EC 1032 EMBEDDED SYSTEM DESIGN

AIM
To introduce to the functional building blocks of an embedded system for developing a real time
system application.

1. INTRODUCTION TO EMBEDDED SYSTEM

Introduction to functional building blocks of embedded systems – Register, memory devices,
ports, timer, interrupt controllers using circuit block diagram representation for each categories.

2. PROCESSOR AND MEMORY ORGANIZATION

Structural units in a processor; selection of processor & memory devices; shared memory; DMA;
interfacing processor, memory and I/O units; memory management – Cache mapping techniques,
dynamic allocation - Fragmentation.

3. DEVICES & BUSES FOR DEVICES NETWORK

I/O devices; timer & counting devices; serial communication using I 2C, CAN, USB buses;
parallel communication using ISA, PCI, PCI/X buses, arm bus; interfacing with devices/ports,
device drivers in a system – Serial port & parallel port.

4. I/O PROGRAMMING SCHEDULE MECHANISM

Intel I/O instruction – Transfer rate, latency; interrupt driven I/O - Non-maskable interrupts;
software interrupts, writing interrupt service routine in C & assembly languages; preventing
interrupt overrun; disability interrupts.

Multi threaded programming – Context switching, premature & non-premature multitasking,

semaphores.

Scheduling – Thread states, pending threads, context switching, round robin scheduling, priority
based scheduling, assigning priorities, deadlock, watch dog timers.

5. REAL TIME OPERATING SYSTEM (RTOS)

Introduction to basic concepts of RTOS, Basics of real time & embedded system operating
systems, RTOS – Interrupt handling, task scheduling; embedded system design issues in system
development process – Action plan, use of target system, emulator, use of software tools.

TEXT BOOKS
1. Rajkamal, ‘Embedded System – Architecture, Programming, Design’, Tata McGraw Hill, 2003.

2. Daniel W. Lewis ‘Fundamentals of Embedded Software’, Prentice Hall of India, 2004.

REFERENCE BOOKS
1. David E. Simon, ‘An Embedded Software Primer’, Pearson Education, 2004.

2. Frank Vahid, ‘Embedded System Design – A Unified Hardware & Software Introduction’, John
Wiley, 2002.

3. Sriram V. Iyer, Pankaj Gupte, ‘Embedded Real Time Systems Programming’, Tata McGraw Hill,
2004.

4. Steve Heath, ‘Embedded System Design’, II edition, Elsevier, 2003.

IC 1403 NEURAL NETWORK AND FUZZY LOGIC CONTROL

AIM
 To cater the knowledge of Neural Networks and Fuzzy Logic Control and use
these for controlling real time systems.

1. ARCHITECTURES
Introduction – Biological neuron – Artificial neuron – Neuron modeling – Learning rules – Single
layer – Multi layer feed forward network – Back propagation – Learning factors.

2. NEURAL NETWORKS FOR CONTROL

Feed back networks – Discrete time hop field networks – Transient response of continuous time
networks – Applications of artificial neural network - Process identification – Neuro controller
for inverted pendulum.

3. FUZZY SYSTEMS
Classical sets – Fuzzy sets – Fuzzy relations – Fuzzification – Defuzzification – Fuzzy rules.

4. FUZZY LOGIC CONTROL

Membership function – Knowledge base – Decision-making logic – Optimisation of membership
function using neural networks – Adaptive fuzzy system – Introduction to genetic algorithm.

5. APPLICATION OF FLC
Fuzzy logic control – Inverted pendulum – Image processing – Home heating system – Blood
pressure during anesthesia – Introduction to neuro fuzzy controller.

TEXT BOOKS
1. Jacek M. Zurada, ‘Introduction to Artificial Neural Systems’, Jaico Publishing home, 2002.

2. Timothy J. Ross, ‘Fuzzy Logic with Engineering Applications’, Tata McGraw Hill, 1997.

REFERENCE BOOKS
1. Laurance Fausett, Englewood cliffs, N.J., ‘Fundamentals of Neural Networks’, Pearson
Education, 1992.

2. H.J. Zimmermann, ‘Fuzzy Set Theory & its Applications’, Allied Publication Ltd., 1996.

3. Simon Haykin, ‘Neural Networks’, Pearson Education, 2003.

4. John Yen & Reza Langari, ‘Fuzzy Logic – Intelligence Control & Information’, Pearson
Education, New Delhi, 2003.