Race Literature on Trinidad and Tobago

Abdulah, N. Structure on the population: demographic developments in the independence

years in S. Ryan (ed.) Trinidad and Tobago: The independence experience 1962-1987 437-
469 (St. Augustine, 1988)

Allahar, A. Ethnic entrepreneurship and nationalism in Trinidad: afrocentrism and hindutva,
in: Social and Economic studies 53:2 117-154 (2004)

Allen, C. Creole the problem of definition in V. A. Shepherd en G. L. Richards (ed.)
Questioning creole creolisation discourses in Caribbean culture 47-63 (Kingston 2002)

Balkaransingh, S. Chutney Crosses over into Chutney Soca in Trinidad and Tobago
Carnival, in R. Premdas Identity, Ethnicity and Culture in the Caribbean 47-53 (St.
Augustine, 1999)

Baud, M. Koonings, K. Oostindie, G. Ouweneel, A. en Silva P., Etniciteit als strategie in
Latijns-Amerika en de Caraben (Amsterdam 1994)

Beckford, G.L. Plantation society toward a general theory of Caribbean society in:
Caribbean sociology introductory readings 139- 150 (Kingston, 2001)

Braithwaite, L. Social stratification and cultural plurism in: Caribbean sociology
introductory readings 176-188 (Kingston, 2001)

Brathwaite, E.K. Contradictory omens cultural diversity and integration in the
Caribbean (Kingston, 1974)

Brathwaite, E.K. The development of creole society in Jamaica, 1770-1820
(Kingston, 2005)

Bolland, O.N. Reconsidering creolisation and creole societies in: G. J.
Heuman en D. V. Trotman (ed.) Contesting freedom control and resistance in
the post-emancipation Caribbean 179-196 (Warwick University, 2005)

Brereton, B. The historiography of Trinidad and Tobago: the last thirty years
paper presented at the 30
th
annual conference of the association of Caribbean
historians- (St. Augustine 1998)

Choenni, C. Etniciteit en politiek, de positie van Hindoestanen in de politiek
van Trinidad, Guyana en Suriname (Amsterdam 1980)

Henry, A.-V. Framing a cross-cultural dialogue in Trinidad and Tobago,
Caribbean Quarterly Vol 40, 3-4 sept/dec 84-97 (1994)

Jain, R.K. Race relations, ethnicity, class and culture In: N. Jayaram (ed.) Themes in Indian
sociology Vol 4, The Indian diaspora, dynamics of migration 172-185 (New Delhi, 2004)

Kempadoo, K. Negotiating cultures: a Dogla perspective in R. Kanhai (Ed.), Matikor the
politics of identity for Indo-Caribbean women 103-117 (St. Augustine, 1999)

Khan, A. Callaloo nation metaphors of race and religious identity among
South Asians in Trinidad (Durham, Londen, 2004)

Klass, M East Indians in Trinidad a study of cultural persistence, (Illinois,
1961)

Koningsbruggen, P. van, Het Carnaval van Trinidad voertuig in de speurtocht
naar nationale identiteit (Utrecht, 1993)

LaGuerre, J.G. Race relations in Trinidad and Tobago in S. Ryan (ed.)
Trinidad and Tobago: The independence experience 1962-1987 193-206 (St.
Augustine, 1988)

Mahabir, N. The cultural and political implications of racial mixing in Trinidad and Tobago
(Caribbean) Dit is een online artikel te vinden op: http://www.uct-
cmc.co.za/conferences/2005/races/pdf/k_mahabir.pdf (27-05-2006) 12,13. Deze paper was
onderdeel van een conferentie in Zuid-Afrika. The Institute for Intercultural and Diversity
Studies in Southern Africa, the Sephis Conference on Mixing Races.

Mahabir N. en Maharaj A., Hindu elements in the Shango/Orisha cult of Trinidad, In: D.
Babydeen and B. Samaroo (ed.) Across the dark waters ethnicity and Indian identity in the
Caribbean. 90-107 (Londen, 1996)

Malik Y.K. East Indians in Trinidad a study in minority politics (Londen, 1971)

Meeks, B. The 1970 revolution: Chronology and documentation, in S. Ryan en T. Stewart
(red.), The Black Power Revolution 1970, a retrospective (St. Augustine, 1995)

Metha, B.J. Gendering the nation: reading Indo-Caribbean femenism in
Narmala Shewcharans tomorrow is another day in: Wadabagai, vol. 7 issue 1
(2004)

Munasing, V. Callaloo or Tossed Salad? East Indians and the Cultural
Politics of Identity in Trinidad (Cornell University Press, Ithaca & London
2001)

Oostindie, G. Ethnicity in the Caribbean, essays in honor of Harry Hoetink (Londen, 1996)

Parmasad, K. Bridging the Afro-Indian divide, in S. Ryan en T. Stewart
(red.), The Black Power Revolution 1970, a retrospective (St. Augustine,
1995)

Premdas, R. The Caribbean: Ethnic and cultural diversity and a typology of identities, in: R.
Premedas (ed.) Identity, ethnicity and culture in the Caribbean 3-12 (St. Augustine, 1999)

Puri, S. The Caribbean Postcolonial social equality, post-nationalism and cultural hybridity
(New York, 2004)

