Cessna Skyhawk Ii / 100 Performance Assessment: John Mciver B.Eng. (Aero) Temporal Images

Cessna Skyhawk I I / 100
Perf ormance Assessment

Pr epar ed by
J ohn McI ver B. Eng. ( Aer o)
Tempor al I mages
23r d J anuar y 2003 ht t p: / / www. t empor al . com. au
www. t emporal . com. au Page 1
Cessna Skyhawk I I / 100 ( 172) Perf ormance Assessment
1. I nt roduct i on
Thi s document out l i nes t he i nf or mat i on and pr ocedur es used t o det er mi ne t he appr oxi mat e per f or mance of t he Cessna 172
ai r cr af t . As much aer odynami c and di mensi onal i nf or mat i on as possi bl e was f i r st obt ai ned f r om sever al sour ces and t hat dat a
i s pr esent ed i n t he f ol l owi ng sect i on.
Whi l e t he Cessna 172 model was t he t ar get ai r cr af t , i t was necessar y t o obt ai n some dat a f r omot her r el at ed model s wher e dat a
speci f i cal l y f or a model 172 was not avai l abl e. Addi t i onal l y t her e ar e sever al sub- model s of t he 172, so wher e possi bl e dat a
was obt ai ned f or a Cessna Skyhawk I I / 100, t hi s bei ng a l at er ver si on of t he gener i c model 172.
Tai l dat a was obt ai ned f or a model 177, as 172 dat a was not avai l abl e. I n t hi s case t he 177 has a sl i ght l y smal l er t ai l , but
t he gener al desi gn f eat ur es shoul d be equi val ent t o t he 172.
A comput er pr ogr amwas t hen used t o obt ai n a r ange of per f or mance dat a based on speci f i c i nput dat a der i ved f r omt he var i ous
r ef er ence sour ces. The comput er pr ogr am coul d out put per f or mance over a r ange of speeds and al t i t udes, al l owi ng i t er at i on of
t he i nput dat a, so i t was possi bl e t o obt ai n a dat a set whi ch woul d cl osel y equat e t o t he def i ned ai r cr af t per f or mance. A copy
of t he f i nal pr ogr amout put i s i ncl uded her e.
2. Ref erence Dat a
As much dat a as possi bl e was obt ai ned by r ef er ence t o a number of t ext books. The key r ef er ence was t aken t o be J ane' s Al l the
Worl d' s Ai rcraf t, wi t h mor e det ai l ed dat a sour ced f r om ot her books. The compl et e set of dat a whi ch was obt ai ned i s pr esent ed
her e.
2. 1. J ane' s Al l t he Worl d' s Ai rcraf t 1977- 78
For t he Cessna Skyhawk I I / 100 t he f ol l owi ng dat a was pr esent ed;
NACA 2412 wi ng sect i on 1 degr ee 44 mi nut es di hedr al
1 degr ee 30 mi nut es i nci dence at wi ng r oot
- 1 degr ee 30 mi nut es i nci dence at t i p
Modi f i ed Fr i se ai l er ons
Si ngl e sl ot t ed f l aps
Ver t i cal Tai l : 35 degr ees quar t er chor d sweep
Engi ne: 160 hp Lycomi ng O- 320- H ( max power at 2700 r pm)
Pr opel l or : Two bl aded f i xed pi t ch met al pr opel l or
Fuel Capaci t y: 43 US gal l ons ( 38 US gal l ons usabl e)
Baggage Capaci t y: 120 pounds
Pr i nci pl e Di mensi ons
