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Rural road connectivity is one of the key components for rural development, as it
promotes access to economic and social services, generating agricultural income
and productive employment. There are number of important points to be
considered while involving suitable and economical designs for the low volume
rural roads in India. For construction and maintenance as well as the level of
quality control that can be effectively exercised in rural areas. To the extent
possible, the use of locally available materials as such or after suitable processing
has to be maximized in the larger interest of economy.
The study is aimed to improve engineering performance of locally available in situ
material for subbase and base course of rural road. The name of innovative
material is Consolid system of soil stabilization which is suggested by The
Committee for Accreditation of New Materials and Techniques formed under the
aegis of Highway Research Board of Indian Roads Congress to accredit patented
or new materials/techniques, developed in India/abroad and evaluated as per
recognized National/International Specifications has accredited the Consolid
System for stabilization of subbase/base course on dated 4th August 2009
The study area is selected by NRRDA at East GujaratRural road to check the
improvement in soil parameter useful for rural road construction. The soil in East
Gujarat contain Gravel with marginal proportion of clay particles. For efficient
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performance Consolid system demand equal proportion of Gravel, sand and silt &
clay particles. One study stretch of length 1 Km is constructed by locally available
in situ clay with treatment by Consolid system and CBR, UCS and Capillary rise
tests are performed. Soak CBR is improved 18.55% from 3.2% and UCS is
improved 2000 kPa from 250 kPa. which shows significant improvement in
engineering properties of soil.
The treatment has made possible to use locally available in situ material. It also
replace the granular material i.e. GSB material in sub base course, and also
consolid system reduces the demand for heavy wearing course save resources
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and construction time.
Introduction
The Soil stabilization, in the broadest sense it is the alteration of any inherent
property of a soil to improve its engineering performance. Improvement of
stability or bearing power, density, shear parameter, reduce compressibility,
permeability, swelling and shrinkage property by the use of controlled
compaction, proportioning and/ or the addition of suitable admixtures or
stabilizers.
The Consolid System
The Consolid system is a Swiss Technology for Permanent Soil Stabilization.
Producer of consolid system in India is Grace & Sachi Enterprise-Ahmedabad and
(/Online_Edition/NBMCW/Septemberthe competent authority of this company is Mr. Manish Shah. Consolid444
2014/index.htm)
(Liquid) and Solidry (Powder) products are commercial. Table 1 shows the
View Online
Sr.
Details
Consolid 444
Solidry (SD)
Previous Issues (/nbmcw- No
Blend of 96.5 % of
issue-archives/168-nbmcwAqueous solution of a mixture of 20% monoChemical
Portland
cement
archives-2014.html)
1
molecular and poly-molecular interfacial active
composition
and lime, coated
substance. -Organic material
with 3.5 % Solidry
2 Form
Liquid
Powder
3 Color
Light grey
prevents
reducing
the
capillary
activity
Reduce the treated soil
permeability Lower OMC and Higher density of from water soaking
treated soil Strongly reduced swelling and in by closing the
shrinking behavior
capillary.
The
consolid
soil
stabilisation
system
was
expressly
developed
for
soil
View Online
can speed up this process. The consolid soil stabilization system speeds up the
(/Online_Edition/MGS/Septembernatural process of solidification of all kinds of cohesive soil. It improves and
2014/index.htm)
consolidates the soil. The consolid system is changing the behaviour of any soil
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itself toward petrification and does not act as a binder or chemical reactant. A
(/component/ars/repository/mgssoil, once treated remains treated for permanent and will keep the advantages of
architecture/mgs-
the upgrade without timely limitation. A treatment of soils with additives products
september-2014-pdf.html) of the consolid system allows to upgrade any kind of soil to risk free construction
material. The improvement of the treated soil is substantial and allows to
architecture-2014/mgs-
archives/169-mgsarchitecture-archives-
rehabilitation. The treatment improves not only the stability and loading capacity;
it enables also a tailored realization of full impermeability, which allows to use
2014.html)
treated soil as lining in ponds or artificial lakes, dams and other water exposed
constructions. Such treated impermeable soil material is also excellent
construction material for dams, railway embankments and formations, but also of
high value to form bottom soil layers as well as covering soil material at disposal
areas to avoid seepage and the pollution of groundwater.
