Escolar Documentos
Profissional Documentos
Cultura Documentos
Colonial Era
I. French and Indian War (1754-1763) – land struggles for Ohio River Valley
and Canada
a. William Pitt – focus on Quebec and Montreal; helped win
b. Albany Plan of Union (1754) – Franklin’s plan for intercolonial
government, tax collection, and conscription; didn’t pass, but precedent
for 1770s revolutionary congresses
c. Treaty of Paris (1763) – Britain gained French Canada and Spanish
Florida; Spain gained Louisiana from France
d. Feeling of colonial superiority
II. Pontiac’s Rebellion (1763) – Indian rebellion due to colonists moving west
III. Proclamation of 1763 – colonists could not settle west of the Appalachians;
wanted to prevent more Indian rebellions; colonists ignored it; end of salutary
neglect
IV. Grenville’s Acts – to raise money for Britain after French and Indian War
a. Sugar Act (1764) – external tax on sugar
b. Quartering Act (1765) – colonists had to house and feed British soldiers
c. Stamp Act (1765) – internal tax; stamps must be placed on all printed
paper
i. Patrick Henry’s speech to House of Burgesses
ii. Sons of Liberty – radical protest group against Stamp Act
iii. Stamp Act Congress – resolved that only elected representatives
of colonies could approve taxes
iv. Nonimportation – domestic goods only
d. Declaratory Act (1766) – Grenville was replaced, so Parliament repealed
Stamp Act and said that they had the right to tax the colonies at will
V. Townshend Acts (1767) – external taxes on paper, lead, tea, and paint
a. Writ of assistance – general license for British to search anywhere
b. Letters From a Farmer in Pennsylvania – John Dickinson’s argument
of no taxation without representation
c. Massachusetts Circular Letter – James Otis and Samuel Adams petition
to repeal Townshend Acts
d. Repealed in 1770 besides tea tax
VI. Boston Massacre (1770) – British soldiers shoot colonists; aroused anti-
British sentiments
VII. Gaspée incident – colonists destroy British customs ship
VIII. Tea Act (1773) – gave Britain a monopoly on tea
a. Boston Tea Party – destroyed British tea ship
IX. Intolerable Acts – punishment for Tea Party
a. Coercive Acts (1774) – punishing Massachusetts
i. Port Act – closed Boston Port until payment for damages
ii. Massachusetts Government Act – disbanded Boston Assembly
iii. Administration of Justice Act – colonial courts could not arrest
royal officers
iv. Quartering Act expanded, forcing colonists to house soldiers in
private homes
b. Quebec Act (1774) – established Catholicism and land in Canada;
colonists saw it as Britain planning to impose Catholicism on them
X. American Revolution (1775-1783)
a. First Continental Congress (1774) – determine how the colonies should
react to Britain violating their liberties
i. Galloway Plan – formed colony/British union; didn’t pass
ii. Suffolk Reserves – called for repeal of Intolerable Acts
iii. Declaration of Rights and Grievances – urged king to restore
colonial rights
iv. The Association – urged committees to enforce Suffolk Reserves
b. Lexington and Concord (1775) – first shot of Revolution
c. Battle of Bunker Hill – first colonial victory
d. Second Continental Congress (1775)
i. Declaration of the Causes and Necessities for Taking Up Arms
– call for troops
ii. Olive Branch Petition – pledged loyalty to Parliament, begged for
protection of rights; rejected by George III
1. Prohibitory Act – response to Olive Branch; declared the
colonies in rebellion
iii. Declaration of Independence (1776) – Richard Henry Lee’s
resolution of independence; authored by Thomas Jefferson
e. Common Sense – Thomas Paine’s pamphlet that gained widespread
revolutionary support
f. Valley Forge – severe 1777-1778 winter
i. Lafayette and Von Steuben provided foreign military training
g. Battle of Saratoga (1777) – colonial victory; turning point of revolution
i. Led to French Alliance of 1778
h. Battle of Yorktown (1781) – British surrender
i. Treaty of Paris (1783) – U.S. independence; Mississippi River is
western boundary; U.S. fishing rights in Canada; U.S. honors debt
and land claims to Britain
Articles of Confederation
I. Structure – unicameral congress; one vote per state
a. Powers – could wage war, make treaties, send diplomatic representatives,
and borrow money
b. Could not regulate commerce, collect taxes, or enforce laws
II. Land Ordinance of 1785 – policy for selling western lands; designated
public education
III. Northwest Ordinance of 1787 – admission of new states with no slavery
IV. Shays’ Rebellion (1786) – MA uprising against high taxes, debt
imprisonment, and no war salary payment; private army raised to fight it;
showed weakness of Articles
V. Annapolis Convention (1786) – discussed how to improve relations between
states
VI. Constitutional Convention (1787) – meant to improve Articles
a. Connecticut Plan (Great Compromise) – equal representation Senate
(NJ Plan) and population-based House of Representatives (VA Plan)
b. Dealing with slavery
i. Three-Fifths Compromise – slaves were 3/5ths of a person for
representation
ii. Slaves can be imported until 1808
c. Other changes included four-year presidential terms, tariffs (no export
taxes), and Electoral College
d. Federalists – strong central government
i. Federalist Papers – New York essays to campaign for
Constitution
e. Antifederalists – states’ rights; demanded Bill of Rights; became
Democratic-Republicans under Washington