Wi ng span: 35 f eet 10 i nches
Wi ng r oot chor d: 5 f eet 4 i nches
Wi ng t i p chor d: 3 f eet 8. 5 i nches
Wi ng aspect r at i o: 7. 52
Lengt h over al l : 26 f eet 11 i nches
Hei ght over al l : 8 f eet 9. 5 i nches
Tai l pl ane span: 11 f eet 4 i nches
Pr opel l or di amet er : 6 f eet 3 i nches
Wi ng ar ea: 174 squar e f eet ( gr oss)
Ai l er on Ar ea: 18. 3 squar e f eet
Fl ap Ar ea: 21. 2 squar e f eet
Ver t i cal Tai l Ar ea: 11. 24 squar e f eet
Rudder Ar ea: 7. 43 squar e f eet
Hor i zont al Tai l Ar ea: 21. 56 squar e f eet
El evat or Ar ea: 14. 53 squar e f eet
Wei ght Dat a
Wei ght - Empt y Equi pped: 1403 pounds
Max Takeof f Wei ght : 2300 pounds
Max Wi ng Loadi ng: 13. 2 pounds per squar e f eet
Max Power Loadi ng: 14. 4 pounds per hor sepower
Per f or mance Dat a
Never Exceed Speed: 174 mph
Max Level Speed: 144 mph ( at SL)
Max Cr ui si ng Speed: 140 mph ( 75%power at 8000 f eet )
St al l i ng Speed: 57 mph CAS ( f l aps up)
St al l i ng Speed: 51 mph CAS ( f l aps down)
Max Rat e of Cl i mb: 770 f eet per mi nut e ( at SL)
Ser vi ce Cei l i ng: 14, 200 f eet
Range Per f or mance
558 mi l es r ange at 8, 000 f eet cr ui se
662 mi l es r ange at 10, 000 f eet cr ui es
( usi ng st andar d f uel , wi t h al l owance f or engi ne st ar t , t axi , t akeof f , cl i mb, and 45 mi nut es r eser ve at 45%power )
2. 2. Fl ui d Dynami c Drag by Hoerner
Thi s book i ncl udes a ver y basi c dr ag anal ysi s of a Cessna 172, based on t he f ol l owi ng i nf or mat i on.
Span: 36 f eet
Wi ng Ar ea: 175 squar e f eet
Wei ght : 2200 pounds
Power : 140 hor sepower
At a vel oci t y of 122 knot s and sea l evel t he ai r cr af t was cal cul at ed t o have a t ot al dr ag coef f i ci ent of 0. 032, a pr of i l e dr ag
coef f i ci ent of 0. 029 and a dr ag coef f i ci ent based on wet t ed sur f ace ar ea of 0. 009.
Thi s i s basi c dat a f or a Cessna 170, whi ch i s not t he ai r cr af t bei ng anal ysed her e. As i t i s a si mi l ar desi gn, t hi s dat a can
be used t o appr oxi mat el y ver i f y any dr ag dat a we may be abl e t o cal cul at e f or t he Cessna 172.
2. 3. Synt hesi s of Subsoni c Ai rpl ane Desi gn by Torenbeek
Thi s book pr ovi des many gener al r ul es f or pr el i mi nar y ai r cr af t desi gn cal cul at i ons. The key per f or mance dat a whi ch i s r el evant
her e i s t hat a t ypi cal smal l , si ngl e engi ne ai r cr af t , wi t h a f i xed under car r i age, wi l l have a pr of i l e dr ag coef f i ci ent
somewher e bet ween 0. 025 and 0. 040. The Oswal d spanwi se ef f i ci ency f act or wi l l l i e bet ween 0. 65 and 0. 75.
The book al so pr ovi des a number of t abl es of r epr esent at i ve dat a f or var i ous ai r cr af t , f or wi ng, hor i zont al and ver t i cal t ai l
par amet er s, and al so wei ght dat a.
