Ash generation

CET Govora is a cogeneration power plant for production of

electricity and thermal energy for industry and heating of Rm.
Valcea city.
CET Govora has three identical boilers based on coal from
Romanian market. The coal is lignite with low calorifcal power
average !"#$ kcal%kg&' high content of water and ash (( )&. To
compensate the low energy content of this coal is burned big
*uanties of coal in a year around +.( mil. tones&.
Monthly coal consumption and generated ash on 2007
Month Coal
[t]
Coal
related on
total [%]
Bottom
ash
[t]
Fly ash
[t]
January +($.!,
+
!$ ) -.#,. .".(.-
Februar
y
++$."(
!
!$ ) -.+"- .#.#"-
March +($.-"
+
!$ ) -..!. .".#/+
April !,$.#.
#
" ) ..+", #..#,"
May !.$.$!
#
- ) #.+"$ /-.#+/
June !#".$!
/
- ) #.+!/ /..,($
July !"(.!(
,
" ) ..$// #/.(,+
August !+..,#
(
. ) /.!", (-.-$#
eptem
ber
!.(.+$
+
- ) #.(". /"./-!
!ctomb
er
!"/./"
$
" ) ..$"" #/.-,!
"o#emb ++$."( !$ ) -.+"- .#.#"-
CET Govora 0 1sh generation 2age !
er !
$ecemb
er
+($.!,
+
!$ ) -.#,. .".(.-
%!%A& 2'2(('
)(*
)00% 7*'+7, -+2'+-)
CET Govora 0 1sh generation 2age +
Boiler ash generated layout
Bottom ash 0 !$ percent of the ash is dry bottom ash' a dark
gray' granular' porous' predominantly sand material that is
collected in a water3flled hopper at the bottom of the furnace
Fly ash 0 4ly ash material is solidifed while suspended in the
e5haust gases and is collected by electrostatic precipitators.
6ince the particles solidify while suspended in the e5haust
gases' 7y ash particles are generally spherical in shape and
range in si8e from $.# 9m to !$$ 9m. They consist mostly of
silicon dio5ide 6i:
+
&' aluminium o5ide 1l
+
:
(
& and iron o5ide
4e
+
:
(
&' and are hence a suitable source of aluminum and
silicon for geopolymers. They are also po88olanic in nature
and react with calcium hydro5ide and alkali to form
cementitious compounds.
CET Govora 0 1sh generation 2age (
Ash properties
Share grading
Fly ash . /eld )
Fly ash . /eld 2
CET Govora 0 1sh generation 2age /
Fly ash . /eld ,
Fly ash . /eld 0
CET Govora 0 1sh generation 2age #
Tests
"r'Cr
t
Class grading
[1m]
Cumulated pass [%]
Field ) Field 2 Field , Field 0
! ; ! $.( !.( !.# !!.(
+ ; !.# $./ !./ !.# !(.#
( ; + $./ !.- !.. !-.(
/ ; ( $." (.# ( ((."
# ; / !.( #.- /.. /".-
. ; . !., "." ".! .../
- ; " +.. !!.. !! -/.-
" ; !+ (." !#.( !" "(.+
, ; !. #.! !,.! +/.+ "-./
!$ ; +/ ".( +/., (-.# ,+.(
!! ; (+ !+." (+ /".- ,..+
!+ ; /" +/.# /( .,.. ,-./
!( ; ./ (".- ##.( "!.! ,,.-
!/ ; ,. .+., -+.# ,..+ !$$
!# ; !+" -".. "#.+ ," !$$
!. ; !,+ "(.- ",./ ," !$$
!- < !,+ !..( !$.. !.,. $
!" =#$ >9m? -"." #- (( /.!
Physical characteristics and physical activity index for fy
ash samples
Caracteristic Field ) Field 2 Field ,
Field
0
@umidity >)? $ $ $ $
6pecifc weight
>g%cm(? !.## !... + +.!
