Chapter # 9

Problem solving (7
th
edition)

Problem # 1 (9.13): an air-standard cycle is executed
within a closed piston-cylinder system and consists of
three processes as follows:
1-2: V = constant heat addition from 100 kPa and
27
o
C to 700 kPa.
2-3: isothermal expansion until V
3
= 7V
2
.
3-1: P = constant heat rejection to the initial state.
Assume air has constant properties with C
v
= 0.718
kJ/kg.K, C
p
= 1.005 kJ/kg.K, R = 0.287 kJ/kg.K, and k
= 1.4.
(a) Sketch the P-v and T-s diagrams for the cycle.
(b) Determine the ratio of the compression work to the
expansion work (back work ratio).
(c) Determine the cycle thermal efficiency.







Problem # 2 (9.15): An air-standard cycle is executed
in a closed system and is composed of the following
four processes.
1-2: isentropic compression from 100 kPa and 22
o
C to
600 kPa.
2-3: constant volume heat addition to 1500 K.
3-4: isentropic expansion to 100 kPa.
4-1: constant pressure heat rejection to initial state.
Assume air has constant properties with C
v
= 0.718
kJ/kg.K, C
p
= 1.005 kJ/kg.K, R = 0.287 kJ/kg.K, and k
= 1.4.
(a) Show the cycle on P-v and T-s diagrams.
(b) Calculate the net work output per unit mass.
(c) Determine the thermal efficiency.


Problem # 3 (9.30): An ideal Otto cycle has a
compression ratio of 10.5, takes in air at 90 kPa and
40
o
C, and is repeated 2500 times per minute. Using
constant specific heats at room temperature, determine
the thermal efficiency of this cycle and the rate of heat
input if the cycle is to produce 90 kW of power.



Problem # 4 (9.33): An ideal Otto cycle has a
compression ratio of 8 and takes in air at 95 kPa and
15
o
C, and the maximum cycle temperature is 1200
o
C.
Determine the heat transferred to and rejected from this
cycle, as well as the cycles thermal efficiency.

Problem # 5 (9.35): The compression ratio of an air-
standard Otto cycle is 9.5. Prior to the isentropic
compression process, the air is at 100 kPa, 35
o
C, and
600 cm
3
. The temperature at the end of isentropic
expansion process is 800 K. Using specific heat values
at room temperature, determine (a) the highest
temperature and pressure in the cycle; (b) the amount of
heat transferred; (c) the thermal efficiency; and (d) the
mean effective pressure.

Problem # 6 (9.39): A four-cylinder, four-stroke 1.6 L
gasoline engine operates on the Otto cycle with
compression ratio of 11. The air is at 100 kPa and 37
o
C
at the beginning of the compression process, and the
maximum pressure in the cycle is 8 MPa. The
compression and expansion processes may be modelled
as polytropic processes with k = 1.3. c
v
= 0.823
kJ/kg.K. Determine
(a) the temperature at the end of the expansion process.
(b) the net work output and thermal efficiency.
(c) the mean effective pressure.
(d) the engine speed for a net power output of 50 kW.

Problem # 7 (9.47): An ideal Diesel cycle has a
compression ratio of 20 and cutoff ratio of 1.3.
Determine the maximum temperature of the air and the
rate of heat addition to this cycle when it produces 250
kW of power. The air is at 90 kPa and 15
o
C at the end
of the suction stroke.

Problem # 8 (9.52): An ideal Diesel engine has a
compression ratio of 20 and uses air as the working
fluid. The state of the air at the beginning of the
compression process is 95 kPa and 20
o
C. If the
maximum temperature in the cycle is not to exceed
2200 K, determine
(a) the thermal efficiency.
(b) the mean effective pressure.
Use constant specific heats at room temperature.

Problem # 9 (9.57): An air-standard dual cycle has a
compression ratio of 18 and cutoff ratio of 1.1. the
pressure ratio during constant volume heat addition
process is 1.1. At the beginning of the compression, P
1

= 90 kPa, T
1
= 18
o
C, and V
1
= 0.003 m
3
. How much
power this cycle will produce when it is executed 4000
times per minute? Use constant specific heats at room
temperature.


Problem # 10 (9.59): An ideal dual cycle has a
compression ratio of 15 and a cutoff ratio of 1.4. The
pressure ratio during constant-volume heat addition
process is 1.1. The air at the beginning of the
compression is P
1
= 98 kPa and T
1
= 24
o
C. Calculate
the cycles thermal efficiency, net specific work, and
specific heat addition. Use constant specific heats at
room temperature.


Problem # 11 (9.81): A simple ideal Brayton cycle with
air as the working fluid has a pressure ratio of 10. The
air enters the compressor at 290 K and the turbine at
1100 K. Assuming constant specific heats, determine
(a) the air temperature at the compressor exit, (b) the
back work ratio, and (c) the thermal efficiency.





Problem # 12 (9.85): A simple ideal Brayton cycle uses
helium as the working fluid; operates with 83 kPa and
15
o
C at the compressor inlet; has a pressure ratio of 14;
and a maximum cycle temperature of 700
o
C. How
much power will this cycle produce when the flow rate
of helium is 50 kg/min in the cycle? Use constant
specific heats at room temperature. C
p
= 5.1926
kJ/kg.K, k = 1.667.


Problem # 13 (9.94): A gas-turbine power plant
operates on the simple Brayton cycle between the
pressure limits of 100 and 800 kPa. Air enters the
compressor at 30
o
C and leaves at 330
o
C at a mass flow
rate of 200 kg/s. The maximum cycle temperature is
1400 K. During operation of the cycle, the net power
output is measured experimentally to be 60 MW.
Assume constant properties of air at 300 K with cv =
0.718 kJ/kg.K, cp = 1.005 kJ/kg.K R = 0.287 kJ/kg.K, k
= 1.4.

(a) Sketch the T-s diagram for the cycle.
(b) Determine the isentropic efficiency of the turbine
for these operating conditions.
(c) Determine the cycle thermal efficiency.