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Drugs
Range of Efects Development of
Tolerance
Prolonged Use
of Large
Amounts
Withdrawal
ymptoms
After Prolonged
Use
!rom To
alcohol
- Beer
- Wine
- Hard Liquor
Depressant
Relaxation,
lowered
inhibitions,
reduced intensity
of physical
sensations,
digestive upsets,
body heat loss,
reduced
uscular
coordination!
Loss of body
control, passing
out "also causing
physical in#uries$,
susceptibility to
pneuonia,
cessation of
breathing!
%oderate
Liver daage,
ulcers, chronic
diarrhea,
anesia,
voiting, brain
daage, internal
bleeding,
debilitation!
&onvulsions,
sha'es,
hallucinations,
loss of eory,
uncontrolled
uscular spass,
psychosis!
edative
"ypnotics
Barbiturates(
- )ebutal
- *henobarbital
- +econal
Depressant
Relaxation,
lowered
inhibitions,
reduced intensity
of physical
*assing out, loss
of body control,
stupor, severe
depression of
respiration,
possible death!
%oderate
,nesia,
confusion,
drowsiness,
personality
changes!
-ranquili.ers(
- /aliu
- Libriu
- 0uaaludes
sensations,
digestive upsets,
body heat loss,
reduced
uscular
coordination!
"12ects are
exaggerated
when used in
cobination with
alcohol -
synergistic
e2ect$!
Psychoactive
Drugs
Range of Efects Development of
Tolerance
Prolonged Use
of Large
Amounts
Withdrawal
ymptoms
After Prolonged
Use
!rom To
#piates
- 3piu
- %orphine
- Heroin
- &odeine
- Dilaudids
- *ercodan
- Darvon
- %ethadone
Depressant
+uppression of
pain, lowered
blood pressure
and respiratory
rate,
constipation,
disruption of
enstrual cycle,
&lay s'in,
convulsions,
coa, respiratory
depression,
possible death!
High
Depressed sexual
drive, lethargy,
general physical
debilitation,
infections,
hepatitis
Water eyes,
running nose,
severe bac'
pains, stoach
craps,
sleeplessness,
nausea, diarrhea,
sweating, uscle
spass!
hallucinations,
sleep!
timulants
,phetaines
- Dexedrine
- %etha-
phetaines
- +peed
- Diet *ills
3ther +tiulants
- Ritalin
- &ocaine
- &a2eine
+tiulation of
&entral )ervous
+yste
4ncreased blood
pressure and
pulse rate,
appetite loss,
increased
alertness, dilated
and dried out
bronchi,
restlessness,
insonia!
*aranoid
reaction,
teporary
psychosis,
irritability,
convulsions,
palpitations! ")ot
generally true for
ca2eine!$
High
*sychosis,
insonia,
paranoia,
nervous syste
daage! ")ot
generally true for
ca2eine!$
+evere
depression, both
physical and
ental! ")ot true
for ca2eine!$
Psychoactive
Drugs
Range of Efects Development of
Tolerance
Prolonged Use
of Large
Amounts
Withdrawal
ymptoms
After Prolonged
Use
!rom To
alcohol
- Beer
- Wine
- Hard Liquor
Depressant
Relaxation,
lowered
inhibitions,
reduced intensity
of physical
sensations,
digestive upsets,
body heat loss,
reduced
uscular
coordination!
Loss of body
control, passing
out "also causing
physical in#uries$,
susceptibility to
pneuonia,
cessation of
breathing!
%oderate
Liver daage,
ulcers, chronic
diarrhea,
anesia,
voiting, brain
daage, internal
bleeding,
debilitation!
&onvulsions,
sha'es,
hallucinations,
loss of eory,
uncontrolled
uscular spass,
psychosis!
edative
"ypnotics
Barbiturates(
- )ebutal
- *henobarbital
- +econal
-ranquili.ers(
- /aliu
- Libriu
- 0uaaludes
Depressant
Relaxation,
lowered
inhibitions,
reduced intensity
of physical
sensations,
digestive upsets,
body heat loss,
reduced
*assing out, loss
of body control,
stupor, severe
depression of
respiration,
possible death!
