4-92
,ruc7er 8$ 97
8$ no place for conflict 98
,aniel s%ell 8$ met%odolog' defective 99
Curt le#in )otivation 1!!
carl rogers )otivation 1!1
moreno )otivation interpersonal relations 1!2
1974-1!
-ennis )otivation la- training2t group training 1!3
)cCleland )otivation a0uired needs t%eor' 1!4
8omans )otivation 8uman group 1!&
)aslo# )otivation %ierarc%' of needs 1!
8er=-erg )otivation motivation %'gene 1!7
Bernard fat%er of social s'stem sc%ool 1!8
Bernard organisation coop s'stem 1!9
Bernard motivation contri-ution satisfaction e0uili- 11!
Bernard motivation 111
Bernard aut%orit' =one of indifference 112
Bernard communication 113
Be%avioural descriptive( value free( positivist 114
leo strauss Be%avioural mode of positivism 11&
1938-82
5imon ,) 4,C 11
@o%n de#e' ,) pro-lem( alternative( -est 191! 117
)arc% simon ,) 4,C follo# up 118
1938-82
5imon aut%orit' =one of acceptance 119
2!!!
+ong n sel=nic7 simon value free- reviving PA dic%otom' 12!
1943-2!!1
sel=nic7 simon 121
1978-82
arg'ris simon 122
li7ert leaders%ip 4 s'stems( lin7ing pin 123
P) 124
li7ert conflicts su-stantive( affective 12&
1978-82
arg'ris 12
1978-82
arg'ris 127
,) 128
19&4-92
,ruc7er ,) 129
lac7-of a#areness of economic
dimension
action researc% approac%( group
d'namics n field t%eor'
clinical approac% to counseling
t%erap'
material( distinction prestige(#or7
condition( pride patriotism
understood( consistenc' #t org(
comp #t personal( a-ilit'
fact value seperation encourages
divorce of means n ends
criticised rationalit' and ignoring
intuition
t%eor' B :apan( #%itla'
council2@C)( 15>Ps
interpersonal
competance
self
acceptance(confirmation(essentiali
t'
interpersonal
competance
o#ning up( -eing open(
e3perimenting( %elping ot%ers to
o#n up
e3plorative( speculative(
evaluative( selective
Conse0uences6$is7( econom' of
effort( timing (limitation of res
Bernard ,) tec% for narro#ing c%oice 13!
Aerr' ,) ,eciaion n Polic' 131
lind-loom ,) 132
et=ioni ,) 133
,ror ,) optimal6 PP) re e3amined 134
2!!!
co%en marc% olsen ,) 13&
david #els% ,) 9 step ,) 13
)otivation content t%eories 137
)otivation process t%eories 138
)otivation 139
7urt goldstein )otivation coined self actualisation 14!
2!!!
la#ler( suttle( porter maslo# 141
#a-%a( -ird#ell motivation deficienc' n gro#t% needs 142
"as%( -ass n -arrett maslo# not valid n #rong 143
,avid )cCleland motivation ac%ievement( po#er ( affiliation 144
B* 57immer motivation reinforcement t%eor' 19&3 14&
victor vroom motivation e3pectanc' t%eor'2vie t%eor' 194 14
stac' adams motivation 147
ed#in loc7e motivation goal setting t%eor' 198 148
2!!!
porter n la#ler motivation 149
Alderfer motivation 1$. 1972 1&!
7elle' motivation attri-ution t%eor' 1973 1&1
#illiam ouc%i motivation 1&2
terr' leaders%ip #ill to do( desires into passions 1&3
2!!!
7oont= n >,onell leaders%ip 1&4
1974-1!
-ennis leaders%ip 1&&
leaders%ip trait t%eort 1&
7urt le#in leaders%ip 1&7
leaders%ip-B 1&8
incremental6muddling t%roug%
19&9
)i3ed scanning6 A 3rd approac% to
,) 197
gar-age can( organisational
anarc%ies
maslo#( )c.regor(
%er=-erg(aldarfer
victor vroom( porter
la#ler( stac' adams(
7elle'
4Ps6praise( prestige( promotion(
pa' c%e0ue
%uman needs do not confirm to a
%ierarc%'
e0uit' t%eor' 19&( compare
input outcomes
performance satisfaction t%eor'
198
t%eor' B 1978( trust su-tlet' n
intimac'
su-ord #ant to -e led n led
effectivel'
transformational6 reac% t%e soul(
raise concoousness
-ernard( tead( millet(
terr'( apple-'( s%ell
univ of 4o#a studies 193!s(
autocratic democratic laisse= faire
>%io state st 194&( initiating
structure n consideration
li7ert 9 leaders%ip-B 1&9
2!!!
-la7e n mouton leaders%ip-B 1!