Wi ng dat a f or a Cessna 172
Pr ot ot ype f i r st f l i ght : 1956
Aspect Rat i o: 7. 52
Taper Rat i o: 0. 672
Quar t er Chor d Sweep Angl e: 0 degr ees
Geomet r i c Twi st : - 3. 0 degr ees
Di hedr al : 1 degr ee 44 mi nut es
Sect i on Pr of i l e - Root : NACA 2412
Sect i on Pr of i l e - Ti p: NACA 2412 t o symmet r i c
Thi ckness/ Chor d Rat i o: 12 per cent
Vmo: 224 kmh ( EAS) Maxi mumOper at i ng Li mi t
Vd: 280 kmh ( EAS) Desi gn Di ve
Fl ap Type: si ngl e sl ot t ed
Cf / C St r eamwi se: 32. 9 per cent ( f l ap chor d r at i o)
Bf / B: 46. 1 per cent ( f l ap span r at i o)
Fl ap Angl e - Takeof f : 20 degr ees
Fl ap Angl e - Landi ng: 40 degr ees
Cl max - Landi ng: 2. 10 ( f r omf l i ght t est )
Wei ght Dat a f or Cessna 172B
MTOW: 2200 pounds
Wi ng Gr oup: 236 pounds
Tai l Gr oup: 61 pounds
Fusel age Gr oup: 253 pounds
Landi ng Gear : 122 pounds
Sur f ace Cont r ol s: 31 pounds
Nacel l e Gr oup: 31 pounds
Pr opul si on Gr oup: 427 pounds
Engi ne I nst al l at i on: 312 pounds
Fuel Syst em: 30 pounds
Exhaust : 38 pounds
Ot her I t ems: 47 pounds
Ser vi ces/ Equi pment Gr oup: 154 pounds
Nav I nst r ument s: 7 pounds
Hydr aul i c/ Pneumat i c: 3 pounds
El ect r i cal : 41 pounds
Fur ni shi ng: 99 pounds
Ai r cond/ Ant i - i ce: 4 pounds
Payl oad Gr oup
Pi l ot : 165 pounds
Passenger : 165 pounds
Fuel : 252 pounds ( 43 US gal l ons at 5. 85 pounds per US gal l on)
Ot her : 303 pounds ( car go, oi l , et c)
Wei ght and CG Dat a f or Cessna 172 ( nor mal cat egor y FAR 23)
( CG posi t i ons ar e i n per cent of mean aer odynami c chor d)
For war d CG Li mi t - Takeof f / Landi ng: 15. 6
For war d CG Li mi t - Fl i ght : 15. 6
Rear CG Li mi t - Takeof f / Landi ng: 36. 5
Rear CG Li mi t - Fl i ght : 36. 5
CG Range - Takeof f / Landi ng: 20. 9
CG Range - Fl i ght : 20. 9
Payl oad: 64. 3 ( per cent OEW)
Tai l Vol ume: 0. 59
Hor i zont al Tai l Type: Fi xed St abi l i ser
Cl max: 2. 14 ( f l ap angl e f or l andi ng)
Hor i zont al Tai l Dat a f or Cessna 177
Sh/ S: 0. 202
Taper Rat i o: 1. 0
Sweep: 0. 0 degr ees
Ai r f oi l Sect i on: NACA 0012/ 0009
Aver age T/ C: 10. 5 per cent
Tai l Type: Al l Fl yi ng
Hor i zont al Tai l Vol ume: 0. 600
Hi nge Posi t i on: 25 per cent El evat or Chor d
Ser vo Tabs f i t t ed
Ver t i cal Tai l Dat a f or Cessna 177
Max Cr osswi nd: 20 knot s
Sv/ S: 0. 107
Sweep: 35 degr ees ( quar t er chor d)
Ai r f oi l Sect i on: NACA 0009/ 0006
Aver age T/ C: 7. 5 per cent
Ver t i cal Tai l Vol ume: 0. 0411
Sr / Sv: 0. 368
Hi nge Posi t i on: 60 per cent Cv ( r oot / t i p)
Not e: The Cessna 177 has a sl i ght l y smal l er t ai l t han t he Cessna 172
Tai l Ar eas
Fi n: 11. 24 sq. f t ( Cessna 172) 11. 02 sq. f t ( Cessna 177)
Rudder : 7. 43 sq. f t ( Cessna 172) 6. 41 sq. f t ( Cessna 177)
Tai l pl ane: 21. 56 sq. f t ( Cessna 172)
El evat or s: 14. 53 sq. f t ( Cessna 172)
Hor i zont al Tai l : 35. 01 sq. f t ( Cessna 177)
3. Comput er Anal ysi s
A comput er pr ogr amwas t hen used t o i t er at e t o a sui t abl e set of dat a val ues whi ch woul d be r epr esent at i ve of t he Cessna 172.