"12ects are
exaggerated
when used in
cobination with
%oderate
,nesia,
confusion,
drowsiness,
personality
changes!
uscular
coordination!
alcohol -
synergistic
e2ect$!
Psychoactive
Drugs
Range of Efects Development of
Tolerance
Prolonged Use
of Large
Amounts
Withdrawal
ymptoms
After Prolonged
Use
!rom To
Psychedelics
- L+D
- %escaline
- *silocybin
- *&*
,lteration of
%ental *rocess
Distorted
perceptions,
hallucinations,
confusion,
voiting!
*sychosis,
hallucinations,
voiting,
anxiety, panic,
stupor!
With *&*(
,ggressive
behavior,
catatonia,
convulsions,
coa, high blood
pressure!
High
*sychosis,
continued
hallucinations,
ental
disruption!
3ccasional
5ashbac'
phenoena,
depression!
T"$ +edation, Distorted ,otivation "loss )o true
- %ari#uana
- Hashish
euphoria,
increased
appetite, altered
ental process!
perception,
anxiety, panic!
%oderate of drive$! withdrawal
syptos except
possible
depression!
+peci6c Drugs and -heir 12ects
Drug )ae( Alcohol
Drug -ype( Depressant
7acts for
*arents(
89: of ;th graders have aditted to being intoxicated at least once!
3ther
)aes(
Beer, wine, liquor, cooler, alt liquor, boo.e
How
&onsued(
3rally
12ects( ,ddiction "alcoholis$, di..iness, nausea, voiting, hangovers, slurred speech, disturbed sleep,
ipaired otor s'ills, violent behavior, fetal alcohol syndroe, respiratory depression and death
"high doses$!
Drug )ae( Amphetamines
Drug -ype( +tiulant
7acts for
*arents(
&hronic use can induce psychosis with syptos siilar to schi.ophrenia!
3ther
)aes(
+peed, uppers, ups, hearts, blac' beauties, pep pills, capilots, buble bees, Ben.edrine, Dexedrine,
footballs, biphetaine
How
&onsued(
3rally, in#ected, snorted, or so'ed
12ects( ,ddiction, irritability, anxiety, increased blood pressure, paranoia, psychosis, depression, aggression,
convulsions, dilated pupils, di..iness, sleeplessness, loss of appetite, alnutrition! 4ncreased ris' of
exposure to H4/, hepatitis, and other infectious diseases if in#ected!
Drug )ae( %etamphetamines
Drug -ype( +tiulant
7acts for
*arents(
+oe users avoid sleep < to =9 days!
3ther )aes( +peed, eth, cran', crystal, ice, 6re, croa', crypto, white cross, glass! >4ce> is the street nae for the
so'eable for!
How
&onsued(
3rally, in#ected, snorted, or so'ed
12ects( ,ddiction, irritability, aggression, hypotheria, stro'e, paranoia, psychosis, convulsions, heart and
blood vessel toxicity, hallucinations, arrhythia, forication "the sensation of insects creeping on or
under your s'in$!
Drug )ae( Ecstasy
Drug -ype( +tiulants
7acts for
*arents(
1cstasy is popular at all-night underground parties "called raves$ and is the ost coon designer
drug!
3ther )aes( ?-&, ,da, %D%,
How
&onsued(
3rally
12ects( *sychiatric disturbances, including panic, anxiety, depression, and paranoia! %uscle tension, nausea,
blurred vision, sweating, increased heart rate, treors, hallucinations, fainting, chills, sleep
probles, and reduced appetite
Drug )ae( Ritalin
Drug -ype( +tiulant
7acts for
*arents(
+oe children buy or steal fro their classates
3ther )aes( +peed, west coast
How
&onsued(
-ablet is crushed, and the powder is snorted or in#ected!