Ragoonath, Race, ethnicity and culture in the construction of political identities in Trinidad.
Paper prepared for the 22
nd
Annual Conference of the Caribbean Studies Association
(Barranquilla, 1997)

Rampersad, S. Merle Hodges revolutionary dougla poetics a reading of
Crick crack monkey and for the life of Laetitia in M. Nourbesse Philip en J.
Anim-Addo (Ed.) Centre of Remembrance: Memory and Caribbean Women's
Literature 147-163 (Londen, 2002)

Reddock, R. Contestations over culture, class, gender and identity in Trinidad and Tobago,
the little tradition in: V. A. Shepherd en G. L. Richards (ed.) Questioning creole creolisation
discourses in Caribbean culture 111-129 (Kingston 2002)
Reddock, R. Douglarisation and the politics of gender in Trinidad and
Tobago, in C. Barrow en R. Reddock Caribbean sociology introductory
readings 320-333 (Kingston, 2001)

Reddock, R. Jahaji Bhai: The emergence of a Dougla Poetics in Contemporary Trinidad and
Tobago, in R. Premdas Identity, Ethnicity and Culture in the Caribbean (St. Augustine 1999)

Reddock, R. The United Nations Information Centre for the Caribbean Area and the Institute
of International Relations, The university of the West Indies, 24 mei 2001,
http://www.paho.org/Spanish/HDP/hdd/reddock.doc (13-12-2004)

Ryan, S. The struggle for black power in the Caribbean, in S. Ryan en T. Stewart (red.), The
Black Power Revolution 1970, a retrospective (St. Augustine, 1995)

Ryan, S. and J. LaGuerre, Ethnicity and employment practices in the public sector in Trinidad
and Tobago Volume I (1993, Centre for ethnic studies UWI, St. Augustine)

Segal, D. Race and colour in pre-independence Trinidad, in K.
Yelvington Trinidad Ethnicity 81-115 (University of Warwick 1993)

Singh, K. Race, class and ideology in post-colonial Trinidad, 1956-91, In: A.O. Thompson,
In the shadow of the plantation : Caribbean history and legacy 444-465 (Kingston, 2002)

Smith, M.G. The plural society in the British West Indies (Berkeley en Los Angelos, 1965)

Stipriaan-Luscius, A. van, Creolisering, vragen van een basketbalplein, antwoorden van een
watergodin. Rede in verkorte vorm, uitgesproken bij aanvaarding van het ambt van hoogleraar
in de geschiedenis van Niet-Westerse samenleving aan de Faculteit der Historische en
Kunstwetenschappen van de Erasmus Universiteit Rotterdam. 6 januari 2000

Stipriaan-Luscius, A. van, Slavernij en de strijd om Afro-Surinaamse
identiteit in: Tijdschrift voor geschiedenis vol. 117 afl. 4 522-542 (2004)


Stoddard, E. & Cornwell, G.H. Cosmopolitan or mongrel? Crolit, hybridity and
douglarisation in Trinidad, in European journal of cultural studies 2 331-353 (1999)

W. Stoddard, E & Corwell, G.H., Miscegenation as a metaphor for nation-
building: the douglarization controversy in Trinidad and Tobago in: E. W.
Stoddard, G.H. Corwell (ed.) Global multiculturalism comparitive
perspectives on ethnicity, race, and nation 29-50 (Oxford, 2001)

Tanikella, L. The politics of hybridity race, gender, and nationalism in Trinidad in: Cultural
dynamics 15 (2) (2003)

Krantenartikelen

Sunday Express, 15 april 1990, Church head speaks out against racism: Let there be Douglas

Express Newspaper 16, May 2005, Dougla dilemma, Lecturer sees westernisation of East
Indians, Wayne Bowman
http://www.trinidadexpress.com/index.pl/article_news?id=77969853 (gezien: 24-05-2006)

Trinidadian Guardian, 13 februrai 1989, Will the douglas please arise, they
may be better poised to deal with our tribal problem, Rodney Charles

The Trinidad Guardian, 7 juni 2003, random remarks on race, Jaye Q,
http://www.guardian.co.tt/archives/2003-05-30/Jaye-Q.html (gezien op 18-05-2006)

Trinidadian Guardian, 7 juni 2003, Jaye-Q, Random remarks on race
http://www.guardian.co.tt/archives/2003-06-07/Jaye-Q.html (gezien op 10-09-2006)

Internetbronnen

Hinduism Today, 23 mei 1997, No Calypso for Hindu Kids, a musical misstep
http://www.hinduismtoday.com/archives/1997/5/1997-5-23.shtml (gezien op 09-08-2006)

Ras Tyehimba, The Douglarisation Controversy in T & T 04-06-2005
http://www.rastaspeaks.com/tyehimba/2005/0407.html (gezien op: 27-05-2006)

Trinicentre, 06 january 26 2004, The Indianization of the Society, Dr. Selwyn
R. Cudjoe http://trinicentre.com/Cudjoe/2004/2601.htm (gezien op: 08-09-
2006)

Trinicentre, Hindus against mixed marriages, Jahannah Bharose
http://www.trinicenter.com/RaceTnT/PunditTawari.htm(gezien op: 08-09-2006)