The consolid system for soil stabilization is always affected by two products,
which are used together. It is consolid444 (C444) and solidry (SD). Consolid444
(C444) liquid components and solidry is a powder like component. The two
components are mixed with the soil. Afterwards the soil is fully compacted. The
consolid soil stabilisation system can be used for almost every kind of soil. The
consolid soil stabilisation system is a total system, not only compaction aid or
something else. It allows to change the behaviour of the treated soil completely.
Water is the most effective enemy of stability; consolid fights against the
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(California Bearing Ratio) taken as an indicator for the bearing capacity of a soil,
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M
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with the material brought from outside and avoiding the cost of both transportations, one of the most
important advantages of the consolid system is the opportunity to use and develop the local material that
generally causes costs to increase, when local material needs to be exchanged with the material that is
brought from outside, the opportunity to pre-mixing the material and saving construction time.
As cement and lime are additives with hydraulic binding properties, they significantly increase the CBR values
of any soil they are applied. However, consolid system does not have any binding property. Although the
natural soil sample used in this study is not a type of soil on which consolid system has a maximum effect, it is
considered that good CBR values are obtained. Since the consolid soil stabilisation products interact with the
fine particles that thanks to the treatment can be used as natural binders, sand has to be mixed with cohesive
soil prior to the treatment with the consolid soil stabilisation additives in order to obtain a content of fines of
approximately 20%30%. The soil mix prepared in this way can then be treated just as any other soil. In
principle all cohesive or semi-cohesive soils or soils with a certain amount of silt (0.0020.1 mm) lead to a
permanent soil stabilisation. The optimal soil mixture is 1/3 clay and silt (00.2 mm), 1/3 sand (0.22 mm),
and gravel and stones (2200 mm). Missing fractions are easily mixed in from nearby soils.
Scope of The Study
To Study soil stabilization for subbase and base course using innovative material namely Consolid system of
soil stabilization for rural road in East Gujarat at District Dahod. Taluka: JHALOD. One stretch of road details
as shown in Table No 2, and Figure 1.
Table 2 Location of field study
Sr. No
Name of road
Study
01
1.02
As per IRC: 51-1992 UCS Design procedure should be preferred since it is more realistic as compared to CBR
Design.
Strength Criteria: For testing the strength of stabilized soils, the CBR test is widely used in the case of
gravelly soil where as UCS test is often used with fine grained soils.
CBR Test: Minimum CBR value for the lime stabilized sub base should be 15% for low trafficked rural road.
UCS Test: In terms of the unconfined compressive, the lime stabilized soil used for sub base should have a
strength of 700 kPa (kN/m2 ) = 7 Kg/cm2.
IRC-8 IRC-88-1984 :recomme- nded practice for lime flyash stabilised soil base/subbase in pavement
construction.
The minimum unconfined compressive strength and CBR values after 28 days curing and 4 days soaking
should be 7.5 Kg/cm2 and 25% respectively. In terms of seven days curing and 4 days soaking, the minimum
unconfined compressive strength and CBR values should be 3 Kg/cm2 and 10 % respectively.
Design of Experiment
The purpose of the experimental work is to investigate the effect of
addition of Consolid System of soil stabilization on various
Engineering properties of soil like CBR value in soak and unsoak
condition, Unconfined Compressive strength (UCS). One more test
which typically represent the field conditionCapillary Rise Test is
performed, and also to investigate its utilization as a Subbase and
Base course for rural road construction.
As shown in Table 3.1 the soil sample is tested for CBR unsoaked and
soaked with and without consolid system. CBR test is performed as
per IS: 2720 (Part-16). UCS Test: IS 2720 (Part-10) -1973.
UCSUnconfined Compressive Strength test, It is mostly performed
on fine grained soil. The maximum load that can be transmitted to
the sub-soil by a foundation depends upon the resistance of the
underlying soil or rock to shearing deformation or compressibility.
Therefore it is the prime importance to investigate the factors that
control the shearing strength is commonly investigated by means of
compression test. The purpose of this test is to obtain a quantitative Figure 4: CBR mould preparation on site
values of compressive strength and shearing strength of such soil in an undrained state.