12ects( Loss of appetite, fevers, convulsions, and severe headaches! 4ncreased ris' of exposure to H4/,
hepatitis, and other infections! *aranoia, hallucinations, excessive repetition of oveents and
eaningless tas's, treors, uscle twitching!
Drug )ae( "er&al Ecstasy'Ephedrine
Drug -ype( Herbal 1cstasy, &loud @, Rave 1nergy, Altiate, ?phoria, and ?
7acts for
*arents(
-he active ingredients in Herbal 1cstasy are ca2eine and ephedrine!
How
&onsued(
3rally
12ects( 4ncreased heart rate and blood pressure! +ei.ures, heart attac's, stro'e, and death!
Drug )ae( Designer Drugs
Drug -ype( +tiulants
7acts for
*arents(
&hanging the olecular structure of an existing drug or drugs to create a new substance creates
Designer drugs!
3ther )aes( +ynthetic heroin, goodfella
How
&onsued(
4n#ected, sni2ed, or so'ed!
12ects( 4nstant respiratory paralysis! *otency creates strong possibility for overdose, any of the sae
e2ects as heroin!
Drug )ae( $ocaine
Drug -ype( +tiulant
7acts for
*arents(
&ocaine is a powerfully addictive drug! Heavy use ay produce paranoia, hallucinations, aggression,
insonia, and depression!
3ther )aes( &o'e, snow, nose candy, 5a'e, blow, big &, lady, white, snowbirds!
How
&onsued(
+norted or dissolved in water and in#ected!
12ects( ,ddiction, pupil dilation, elevated blood pressure and heart rate! 4ncreased respiratory rate, sei.ures,
heart attac', insonia, anxiety, restlessness, irritability, increased body teperature, death fro
overdose!
Drug
)ae(
$rac(
Drug -ype( +tiulant
7acts for
*arents(
, cheaper for of cocaine that ay be ore addicting!
3ther
)aes(
Roc', freebase
12ects( +ae as cocaine
Drug
)ae(
"eroin
Drug -ype( 3piates
7acts for
*arents(
Heroin users quic'ly develop a tolerance to the drug and need ore and ore of it to get the sae
e2ects, or even to feel well!
3ther +ac', horse, ud, brown, sugar, #un', blac' tar, big H, dope!
)aes(
12ects( ,ddiction! +lurred speech, slow gait, constricted pupils, droopy eyelids, ipaired night vision, nodding
o2, respiratory depression or failure, dry itching s'in, and s'in infections! 4ncreased ris' of exposure to
H4/, hepatitis, and other infectious diseases if in#ected!
Drug )ae( P$P
Drug -ype( Hallucinogens
7acts for
*arents(
%ari#uana #oints can be dipped into *&* without the so'erBs 'nowledge!
3ther )aes( ,ngel dust, o.one, roc'et fuel, peace pill, elephant tranquili.er, dust!
How
&onsued(
+norted, so'ed, orally, or in#ected!
12ects( Hallucinations! 3ut-of-body experiences, ipaired otor coordination, inability to feel physical pain,
respiratory attac', disorientation, fear, panic, aggressive behavior! 4ncreased ris' of exposure to H4/,
hepatitis, and other infectious diseases if in#ected! Death!
Drug )ae( LD )Lysergic Acid Diethyl amide*
Drug -ype( Hallucinogen
7acts for
*arents(
L+D is the ost coon hallucinogen! L+D tabs are often decorated with colorful designs or cartoon
characters!
3ther )aes( ,cid, icrodot, tabs, doses, trips, hits, sugar cubes!
How
&onsued(
-abs ta'en orally or gelatinCliquid put in eyes!
12ects( 1levated body teperature and blood pressure, suppressed appetite, sleeplessness, treors, chronic
recurring hallucinations!
