Meaning research

Literally, research means to search again

Research means search for knowledge.
Redman and Mory defined research as a
Systematized effort to gain new knowledge.

BUSINESS RESEARCH
DEFINITION:

Business research can be defined as the systematic and objective process of gathering,
recording and analysing data for aid in making business decisions.

TYPES OF RESEARCH
Research may be classified as
Pure Research
Applied Research
Exploratory Research
Descriptive Research
Diagnostic Research
Evaluation Research
Action Research
According to the method of study, research may be classified as:
Experimental Research
Analytical Study
Historical Research
Survey
The basic types of research are as follows:
1. Descriptive VS Analytical
2. Applied VS Fundamental
3. Quantitative VS Qualitative
4. Conceptual VS Empirical

CRITERIA ROR GOOD RESEARCH
The purpose of the research should be clearly defined
and common concepts to be used.
The research procedure used should be described in sufficient detail to permit another
researcher to repeat the research for further advancement.
The procedural design of the research should be carefully planned to yield results that
are as objective as possible.
The researchers should report with complete frankness.
The analysis of data should be sufficiently adequate to reveal its significance and the
methods of analysis used should be appropriate.
Greater confidence in research is warranted if the researcher is experienced and a
person of integrity.
Characteristics of Good Research
Research is a systematic and critical investigation in to a phenomenon.
It is not a mere compilation but a purposive investigation.
It aims at describing, interpreting and explaining a phenomenon.
It adopts scientific method.
It is objective and logical.
It is based upon observable experience or empirical evidence.
Research is directed towards findings answers to questions and solutions to problems.
It emphasizes the development of generalization, principles or theories.
MEANING AND DEFINITION
Scientific Research Method is one and same in the branches of
science,which is used in all the research and used by various
scientists. This method attracted all the trained minds .
SIGNIFICANCE OF RESEARCH

1.Research include scientific and inductive thinking and it
promotes the development of logical habits of thinking
and organization.
2.The role of research in several fields of applied economics.
3.Research provides the basis for nearly all government
4.Research has its special significance in solving various
operational and planning problems of business and industry.
5.Research is equally important for social scientists in studying social
relationships and in seeking answers to various social problems.
The scientific approach has two components.
1. procedural component
2. personal component
procedural component involves the procedure of scientific method
STEPS IN SCIENTIFIC RESEARCH:
There are four steps involved in scientific research.
1.Observation
2.Formation of hypothesis
3.Prediction of future
4.Testing hypothesis.
BASIS FOR SCIENTIFIC METHOD
. The scientific method is based on certain criterias:
. Reliance on empirical evidence.
. It utilizes relevant concepts.
. Commitment to objectivity.
. It presupposes ethical neutrality.
. It aims generalization.
. It results into probabilistic predictions.
. It is a logical reasoning process.
ESSENTIALS OF A GOOD SCIENTIFIC METHOD
The advisory committee on Economic and Social Research has described the following
needs.
Careful logical analysis of the problem, separating its elements and formulating
hypothesis.
Collection of data related to the problem under study
Classification of data.
Expression of variables in quantitative terms.
Statistical procedure in analyzing the data.
Sound logical reasoning as to the testing of hypothesis.
Specific and clear statement of generalizations to facilitate checking and testing by
others.
Complete elimination of personal equation.
Complete and careful reporting of the research process.

DIFFICULTIES IN APPLYING SCIENTIFIC METHOD
Complexity of the subject
Difficulty of obtaining accurate measurements
Process of measurement may influence results
Difficulty in using experiments to test hypothesis
Difficulty in making accurate predictions
Problematic objective of investigation

DIFFERENCE BETWEEN SCIENTIFIC AND NON SCIENTIFIC METHOD OF
RESEARCH.
SCIENTIFIC METHOD
More objective but making the result unbiased.
Systematic manner with pre designed steps.
The results can be measured more accurately.
It is a continuous research process.
A number of statistical techniques are applied to analyze the data.

NON SCIENTIFIC METHOD
More objective but making the results more biased.
Non systematic manner
The results cannot be measured accurately.
It is not a continuous process.
May not be applicable.
Problem definition: A broad statement of the general marketing research problem &
identification of its specific components.
Process of definition Developing an approach:
Problem definition consists of discussions with the decision makers
(DM), interview with industry experts, other knowledgeable individuals and
analysis of secondary data.

The interaction between DM & researcher should be characterized by 7cs

Communication
Co-operation
Confidence
Condor- quality of being sincerely honest
Closeness
Continuity
creativity