Thi s pr ogr ami s a si mpl e ai r cr af t per f or mance pr ogr am, wr i t t en about 20 year s ago, f or oper at i on on Per sonal Comput er s r unni ng
MS DOS. I t s most usef ul f eat ur e i s t hat , based on ver y basi c i nput dat a, i t can pr oduce dat a f or any al t i t ude, f or a r ange of
ai r speeds. Thi s f aci l i t y al l ows f or r api d checki ng of est i mat ed per f or mance dat a agai nst publ i shed val ues.
Fr omt he r ef er ence dat a obt ai ned t he f ol l owi ng val ues wer e used as i nput t o t he comput er per f or mance pr ogr am.
St al l speed wi t hout f l aps 57. 0 mph
Maxi muml i f t coef f i ci ent 1. 60 ( no f l aps)
Maxi muml i f t coef f i ci ent 2. 10 ( wi t h f l aps)
Maxi mumt akeof f wei ght 2300 l b
Empt y wei ght 1403 l b + pi l ot at 165 l bs
Wi ng span 35. 83 f t
Ai r pl ane ef f i ci ency f act or 0. 77
Engi ne br ake hor sepower 160 hp
Maxi muml evel speed 144. 0 mph
Pr opel l or di amet er 75. 0 i nches
Pr opel l or speed 2700 r pm
The engi ne i s not super char ged
Fi xed- pi t ch pr opel l or f i t t ed t o ai r cr af t
Number of pr opel l or s: 1
Aver age r ange pr opul si ve ef f i ci ency 0. 700
Aver age endur ance pr opul si ve ef f i ci ency 0. 700
Ai r cr af t pr opul si ve ef f i ci ency 0. 850
The above dat a i s t hat used f or t he f i nal comput er anal ysi s. Ear l i er r uns used sl i ght l y di f f er ent dat a, whi ch was sl owl y
adj ust ed unt i l t hi s dat aset gave what wer e consi der ed as accept abl e r esul t s. The f i nal out put f r om t he pr ogr am i s i ncl uded
her e as Appendi x A.
4. Drag Summary
The t ot al ai r cr af t dr ag coef f i ci ent , based on a gr oss wi ng ar ea of 174 squar e f eet , was 0. 0341, gi vi ng a dr ag ar ea ( CdS) of
5. 9334 squar e f eet . Thi s val ue of 0. 0341 cor r esponds accept abl y wi t h t he val ue det er mi ned by Hoerner f or t he Cessna 170 of
0. 032.
Br eaki ng t he dr ag down i nt o i t s component par t s, f or wi ng, t ai l and f usel age, we know t he t ot al ai r cr af t dr ag val ue, and can
al so obt ai n est i mat es of t he dr ag coef f i ci ent f r om NACA gr aphs f or t he par t i cul ar wi ng sect i ons used. Usi ng Theory of Wi ng
Secti ons by Abbott and Von Doenhof f t o obt ai n t he sect i on dr ag dat a ( assumed t o be " st andar d r oughness" r at her t han val ues f or
l ami nar f l ow) ,
Wi ng ( NACA 2412) Cd = 0. 0100 S = 174. 0 sq f t CdS = 1. 74 sq f t
Tai l ( NACA 0012) Cd = 0. 0098 S = 21. 56 sq f t CdS = 0. 21 sq f t
Fi n ( NACA 0009) Cd = 0. 0092 S = 11. 24 sq f t CdS = 0. 10 sq f t
Tot al Ai r cr af t Cd = 0. 0341 S = 174. 0 sq f t CdS = 5. 93 sq f t
Subt r act i ng t he wi ng and t ai l / f i n val ues f r omt he t ot al ai r cr af t gi ves us t he dr ag of t he f usel age and any ot her mi scel l aneous
i t ems ( under car r i age, st r ut s, et c) , whi ch i s,
5. 93 - 0. 10 - 0. 21 - 1. 74 = 3. 88 squar e f eet
Thi s t hen becomes 3. 88 / 174 = 0. 0223, bei ng t he dr ag coef f i ci ent f or t he f usel age based on gr oss wi ng ar ea.
