7- Applying Time-Area Method to a Catchment in Ipoh
Calculate the runo hydrograph or the de!ign o a ma"or !torm#ater !y!tem near the outlet o a catchment #ith medium den!ity re!idential de$elopment in Ipoh a! !ho#n in %igure 2.7. The Tc i! &' min. The de!ign A(I or the ma"or !y!tem i! 1'' year! )a!ed on Ta)le *.1. Step 1- Delineate Subcatchment Using Isochrones The #hole !tudy area i! di$ided into !u)catchment area! )y plotting + minute! i!ochrone! #hich repre!ent line! o e,ual lo# time to the outlet a! !ho#n in %igure 2.7. The time inter$al i! determined u!ing the (ational Method approach. The !u)catchment area! )et#een each !ucce!!i$e pair o i!ochrone! are mea!ured and recorded a! !ho#n in Column % o Ta)le 2.+. Step 2- Calculate Design Effective Rainfall %or Ipoh- the .e!ign (ainall Inten!ity or A(I o 1'' yr i! 17/.+ mm0hr. 1ence Total (ainall .epth2 17/.+3'.+2 44.2+ mm Column 5 !ummari!e! the temporal pattern ratio! or thi! particular location. The (ainall .epth in Column C i! calculated )y multiplying Column 5 )y Total (ainall .epth. 6i!ted in Column . are the lo!!e! )a!ed on Ta)le 1*.*. 2*+1+77&+.doc %ree !ot#are at http800###.m!mam.com 1 Column E !ho#! the Eecti$e (ainall #hich i! e,ual to (ainall .epth 9Column C: minu! the 6o!!e! 9Column .:. Step 3- Calculate Discharge H!rograph The ordinate o the di!charge hydrograph i! calculated a! ollo#!8 %ir!t- multiply the !u)catchment area 9Column %: #ith the Eecti$e (ainall 9Column E: )a!ed on E,uation 2.11 a! ollo#!8 i i i i A I A I A I q + + + = 1 2 1 1 .... The!e are ta)ulated in Column! ; to 6. <ext- !um Column! ; to 6 to get the total hydrograph ordinate in Column M. The peak di!charge! are computed a! !ho#n in Ta)le 2.+ and the hydrograph plotted in the ta)le. The a)o$e computation can )e ea!ily done u!ing a !pread!heet. E,uation 2.11 can )e expanded or all !u)catchment area! and all the ordinate! o the Eecti$e (ainall .epth a! ollo#!8 1 1 1 A I q = 2 1 1 2 2 A I A I q + = & 1 2 2 1 & & A I A I A I q + + = * 1 & 2 2 & 1 * * A I A I A I A I q + + + = + 1 * 2 & & 2 * 1 + + A I A I A I A I A I q + + + + = 2*+1+77&+.doc %ree !ot#are at http800###.m!mam.com 2 / 1 + 2 * & & * 2 + 1 / / A I A I A I A I A I A I q + + + + + = 7 1 / 2 + & * * & + 2 / 1 7 7 A I A I A I A I A I A I A I q + + + + + + = The a)o$e e,uation! can )e repeated until q 12. <ote that I7A1 i! =ero. 2*+1+77&+.doc %ree !ot#are at http800###.m!mam.com & "#$%E 2&' "I(E-#RE# (E"H)D C#%CU%#"I)* 2*+1+77&+.doc %ree !ot#are at http800###.m!mam.com * +I,URE 2&- S"UD. C#"CH(E*" +)R "I(E-#RE# (E"H)D 2.2.1.2 1o# to Create the >pread!heet 2*+1+77&+.doc %ree !ot#are at http800###.m!mam.com + T & 91+ min: T 1 9+ min: T * 92' min: T + 92+ min: T ' 9' min: T 2 91' min: T &' 9&' min: ?utlet %ollo#ing are the !tep! or applying the Time-Area Method u!ing a !pread!heet 9Excel Filename: DrQuekTimeArea1a.zip:8 1. ?pen the !pread!heet DrQuekTimeArea1a.zip. 2. Enter the Area! )et#een !ucce!!i$e i!ochrone! into Column %. &. Enter the de!ign rainall inten!ity 9mm0hr: or A(I o 1'' year!- Cell 5*. *. Con$ert the a)o$e into rainall depth in mm- in Cell .*. +. Enter the rainall temporal pattern- Column 5. /. Calculate the (ainall .epth in Column C )y multiplying Column 5 )y Total (ainall .epth 9Cell .*:. 7. Enter the lo!!e! in Column . )a!ed on Ta)le 1*.*. 4. Calculate the Eecti$e (ainall 9Column E: #hich i! e,ual to (ainall .epth 9Column C: minu! the 6o!!e! 9Column .:. 7. Copy Cell! 9%1+..%2': $alue! to Cell! 9;1&..61&:- notice cell! in )lue@ Thi! i! done to !impliy the u!e o ormula! in !pread!heet. 1'. The ordinate o the di!charge hydrograph i! calculated )y multiplying the !u)catchment area 9Column %: #ith the Eecti$e (ainall 9Column E: )a!ed on E,uation 2.11 a! ollo#!8 i i i i A I A I A I q + + + = 1 2 1 1 .... 11. Important@ <otice the con$er!ation actor8 I 9mm: x A 9m 2 :091''' x + min x /' !:2 , 9m & 0!:. 12. The!e are ta)ulated in Column! ; to 6. 1&. <ext- !um Column! ; to 6 to get the total hydrograph ordinate in Column M. 1*. The rainall hyetograph and lo# hydrograph are plotted a! !ho#n. T#o ,ue!tion! to te!t your under!tanding o the Time-Area Method8 1. Aue!tion 18 Why are the cell! in yello# )lankB An!#er8CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC 2*+1+77&+.doc %ree !ot#are at http800###.m!mam.com / 2. Aue!tion 28 Why are the cell! in the lo#er diagonal all =ero!B An!#er8CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC 2.2.1.& Worked Example 2.4- Applying Time-Area Method to A Catchment in Denang %ollo#ing are rele$ant data8 1. .e!ign )a!ed on 1'' year !torm or Denang. 2. Enter the Area! )et#een + !ucce!!i$e +-minute i!ochrone!8 7'-'''- 1'7-'''- 11+-'''- 12'-'''- 77-'''. &. A!!ume the ollo#ing rainall temporal pattern8 '.1- '.2- '.&7- '.21- '.1. *. Enter the lo!!e! in Column C )a!ed on Ta)le 1*.*- or per$iou! area! 9Initial lo!!-proportional lo!!:. +. What i! the Ap o the hydrographB An!#er8CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC 2.2.1.* Worked Example 2.7- Applying Time-Area Method to A Catchment in Euching- >ara#ak %ollo#ing are rele$ant data8 1. .e!ign )a!ed on + year !torm or Euching- >ara#ak. 2. Area! )et#een 7 !ucce!!i$e +-minute i!ochrone!8 2'-'''- 7'-'''- 12'-'''- 4'-'''- 7'-'''- /+-''' and 2&-'''. &. Enter the lo!!e! in Column C )a!ed on Ta)le 1*.*- or imper$iou! area. *. What i! the Ap o the hydrographB An!#er8CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC 2*+1+77&+.doc %ree !ot#are at http800###.m!mam.com 7
ISOPE-I-11-533 Forgings For Low Temperature Applications - Influences of The Alloying Concept and Advanced Forging Procedures On Impact Strength and Fracture Toughness PDF