4inesse
3 R$+ >)? !..( !$.. !., $
3 R$$, >)? /".+ ($./ /.. $
6pecifc surface
>cm+%g? !""$ ("#$ /("$ ,#-$
CET Govora 0 1sh generation 2age .
Caracteristic [%]
2mpose
conditions 3
,+,2.)0
Field
)
Field
2
Field ,
Field
0
1ctivity physical
inde5 according
6R ("(+3"
min "#) !!/.- !!#.. !$#." !+$.-
!4idic analise
Fly ash test results
5dry colected on
electroprecipitator6
7et ash
%est 8M
Field
)
Field
2
Field
,
Field
0
Botto
m
ash
$epo
sit
2.C. ) +.-( +.,! (.!( (.," ((.+" !$.-#
6i:
+
) #+.,, #"./! #!... /-."- (#.(/ /,.#$
1l
+
:
(
) +$.". !,.#. !,.(# ,..# !#.++ +$."#
4e
+
:
(
) ,./+ "."! !$..( !+."- #.$! -./!
Ca: ) ..+/ /.!$ -.". -.!- /..+ /.+$
Ag: ) +."# +./( (.+$ (.!$ !."# +.++
Ba
+
: ) !.(" !./! !.-, +.,- $./, $.(#
6:
(
) $.(/ $.+/ $.+. $.(! $.(" $.#+
C
+
: ) !./, !.!# !.$/ !.+! !... +.+(
Ti:
+
) $..! !.#, $./- $./, $.(. $.#"
Ca: free ) $.$$ $.$$ $.$$ $.$$ $.$$ $.$$
Dnsoluble residuu @Cl 3
C:@ ) !#.!! !#.!! !+../ !!.(! !-./# !,.,-
6i:
+
reactive ) /".,$ /".,$ /(.-, /!.(+ ../, /."!
CET Govora 0 1sh generation 2age -
Heavy metal contents
"o Ash sample Cd As Co "i e %e b Cr
pp
m
pp
m
pp
m
pp
m
pp
m
pp
m
pp
m
pp
m
! Eottom ash wet
ash&
!$ !// !# #/ !! !$ ,$ "-
+ =eposit wet ash& !( !,+ !, -+ !+ !! !+- ,"
( 4ly ash 0 feld ! !# +($ ++ "" !/ !( !/( !$,
/ 4ly ash 0 feld + !. (!$ +# ,- !# !( !/# !!.
# 4ly ash 0 feld ( !- +,$ +" !!" !- !+ !/$ !$(
. 4ly ash 0 feld / +! ."$ (- !/. !" !# !// !+$
Radioactivity test
CET Govora 0 1sh generation 2age "
"o Ash sample n Mn 9b : ;n Cu Carb
on
<g
pp
m
pp
m
pp
m
pp
m
pp
m
pp
m
) ppm
! Eottom ash wet
ash&
. +-/ #/ !/# !$! !!$ 3 $.$!
!
+ =eposit wet ash& " +-, !+( !", !". !!. 3 $.$/
#
( 4ly ash 0 feld ! !+ (/, !"+ +!/ !-+ !$/ $.,+ $.$.
(
/ 4ly ash 0 feld + !" (#! +#$ +!+ (+! !"- $..$ $.!$
.
# 4ly ash 0 feld ( # /!$ +/- ++, (/- !+! $.., $.++
#
. 4ly ash 0 feld / +$ /(+ /," +#$ ,(# !#( $.(/ $.$.
.
Gamma 0 spectrometry has made with multi 0 channel analyser
C1BEER1 "$ and Ge 0 Fi high resolution detector. Time of
measurement 0 .$$$ sec.
"o' 3adioacti#it
y
B=>?g
! Th +(+ .".(
+ Ra ++. "/.$
( C /, #".
/ Cs !(- ; !,
# G +(" ; !-$
Conclusion@ The radioactivity of CET GovoraHs ash is not diferent
than ordinary building material where is ash clasifed&
CET Govora 0 1sh generation 2age ,