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.
B) C4
$
C4
C4
C4
C4
$
C) 4..CC..4
D) C*
.
C*
/
C*
/
C*
/
C!!*
E) Both " and D are correct
1(- )hich of the follo*ing statements is true of *ea; acids dissol!ed in *ater +
") They are completely ioni#ed in *ater
B) They are totally unioni#ed in *ater
C) They are partially ioni)e in water
D) The dissociation constant is a function of the p4
E) The dissociation constant is a function of the solute concentration
10- )hat is the p4 of a solution *here the concentration of hydrogen ions is /
19
-0
molar+
") 0
B) <0
C)
') 401
E) 0<$
13- )hich of the follo*ing *ould not from a suitable buffer+
") "cetic acid 7 acetate
B) Carbonic acid 7 bicarbonate
C) Bicarbonate 7 carbonate
') *yrochloric aci 2 chlorie
E) 2hosphoric acid 7 dihydrogen phosphate
15- The p4 of a solution that is 9<0 molar in acetic acid and 9<1 molar in sodium
acetate is (<$3< )hat is the p=a of acetic acid+
") (<$3
,) 4013
C) 5<53
D) $<53
E) 0<53
16- The most important buffer in blood is >>>< <
$) carbonate 2 bicarbonate buffer
B) protein buffer
C) phosphate buffer
D) lactate buffer
E) tartrate buffer
18- Salt bridges in proteins are an e/ample of >>>< <
") hydrogen bonds
,) ionic interactions
C) hydrophobic interactions
D) !an der *aals forces
E) ?ondon dispersion forces
9- )hat is the osmolarity of a solution that is 9<0 molar in trisodium phosphate+
") 9<0 molar
B) 9<0 molar
C) 9<50 molar
D) molar 400
E) 1one of the abo!e are correct
1- )hich of the follo*ing molecules *ould ha!e a dipole moment+
$) CCl
(
,) C4
$
C4
$
C) 4
') C*Cl
.
+) %
E 8<10F
") <1
,) 6038
C) 8<10
D) 3<3
E) 11<$3
6- Consider the follo*ing dipeptide< )hich letter indicates the peptide bond+
CH
3
C
H
NH
2
O
N CH COOH
CH
3
A
B
C
E
D
") "
B) B
C) C
') '
E) E
8- The o!erall three-dimensional structure of a polypeptide is referred to as
>>> structure<
") primary
B) secondary
C) tertiary
D) quaternary
E) super-quaternary
$9- The amono acid sequence of a poly peptide is referred to as >>><<structure<
$) primary
B) secondary
C) tertiary
D) quaternary
E) super-quaternary
$1- Fatty acid groups are referred to as >><< groups<
") acety
,) acyl
C) prenyl
D) isoprenoid
E) isopentenyl
$- The functions of fat include
") insulation
B) energy storage
C) *ater-repellent properties
D) Both " and B are correct
+) $ll the abo%e are correct
$$- The D1" Gbac;boneH is composed of
") an amide bond bet*een deo/yribose and a nitrogenous base<
B) a glycosidic bond bet*een deo/yribose and a nitrogenous base<
C) a phosphoiester bon between the .9 : an 69 : hyro7yl groups of
a;acent eo7yribose resiues0
D) a phosphodiester bond bet*een the C I and 0C I hydro/yl groups of adJacent
deo/yribose residues<
E) 1one of the abo!e is correct<
$(- )hich of the follo*ing carbohydrates does not belong to the family of
naturally occurring D sugars+
C=O
CH
2
OH
C - OH H
H C - OH
CH
2
OH
C - H
C - OH
CHO
H
H C - OH
CH
2
OH
C - H
C - OH
CHO
H
O H C - H
CH
2
OH
C - OH
C - H
CHO
O H
H C - OH
CH
2
OH
O H
O H
C - H
C - H
CHO
O H
H C - OH
CH
2
OH
O H
A)
B)
C)
D)
E)
$0- )hich of the follo*ing structures is the -anomer of glucose+
O
CH
2
OH
O
CH
2
OH
O
CH
2
OH
O
CH
2
OH
O
CH
2
OH
A)
B) C)
D)
E)
$3- The most abundant organic substance on earth is ><< <
") starch
,) cellulose
C) sucrose
D) glucose
E) Both B and D are correct
$5- The loc; and ;ey model of en#yme acti!ity proposes that each
") en#yme can react *ith only a single substrate<
B) en#yme has cofactor that promotes the catalytic acti!ity
C) substrate has a specific cofactor that binds it to the en#yme<
') en)yme bins a specific substrate because the acti%e site an substrate ha%e
complementary structures0
E) Both " and B are correct
$6) )hich of the follo*ing is not a type of o/idoreductase+
") 2ero/idase
B) 4ydro/ylase
C) Keductase
D) Dehydrogenase
+) Peptioase
$8) Consider the follo*ing reaction data<
"lanylalanine - *ater E alanine
L"lanylalanineM L)aterM Kate
9<1 9<1 1 / 19
-(
9< 9<1 / 19
-(
9<1 9< / 19
-(
9< 9< ( / 19
-(
The reaction is >>> order o!erall<
") #ero
B) first
C) secon
D) third
E) fourth
(9) 1"D24 and 1"D4 are coen#ymes found in *hich class of en#ymes+
$) 'ehyrogenases
B) ?igases
C) 4ydrolases
D) Transferases
E) Both C and D are correct
Part II (/0 marks)
45 a) +7plain how a buffer solution works0
Buffers work by chemically tyi! u" aci# a# base$ E%am"le&
HCO
3
-
' H
3
O
'
= H
2
CO
3
' H
2
O
H
2
CO
3
' OH
-
= HCO
3
-
' H
2
O
b) <hat is the p* of a buffer mi7ture containing 4" acetic aci an 006"
soium acetate= >the p?a of acetic aci is 4013@0
Aswer - (he cocetratio of acetic aci# )*+) corres"o#s to the ,HA-
term a# the cocetratio of acetate )from so#ium acetate) ).$/+)
corres"o#s to the ,A
-
- term$
(hus0 "H = 1$23 ' lo! ),.$/-4,*$.- ) = 1$13$
/5 a) 'efine the p*0
5t is the e!ati6e lo!arithm of the hy#ro!e ios )"rotos) ,H
'
-
cocetratio i a solutio$ Or "H = - lo! ,H
'
-
b) In a solution at /6
o
C >*
(
@ A >!*
5
@ A 4 7 40
51
"0 Calculate the p*0
A solutio is sai# to be eutral whe ,H
'
- = ,OH
-
-$ At 2/ C0 ,H
'
- = ,OH
-
- = *
% *.
