Red tides aren't just the scourge of beachgoers; they're also deadly to marine

life like fsh, birds and even manatees. And they can have a serious impact on
human health, too.
A red tide occurs when the population of certain kinds of algae known as
dinoagellates e!plodes, creating what's called an "algal bloom." #cientists
sometimes refer to red tides as harmful algal blooms or $A%s.
&hen millions of these microscopic algae reproduce and cluster in one area
of the ocean, they can change the color of the water, according to the
'enters for (isease 'ontrol and )revention. A rusty shade of red is often
seen, though the color may range from pink or orange to brown or yellow.
Red tide can cause skin irritations
Red tide waters can be several colors, but not all discolored water is a red
tide
Red tides are caused by an e!plosive growth and accumulation of certain
microscopic algae, predominantly dinoagellates, in coastal waters. #ome
species of dinoagellates produce to!ins that are among the most potent
known to man. *hese harmful algae blooms, or $A%s for short, pose a serious
and recurring threat to human health, wildlife, marine ecosystems, fsheries,
coastal aesthetics and our economy. *he most troublesome species in the
+ulf of ,e!ico is -arenia brevis. .ike other dinoagellates these tiny, single/
celled organisms photosynthesi0e using chlorophyll like a plant yet they are
mobile with the use of two agella that propel them through the water
column.
*heir dominant role of reproduction is ase!ual cell division 1one cell divides
into two cells, those two split into four and so on. +iven the right conditions,
the si0e of the population can rise rapidly. 2or a population to e!pand 3uickly
and sustain itself over time re3uires the conuence of at least three basic
factors4
*he presence of the -. brevis organism in the water column
A major nutrient source
&ind and5or water current movement that condenses the -. brevis population
into an increasingly denser cluster
Red *ide 6 Red Algae 78ects
78ects of Red *ide, 2ish -ills
*he devastating e8ects of red tide
7nvironmental4 Responsible for large fsh kills, leading cause of death of
manatees 9 an endangered species : and blamed for many dolphin deaths.
7conomic4 'auses millions of dollars in lost revenue to 2lorida communities,
hotels, restaurants and water based tourism attractions like fshing and
boating
$ealth Ramifcations4 'an cause respiratory symptoms 9 especially in
sensitive populations like asthmatics : and has been implicated in the cause
of skin irritations. &hen contaminated shellfsh is consumed, it can cause
;euroto!ic #hellfsh )oisoning 9 ;#) :.
<uality of .ife4 =mpacts the 3uality of beach e!periences, water recreation
and fshing activities
+lobally, harmful algae blooms 9 $A%s : cause a variety of problematic
human and environmental health issues. =n 2lorida, -.brevis blooms create
the specifc collection of e8ects shown at left. *he following 3uestions and
answers address some of the most fre3uent concerns about the e8ects of red
tide.
>. Redtide is a marine phenomenon that poses great risk to the health and
economic livelihood of people in coastal areas. )aralytic shellfsh poisoning
develops when a person consumes molluscs containing to!ic dinoagellates
and su8ers neurological and5or gastrointestinal manifestations. ?. 2our
redtide incidents in the )hilippines are presented. *he manner in which the
problems were managed are described. @. *he clinical features of redtide
poisoning in the )hilippines included gastro/intestinal and neurological
features with deaths secondary to ventilatory failure. ,ortality ranged from
AB to >?B in the di8erent redtide episodes. C. *here are many lessons to be
learned in handling this kind of natural disaster. 2or an e8ective
to!icovigilance programme, there must be a central co/ordinating responsible
organi0ation, a clear defnition of roles and functions and good inter/agency
co/operation. Appropriate surveillance procedures, resources to intensify
surveillance at times of risks, prompt warning system, and the ability to
impose bans on consumption are also necessary. D. )oisons centres can play
an important role during times of redtide. *his may include to!icovigilant
activities, such as early warning and educational campaigns to consumers,
and seminars in the recognition and management of paralytic shellfsh
poisoning. E. *he contribution of the epidemiologists in investigating and
monitoring the e!tent of public health damage and patterns of poisoning in a
coastal community is emphasi0ed.&hat should we do in red tide incidentF
,ain ,enu
&hat should we do in red tide incidentF
2ish farmers
A ag system is used to facilitate dissemination of early warning messages to
mariculturists in fsh culture 0one.

2or non/to!ic red tide4
/
2or non/to!ic red tide but with a chance to cause o!ygen depletion, a yellow
ag is raised to remind the mariculturists to check closely the dissolved
o!ygen levels in the water, stop feeding the fsh to slow down the metabolism
of fsh and to get ready to aerate the water when o!ygen depletion occurs.


