zefry@sas.edu.

my 6
2m n = 3 -------(1)
7m 5n = 4 -----(2)
(1) ! 5
10m 5n = 15 ----(3)
7m 5n = 4 ----(4)
17m = 19
m =
19
17

substitute in (1),
38
17
n = 3
n =
38
3
17
=
13
17


CHAPTER 5: TRIGONOMETRIC
FUNCTION
Angles In The Four Quadrants

The Three Trigonometric Functions
Secant u = sec u =
1
cosu

Cosecant u = cosec u =
1
sinu

Cotangent u = cot u =
1
tanu

The Relation Between Trigonometric
Functions
Sin u = cos (90
o
u)
Cos u = sin (90
o
u)
Tan u = cot (90
o
u)
Tan u =
sin
cos
u
u


Graphs of Trigonometric Functions
y = asin bx
Amplitude = a
Number of periods = b


The Addition Formulae
Sin (A B) = sin A cos B cos A sin B
Cos (A B) = cos A cos B sin A sin B
Tan (A B) =
tan tan
1 tan tan
A B
A B

The Double Angle Formulae
Sin 2A = 2 sin A cos A
Cos 2A = 2 cos
2
A 1
= 1 2 sin
2
A
Tan 2A =
2
2tan
1 tan
A
A


CHAPTER 6: PERMUTATION AND
COMBINATION
1. Arrangement of n different objects without
repetition.

n
n
P = n!

2. Arrangement of r objects from n objects
!
( )!
n
r
n
P
n r
=

Example : Given the word TABLES. Find
(a) the number of ways to arrange all the letters
in the word.
(b) The number of ways of arranging the 6
letters such that the first letter is a vowel.
(c) The number of ways of arranging 4 letters
out of the 6 letters such that the last letter is
S.

(a) Number of arrangement =
6
6
P = 6! = 720
(b) Number of ways of arranging 1 vowel out
of 2 =
2
1
P
Number or ways of arranging the remaining
5 letters =
5
5
P .
Total arrangement =
2
1
P !
5
5
P = 240.

OR:


Total number of ways = 2 ! 5! = 240
(c) If the last letter is S, the number of ways
of arranging 3 letters out of the remaining 5
letters =
5
3
P = 60.
OR:


Number of ways = 5 ! 4 ! 3 ! 1 = 60
2 5 4 3 2 1
5 4 3 1
zefry@sas.edu.my 7

2. Combination of r objects from n objects
is
!
!( )!
n
r
n
C
r n r
=

Example: The PTA committee of a school
consists of 8 members. The members are elected
from 7 parents, 6 teachers and the principal of
the school. Find the number of different
committees that can be formed if
(a) the principal is one of the member of the
committee.
(b) the committee consists of the principal, 3
teachers and 4 parents.
(c) the committee consists of at least 2
teachers.

(a) number of committees =
1 13
1 7
C C = 1716
(elect 1 principal, and 7 committee
members from 13 = 7 parents and 6
teachers)

(b) number of committees =
1 6 7
1 3 4
C C C = 700

(c) number of committees = total number of
committees number of committees with
no teacher number of committees with 1
teacher.
=
14 6 8 6 8
8 0 8 1 7
C C C C C = 2954.

CHAPTER 8: PROBABILITY
DISTRIBUTION
1. Binomial Distribution
The probability of getting r success in n
trials where p = probability of success and
q = probability of failure
P(X = r) =
n r n r
r
C p q



2. Mean , = np

3. Standard deviation = npq

Example:
In a survey of a district, it is found that one in
every four families possesses computer.
(a) If 6 families are chosen at random, find the
probability that at least 4 families possess
computers.
(b) If there are 2800 families in the district,
calculate the mean and standard deviation
for the number of families which possess
computer.

(a) P(X 4) = P(X = 4) + P(X = 5) + P(X = 6)
=
6 4 2 6 5
4 5
(0.25) (0.75) (0.25) (0.75) C C +
+
6
(0.25)
= 0.03760

(b) Mean, = np = 2800 ! 0.03760
= 105.3
Standard deviation = npq =
2800 0.3760 0.6240 = 25.63

2. Normal Distribution
Z =
X
o

where
Z = standard normal score
X = normal score
= mean
o = standard deviation

P( Z < a) = 1 P(Z >a)
P(Z < a) = P(Z > a)
P(Z > a) = 1 P(Z > a)
P(a < Z < b) = P(Z > a) P(Z > b)
P(a < Z < b) = 1 P(Z > a) P(Z > b)

Example: The volume of packet drink produced
by a factory is normal distributed with a mean of
500 ml and standard deviation of 8 ml.
Determine the probability that a packet drink
chosen at random has a volume of
(a) more than 510 ml
(b) between 490 ml and 510 ml.

(a) P(X > 510) = P(Z >
510 500
8

)
= P(Z > 1.25) = 0.1056

(b) P(490 < X < 510)
= P(
490 500
8

< Z <
510 500
8

)
= P(1.25 < Z < 1.25)
= 1 P(Z > 1.25) P(Z > 1.25)
= 1 2(0.1056)
= 0.7888

CHAPTER 9: MOTION ALONG A
STRAIGHT LINE
1. Displacement (S)
Positive displacement particle at the
right of O