2!!!
leaders%ip-5 11
*iedler leaders%ip-5 12
8ouse mitc%ell leaders%ip-5 pat% goal t%eor' 13
vroom 'etton leaders%ip-5 14
19&8-82
leaders%ip-5 1&
1943-2!!1
sel=nic7 s'stems t%eor' govt n large comple3 org 1
nor-ert #iener s'stems t%eor' c'-ernetics 17
Bertlanff' s'stems t%eor' general s'stems t%eor' 18
198!-11
talcott parsons s'stems t%eor' 19
:ames t%ompson s'stems t%eor' model s'nt%esis 17!
CPA 171
CPA scientific n normative -ot% 172
CPA 173
CPA 193-7 golden era 174
CPA 198!s "e# CPA 17&
191-7!
$iggs CPA 17
CPA #e-ers ideal t'pe 177
8enderson CPA 178
CPA ecological approac% 179
191-7!
$iggs CPA structural func approac% 18!
1d#ard #eidner CPA development approac% 181
golem-ie#s7i CPA self imposed failure 182
univ of mic%igan 194( emp n
production oriented
managerial grid 194( leaders%ip
grid 1991
tannen-aum n
sc%midt
leaders%ip continuum 19&8( forces
in manager su-ordinates n
situation
contingenc' 197( +PC n A5>
scale( tas7 oriented rel oriented
contingenc' model2leader
participation model
%erse' -lanc%ard(
#illium reddin
3, leader effectiveness( maturit'-
competence motivation team#or7(
telling selling participating
delegating
normative -e%avioural
comparative
first conf on CPA6 Princeton univ
PA clearing %ouse 19&2
193-7
golden era
*errel %ead' n
c%arles goodsell
normative to empirical( idegrap%ic
to nomot%etic( non eco to
ecological
alfred diamant( ro-ert
prest%us( cro=ier(
-erger( %ead'
-ureaucratic approac%( s'stems
approac%( component approac%
.aus( ,a%l( roscoe
martin( riggs( #aldo
peter savage CPA 183
2!!!
Almond n ver-a CPA 184
*errel 8ead' CPA 18&
*errel 8ead' CPA adaptive modernising admn 18
19878-82
,a%l CPA 187
.olem-ie#s7i CPA value loaded( culture -ound 188
CPA structural functional approac% 189
191-7!
$iggs CPA 19!
191-7!
$iggs CPA 191
191-7!
$iggs CPA6P 192
191-7!
$iggs CPA6 5ala 193
191-7!
$iggs CPA6 5ala c%am-er( sala( -ureau 194
191-7!
$iggs CPA6 5ala sects( clects( clu- 19&
191-7!
$iggs CPA6 5ala 19
191-7!
$iggs CPA6 5ala 197
191-7!
$iggs CPA6 5ala integration level6 eo ort%o neo 198
ric%ard c%apman $iggs 199
tilman $iggs 2!!
da'a 7ris%na $iggs 2!1
Weidner ,A 2!2
)artin landau ,A 1ngineering of aocial c%ange 2!3
Panandi7er ,A adminiatration of planned c%ange 2!4
,A trumans 4 point programe 2!&
diamant ,A it %ad a stead' state -ias 2!
.and%i ,A6 normative sarvoda'a model 197!s 2!7
)ao ,A6 normative 19&!s 2!8
started #it% no paradigm of its
o#n n developed none
/C6 diferential civic culture( /5A-
Participat civic culture
#e-ers classical -ureaucratic
t%eor'
as long as t%e stud' of PA is not
comparative( claims for t%e
science of PA r rat%er %ollo#(
traditional PA is culture
-oundDet%nocentricE
#aldo( riggs( parsons(
merton( marion lev'(
ga-riel almond
ecological approac%( st fun
approac%( ideal models
st fun approac%( & functions6
economic social communication
s'm-olic political
prismatic model6 %etrogeneit'(
formalism( overlapping
administration in prismatic societ'6
t%e sala model
economic su- s'stem6-a=ar
canteen
developmentFdiffractionFdifferenti
ationDtec%EG
integrationD penetration(participati
onE
models r intended to -e %eiriatic
devices
#rong anal'tical tool -orro#ed
from p%'sical sciences
anti development( integration
differentiation
,A is action oriented goal oriented
admin s'stem
,A6 normative 4slamic6 middle east 2!9
,A6 normative 21!
19118-82
george gant ,A 211
,A6A 212
Wolfgang sac%s ,A6A ruin in t%e intellectual landscape 213
19148-82
)a:id ra%nema ,A6A 214
Peter self ,A6) government -' t%e mar7et 21&
1918-82
Peter evans ,A6) 21
19178-82
217
218
219
net gain to societ' ma3imised 22!
lind-loom 221
19228-82
222
,avid eston 223
,ror rational n e3tra rational 224
2!!!