2or to!ic red tide4
/
2or to!ic red tide, a red ag is raised to alert mariculturists to prepare for
early harvesting or raft relocation to avoid the to!ic red tide and reduce the
loss of fsh.


,itigatory measures

2or non/to!ic red tide4
/ =ncrease the o!ygen content in the water by aeration using
compressor, Genturi no00le in case of o!ygen depletion
/ #top feeding the fsh to reduce the o!ygen consumption of fsh and
ecosystem
2or to!ic red tide4
/ Relocate the fsh rafts to area clear of the to!ic red tide
/ 2or short/term mitigation, enclose the fsh cages with the plastic sheets
to separate fsh from the to!ic algae and aerate the water in the cage.


Aeration by Genturi type no00le
7nclosed fsh cage with plastic sheets

)ublic
)lease report the sighting of red tide to A2'( including details about the
location, colour of the seawater, e!tent of the red tide, occurrence of dead
fsh and other abnormal condition of the environment.
&hen a red tide is sighted at a bathing beach or when a red ag is hoisted at
the bathing beach, avoid swimming and contact with red tide.
=f any symptoms of illness observed after contact with red tide or
consumption of contaminated seafood, you should seek medical advice as
soon as possible.
%ack %ack to *op
#panish .iterature
*he history of #pain has been marked by all types of events, wars, con3uests,
marriages, deaths... and literature has played an important part in it. 2rom
the epic tale of the "'antar del ,io 'id" to the surrealism present in some of
'ela's works; from the ama0ing adventures of (on <ui!ote to the many books
recounting the horrors of the #panish 'ivil &ar, #panish literature has had it's
own way of inuencing history. .iterature is a very important subject in all
#panish schools, and this site is a guide to the evolution of #panish literature
across the centuries.
%est #panish %ooks
#panish is one of the most spoken languages in the world, second only to
'hinese. Hou've probably e!perienced the frustration of being in a foreign
country and not understanding a word they're saying. =sn't it annoyingF
.earning new languages can help you overcome this, and help you to
communicate with anyone, anywhere in the world.
*he #panish )eriod
*he %eginning
#panish occupied )hilippines in early >Dth century.
2irst 2ilipino alphabet is Alibata
when #panish coloni0ed )hilippines they changed alibatas into Roman
alphabet
;otable &orks
#panish )eriod
(uring the #panish period, development was focused more on religion. *he
#panish culture was more enjoyed and welcomed by the 2ilipino/#panish
families and the wealthy 2ilipino families. *he 2ilipino society was divided into
three classes4 )rincipalia, =lustrado and the ,asses. ,any 2ilipino made big
names in the felds of ,usic, Art, .iterature and #cience. )adre Anacleto
'erra's bamboo organ in the church of .as )iIas became popular worldwide.
&omen had minor roles in the society but were respected by men.
(espite the oppressive control of the #paniards, native 2ilipino 'ulture
progressed and developed especially in the outskirts of ,anila. *he literary
world became rich in legends, epics, folktales, riddles, country songs, wise
cracks and etc. *he famous epics are "(arangan" of the ,aranaos, $udhud at
Alim" of the =fugaos, "%iag/ni/.am/ang" of the =locanos, and "=balon" of the
%icolanos.
=n the music world, some old country songs can still be heard today. #ome of
these are ",anang %iday" and ")amulinawen" from the =locanos, "#itsiritsit"
and "(oon )o #a Amin" of the *agalogs, "Atin -u )ung #ingsing" from the
)ampangos, and "Ako -ini si Anggi" from the Gisayas.
,ission
&e, the 'olegio de #an Juan de .etran, a (ominican institution of learning,
commit ourselves to the 3uality formation of integral human person in our
noble tradition of e!cellence and the supreme ideal of (7K#, )A*R=A, .7*RA;.
#pecifcally, we endeavor to form the .etran 'ommunity to become4
#taunch defenders of the 'hurch;
2aithful devotees of ,ary;
Ardent lovers of *ruth;
(ynamic builders and leaders of communities; and
#uccessful professionals in their chosen felds of endeavors.

Gision
%y ?A?A, we envision a 'hrist/inspired, nationally/responsive and globally/
competitive 'olegio de #an Juan de .etran at the threshold of being a
Kniversity, evidenced by 3uality academic standard, strong research culture
and sustained community service.
#pecifcally, we see .etran as a leading center on the4
'reative use and application of information and communications technology
in education;
Galues/oriented communication and media education;
$istorical studies and research, particularly in =ntramuros and
(evelopment of self/reliant communities.