-2
+$ Oce ,H
'
- is kow0 the "H of the solutio ca be calculate# as
follows&
"H = -lo!,H
'
-
7or a eutral solutio at 2/
o
C0 "H = -lo! )* % *.
-2
) = 2$
$- $) <hat is a titration=
5t is a "rocess i which carefully measure# 6olumes of a base are
a##e# to a solutio of a aci# i or#er to #etermie the aci#
cocetratio$
,) In a titration cur%e for (*!$c with &a!*) e7plain what shoul be in
the solution at
i0 equi%alence point=
ii0 inflection point=
At the e8ui6alece "oit0 oly the salt )NaOAc) is "reset i solutio$
At the iflectio "oit0 e8ual moles of salt a# aci# are "reset i
solutio$ 9 : ,HOAc- = ,NaOAc- a# : "H = ";a <
45 Bhow the possible tripepties those woul be mae using sufficient amounts of
glycine, alanine C phenylalanine (-ly5$la5Phe)0
(here are 22 "ossibilities&
)=ly-=ly-=ly)0 )Ala-Ala-Ala)0 )>he->he->he)0 )=ly-=ly-Ala)0 )=ly-=ly->he)0
)=ly-Ala-=ly)0 )Ala-=ly-=ly)0 )>he-=ly-=ly)0 )=ly->he-=ly)0 )Ala- Ala- =ly)0
)Ala-Ala->he)0 )=ly-Ala-Ala)0 )>he-Ala-Ala)0 )Ala-=ly-Ala)0 )Ala->he-Ala)0
)>he->he-=ly) )>he->he-Ala) )=ly->he->he) )Ala->he->he)0 )>he-=ly->he)
)>he-Ala->he)0 ' the 3
65 +7plain how en)ymes iffer from orinary chemical catalysts in some
important aspects0
*$ Hi!her reactio rates
(he rate of e?ymatically cataly?e# are *.
3
to *.
*2
!reater tha the
corres"o#i! ucataly?e# reactios a# se6eral or#ers !reater tha
those of chemically cataly?e# oes$
2$ +il#er reactio co#itios
E?ymatically cataly?e# reactios tem"erature below *..o C0
atmos"heric "ressure a# eutral "Hs$ @hile chemical catalysis
re8uires hi!h tem"erature0 "ressure a# e%tremes of "Hs$
3$ =reater reactio s"ecificity
E?ymes ha6e !rater with res"ect to their substrates )reactats) a#
"ro#ucts tha #o chemical catalysts$ No si#e "ro#ucts such as i the
e?ymatic sythesis of "roteis o ribosomes )*... A$A$)
1$ Ca"acity for re!ulatio
Cataly?e# acti6ities of e?ymes 6ary i res"ose to cocetratios of
substaces other tha their substrates a# "ro#ucts$ (he
mechaisms of re!ulatory "rocess iclu#e&
N Allosteric cotrol
N Co6alet mo#ificatio of e?ymes
N Amout of e?yme sythesi?e#
35 &ame only four (4) of the following coen)ymes (full name an abbre%iation)
an write brief notes (at least one point) about their functions0
a)- A(> )A#eosie tri"hos"hate)
*- Eer!y stora!e
2- +o#ifies A tra" alcohols to !rater reacti6ity
3- Cou"le# reactios
b)- Coe?yme A )CoA)
(rasfers acyl !rou"s
c)- 7la6ie a#eie #iucleoti#e
7AD 4 7ADH2 )Bitami B2)
+o#ifies Amio Aci#s
*- O%i#atio of amies to imies )amie o%i#ases)
2- O%i#atio of hy#rocarbos )alkaes to alkees)
#)- Nicotie A#eie Diucleoti#e )NAD4NADH)
*- NatureCs hy#ri#e re#uci! 4
o%i#i?i! Coe?yme rea!et$
2- De#uctio of C=OE O%i#atio
of FCH-OH$
3- NAD'0 D=H0 membraes
NAD>'0 D=->O3H0 cytosol
1- (he two forms #iffer by a
"hos"hate !rou" which also
cotrols the locatio i the cell$
e)- 1icotine "denine Dinucleotide O1"D27 1"D24)
5 +&' 5