We can al so est i mat e t he wet t ed sur f ace ar ea based on t he Hoerner anal ysi s, wher e t he ar eas wi l l be i n i nver se r at i on t o t he
dr ag coef f i ci ent s. Usi ng hi s dr ag coef f i ci ent s,
Cd = 0. 009 based on wet t ed sur f ace ar ea ( t o be f ound)
Cd = 0. 032 based on wi ng ar ea ( 174. 0)
So wet t ed sur f ace ar ea = ( 0. 032 / 0. 009) x 174. 0 = 618. 7 squar e f eet appr oxi mat el y.
5. ProgramVal i dat i on
The out put f r omt he comput er pr ogr ami s onl y appr oxi mat e i n i t s model l i ng of t he Cessna 172 per f or mance, but does agr ee wi t h
t he publ i shed per f or mance dat a f or t he ai r cr af t i n most ar eas.
At seal l evel t he pr edi ct ed speed r ange i s f r om sl i ght l y l ess t han 57 mph t o near l y 140 mph, compar ed t o t he publ i shed dat a
of 57 mph t o 144 mph.
The ser vi ce cei l i ng i s def i ned as t he al t i t ude wher e t he r at e of cl i mb of t he ai r cr af t decl i nes t o 100 f eet per mi nut e, and
i s quot ed f or t he Cessna as 14, 200 f eet . At 14, 200 f eet f r omt he pr ogr amout put t he i ndi cat ed maxi mumcl i mb r at e i s 111 f eet
per mi nut e.
The quot ed maxi mumr at e of cl i mb at sea l evel of 770 f eet per mi nut e compar es wi t h a pr ogr ampr edi ct i on of 689 f eet per mi nut e.
The quot ed maxi mumcr ui si ng speed of 140 mph, at 75 per cent power at 8, 000 f eet , i s not achi evabl e accor di ng t o t he pr ogr am,
i ndi cat i ng t he dr ag est i mat e i s possi bl y a l i t t l e t oo hi gh. Al t er nat i vel y t hi s coul d i ndi cat e t hat t he act ual engi ne power
decr eases wi t h al t i t ude at a sl ower r at e t han t hat pr edi ct ed by t he pr ogr am. I n pr act i ce t hi s di scr epancy i s pr obabl y par t l y
due t o bot h causes.
Al t hough t he r ange cal cul at i ons of t he pr ogr am ar e onl y ver y appr oxi mat e, at 8, 000 f eet i t pr edi ct s a r ange of 584 mi l es
compar ed t o t he publ i shed f i gur e of 558 mi l es, whi l e at 10, 000 f eet i t pr edi ct s a f i gur e of 539 mi l es, compar ed t o 662 mi l es
f or t he publ i shed dat a. Thi s anal ysi s i s necessar i l y onl y appr oxi mat e as no speci f i c dat a has been pr ovi ded f or t he engi ne
f uel consumpt i on or power var i at i on wi t h al t i t ude, so t he pr ogr amcan onl y make ver y gener al assumpt i ons f or t hese val ues.