Drug )ae( %ushrooms
Drug -ype( Hallucinogens
7acts for
*arents(
%any ushroo users purchase hallucinogenic ushroo spores via ail order!
3ther
)aes(
+hroos, caps, agic ushroos!
How
&onsued(
1aten or brewed and drun' in tea!
12ects( 4ncreased blood pressure, sweating, nausea, hallucinations!
Drug )ae( +nhalants
7acts for
*arents(
Hundreds of legal household products can be sni2ed or hu2ed to get high! ,ll inhalants can be toxic!
3ther )aes( Laughing gas, whippets, aerosol sprays, cleaning 5uids, solvents!
How
&onsued(
/apors are inhaled
12ects( Headache, uscle wea'ness, abdoinal pain, severe ood swings and violent behavior, nausea,
nose bleedsD liver, lung, and 'idney daageD dangerous cheical ibalances in the body, lac' of
coordination, fatigue, loss of appetite, decreases in heart and respiratory rates, hepatitis, or
peripheral neuropathy fro long-ter use!
Drug )ae( %ari,uana
7acts for
*arents(
-he average age of 6rst use is =E! &an be so'ed using hoeade pipes and bongs ade fro soda
cans or plastic beverage containers!
3ther Weed, pot, reefer, grass, dope, gan#a, %ary Fane, sinseilla, herb, ,unt %ary, s'un', boo, 'if,
)aes( gangster, chronic, E8G!
How
&onsued(
+o'ed or eaten!
12ects( Bloodshot eyes, dry outh, ipaired or reduced coprehension, altered sense of tie, reduced
ability to perfor tas's requiring concentration and coordination --such as driving a car, paranoia,
intense anxiety attac's, altered cognition, a'ing acquisition of new inforation diHcultD
ipairents in learning, eory, perception, and #udgentD diHculty spea'ing, listening e2ectively,
thin'ing, retaining 'nowledge, proble solving!
Drug )ae( teroids
7acts for
*arents(
+teroid users sub#ect theselves to ore than IG : potentially harful side e2ects!
3ther
)aes(
Rhoids, #uice
How
&onsued(
3rally or in#ected into uscle
12ects( Liver cancer +terility, asculine traits in woen and feinine traits in en, aggression, depression,
acne, ood swings!
Drug )ae( To&acco
7acts for
*arents(
= in 9 =8th graders is a daily so'er! How &onsued( &igarettes, cigars, pipes, so'eless tobacco
"chew, dip, and snu2$!
12ects( ,ddiction, heart disease, cancer of the lung, larynx, esophagus, bladder, pancreas, 'idney, and
outh! 1physea and chronic bronchitis, spontaneous abortion, low birth weight!
Here are suaries of the e2ect of select street drugs on the brain! +oe of the introductory inforation is
derived fro ,bout!co! +elect authoritative references for inforation about e2ects of drugs on the brain
include(
Drug Abuse in the Decade of the Brain, Jabriel J! )ahas and -! 7! Bur's, 1ds!, 43+ *ress, =@@I!
Drug Ase and ,buse, Fean-*ierre &hangeux, in The Brain by J! %! 1delan and F! &hangeux, editors,
-ransaction *ublishers, 8GG=!
"eroin
Heroin is a highly addictive opiate "li'e orphine$! Brain cells can becoe dependent "highly addictive$ on
this drug to the extent that users need it in order to function in their daily routine! While heroin use starts out
with a rush of pleasure, it leaves the use in a fog for any hours afterwards! Asers soon 6nd that their sole
purpose in life is to have ore of the drug that their body has becoe dependant on!
7ro Da'ota +tate Aniversity, a great resource on the e2ects of various drugs on the body and brain!
+ee also, )ational 4nstitute on Drug ,buse facts about heroin!