+'nn n +eone 22&
1928-82
,imoc7 22
milton esman civil societ' 227
19288-82
@ames medison $A4 228
li-eralisation t%eolog'6 latin
america
differentiated -# r#gulator' n dev
admin -' purpose attitude n
lo'alt'
4van 4llic%( Arturo
1sco-ar( .ustavo
1steva
ans#er is end of development( -ut
not end to t%e searc% for ne#
possi-ilities
em-edded autonom'- presence of
concrete set of social ties t%at -ind
states
PP)6
institutional
model6
interests r conve'ed -' various
agencies pol parties n pressure
groups
PP)6 group
model6
d'namic e0ui-m e3ists -#
various interest groups
PP)6 elite
model6
interests of dominant group reac%
t%e insti agenda
simon(ro-ert
%aveman( t%omas d'e
PP)6 rational
model6
PP)6
incremental
model6
items selected #%ic% place least
demand on polic' ma7er
PP)6
organised
anarc%' model
#indo# is created on a pressing
pro-lem or c%ange in e3ecutive
PP)6 s'stems
model
-lac7 -o3 #%ic% converts t%e
demands of aociet' into policies
PP)6
"ormative
optimal model
PP)6 political
approac%
political process instead of
rec%nical
,epartmental
underta7ing
if made more autonomous and
fle3i-el( t%ere #ould -e no
:ustification for pu-lic corps
political s'stem( admin s's( mass
media( voluntar' org
popular govt #it%out popular info
is a prologue to a farce or traged'
or per%aps -ot%
+ord acton ,+ 229
19!8-7&
$o-ert )ic%els 23!
sta%l recruitment 231
1921-19&8
+, #%ite recruitment attracting t%e -est( not t%e most 232
classification 233
2!!!
A$C( 5imon( torpe' Araining 234
c%ristop%er langdell training 23&
moreno training role pla' 23
Curt levin( arg'ris training sensitivit' training2A group 237
19&4-92
druc7er )B> 238
239
2!!!
#%ite( sta%l( torpe' promotion 24!
194&-1
apple-' et%ics 241
19428-82
55 Aanai7ar et%ics 242
@B ,5ou=a et%ics 243
B. ,es%mu7% et%ics 244
2!!!
$iggs n Caiden et%ics 24&
egov /" egov readiness inde3 24
egov eurostat ran7ings 247
egov C,AC multilingual soft 248
egov 249
19&!8-82
gladstone -udget 2&!
-udget 2&1
$o-ert )c"omara -udget PPB5 19!( sec' of defence 2&2
sto7er net#or7 gov 2&3
Curt le#in A$ unfree=ing movement n refree=ing 2&4
Caiden A$ 2&&
po#er corrupts n a-solute po#er
corrupts a-solutel'
iron la# of oligarc%'( lead to
facism
cornerstone of pu-lic personnel
structure
#illoug%-'( sta%l(
simon( *PC
case stud' met%id 198!s at
%arvard
performance
ap
performance
ap
trait rating s's( P$>B5A grap%ic
rating s's
moralit' n et%ics cant -e
seperated
service rules onl' teac% one %o#
to support superiors n %o# to
suppress 'r su-ordinates
follo# rule -oo7- passive o-server
role
s%ouldnt pla' politics -ut
underatand %o# politics #or7s
no neutralit' -c conditions r
diminis%ing
B)P Pra:a foundations >C)56
>nline complaint mgm s's
not merel' matters of arit%matic
-ut goes to t%e root of prosperit'
of individual
socio eco polic'( mgm( control(
plan
po#er dependence -# state
mar7et n civil societ'
a#areness goals n strateg' impl n
evaluation
1887-19!8
#ilson PA ,ic%otom' 2&
1887-19!8
#ilson PA ,ic%otom' 2&7
1887-19!8
#ilson PA ,ic%otom' 2&8
19&98-82
)os%er PA 2&9
et=ioni coercive( utilitarian( normative 2!
al-ert %ersc%man accounta-ilit' e3it voice and lo'alt' 21
david 7orten people centric development 22
s%err' arnstein participation ladder 23
1887-1937
classical 24
19&9-2!!1 lind-loom science of muddling t%roug% 2&
2
PAs foundations r t%ose deep n
permanent principles of politics
ma7e govt -usiness less
un-usinessli7e
-usinessli7e t%e admin of govt
ma' or s%ould -e( -ut it is not
-usiness
can not demar7 an' su-continent
of its o#n( not to define
control
structures
#ilson( #%ite( #illoug%-'( ta'lor(
gantt( gil-ret%( #e-er( fa'ol(
moone' reile'