Appendi x A: ProgramOutput
************* Cessna Skyhawk I I / 100 ( 172) Per f or mance Check *************
I nput Par amet er s :
St al l speed wi t hout f l aps VS1 = 57. 0 mph
Maxi muml i f t coef f i ci ent CLmax = 1. 60
Maxi muml i f t coef f wi t h f l aps CLmaxf = 2. 10
Maxi mumt akeof f wei ght W= 2300. l b
Empt y wei ght We = 1568. l b
Wi ng span B = 35. 83 f t
Ai r pl ane ef f i ci ency f act or E = 0. 700
Engi ne br ake hor sepower BHP = 160. HP
Maxi muml evel speed Vmax = 144. 0 mph
Pr opel l or di amet er Dp = 75. 0 i nches
Pr opel l or r pm RPM = 2700. r pm
The engi ne i s nor mal l y aspi r at ed
Fi xed- pi t ch pr opel l or f i t t ed t o ai r cr af t
Number of pr opel l or s = 1
Aver age r ange pr opul si ve ef f i ci ency = 0. 700
Aver age endur ance pr opul si ve ef f i ci ency = 0. 700
Ai r cr af t pr opul si ve ef f i ci ency = 0. 750
Out put Quant i t i es :
Wi ng l oadi ng W/ S = 13. 3 l b/ f t 2
St al l speed wi t h f l aps Vs0 = 49. 8 mph
Wi ng ar ea S = 173. 0 f t 2
Aspect r at i o AR = 7. 42
Chor d C = 4. 83 f t
Ef f ect i ve aspect r at i o ARe = 5. 20
Ef f ect i ve span Be = 29. 98 f t
Ef f ect i ve chor d Ce = 5. 77 f t
Ef f ect i ve span l oadi ng W/ Be = 76. 72 l b/ f t
Dr ag ar ea AD = 5. 89 f t 2
Zer o- l i f t dr ag coef f i ci ent Cd0 = 0. 0341
Ai r speed f or mi ni mumsi nk Vmi ns = 63. 5 mph
Mi ni mumpower r equi r ed f or l evel f l i ght THPm= 41. 06 HP
Mi ni mumdr ag Dmi n = 210. 1 l b
Mi ni mumsi nk r at e RSmi n = 589. 1 f pm
Maxi muml i f t - t o- dr ag r at i o LDmax = 10. 94
Li f t coef f i ci ent at mi ni mumsi nk CLmi ns = 1. 29
Maxi mumi deal cl i mb r at e RCst ar = 2295. 7 f pm
Ref er ence pr op ai r speed f or . 74 ef f Vpr op = 67. 0 mph
I deal i zed st at i c t hr ust Ts = 1041. 0 l b
Pr opel l or t i p Mach number Mp = 0. 7915
Al t i t ude : 0. f eet Ambi ent t emper at ur e = 288. 15 deg. K
Ambi ent pr essur e = 2116. 2 psf
Densi t y r at i o = 1. 0000
Speed of sound = 1116. 4 f ps
Ai r speed Rat e- of - Cl i mb Si nk Rat e Reynol ds No THP Thr ust Dr ag L/ D SEP Mach No.
V( mph) RC( f pm) RS( f pm) ( hp) ( l b) ( l b) ( f t / sec)
57. 0 441. 574. 2. 6 mi l l i on 68. 446. 253. 8. 6 7. 4 0. 075
60. 0 490. 570. 2. 7 mi l l i on 71. 442. 238. 9. 2 8. 2 0. 079
70. 0 613. 585. 3. 2 mi l l i on 80. 427. 209. 10. 5 10. 2 0. 092
80. 0 678. 640. 3. 6 mi l l i on 88. 411. 200. 10. 9 11. 3 0. 105
90. 0 689. 733. 4. 1 mi l l i on 95. 394. 204. 10. 7 11. 5 0. 118
100. 0 647. 866. 4. 5 mi l l i on 101. 378. 217. 10. 1 10. 8 0. 131
110. 0 551. 1040. 5. 0 mi l l i on 106. 362. 237. 9. 2 9. 2 0. 145
120. 0 401. 1256. 5. 4 mi l l i on 111. 346. 263. 8. 3 6. 7 0. 158