%ari,uana
-he parts of the brain that control eotions, eory, and #udgent are a2ected by ari#uana! +o'ing it
can not only wea'en short-ter eory, but can bloc' inforation fro a'ing it into long ter eory! 4t
has also been shown to wea'en proble solving ability!
Cannabis and Cognitive Functioning, )adia +olowi, &abridge Aniv! *ress, =@@;!
Alcohol
,lcohol is no safer than drugs! ,lcohol ipairs #udgent and leads to eory lapses! 4t can lead to blac'outs!
4t distorts vision, shortens coordination, and in addition to the brain can daage every other organ in the
body!
$ocaine
&ocaine, both in powder for and as crac', is an extreely addictive stiulant! ,n addict usually loses
interest in any areas of life, including school, sports, faily, and friends! Ase of cocaine can lead to feelings
of paranoia and anxiety! ,lthough often used to enhance sex drive, physical e2ect of cocaine on the receptors
in the brain reduce the ability to feel pleasure "which in turn causes the dependency on the drug$!
Cocaine: Efects on the Developing Brain, ",nnals of the )ew Kor' ,cadey of +ciences$, Fohn ,! Harvey and
Barry 1! Losofs'y, 1ds!, )ew Kor' ,cadey of +ciences, =@@;!
The Neurobiology of Cocaine Addiction: From Bench to Bedside, Heran Foseph and Barry +tiel, 1ds!,
Haworth *ress, =@@I!
+ee )ational 4nstitute on Drug ,buse facts about cocaine and crac'!
+nhalants
4nhalants, such as glue, gasoline, hair spray, and paint thinner, are sni2ed! -he e2ect on the brain is alost
iediate! ,nd while soe vapors leave the body quic'ly, others will reain for a long tie! -he fatty tissues
protecting the nerve cells in the brain are destroyed by inhalant vapors! -his slows down or even stops neural
transissions! 12ects of inhalants include diinished ability to learn, reeber, and solve probles!
+ee )ational 4nstitute on Drug ,buse facts about inhalants!
Ecstasy
1xtended use of this aphetaine causes diHculty di2erentiating reality and fantasy, and causes probles
concentrating! +tudies have found that ecstasy destroys certain cells in the brain! While the cells ay re-
connect after discontinued use of the drug, they donBt re-connect norally! Li'e ost drugs, this one ipairs
eory and can cause paranoia, anxiety, and confusion!
+ee )ational 4nstitute on Drug ,buse facts about ecstasy!
LD
While soe people use L+D for the sense of enhanced and vivid sensory experience, it can cause paranoia,
confusion, anxiety, and panic attac's! Li'e 1cstasy, the user often blurs reality and fantasy, and has a
distorted view of tie and distance!
+ee )ational 4nstitute on Drug ,buse facts about L+D!
teroids
,nabolic steroids are used to iprove athletic perforance and gain uscle bul'! Anfortunately, steroids
cause oodiness and can peranently ipair learning and eory abilities!
+ee )ational 4nstitute on Drug ,buse facts about steroids!
To&acco
-obacco is a dangerous drug, putting nicotine into your body! )icotine a2ects the brain quic'ly, li'e other
inhalants, producing feelings of pleasure, li'e cocaine, and is highly addictive, li'e heroin!
+ee )ational 4nstitute on Drug ,buse facts about nicotine!
%ethamphetamine
Lnown on the street as eth, speed, chal', ice, crystal, and glass, ethaphetaine is an addictive
stiulant that strongly activates certain systes in the brain!
+ee )ational 4nstitute on Drug ,buse facts about ethaphetaine!
Ritalin
-his drug is often prescribed to treat attention de6cit disorder! 4t is becoing an illicit street drug as well! Drug
users loo'ing for a high will crush Ritalin into a powder and snort it li'e cocaine, or in#ect it li'e heroin! 4t then
has a uch ore powerful e2ect on the body! 4t causes severe headaches, anxiety, paranoia, and delusions!
Amphetamines