Figure 5: Application of Solidry Powder on Trial stretch Figure 6: Mixing with rotavator and compaction by
roller
For Maximizing the use of in situ material there is cohesive soil is available nearby so the cohesive soil is
placed over the prepared subgrade and mixed with coarser particle of the granular sandy material. The
composite soil is ready to use for consolid system application.
As per manufacturers guidelines C444-Liquid and solidry powder mixed with soil by using rotavator and
compaction by static roller of 10 ton as shown in fig-5 and Fig-6.
Mahudi Road
As shown in Fig -8 left hand side sample is treated and right hand side is untreated
As shown in Fig 9 untreated soil sample fell down after one hour of capillary rise test. This shows the water
proofing effect of consolid treatment.
Figure 9: Treated and Untreated soil sample for capillary rise test.untreated sample fell down within one hour.
As shown in above Table No 8 there is significant improvement in CBR value. The test results shows that after
period of time stability of road is improved. Prepared surface become stable and none yielding. From the above
results average CBR may be considered in the range of 25% to 40%. The CBR at the time of construction
before one month was 27.1%.
Economic Aspects
Overview
Quantifying the cost of stabilized soil is a very difficult issue to address. This is the result of several factors real
figures can only be obtained when the full design of the construction makes use of all advantage of the
treatment. For cost comparison treated and untreated pavement section cost is compared for crust provided
on the study stretch. Study stretch at karath kali mahudi Road cross section as per Fig No 11. The treated
layer thickness is same with untreated pavement course. Treated pavement has replaced the subbase course
of Granular material (GSB) and base course of WBM/WMM. The treated pavement also replaces the bituminous
binder course of BM/MPM. The cost is workedout for the crust provided at study stretch. The rates are as per
DPR of this project.
Figure 11: Typical Cross section of Rural road with Consolid treatment
As shown in Fig 11 the cross section of rural road pavement for soil stabilization treatment with Consolid
system. The Table no. 8 shows the cost calculation with chemical treatment. The cross section of road crust
detail shows that there is replacement of Granular sub base course and 75 mm thick Water bound macadam
(machine crushed metal) for base course. There is also total replacement of Bituminous binder course only
surface course is provided with 25 mm thick Open Graded premix carpet (OGPC) with seal coat. The total cost
materials / techniques for a period of two years and these are being used on trial basis.
References
Alam singh "Soil Engineering in theory and practices" Vol-III selected topics. CBS publishers 2002,New
Delhi.
ASTM :D1633 Standard Test Methods for Compressive Strength of Molded Soil-Cement Cylinders.
ASTM :D 5102-96 Standard Test Method for Unconfined Compressive Strength of Compacted Soil-Lime
Mixtures
A.U. Ravi Shankar et.al. " Bio-Enzyme Stabilized Lateritic Soil as a Highway Material" Paper no-553 Journal
of the Indian Road Congreee, July-September-2009, 143-151.
Behad Kalantari "Peat Soil Stabilization, using ordinary Portland cement, Polypropylene Fibres, and Air
Curing Technique" EJGE Vol 13,2009.
Consolid AG Switzerland "The Consolid System manual"
D Neeraja et. al. "Use of certain admixtures in The construction of pavement On expansive clayey
subgrade International Journal of Engineering Science and Technology.
IRC: 88-1984 "Recommended practice for lime fly ash stabilized soil base/sub base in pavement
construction" 1984 published by Indian road congress-New Delhi.-1984.
IRC: 51-1992 "Guidelines for the use of Soil-Lime mixes in road construction." 1984 published by Indian
road congress-New Delhi.-1992.
IRC SP:20-2002 "Guidelines for the design of flexible pavement for low volume roads" published by Indian
road congress-New Delhi.-2002.
I.S. : 2720 ( Part 1 to 41) "Various Method of Test for Soil."
Madhavi Vedula et al "Low Cost Soil Stabilization Technique for Rural Road Construction" Commemorative
Issue For National Conference on Rural Road and Exposition Green sampark PMGSY-2007.
Mark C. Jogan, "Low cost Technique of base stabilization" Iowa department of Transportation,1994.
Quality Assurance hand book for Rural Roads-Ministry of Rural Development Govt of India. National Rural
Road Development Agency. Volume-I -2007
Kadiyali L.R. "Principles and Practices of Highway Engineering, Khanna Publishers-Delhi-2006.
NBMCW March 2012
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