130. 0 195. 1516. 5. 9 mi l l i on 115. 331. 294. 7. 4 3. 2 0. 171
140. 0 - 68. 1823. 6. 3 mi l l i on 118. 317. 329. 6. 6 - 1. 1 0. 184
150. 0 - 391. 2177. 6. 8 mi l l i on 122. 304. 369. 5. 9 - 6. 5 0. 197
154. 0 - 537. 2332. 6. 9 mi l l i on 123. 299. 385. 5. 7 - 8. 9 0. 202
Maxi mum est i mat ed ai r cr af t r ange i s 760. mi l es
Maxi mum est i mat ed endur ance i s 4. 5 hour s
Taxi / Take- of f f uel used = 5. 88 l bs
Cl i mb f uel used = 0. 12 l bs
Descent f uel used = 0. 15 l bs
Landi ng/ Taxi f uel used = 4. 20 l bs
Reser ve f uel avai l abl e = 56. 70 l bs
Tot al f uel f or cl i mb and descent = 67. 05 l bs
Fuel avai l abl e f or cr ui se = 156. 01 l bs
Range at t ai ned dur i ng cl i mb = 0. 1 mi l es
Range at t ai ned dur i ng descent = 0. 1 mi l es
Ti me t aken dur i ng cl i mb = 0. 1 mi nut es
Ti me t aken dur i ng descent = 0. 1 mi nut es
57. 0 222. 632. 2. 2 mi l l i on 57. 376. 279. 7. 8 3. 7 0. 076
60. 0 270. 622. 2. 3 mi l l i on 60. 373. 261. 8. 4 4. 5 0. 080
70. 0 392. 617. 2. 7 mi l l i on 67. 360. 221. 9. 9 6. 5 0. 094
80. 0 460. 650. 3. 1 mi l l i on 74. 346. 203. 10. 8 7. 7 0. 107
90. 0 479. 720. 3. 5 mi l l i on 80. 333. 200. 10. 9 8. 0 0. 120
100. 0 450. 826. 3. 9 mi l l i on 85. 319. 207. 10. 6 7. 5 0. 134
110. 0 373. 969. 4. 3 mi l l i on 89. 305. 221. 9. 9 6. 2 0. 147
120. 0 248. 1150. 4. 7 mi l l i on 93. 292. 240. 9. 1 4. 1 0. 160
130. 0 75. 1370. 5. 0 mi l l i on 97. 279. 265. 8. 3 1. 3 0. 174
140. 0 - 148. 1632. 5. 4 mi l l i on 100. 267. 294. 7. 4 - 2. 5 0. 187
150. 0 - 423. 1937. 5. 8 mi l l i on 102. 256. 326. 6. 7 - 7. 1 0. 201
154. 0 - 548. 2071. 6. 0 mi l l i on 103. 252. 340. 6. 4 - 9. 1 0. 206
57. 0 91. 674. 2. 0 mi l l i on 51. 338. 298. 7. 3 1. 5 0. 077
60. 0 139. 660. 2. 1 mi l l i on 54. 335. 277. 7. 9 2. 3 0. 081
70. 0 262. 643. 2. 5 mi l l i on 60. 323. 230. 9. 5 4. 4 0. 095
80. 0 333. 663. 2. 8 mi l l i on 66. 311. 208. 10. 5 5. 6 0. 108
90. 0 357. 720. 3. 2 mi l l i on 72. 299. 200. 10. 9 6. 0 0. 122
100. 0 336. 810. 3. 5 mi l l i on 76. 286. 203. 10. 8 5. 6 0. 135
110. 0 270. 936. 3. 9 mi l l i on 80. 274. 213. 10. 3 4. 5 0. 149
120. 0 160. 1097. 4. 2 mi l l i on 84. 262. 229. 9. 5 2. 7 0. 162
130. 0 5. 1295. 4. 6 mi l l i on 87. 251. 250. 8. 7 0. 1 0. 176
140. 0 - 197. 1531. 5. 0 mi l l i on 90. 240. 275. 8. 0 - 3. 3 0. 189
150. 0 - 445. 1808. 5. 3 mi l l i on 92. 230. 304. 7. 2 - 7. 4 0. 203
154. 0 - 558. 1930. 5. 4 mi l l i on 93. 226. 317. 6. 9 - 9. 3 0. 208
57. 0 3. 706. 1. 9 mi l l i on 48. 314. 313. 7. 0 0. 0 0. 078
60. 0 52. 689. 2. 0 mi l l i on 50. 311. 289. 7. 6 0. 9 0. 082
