Claudine Beausoleil - Final.

doc Page 1
ENGR 2257 E, Page 1 Dr. R. Henda
LAURENTIAN UNIVERSITY
UNIVERSIT LAURENTIENNE
Date: April 17, 2003 Course and no: ENGR 2257 E
Cours et no
Total no. of pages: 8
Nombre total de pages Questions: 7
Professor: Dr. Redhouane Henda Time Allowed: 3 hours/heures
Professeur Dure de l'examen
OTHER INSTRUCTIONS
Autres Directives
Read carefully then answer all the following questions 1.
Answer questions directly on the questionnaire 2.
Closed book exam 3.
Hands-out and calculators are permitted 4.
Use examination booklet for rough work 5.
Mark schedule as indicated (out of 100) 6.
NAME: STUDENT NO.: ___________________
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ENGR 2257 E, Page 2 Dr. R. Henda
Problem I (10): State the number of boundary layers in transport phenomena, and explain in detail
each one of them. Use sketches.
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ENGR 2257 E, Page 3 Dr. R. Henda
Problem II (15): One dimensional, steady-state conduction without internal heat generation occurs in a
plane wall of constant thermal conductivity, k = 4.5 W/(m K), as shown in the sketch.
1) Is the prescribed temperature distribution possible?
(Hint: show that energy is not conserved at the interface
between the wall and the fluid). Data: h = 30 W/(m
2
K).
2) With the temperature at x = 0 and the fluid
temperature fixed at T(0) = 0
o
C and T = 20
o
C,
respectively, compute and plot the temperature
at x = L = 0.18 m, T(L), as a function of h for 10 h 100 W/(m
2
K). Briefly explain your results.
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ENGR 2257 E, Page 4 Dr. R. Henda
Problem III (15): A hollow aluminum sphere, with an electrical heater in the center, is used in tests to
determine the thermal conductivity of insulating materials (see sketch). The inner and outer radii of the
sphere are 0.15 and 0.18 m, respectively, and testing
is done under steady-state conditions with the inner
surface of the aluminum maintained at 250
o
C. In a
particular test, a spherical shell of insulation is cast on
the outer surface of the sphere to a thickness of 0.12 m.
The system is in a room for which the air temperature is
20
o
C and the convection coefficient at the outer surface of the insulation is 30W/(m
2
K). If 80 W are
dissipated by the heater under steady-state conditions,
1) Construct the thermal circuit of the system
2) Calculate the thermal conductivity of the insulation
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ENGR 2257 E, Page 5 Dr. R. Henda
Problem IV (15): The extent to which the tip condition affects the thermal performance of a fin depends
on the fin geometry and thermal conductivity, as well as the convection coefficient. Consider an alloyed
aluminum (k = 180 W/(m K))
rectangular fin of length L = 10 mm,
thickness t = 1 mm, and width w >> t as
shown in the sketch. The base temperature
of the fin is Tb = 100
o
C, and the fin is
exposed to a fluid of temperature T = 25
o
C.
1) Assuming a uniform convection coefficient of h = 100 W/(m
2
K) over the entire fin surface, determine
the fin heat rate per unit width,
f
q&
, efficiency, f , effectiveness, f , thermal resistance per unit width,
f t
R
,
&
, and the tip temperature, T(L), for cases A and B of Table 3.4. Contrast your results with those
based on an infinite fin approximation.
2) Explore the effect of variations in the convection coefficient on the heat rate for 10 < h < 1000 W/(m
2

K). Also consider the effect of such variations for a stainless steel fin (k = 15 W/(m K)).
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ENGR 2257 E, Page 6 Dr. R. Henda
Problem V (15): Consider two-dimensional, steady-state conduction in a square cross section with
prescribed surface temperatures (see sketch).
1) Determine the temperatures at nodes 1, 2, 3, and 4 using
the method of Gauss-Seidel. (initial guess: T1 = 100
o
C, T2 = ,
150
o
C, T3 = 150
o
C, and T4 = 250
o
C)
2) Estimate the mid-point temperature.
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ENGR 2257 E, Page 7 Dr. R. Henda
Problem VI (15): Asphalt pavement may achieve temperatures as high as 50
o
C on a hot summer day.
Assume that such a temperature exists throughout
the pavement, when suddenly a rainstorm reduces
the surface temperature to 20
o
C. Calculate the total
amount of energy,
Q
& &
(J/m
2
), that will be transferred
from the asphalt over 30-min period in which the
surface is maintained at 20
o
C. (Hint:
dt t q Q
s
) (

= & &
& &
).

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ENGR 2257 E, Page 8 Dr. R. Henda
Problem VII (15): Pulverized coal, which may be approximated as pure carbon spheres of radius ro = 1
mm, is burned in pure oxygen at 1450 K and 1 atm as
depicted in the sketch. Oxygen is transferred to the
particle surface by diffusion where it is consumed in
a reaction of the form C + O2
_____
> CO2. Assuming
the surface reaction to be infinite and neglecting the change in ro
1) Write down the equation of mass balance in spherical coordinates (along r and outside the carbon
sphere), and obtain expressions for the radial distributions of the CO2 and O2 concentrations.
2) Calculate the O2 molar consumption rate.