70. 0 177. 663. 2. 3 mi l l i on 56. 301. 238. 9. 2 2. 9 0. 095
80. 0 250. 676. 2. 7 mi l l i on 62. 289. 212. 10. 3 4. 2 0. 109
90. 0 277. 723. 3. 0 mi l l i on 67. 278. 201. 10. 9 4. 6 0. 123
100. 0 261. 804. 3. 3 mi l l i on 71. 266. 201. 10. 9 4. 4 0. 136
110. 0 202. 918. 3. 7 mi l l i on 75. 255. 209. 10. 5 3. 4 0. 150
120. 0 102. 1066. 4. 0 mi l l i on 78. 244. 223. 9. 8 1. 7 0. 163
130. 0 - 42. 1250. 4. 3 mi l l i on 81. 233. 241. 9. 1 - 0. 7 0. 177
140. 0 - 229. 1470. 4. 7 mi l l i on 83. 223. 264. 8. 3 - 3. 8 0. 191
150. 0 - 461. 1729. 5. 0 mi l l i on 86. 214. 290. 7. 5 - 7. 7 0. 204
154. 0 - 567. 1843. 5. 1 mi l l i on 86. 210. 302. 7. 3 - 9. 4 0. 210
57. 0 - 86. 740. 1. 8 mi l l i on 44. 291. 328. 6. 7 - 1. 4 0. 078
60. 0 - 36. 721. 1. 9 mi l l i on 46. 288. 303. 7. 2 - 0. 6 0. 082
70. 0 91. 687. 2. 2 mi l l i on 52. 279. 246. 8. 9 1. 5 0. 096
80. 0 167. 691. 2. 5 mi l l i on 57. 268. 216. 10. 1 2. 8 0. 110
90. 0 198. 729. 2. 8 mi l l i on 62. 257. 203. 10. 8 3. 3 0. 123
100. 0 187. 800. 3. 1 mi l l i on 66. 247. 200. 10. 9 3. 1 0. 137
110. 0 136. 903. 3. 4 mi l l i on 69. 236. 205. 10. 7 2. 3 0. 151
120. 0 44. 1039. 3. 7 mi l l i on 72. 226. 217. 10. 1 0. 7 0. 165
130. 0 - 89. 1209. 4. 1 mi l l i on 75. 216. 233. 9. 4 - 1. 5 0. 178
140. 0 - 262. 1413. 4. 4 mi l l i on 77. 207. 254. 8. 6 - 4. 4 0. 192
150. 0 - 478. 1654. 4. 7 mi l l i on 79. 198. 278. 7. 9 - 8. 0 0. 206
154. 0 - 577. 1761. 4. 8 mi l l i on 80. 195. 288. 7. 6 - 9. 6 0. 211
57. 0 - 185. 782. 1. 7 mi l l i on 41. 267. 348. 6. 3 - 3. 1 0. 079
60. 0 - 134. 760. 1. 7 mi l l i on 42. 265. 320. 6. 8 - 2. 2 0. 083
70. 0 - 4. 717. 2. 0 mi l l i on 48. 256. 257. 8. 5 - 0. 1 0. 097
80. 0 75. 711. 2. 3 mi l l i on 53. 246. 223. 9. 8 1. 3 0. 111
90. 0 111. 739. 2. 6 mi l l i on 57. 236. 206. 10. 6 1. 8 0. 124
100. 0 106. 799. 2. 9 mi l l i on 60. 226. 200. 10. 9 1. 8 0. 138
110. 0 62. 891. 3. 2 mi l l i on 64. 217. 203. 10. 8 1. 0 0. 152
120. 0 - 20. 1013. 3. 5 mi l l i on 66. 207. 211. 10. 3 - 0. 3 0. 166
130. 0 - 140. 1168. 3. 8 mi l l i on 69. 198. 225. 9. 7 - 2. 3 0. 180
140. 0 - 299. 1357. 4. 1 mi l l i on 71. 190. 243. 9. 0 - 5. 0 0. 194
150. 0 - 498. 1579. 4. 4 mi l l i on 73. 182. 265. 8. 3 - 8. 3 0. 207
154. 0 - 589. 1678. 4. 5 mi l l i on 74. 179. 274. 8. 0 - 9. 8 0. 213
Wei ght Dat a :
Payl oad = 732. l bs
Fuel l oad = 223. l bs
Maxi mumt akeof f wei ght = 2300. l bs
Empt y wei ght = 1345. l bs
Mean wei ght = 2188. l bs
Maxi mumdynami c pr essur e Qmax = 53. 0 psf

Cessna Skyhawk Ii / 100 Performance Assessment: John Mciver B.Eng. (Aero) Temporal Images

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